Technical Specification For Site Preparation Earthworks - Roads & Fencing

Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev.
Page
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ASSIUT HYDROCRACKING COMPLEX

ANOPC
The present document or drawing is property of TECHNIP ITALY S.p.A. and shall not, under any circumstances, be totally or partially, directly or indirectly, transferred, reproduced, copied, disclosed or used, without its prior written consent, for any purpose and in any way other than that for which
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FOR SITE PREPARATION
EARTHWORKS - ROADS & FENCING

it is specifically furnished or outside the extent of the agreed upon right of use.
Francesca Sindici Maria Carmela Romano Enrico Di Paolo

Giuseppe Bruno-External2
2019.03.29 18:59:01 +07'00' Corrado
2019.03.29 09:14:40 +01'00' 2019.03.29 12:09:14
Pigna
2019.03.29 10:58:09 +01'00'
+01'00'
B 29-MAR-2019 ISSUED FOR INQUIRY F. SINDICI M. ROMANO / E. DI PAOLO G. BRUNO / C. PIGNA
A 28-FEB-2019 ISSUED FOR REVIEW F. SINDICI M. ROMANO / E. DI PAOLO V. COLONE / C. PIGNA

REV. DATE STATUS WRITTEN BY CHECKED BY APPROV./AUTHOR. BY
(name & visa) (name & visa) (name & visa)
DOCUMENT REVISIONS
TECHNIP ITALY S.p.A. - 00148 ROMA - Viale Castello della Magliana, 68

Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev. Page
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR SITE PREPARATION, EARTHWORKS - ROADS & FENCING

INDEX
Page
1. INTRODUCTION 4
1.1. Scope 4
1.2. Definitions 4
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5
2.1. Legislation 5
2.2. Project documents 5
2.3. Codes, standards and other international references 6
2.4. Order of Precedence 8
2.5. Documents 8
2.6. Units of measure 9
3. SITE DESCRIPTION AND SOIL DATA 10
3.1. General 10
3.2. Ground and groundwater conditions 10
4. SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES 11
5. DEADLINE AND WORK COMPLETION 13
6. SUBCONTRACTOR’S DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 14
6.1. General 14
6.2. Health, Safety, Security and Environment 16
6.3. Method statement 17
7. QUALITY CONTROL AND CERTIFICATION OF WORKS 18
8. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS FOR SITE PREPARATION 19
8.1. General 19
8.2. Field laboratory 19
8.3. Working platform 20
8.4. Water used in the works 21
8.5. Preliminary earthworks trials 21
8.6. Permanent and Temporary fence and gates 22
8.7. Site clearance 22

8.8. Excavation 23
8.9. Proof compaction 25
8.10. Back-fills and Embankments 26
8.11. Dynamic compaction 32
8.12. Deep in situ compaction 42
8.13. Slopes 45
8.14. Temporary Roads and access ramps 45

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8.15. Site finishing 46

8.16. Protection of adjacent structures and existing underground installations 46
8.17. Dump area for excess excavated material 47
8.18. Soil rehabilitation and vegetation 49
9. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 50
9.1. General 50
9.2. Earthworks Procedure 51
9.3. Water control and drainage system 56
10. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 57
11. DESCRIPTION OF PRICE LIST ITEMS 59
11.1. Code 1410 – TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY 59
11.2. Code 1420 – SITE PROTECTION 60
11.3. Code 1426 – SLOPE PROTECTION 60
11.4. Code 1440 - EARTHWORKS, CLEARING AND SCRUBBING 60
11.5. Code 1450 – ROADS AND YARDS 61
11.6. Code 1470 – UNDERGROUND PIPING 62
11.7. Code 1491 – ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR EARTH MOVING 62

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Scope
This specification defines the technical requirements and the sequence of construction for
the following works, as part of site preparation activities preliminary to the “Assiut
Hydrocracking Complex” to be built within the Assiut Oil Refining (ANOPC) located in
Assiut, Egypt:
• earthworks for site preparation such general excavation and fill, embankments for
roads and yards;
• soil compaction and soil improvement;
• earthworks for tank foundation and earth dykes;
• earthworks for site finishing;
• asphalt roads;
• temporary roads;
• slopes
• temporary and definitive fencing.
Should provisions in this Specification referring to roles and responsibilities and other
general issues be in contrast with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations and of
the Contract or Agreement, the latter shall prevail and nothing in this specification shall be
taken to alter the general provisions of the Contract or Agreement, either directly or
indirectly.
1.2. Definitions
The following definitions are applied in the present document:
OWNER ANOPC (Assiut National Oil Processing Company)

CONTRACTOR TECHNIP ITALY S.P.A. - ENGINEERING COMPANY a party

contracted to OWNER to submit the Subcontract Agreement for
site preparation and representative surveyor acting as technical
supervisor of the site activity.
SUBCONTRACTOR The specialized firm charged to perform the works.

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2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
Performance of the Contract shall be in conformity with the latest revision of the applicable
sections of the Codes, local laws or accepted engineering practices, as here below listed.
The following documents are to be considered as integral part of this specification, as well
as their addenda, updating and reference documents.
2.1. Legislation
All works described in this specification shall be carried out in accordance with the Egyptian
laws.
2.2. Project documents
This document shall be read in conjunction with the following documents:
[1] 079254C-0000-JSD-1700-001: General design rules for foundations and

structures
[2] 079254C-0000-JSD-1400-001: Job design specification For Underground systems
[3] 079254C-0000-DW-1402-001: General Notes for Underground works
[4] 079254C-0000-STD-1480-00: Construction Standard for Underground
[5] 079254C-0000-JSD-1410-001: Geotechnical recommendations for earthmoving

and foundation
[6] 079254C-0000-PS-1440-001: Description of Price List Items for Site Preparation
[7] 079254C-0000-DW-1421-001-1: General earthwork & Site Preparation – Plan

079254C-0000-DW-1421-001-2: General earthwork & Site Preparation –
Stratigraphy and R.G.L. profiles

079254C-0000-DW-1421-001-3: General earthwork & Site Preparation – Roads
Longitudinal Profiles
[8] 079254C-0000-DW-1421-002: General Notes for Site Preparation
[9] Site HSE plan (1)
[10] 079254C-0000-DW-0051-01-01: Overall plot plan

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(1)
[11] Temporary Construction Facilities TCF General Layout
[12] Quality Control Plan for civil works “earth moving” (1)
[13] 4583-160-000-SUR-REP-04: Previous Topographical Survey Report for ASORC

Assigned Area - Doc. dated 03-12-2015
[14] 079254C-0000-MS-1410-001: Technical specification for additional topographic

survey
[15] 079254C-0000-MS-1410-002 Technical specification for additional ground

investigation
[16] ARDAMAN-ACE, Factual Report, Fieldworks, July 2016
[17] ARDAMAN-ACE, Factual Report, Laboratory, July 2016
[18] ARDAMAN-ACE, Geophysical Report, July 2016
Note:
(1) Document issue will follow.
2.3. Codes, standards and other international references
All earthworks and ground improvement activities, including associated civil/structural

components, shall be in accordance with applicable National Laws, Regulations, Standards
and Codes of Practice.
Unless otherwise instructed by OWNER, all control tests shall be carried out in accordance
with relevant ASTM standard method. In particular, the following standards shall apply:
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM):

[19] ASTM D421: Preparation of Soil Samples for Particle-Size Analysis.
[20] ASTM D422: Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils
[21] ASTM D1196: Standard Test Method for Non-Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests
of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in
Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements

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[22] ASTM D1556: Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in
Place by the Sand-Cone Method
[23] ASTM D1557: Tests Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil
Using Modified Effort
[24] ASTM D4253: Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table
[25] ASTM D4254: Standard Test Method for Minimum Index Density and Weight of
Soils and Calculation of Relative Density
[26] ASTM D4318: Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity
Index of Soils
[27] ASTM D4429: Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils
in Place
Where no ASTM standard method is available, other accepted international Standards may
be used as reference, to the approval of OWNER.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO):
[28] AASHTO M 145: Classification System for Soils
[29] AASHTO: Guide for Design of Pavements
Asphalt Institute (AI):
[30] MS-2: Design Method for Asphalt Concrete and other Hot-Mix Types
[31] MS-4: Asphalt Handbook
[32] SS-1: Model Construction Specifications for Asphalt Concrete and

Other Plant-Mix Types
[33] SS-2: Specifications for Pavings and Industrial Asphalt
In addition to the above mentioned documents, if applicable, OWNER requirements and/or

local Codes shall be followed.

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2.4. Order of Precedence
Edition and/or issue dates of applicable sections of codes and international standards shall
be the latest revision in force at the date of Contract’s signature on October 2018, unless
differently stated.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall always follow the latest revision of the regulations and of the
referred standards within the guidelines to the regulations. If other norms than the ones
listed in the guidelines are chosen, for contractual reasons or other, an assessment shall
be carried out documenting that the chosen solution complies with the regulatory
requirements.
In the event of any conflicting requirement the order of precedence shall be:
1. Egyptian National laws and regulations
2. OWNER’s Technical Standards
3. Applicable International Codes and Standards
4. CONTRACTOR’s Design Codes and Standard, including present Specification

requirements
Conflicts arising between any specification shall be brought to OWNER/CONTRACTOR’s

attention for resolution. As a general rule, the most stringent requirement shall apply.
2.5. Documents
Documents defining the scope of work of SUBCONTRACTOR are this specification, the
attached and referenced drawings and documents, codes, standards, rules and
specifications recalled or attached therein.
Local regulations as far as safety, industry practice, supplies and construction shall be met.
Any deviation from “issued for construction” drawings introduced at site shall have the prior
written approval by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
During the works, SUBCONTRACTOR shall take a record of any modification introduced at
site on one marked-up hard copy of each drawing (“As-built” drawings). The above set of
drawings shall be available in SUBCONTRACTOR’s Site Office in order to be controlled
and checked by CONTRACTOR and OWNER.

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SUBCONTRACTOR shall supply these “As Built” drawings and the relative electronic file
shall be in AutoCAD release 2004/2017.
2.6. Units of measure
Calculations and drawings for all works covered by this specification shall be carried out
using International System Units (S.I.).
In particular, the following units shall be used:
• Length* meter m
millimeter mm
• Area square meter m²

square millimeter mm²
• Volume cube meter m3

cube millimeter mm3
• Force Newton N
KiloNewton kN
• Mass Kilogram kg
• Pressure KiloPascal kPa = kN/m²

MegaPascal MPa = N/mm²
• Density Kilogram per

cubic meter kg/m3
• Specific weight KiloNewton

per cubic meter kN/ m3
• Temperature degree Celsius °C

* Dimensions and elevations on drawings shall be given in mm, except for steel pipe
diameter expressed in inches (“).

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3. SITE DESCRIPTION AND SOIL DATA
3.1. General
Assiut Refinery is located about 20 km to the west of Assiut City, EGYPT. In particular the
future Hydro Cracker Plant will be located outside the western limit of the existing Assiut
refinery, of which is considered an extension .
The area of expansion has a nominal length of 1425 m and a nominal width of 485m. The
current topography is highly variable; ground levels range between + 77 m and + 94m. The
Northern part of the site is covered by trees, palms and vegetations. The topsoil is a mixture
of sand and gravel.
The area of interest for the present document - and related activities herein described - is
comprising of the Area of Future Expansion (shown in green in the picture below) as well
as all areas for Temporary Construction Facilities that OWNER will make available to
CONTRACTOR for the performance of the works, as described in relevant drawings.
Asyut Refinery – Location of the extension site
3.2. Ground and groundwater conditions
Based on the results of the in situ and laboratory investigations the following main
geotechnical units have been identified:

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• Top soil: generally, sand with silt and gravel, locally coarse to boulder size gravel is
recovered. The thickness of this stratum is of the order of 0.5 m
• Unit 1: very dense, fine to coarse sandy gravel and gravelly sand, traces of silt,
calcareous, yellow-brown. The thickness of this layer ranges from a minimum
of about 2-3 m (only in very few investigated locations a thickness around 1
m has been measured) to a maximum of 13-14 m.
• Unit 2: hard clay with different percentage of silt and silty clay with sand, locally
traces of gravel, calcareous brown, medium to high plasticity. With reference
to the available stratigraphy obtained from borehole drilling, the thickness of
this layer ranges from a minimum of about 5-7 m to a maximum of 16-18 m.
This unit is classified as medium to highly potentially swelling when wetted.
This unit has been generally encountered below Unit 1. The unit is generally
interbedded with the sands and silty sands of Unit 3.
• Unit 3: very dense sand and sand with silty clay (low plasticity), calcareous, yellow
brown. The unit is generally interbedded with the clays of Unit 2. Sands and
silty sand of Unit 3 become prevailing below 20 m from G.L..
Groundwater has been measured at piezometers location at depths ranging from 33.5 m to
37.9 m below existing G.L..
The Unit 2 presents potentially swelling/collapsible when wetted, refer to its natural moisture
condition in site. The design of the foundations of the plant structures and of the
undergrounds that can be subjected to water leakage shall provide adequate protection of
Unit 2 from wetting.
For more details regarding the geotechnical characterization of the site, reference may be
made to Doc. 079254C-0000-JSD-1410-001 - Geotechnical recommendations for
earthmoving and foundation.
4. SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES
The works indicated below are included in the SUBCONTRACTOR’s Scope of Work. They
shall be carried out at the same time and in coordination with ground improvement, by
dynamic and/or rapid compaction or soil replacement, and/or other construction activities,
including any activity carried out by Others, if applicable.

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Within designated areas, the SUBCONTRACTOR Scope of Work will include:
• Supply and erection of temporary and permanent fences and associated gates;
• Site clearance including possible demolitions;
• Grubbing and Scrubbing;
• General Excavations;
• Heavy compaction;
• Dynamic and/or rapid compaction;
• Back-fills and Embankments;
• Final finishings;
• Formation of temporary and permanent slopes;
• Temporary drainage;
• Formation and, where applicable, rehabilitation of temporary roads and access;
• Vibration monitoring and, if required, design and implementation of vibration mitigation

measures;
• Quality Control tests;
• General management, environmental and erosion control measures, maintenance and

security of the site for the duration of the works described above;
• Supply of construction material as required for the works described above;

• Disposal (including transport) of unsuitable and surplus materials and/or waste of any
type related to the works described above;
• Formation, management and rehabilitation of temporary and permanent dump

area/stockpile for excavated topsoil.
The overall extent and geometry of the Site Preparation/soil improvement works shall be
determined by CONTRACTOR to suit project requirements and will be shown in the relevant
drawings. The OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves the right to modify the overall extent and

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geometry of the soil improvement works (including increase or decrease of overall scope)
in relation to changes in Project requirements.
Within the areas to be treated, the exact details and location of treatment points and the
sequence of operations will be determined by CONTRACTOR on the basis of typical layout
and details to be defined by CONTRACTOR subject to approval by OWNER or as otherwise
directed by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
In particular, the soil improvement works will be carried out from a working platform
prepared as a first phase of the excavation/filling to be carried out in the area. On completion
of treatment, the treated areas will be filled to the design level of rough grading, which
corresponds to -0.5m below HPP level.
Prior to the execution of the work, SUBCONTRACTOR shall perform all the preliminary
activities (investigations, trial tests, etc.) defined in this specification as necessary to
validate the basic design of the soil improvement and to demonstrate feasibility of the
equipment and procedures described in his Method Statement.
During the execution of the work, SUBCONTRACTOR shall tightly monitor the
implementation and the quality of the work by means of quality control tests, field tests and
monitoring as defined in this specification.
The OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves the right to modify the intensity of treatment to be

carried out in each designated area in relation to the results of the preliminary activities
(investigations, trial tests, etc.) and ongoing control tests.
At the end of the soil improvement, SUBCONTRACTOR shall issue a Final report including
a detailed summary of the work carried out, QC forms duly filled, as-built records and
drawings. The final report shall be signed by a qualified professional engineer.
At all stages of the project, the SUBCONTRACTOR’s activities and reports will be subject
to verification and approval by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
5. DEADLINE AND WORK COMPLETION
SUBCONTRACTOR shall complete, to the satisfaction of OWNER/CONTRACTOR,

sections of the Works as stated in the Project Schedule. Completed sections will be handed-
over to CONTRACTOR for subsequent construction work and no further construction traffic

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and/or stockpiling of material related to site preparation and ancillary works will be allowed
to SUBCONTRACTOR over such sections after hand over. It will be the responsibility of the
SUBCONTRACTOR to mobilize personnel, plant and materials in sufficient quantity to
satisfy this requirement.
Work completion shall be when:
• all works included in IFC Site Preparation drawing, as described in the present
specification, has been performed and accepted;
• all punch list works have been completed;
• all temporary SUBCONTRACTOR facilities and utilities have been removed and areas
cleaned and re-instated to the satisfaction of OWNER/CONTRACTOR;
• all tests, quality forms and certifications have been supplied and approved by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR;
• all “as built” drawings (final issue) have been submitted and approved by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR;
• any document required by local laws have been supplied.
6. SUBCONTRACTOR’S DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.1. General
Without limitation to the generality of the Conditions of Contract and other relevant contract
documentation, the following special requirements will apply. Most stringent requirements
specified elsewhere in the Contract shall prevail.
All cases of conflict between this Technical Specification and other Contract Documents
including the Final Geotechnical Report and attachments thereto shall be brought to the
attention of OWNER/CONTRACTOR without delay for resolution.
The SUBCONTRACTOR’s price takes into account all duties and implications derived by
access and operational conditions at the site, including all special precautions and
environmental control measures.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall ascertain in advance and abide by any special requirement
of the OWNER/CONTRACTOR in relation to working on the OWNER’s property.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall provide that all activities will be directed by a qualified Site
Manager to the approval of OWNER/CONTRACTOR having at least ten years of direct

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relevant experience, who shall be present full time for the entire duration of construction
operations. He will also be responsible for the data organization and transmission. The Site
Manager and all his assistants will be fluent in written and spoken English.
Daily, weekly and monthly Reports will be submitted as directed by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR Construction Manager. Two copies of all technical data, recorded
in preliminary form, will be submitted to OWNER within 24 working hours of completion of
each activity or test. Official test certificates will follow with the least possible delay.
All documents shall be in English. Official certificates provided by the SUBCONTRACTOR
shall include a complete translation in English. Forms will be subject to the approval of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall manage all plant operations and the transport of excavated
and imported material in a controlled manner, establishing and enforcing clear traffic plans
and providing specific and updated written instruction inclusive of English translation to each
plant operator and lorry driver to this effect. Said instructions will be available at all times in
the cab for inspection. Operators, workers and lorry drivers working without instruction or
contravening their instructions will be removed from the site. Similar written instructions will
be issued to all plant operators for all specified activities.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall abide by the technical requirements detailed in the following
paragraphs. Any changes, due to operational difficulties of the SUBCONTRACTOR must
be previously discussed and accepted by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
The SUBCONTRACTOR will be responsible for, inter alia:
• providing and obtaining approval for detailed method statement and detailed works
programme for all activities within own scope (see Chapter 6.3 for additional details);
• establishing and maintaining an approved Quality Assurance Procedure and relevant

Quality Control Plans for all SUBCONTRACTOR’s activities;
• obtaining all permits and authorizations necessary to carry out the activities in his scope
of work, and any other tests, approvals and certificates required by local applicable
laws and regulations, including OWNER internal procedures (such as right of way and
work permits procedures). Any authorized third-party or qualified professionals required

for permitting/inspection/certificate scope, will be under SUBCONTRACTOR’s scope
of work;
• carrying out all preliminary and control tests required by the specifications and the
Quality Control plan;
• producing and maintaining updated technical records and documentation;

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• daily, weekly and monthly progress reports;
• completing the works safely, timely and workmanlike;
• liaising with OWNER/CONTRACTOR and other SUBCONTRACTORs operating at the

site at the same time, if any;
• complete and autonomous management of spoil arising from the work.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall guarantee assistance during inspection activities requested by

OWNER/CONTRANCTOR, for instance providing surveyors, equipment, etc., with no
additional costs.
Supply of all Temporary Construction Facilities as well as of all utilities and consumables
necessary for the execution of the work shall be at sole care and charge of
SUBCONTRACTOR.
6.2. Health, Safety, Security and Environment
Full care and precaution shall be given by the SUBCONTRACTOR for health and safety of
the workers in the field to prevent accidents during the execution of the works, as well as of
the safeguard of the environment according to applicable laws. Attention is drawn to the
responsibilities of all person engaged in construction works in respect of health and safety.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall take all necessary precautions to fulfill all of its obligations,
functions and duties in compliance with local legislation and rules.
For specific HSE topics, where no local legislation and rules are present the design shall
comply with International and CONTRACTOR standards.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall protect structures, utilities, pavements and other facilities
from damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, washout and other hazards created
by his operations, if any. If SUBCONTRACTOR or his Works damage or result in damages
to those utilities, SUBCONTRACTOR shall repair or replace them at no extra cost to the
CONTRACTOR and/or OWNER.
During the performance of the work, the SUBCONTRACTOR shall take proper and effective
measures to minimize the environmental impact of his operations. Without limitation to the
generality of the above and subject to any more stringent applicable legal requirements, the
SUBCONTRACTOR shall:
• Minimize disturbance to and/or restore natural drainage lines, other than as expressly
foreseen in the project drawings;

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• Prevent contamination of soil and/or groundwater, for example by arranging for

refuelling operations to be carried out at controlled locations suitably equipped to
contain any accidental spills that may occur; remediate to satisfaction of OWNER and
relevant Authorities any contamination that nevertheless may occur;
• Monitor closely the work areas to identify and remediate incipient areas of soil erosion;
• Prevent traffic outside designated temporary roads, to minimize damage to vegetation

and/or compaction of topsoil outside areas of engineering work;
• Install and maintain silt traps and other measures as necessary to prevent uncontrolled
dispersion of soils outside working areas;
• Minimize dust, noise and vibrations and prevent dust, noise and vibration from harming
individuals and damaging adjacent properties, equipment and environment. Dust may
be mitigated by regular watering or other suitable treatment of exposed surfaces and
by limiting unnecessary traffic outside designated temporary roads;
• Form and manage temporary stockpiles in such manner as appropriate to minimize

wind erosion; this may include forming stable slopes, minimizing exposed surfaces and
possibly protecting them with sheeting or by watering.
During the performance of the work, for the whole area within the temporary fence, the
SUBCONTRACTOR shall implement all applicable measures for the prevention and/or
mitigation of wildfires in accordance with applicable national and local regulations and/or
orders by competent Authorities.
6.3. Method statement
Prior to the start of the work, the SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit for approval a “Draft”
Method Statement (including text, figures, schedule and drawings as appropriate) that will
define in detail all the procedures and the sequence of operations that he intends to adopt
to carry out the scope of work and to satisfy the requirements of the specification, including
but not limited to:

- Scope of work breakdown;
- Work sequence for each activity;
- Schedule;
- Safety precautions with reference to JHA;
- organization chart and responsibility matrix;

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- facilities, equipment and resources at Site;

- Traffic Plan;
- Waste management.
The final Method Statement shall take into account the minimum requirements detailed in
the specifications and drawings issued for order.
All changes from the approved Method Statement will be implemented only after submission
by SUBCONTRACTOR and approval by OWNER of duly revised Method Statements.
7. QUALITY CONTROL AND CERTIFICATION OF WORKS
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for implementing systematic quality control of all

its activities. This shall be carried out by carrying out all the monitoring, tests and inspections
foreseen in the applicable Quality Control Plan, to which reference shall be made for a
detailed definition of activities and responsibilities.
As a general principle, the SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for all quality control
and for self-certification of all materials and activities.
Without limitation to the responsibility of the SUBCONTRACTOR for the quality of the
works, OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserve the right at their discretion to order the
SUBCONTRACTOR and/or to commission independent laboratories to carry out additional
samples and test on materials and completed works and/or to witness/inspect any or all of
the activities and certificates.
Printed copies of all construction records (including certificates of control tests) shall be
countersigned by the SUBCONTRACTOR, which signature shall constitute a certificate of
proper and satisfactory construction. OWNER reserves the right of verifying all or part of
these records. The submission of records which are signed (and thus certified) by the
SUBCONTRACTOR and which are subsequently found by OWNER/CONTRACTOR to be
defective and/or non-compliant with approval criteria will be considered a serious breach of
the QA/QC plan requiring serious and prompt corrective action, possibly including the
removal from site of the offending personnel. Where the records show non-compliance with
the approved construction procedures, it shall be submitted with a note to that effect,
together with a proposal for corrective action.

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8. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS FOR SITE PREPARATION
8.1. General
The site preparation shall guarantee safe and efficient all-weather access and working
conditions and trafficability for men and machinery.
Site preparation works need to be carried out before the main construction activities can
begin, including rough grading to form a suitable working platform and ground improvement
to mitigate the hazard of soil collapsibility. In particular, ground improvement by soil
substitution shall be carried out as part of and at the same time as the earthworks for rough
grading, in accordance with the requirements specified herein. In part or all of the site
ground improvement may be carried out by dynamic compaction as described and in
accordance with the requirements detailed in this specification, in which case the scope of
the earthworks will be reduced accordingly, as described herein.
8.2. Field laboratory
A licensed soil testing firm approved by OWNER/ CONTRACTOR will be commissioned by

SUBCONTRACTOR to be responsible for control testing. The soil testing firm will provide
and operate for the duration of the works a field laboratory with skilled technicians, including
as a minimum the following equipment (or approved equivalent to local standards):
• Modified Proctor Density Test Apparatus (ASTM D 1557)
• Sand-Cone Method Apparatus (ASTM D 1556)
• Set of ASTM Sieves, Balances and Stoves
• Relative Density (ASTM D 4253/4)
• Equipment to perform CBR (California Bearing Ratio) tests (ASTM D4429)

• Equipment to perform plate load tests (ASTM D1195)
The facilities, equipment and staff of the field laboratory will be adequate to permit the timely
performance of the tests detailed in this specification without causing delay to the works.
The field laboratory will obtain, verify, archive and provide to OWNER/CONTRACTOR the
certificates of materials coming from external quarries.

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The field laboratory will be managed and operated in full compliance with a certified or
approved quality assurance scheme. All the instrumentation will be calibrated before the
start of the works and at regular intervals of maximum six (6) months by an independent
organization approved by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
All testing shall be carried out under the direction and responsibility of a qualified
Professional Geologist or Engineer with demonstrable relevant experience. A detailed
Method Statement, including CV of key staff, details and calibration certificates (maximum
6 months old) of equipment and details of testing procedures shall be submitted and
approved before start of activities
8.3. Working platform
The area of future Plant will be comprising of various working platforms at different
elevations, designed to accommodate the Process Units while adapting to the natural
conformation of the site.
Each working platform will be formed by SUBCONTRACTOR by cut and fill and/or any other
soil stabilization work as detailed herein.
In order to allow all weather trafficability, the excavation surface shall be covered with well
compacted protection layer of granular material. This stratum shall be minimum 400mm
thick, composed by 200 mm of A3 material underlying 200 mm of A1 modified material. The
layers shall be compacted not less than 95% of the maximum dry density as per modified
proctor test, with maximum 5 times fines passing sieve n° 200.
Execution of laboratory tests for any materials to be used in order to establish max density
as per AASHTO Standard T 180 (ASTM D1557). All test to be executed as detailed in
Control testing chapter of this specification. The working platform will also constitute a
suitable protection for the soil exposed by the excavation that will be used as foundation
base. No free water shall be discharged on working platforms.
In case excavated soil is suitable according to the description above, it can be used as
working platform material.
It shall be the responsibility of the SUBCONTRACTOR for the full duration of operations to
regularly inspect the working platform and to carry out all maintenance works, as necessary
to guarantee the safe and efficient transit and operation of construction plant and equipment
in the areas where treatment is to be carried out, including but not limited all measures
necessary for the mitigation of dust/sand blowing.

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8.4. Water used in the works
Water used in the Works shall be from a source previously approved by

OWNER/CONTRACTOR and compliant with applicable environmental standards for
groundwater. No groundwater abstraction will be permitted within or near the site.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible to obtain all permits and to pay all costs, fees,
royalties, dues and the like and shall indemnify and hold harmless the
OWNER/CONTRACTOR for any claims from third parties in connection with supply, use
and discharge of water, including waste and/or contaminated water, as required to perform
the Works.
8.5. Preliminary earthworks trials
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out at his own expense at the site of the Works preliminary
trials to demonstrate that the equipment, methods and materials used are suitable to
complete the Works in accordance with Specification requirements, with particular
reference to determining/confirming suitable operating procedures and operating
parameters as necessary to obtain specified/design performance.
At the discretion of SUBCONTRACTOR, preliminary trials may be carried out within

production areas to be agreed with OWNER/CONTRACTOR, whereas, unless satisfactory
results are confirmed by construction monitoring and by control tests, the
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out at his own care and expense any such additional works
as may be required for complete and satisfactory improvement or replacement of the
preliminary trial area in accordance with the Specification.
Preliminary trials shall be carried out in accordance with detailed method statements to be
approved by OWNER/CONTRACTOR before the start of the trials.
All preliminary trials of compaction will include a minimum of three test areas where the
work is carried out with different intensities.
Each test area will be of sufficient plan area to allow a complete and realistic simulation of
the proposed working methods.
The preliminary trials will be evaluated by the SUBCONTRACTOR, from the point of view
of confirming the proposed working method. The SUBCONTRACTOR’s evaluation report
will be subject to approval by OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The criteria for evaluation will be
the repeatability, reliability and efficacy of the preset operating parameters.

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8.6. Permanent and Temporary fence and gates
Security fence surrounding plant limit, OWNER's property or industrial areas shall be
designed according to project requirements and/or local regulations.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall install without delay at the start of site operations permanent and
temporary fence and gates at the location shown on the contract drawings.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall perform erection works for fencing and gates according to
standard drawings. As a general rule, all perimeter of areas undergoing Site-Preparation
works shall be delimited with a Temporary fence, unless permanent fencing is existing or
foreseen.
Excavations for fence foundations shall have the minimum dimensions necessary to allow
construction. On completion, excavations shall be backfilled without delay with well
compacted moistened soil.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall regularly inspect and make good without delay any defects to the
fence and gates, foundations, and backfill, including possible localized erosion around the
foundations.
8.7. Site clearance
Grubbing
Within the whole plant area where site preparation is to be carried out, as shown on the
drawings, the ground shall be cleared and grubbed of all rubbish and all other foreign
material. This operation shall be carried out minimizing as far as possible the disturbance
to the existing vegetation.
Materials arising from clearing operations shall be removed from the site to designated
approved disposal site, where they shall be disposed of in accordance with current
legislation.
Where scraping of topsoil is foreseen, bushes and shrubs shall be removed, shredded to
chips maximum few centimeters long and spread widely over the soil to be removed. Grass
and other low, soft vegetation will be left in place.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall prevent all damage to vegetation outside the designated areas,
making good any accidental damage at own cost to the satisfaction of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR and competent authorities, if applicable
No open fires shall be permitted at the site.

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Scrubbing
Scrubbing shall be carried out in all the areas where site preparation is to be carried out, as
shown on the drawings.
Scraping consists of the excavation throughout the designated areas of the first layer of
topsoil, soil containing organic matter (>5% by weight), loose sand/silt for removal and
disposal of all roots, waste and other unsuitable material to a depth beneath the existing
ground surface as shown on the drawings or as directed by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR,
but in any case, not less than 150 mm.
Before scraping is carried out, the surface shall be loosened by ripping and disking in order
to break up any crust that may have formed. Fertilizer may be added to the surface before
scraping to maximize mixing during subsequent operations, if required in the detailed design
of the rehabilitation and/or at the instruction of OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Topsoil suitable for final landscaping will be stored in a loose state in dedicated stockpiles
at site, maximum 1.5 m high, located as directed by OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The
maximum height of stockpile may be increased to 2.5 m, subject to approval of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR, if the topsoil is stockpiled for less than 18 months.
Where it complies with the requirements specified below for filling, soil arising from scraping
operations may be reused in the works provided it is free from foreign and/or organic matter.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall handle and stockpile as directed any materials arising from site
clearance operations that OWNER/CONTRACTOR instructs to salvage.
Unsuitable material and material with foreign matter shall be disposed of outside the site in
accordance with current legislation. All transport and disposal shall be carried out within a
system of full traceability and accountability (chain of custody to final disposal; certificates
of final disposal at authorized site).
8.8. Excavation
Excavation shall be carried out with adequate methods so that the final lines, grades and
dimensions conform to those shown on the drawings or as directed by the
OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The lines, grades and dimensions of the excavations may be
changed by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR during the progress of the works from those
shown on the drawings.
Unless otherwise specified, general excavation in the designated areas shall be taken to
the rough grading level shown on the Drawings.

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All necessary precautions shall be taken to minimize disturbance to material lying under
and adjacent to the excavation final lines. Excess excavation shall be made good by the
SUBCONTRACTOR at his own cost with materials and methods as specified below for
general filling.
Excavation will be carried out in a well-organized and controlled manner, by any suitable
means at the discretion of the SUBCONTRACTOR, subject to the limitations specified
below:
1) The last 0.5m thick layer of material to be excavated will be removed by excavator,
working in such manner as to minimize disturbance to the material below the base of
the excavation. More precisely, all plant and equipment, including but not limited to
excavator, lorries and service vehicles will be positioned on the material to be
excavated. No traffic will be allowed on the final excavated surface, except compaction
equipment as expressly provided below.
2) Where different elevations are shown on the drawings for the base of the excavation in
adjacent areas, these will be connected by a slope of 2 vertical to 3 horizontal having
the toe at the nominal boundary between the two areas unless otherwise indicated in
IFC drawings.
Once top soil is removed and disposed the following material, described in chapter 3, can
be encountered during site preparation excavation:
o Unit 1: very dense, fine to coarse sandy gravel and gravelly sand, traces of silt,
calcareous, yellow-brown. The thickness of this layer ranges from a minimum of
about 2-3 to a maximum of 13-14 m.
Based on the characteristics of this unit, excavated material may be classified
generally as A1, A3 and A2, according to the AASHTO classification. However, it
cannot be excluded that locally some levels with fine content greater than 35% (A4,
A5, … materials) are present.
This material, once selected, is suitable for filling works.
o Unit 2: hard clay with different percentage of silt and silty clay with sand, locally
traces of gravel, calcareous brown, medium to high plasticity. This unit is classified
as medium to highly potentially swelling when wetted. This unit has been generally
encountered below Unit 1. The unit is generally interbedded with the sands and silty
sands of Unit 3.
This material is unsuitable to be reused as backfill material and shall be properly
disposed after excavation.

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Where it complies with the requirements specified below for filling, material arising from Unit
1 excavation may be reused in the works. Excess suitable material will be stored of outside
the site or placed in temporary stockpiles as directed by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Excavated material unsuitable for filling shall be permanently disposed of as directed by

OWNER/CONTRACTOR. Material for off site disposal shall be removed to an approved
disposal site in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations. All transport and
disposal shall be carried out within a system of full traceability and accountability (chain of
custody to final disposal; certificates of final disposal at authorized site).
Unless directly pushed to or deposited in areas of filling, excavated material suitable for
reuse in the works shall be loaded on trucks and transported to a temporary stockpile within
the site boundaries, as shown on the Drawings or as specified by OWNER/CONTRACTOR,
for later use in the Works.
No excavated material will be removed from the site without prior written consent of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Groundwater is not foreseen to be encountered in excavations. Due to the low precipitations

expected at the site, the water to be controlled mostly comes from the site preparation
activities; it is recommended to foresee countermeasures during construction to manage
the possible presence of these temporary shallower groundwater tables, in particular with
reference to the excavations for foundations and undergrounds.
Excavation and temporary drainage shall be arranged in such manner as appropriate to

keep the works at all times free from surface runoff and ponding of surface water and to
prevent localized erosion.
Excavation areas will be fenced off and no traffic will be allowed on finished excavation
surfaces other than for proof compaction as specified below.
8.9. Proof compaction
On completion of scraping or excavation, all areas shall be proof compacted by not less
than 6 low speed passes of vibrating roller, plus minimum 2 additional passes without
vibration of heavy vibrating roller (minimum 4300 kg per linear meter – minimum 12 t overall
mass). Smooth drum or sheep-foot rollers will be used as best suited to the ground
conditions encountered.
One or more additional preliminary passes without vibration will be carried out before
compaction with vibration as necessary if the soil is so loose or soft that full compaction
cannot be applied immediately.

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The static mass of rollers employed in the works shall be proven by data sheets of the
equipment to be supplied to OWNER/CONTRACTOR for approval before the start of the
Work. Without limitation to the above, OWNER/CONTRACTOR may request at no extra
charge that the static weight of rollers be confirmed by calibration at approved weight-
bridge.
Rollers shall be operated at the minimum travel speed recommended by the manufacturers
and in any case not faster than 2.5 km/hour. Rollers will be operated with vibration at
maximum setting at all times except as provided elsewhere.
Without limitation to the generality of the above, following proof compaction the in situ dry
density of the top 300mm of compacted material shall be not less than 95% of the Maximum
Dry Density as determined in Modified Proctor Tests (ASTM D1577).
Testing frequency is 1 in situ density test (ASTM D1556 or ASTM D2167) every 1000m2
and 1 Modified Proctor Tests (ASTM D1577) every 5000m2 of compacted surface.
Water addition and further compaction beyond that specified above shall be carried out as
necessary to satisfy this provision.
8.10. Back-fills and Embankments
General requirements
Filling shall be carried out with adequate methods so that the final lines, grades and
dimensions conform to those shown on the drawings or as directed by the
OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The lines, grades and dimensions of filling may be changed by
the OWNER/CONTRACTOR during the progress of the works from those shown on the
drawings. Unless otherwise specified or shown on the drawings, filling in the designated
areas shall be carried out below foundations, as part of site preparation, before hand over
of the area for general construction.
In areas where rapid and or dynamic compaction is foreseen, filling shall be carried out
timely to final rough grading level or as otherwise shown on the drawings to allow dynamic
compaction to be carried out without delay.
Materials
Fill material shall be free of any organic matter and any foreign matter and it shall comply
with Class A1, A3, A2-4, A2-5 and A4 of the AASHTO Classification (see Table below). It
shall consist of hard durable particles not susceptible to crushing as a result of compaction
and/or operating conditions. Maximum particle size shall be 100 mm.

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Major excavations are expected to involve material of Unit 1. Based on the characteristics
of this unit, excavated material may be classified generally as A1, A3 and A2, according to
the AASHTO classification. However, it cannot be excluded that locally some levels with
fine content greater than 35% (A4, A5, … materials) are present, in accordance with Doc.
079254C-0000-JSD-1410-001 - Geotechnical recommendations for earthmoving and
foundation.
With reference to typical requirements for earthworks, the reuse of materials arising from
excavation within Unit 1 is considered generally possible. As anticipated, the recorded slight
sensitivity to changes in moisture content may cause difficulties to achieve adequate levels
of compaction of this material during earthworks. Adequate compaction tests shall be
carried out on excavated material to check this issue.
In case excavations involve material of Unit 2, this material shall not be reused for backfilling
purpose, but shall be properly disposed off-site.
If available from excavations, material type A1, A2-4 and A2-5 shall be set aside and used
for the final layer, providing protection against erosion by wind and/or surface runoff and
providing good trafficability by construction equipment.
The supply and handling of material shall be arranged so as to prevent delays or stoppages
due to lack of suitable material at the work area. Temporary stockpiles shall be managed in
a tidy manner and shall be located as directed by OWNER/CONTRACTOR to suit the
progress of the works.
ASSHTO classification table

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Spreading
Fill shall be spread in uniform homogeneous layers, with maximum un-compacted thickness
300mm, provided always that the compaction requirements specified below are met. Care
shall be taken to arrange delivery, spreading and compaction in such manner that
construction traffic does not cause damage to completed areas, any such damage to be
repaired by SUBCONTRACTOR at own cost. Each layer shall be carefully levelled by
grader before compaction.
No fill material shall be placed unless the OWNER/CONTRACTOR has previously approved
the compaction of surfaces or lower fill layers to be covered. Material placed in
contravention of this provision shall be removed at the SUBCONTRACTOR’s expense.
No contaminated or otherwise rejected fill material shall be incorporated into the works.
Segregated fill shall be removed or remixed in situ by harrowing and reworking by grader
or other method to the approval of the OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Construction traffic will be directed so as to minimize traffic and to avoid turning where it
may disturb previously compacted areas. Areas disturbed by construction traffic will be
made good at SUBCONTRACTOR's cost with additional compaction to the satisfaction of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Compaction
Each layer of fill shall be compacted by heavy vibrating roller (minimum 4300 kg per linear
meter – minimum 12 t overall mass). The characteristics of the roller, the number of passes
and the layer thickness shall be adequate to ensure that each layer is compacted to not
less than 95% of the Maximum Dry Density as determined in Modified Proctor Tests (not
less than 90% in areas which will subsequently receive dynamic compaction). Smooth drum
or sheep-foot rollers will be used as best suited to the type of fill used.
Modified Proctor tests are not applicable to granular materials having less than 70% of
passing weight at the 19 mm sieve (see ASTM D1557). The above means that it is not
possible, for such materials, to verify the effectiveness of the compaction during the
construction activities by means of in situ dry density tests (being missing the reference
control value of the Modified Proctor test). Should be passing at 19mm sieve less than 70%
then the QA/QC control tests shall consist in the verification of the correct application of the
compaction procedures which effectiveness shall be previously studied and defined in
devoted preliminary compaction trial fields.
The water content of each layer at the time of compaction shall be within a range ± 2% of
optimum moisture content (from Modified Proctor tests on a representative sample). The
soil will be scarified and aired or wetted as necessary.

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The roller shall be operated in a systematic manner in parallel strips with each strip
overlapping the previous by not less than one third the width of the strip.
During compaction, rollers shall be operated at the speed and with the settings as
recommended by the manufacturer.
On completion of the required number of passes, two additional passes will be made without
vibration.
Compaction activities shall be controlled by a competent foreman who shall be responsible

for compiling a daily rolling sheet to be issued in duplicate to the OWNER/CONTRACTOR
not later than the following calendar day. This rolling sheet shall show the date, starting time
of rolling, area rolled, offset and level, volume of fill compacted, and control tests carried
out, with coordinates and elevations.
Control testing
The following control tests will be carried out by the SUBCONTRACTOR at locations to be
determined at the discretion of OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The results will be submitted to
OWNER/CONTRACTOR for approval.
1) Pre-qualification of quarries and/or stockpile, consisting of: arrangements for loading

and transport, grading of material from quarry or stockpile, Modified Proctor tests,
chemical analysis of organic content. Tests may be repeated at later time(s) at
discretion of OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
2) On delivery to area of utilization: visual inspection of all loads; grading curve (1 every
1.000 m3). Modified Proctor test (ASTM D1577 - 1 every 5.000 m3).
3) Levels: before spreading and after compaction of each layer, minimum 40 points per
hectare, preferably on a fixed, repeatable grid.
4) Compaction: inspection of construction records, stating date/time of start and finish of

compaction in each area, equipment used (identified by serial no. or site ID), number
and type of passes, water; visual inspection of compacted area; in situ density tests
after compaction (set of 3 tests by 6” or 10” sand cone method - ASTM D1556 or ASTM
D2167 - every 2.500 m2 for each compacted layer), comparison with maximum dry
density from Modified Proctor tests. A higher frequency of testing may be ordered by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR in small fill areas. At least three density tests must be
performed on every lift of fill in each subarea and further placement shall not be allowed
until the required density is achieved. The number of tests shall be increased if a visual
inspection determines that the moisture content is not uniform or if the compacting effort

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is variable and not considered sufficient to obtain the specified density. All tests must
be done to the satisfaction of OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
5) Plate load tests with 450 mm diameter rigid circular plate, at stress increments of 0, 30,
0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 300, 150, 50, 150, 300, 450, 300, 150 &
0 kPa. For each stress inclement, settlement shall be recorded with three settlement
gauges at 30s, 1min, 2min, 4min, 8min & 16min. One plate load test shall be carried
out every 5.000 m2 for each compacted lift. A higher frequency of testing may be
ordered by OWNER/CONTRACTOR in small fill areas. The results of the plate load
tests will be informative only, unless otherwise directed by OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
Indicatively, acceptable values in terms of Modulus of compressibility measured
between 150 and 250 kPa of net applied load shall not be less than 40 MPa for fill and
60 MPa for road subgrade (tests without inundation). In case of significantly lower
results, OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves the right to request modifications to the
compaction procedure to bring the test results in line with expected behaviour.
OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves the right to instruct SUBCONTRACTOR to perform
plate load tests with different stress increments up to 450 kPa and/or with inundation
of the test area/pit, for information.
For materials with a significant fraction of particles retained on the 20 mm sieve, the results
of In Place Density and Modified Proctor tests will be corrected for stone content in
accordance with standard procedures to the approval of OWNER/CONTRACTOR. For
materials with gradings not amenable to carrying out Modified Proctor test (fraction retained
on 20 mm sieve > 30%), In Place Density tests may be omitted, in which case the minimum
value of Plate Modulus (40 MPa) will become a mandatory requirement.
The frequency of In Place Density and Moisture Content tests defined above refer to areas
formed under strict construction control using materials and construction procedures proven
by approved preliminary trials. In the absence of such trials and/or in case of variations in
the materials used, the frequency of testing will be doubled until, at the sole discretion of
the OWNER/CONTRACTOR, sufficient experience has been obtained to allow construction
to proceed with confidence.
Technical records
For the purposes of testing, submissions approvals and record keeping, the works area will
be subdivided in sub-areas of maximum 5.000 m2. Each subarea shall be identified by a
unique code.
The thickness of each compacted layer in each subarea shall be checked and recorded by
repeated topographical survey with measurements on regular grids minimum 40 points per

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hectare. The use of automatic control and recording systems based on GPS and laser
levelling technology is strongly encouraged.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall compile a general Compaction Record Book as detailed

below and a Compaction Summary for each subarea.
The general Compaction Record Book shall be compiled each day and a copy presented
to OWNER/CONTRACTOR for verification and information within 11.00 hrs the next day.
The general Compaction Record Book shall include the following records (separately for
each set of equipment used):
a) The date on which any compaction was carried out.
b) The area and section on which the compaction was carried out.
c) The lane on which the compaction was carried out.
d) The number of passes at which the compaction on those lanes commenced and
ended on that day – inclusive (e.g. 4-8).
e) The number of passes carried out on that day on that lane (e.g. 4).
f) The width of the area being compacted.
g) The length of the area being compacted.
h) The square meter passes compacted on that day (i.e. the area compacted x the
number of passes).
i) Results of topographical surveys – settlement records.
j) Control tests carried out.
The Compaction Summary shall be compiled separately for each subarea and for each
layer and it shall be presented to OWNER/CONTRACTOR for verification and approval
within 1 week of completion of (filling and) compaction. The Compaction Summary shall
include details of the dates of compaction, area compacted, levels, volume of fill compacted
(if any) and summary and certificates of control tests carried out, with co-ordinates and
elevations. The use of automatic control and recording systems based on accelerometers
and GPS technology is strongly encouraged.

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8.11. Dynamic compaction
Description and phasing
Unless directed or approved otherwise, Dynamic Compaction shall be carried out as follows
in three main phases, plus a final “ironing” phase. Each main phase may need to be
subdivided in separate passes to allow pore pressure dissipation to prevent excessive
heave between grid points. Subdivision in separate passes may also be required to enable
filling of craters, if their depth becomes excessive before the specified number of blows is
struck. SUBCONTRACTOR shall endeavor to safeguard existing instrumentation as far as
practical.
1) Inspection, acceptance and maintenance of working platform;
2) Carry out reference survey of ground levels, on a 10 x 10m grid and setting out;
3) Carry out full scale operational testing of each set of equipment, including calibration of
drop height and verification of correct operation of automatic data logger and control;
4) Carry out DC in three main phases as set out below with 5000 kJ/blow (in case DC is
carried out from level of rough grading) or 3000 kJ/blow (in case DC is carried out from
2 m below design TOP level). In the first case, a 20t tamper dropped from 25m shall be
used for the two initial phases of DC and a 15 t tamper dropped from minimum 20m
shall be used for the third phase. In the second case, a 15 t tamper dropped from
minimum 20m shall be used for all phases. The tampers shall have a flat bottom and
contact pressure, i.e.: weight divided by area shall be in the range 60 – 80 kN/m2;
5) Phase 1 will consist of 15 blows at each point, on a 10x10m square grid;
6) Phase 2 will consist of 15 blows at each point, on a 10x10m square grid offset diagonally
so that grid points are at the centre of the squares defined by the phase 1 grid;
7) Phase 3 will consist of 15 blows at each point, on a 7.1 x 7.1 m square grid, offset and
turned 45° so that grid points are midway between the Phase 1 and Phase 2 grid points;
8) Each Phase will be subdivided in two separate passes as required if the depth of
penetration of the tamper exceed 1.5 m and/or ground heave is observed before the full
set of blows in each Phase or pass is struck;
9) After each phase or pass fill in craters by levelling off the site with dozers and graders
(preferred option) or by placing additional fill in the craters. Record volume of fill added,
if any;

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10) After each phase or pass repeat survey of ground levels, on a 10 x 10m grid and setting
out and report change in average elevation since start of DC and since start of previous
pass;
11) On completion of all phases, carry out final “ironing” over the whole treated area with
overlapping blows. A 12t tamper dropped from 5m shall be used for the final ironing
pass. The tamper shall have a flat bottom and contact pressure in the range 15 – 25
kN/m2. Two blows shall be struck at each position. Adjacent positions shall overlap by
minimum 30cm;
12) On completion, fill to final design level in accordance with the technical specification for
Site Preparation.
Equipment
SUBCONTRACTOR shall ensure that all equipment employed on the project is in good
working order and suitable for the work to be carried out.
For all main items of equipment (cranes, probes…) SUBCONTRACTOR shall supply to
OWNER/CONTRACTOR all relevant equipment details (serial number, key parameters,
etc.). All subsequent documentation and certificates shall be related to the serial number of
the equipment.
The use of automatic data recording systems for the key operating parameters is
mandatory. Details of SUBCONTRACTOR’s proposals to this effect will be provided with
the Method Statement. The measured information will be displayed to the operator as
feedback of the work carried out. Printed out copies of this information countersigned for
acceptance by SUBCONTRACTOR’s QC representative or other delegated person will be
submitted to OWNER/CONTRACTOR within 24 hours of end of shift as part of the daily
reporting.
All instrumentation and data acquisition system will be carefully calibrated to the satisfaction
of OWNER/CONTRACTOR before the equipment is allowed to operate in the works and at
regular intervals, for example after any major maintenance and in any case every 3 months.
Without limitation to the obligation of SUBCONTRACTOR to mobilize equipment capable

of satisfying the requirements detailed in this specification, at least 50% of the cranes
mobilized shall be capable of delivering impacts of nominal potential energy equal to 120%
of the specified energy, or higher.
Each crane used for dynamic compaction work shall be equipped with an automatic data
recording unit which will record as a minimum the following:

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• Reference no. of treatment point
• Date
• Start and end time of treatment
• Drop height
• Weight of tamper
• Number of drops
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out his own preliminary tests and calibrations on each
set of equipment before submitting it to formal tests and calibration as detailed below. The
program of preliminary tests on the equipment shall include all inspections and tests
required by the HSE plan and by local regulations for plant operation.
Formal preliminary tests will be carried out in the presence of OWNER/CONTRACTOR on

each set of equipment, to verify calibration of all instrumentation used for controlling and
recording operations; such tests shall be carried out before each machine enters full
production, after major maintenance which takes the machine off the production line and at
regular intervals at the request of OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The calibrations to be carried
out include.
• Time: chronometer calibration at site
• Drop height: topographical survey calibration at site
• No. of drops: manual count calibration at site
• Weight lifted: test lift with known load calibration at site
• Weight of pounders: weighbridge certificate
In the event that the automated data recording unit malfunctions, work will be suspended
until the fault is rectified. All work carried out without automatic records will be rejected and
it will have to be repeated at SUBCONTRACTOR’s responsibility.
Materials
Material used to backfill craters formed by Dynamic Compaction and associated control
testing shall conform with the requirements specified in chapter 8.10 of this specification.

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Tolerances
The center of the tamper shall impact the ground within 500 mm of the nominal position
shown in the detailed construction drawings. Every effort will be made to ensure that on
subsequent blows the tamper is dropped as closely and as accurately as possible into the
depression formed by preceding impacts.
Preliminary DC trials
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out at his own expense at the site of the Works preliminary
trials to demonstrate that the equipment, methods and materials used are suitable to
complete the Works in accordance with Specification requirements, with particular
reference to determining/confirming suitable operating procedures and operating
parameters as necessary to obtain specified/design performance.
At the discretion of SUBCONTRACTOR, preliminary trials may be carried out within

production areas to be agreed with OWNER/CONTRACTOR, whereas, unless satisfactory
results are confirmed by construction monitoring and by control tests, the
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out at his own care and expense any such additional works
as may be required for complete and satisfactory improvement or replacement of the
preliminary trial area in accordance with the Specification.
Preliminary trials shall be carried out in accordance with detailed method statements to be
approved by OWNER/CONTRACTOR before the start of the trials.
All preliminary trials of compaction will include a minimum of three test areas where the
work is carried out with different intensities.
Each test area will be of sufficient plan area to allow a complete and realistic simulation of
the proposed working methods.
The preliminary trials will be evaluated by the SUBCONTRACTOR, from the point of view
of confirming the proposed working method. The SUBCONTRACTOR’s evaluation report
will be subject to approval by OWNER/CONTRACTOR. The criteria for evaluation will be
the repeatability, reliability and efficacy of the preset operating parameters.
Unless more extensive trials and tests are considered necessary by the
SUBCONTRACTOR, the following program shall be carried out for each preliminary trial.
In each area designated for preliminary trials, pre-trial soil testing shall be carried out
consisting of two boreholes with SPT tests and sampling at 1 m vertical intervals to 15 m
depth below the design level of rough grading; one boreholes shall be equipped with an
open standpipe piezometer for the whole length, for regular monitoring during the test (even

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if normally found dry). Grading tests shall be carried out by sieve analysis on representative
samples; for samples with more than 15% total fines (silt + clay) content, if any, grading
tests shall be carried out also by hydrometer, together with determinations of moisture
content and Atterberg’s limits. Part or all of these control tests can be omitted if the
preliminary trial is carried out near previously carried out investigation points.
The preliminary trial will be carried out in phases, in the same way as the main works. In
the first phase a minimum of 5 x 4 = 20 points will be treated, on a regular grid. The boundary
of the Phase 1 grid will be considered the nominal boundary of the trial area, within which
subsequent phases of treatment and control tests will be carried out. A possible layout is
shown below, to be confirmed or modified by SUBCONTRACTOR in accordance with his
experience and proposals.
For all phases and for all treatment points, the penetration of the tamper below the original
level of the working platform at the start of the phase will be measured for each blow and
reported, both as raw data and as graphs of penetration vs. blow count.
For all phases and for all treatment points, the diameter and the depth of the crater will be
measured after removal of the tamper after the final blow and reported.
For all phases and for at least 25% of treatment points, ground heave will be measured by
taking elevation readings on pins embedded in the ground at various distance from the
crater to determine the volume of ground heave in relation to the incremental volume
increase in the crater.

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Typical Layout of Preliminary Dynamic Compaction Trial
(Notes: “Ironing” and pre-treatment and control tests not shown)
The procedure, method, equipment and materials used for levelling the trial area after each
phase of treatment (be it by filling the craters with imported fill or with material from the
working platform itself) shall be the same as will be used for the main works. Whatever
method is used, measurements will be taken of the volumes used and/or of the changes in
level so that it is possible to evaluate the effect of each phase of treatment in terms of
average “effective” settlement of the trial area.
The preliminary trial will include final ironing carried out using a lighter tamper on a
contiguous or even overlapping grid with the same procedures and equipment as will be
used for the main works. The adequacy of the ironing procedure will be evaluated in terms
of the homogeneity and compaction of the finished surface as determined from visual
inspection. OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves to instruct and in such case
SUBCONTRACTOR shall execute shallow trial pits, in situ density tests and/or plate load
tests (with or without inundation) to confirm the homogeneity and compaction of the treated
ground surface and to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic compaction to mitigate
collapsibility.
After such time as deemed appropriate by the SUBCONTRACTOR, but in any case not
more than 4 weeks after completion of the preliminary trial, the investigation shall be
repeated as above, including the laboratory tests. The location of the borehole and of the
CPT tests will be as shown in the approved Method Statement at locations not directly
affected by impacts.
The preliminary trials will be evaluated by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR, from the point of
view of confirming that the proposed equipment, phasing, spacing and operating
parameters are adequate to guarantee achieving the stated objectives. The criteria for
evaluation will be:
• Repeatability and reliability of pre-set operating parameters

• Effect of dynamic compaction on the deposits (effective depth of treatment; achievement

of target performance)
Production and production control
The operating parameters (combination of weight of pounders, height of drops, grid spacing,
number of blows at each treatment point, phases, etc.), used for main works treatment shall
be those applied and confirmed in satisfactory preliminary trials. They shall be certified by
SUBCONTRACTOR for each point of treatment as specified above.

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For all phases of main works and for all treatment points, the depth of the crater will be
evaluated by the SUBCONTRACTOR as the work progresses; if any of the conditions
detailed below occur, the application of energy shall be interrupted, the crater filled and the
ground levelled before resuming tamping to reach the number of drops specified in the
approved Method Statement:
• the depth of the crater becomes more than 0.3 m greater than the height of the tamper;
• the depth of the crater becomes greater than 1.5 m;
For all phases of main works and for minimum 5% of treatment points, the depth of the
crater at the end of tamping will be measured and reported; for all other treatment points,
the depth of the crater at the end of tamping will be estimated visually and reported.
For all phases of main works and for at least 5% of treatment points, ground heave will be
measured as detailed above for the preliminary trials. If significant ground heave is
observed, OWNER/CONTRACTOR will be notified without delay and the number of
treatment points for which readings of ground heave are made will be increased as
appropriate, up to a maximum of 25%.
Following each phase of treatment, the treated area shall be levelled by filling the craters
with material from the working platform itself (preferred option) and/or imported fill and the
surface shall be rolled as necessary to smooth the surface of the working platform ready for
the next pass as well as to correctly measure ground surface elevations. If imported fill is
added, the type and quantity shall be recorded and reported (separately for each treatment
point in preliminary trials, on aggregate in the work area for main works).
The change in ground level before and after each phase of treatment is carried out in each
work area shall be recorded and reported. In particular, the settlement of each subarea shall
be checked and recorded by repeated topographical survey with measurements on regular
grids maximum 10 m x 10 m spacing (5 m x 5 m in preliminary trials).
In all cases, significant deviations from standard operating parameters, for example
excessive settlement or ground heave, etc. will be notified to OWNER without delay and
promptly investigated, with particular reference to defining what corrective actions, if any,
may be necessary
After completion of the main phases of treatment, the surface layers, typically disturbed by
the high energy impacts and by the filling and levelling of craters shall be compacted by a
continuous tamping or “ironing” pass with low energy impacts on a overlapping grid with
the same procedures and equipment as proven in the preliminary trial to give a uniform,
homogeneous compacted finished surface, as determined from visual inspection.

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OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves to instruct and in such case SUBCONTRACTOR shall

execute shallow trial pits, in situ density tests and/or plate load tests with or without
inundation to confirm the homogeneity and compaction of the treated ground surface and
to evaluate the effectiveness of the dynamic compaction to mitigate collapsibility.
The daily record of tamping must include, for each point of treatment, for each phase:
• Unique code of treatment point
• Unique code of work area
• Phase
• Rig Number
• Tamper weight and type
• Operator
• Time start; time finish
• Nominal (and actual, if different) height of drop
• Nominal (and actual, if different) number of drops
• Depth of crater at end of tamping (measured on minimum 5% of treatment points,

estimated for other points)
• Heave observations (measured on minimum 5% of treatment points, estimated for other

points)
• Causes and duration of delays
• Weather conditions
• Notes/comments/observations
• Conforming (Y/N)
• Proposed corrective action (if not conforming)
• Copy of automatic records of operating parameters

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An Area Summary shall be compiled separately for each work area and submitted to
OWNER within 7 days of completion of treatment and levelling at the end of each phase for
verification and approval. The area summary shall include the following details.
• Unique code of work area
• Unique reference code of relevant pre-treatment tests in work area
• Unique reference to applicable approved method statement
• Brief description of special works carried out in the area, if any (such as modification to
working platform, removal of obstructions, replacement of hard layers, etc)
• Phase
• Start and end date/time of phase in the area
• Delay from previous phase in same area
• Statistics on depth of craters in the area (from daily reports)
• Statistics on ground heave in the area (from daily reports)
• Type and volume of fill used to backfill craters
• Level of working platform before the start of the treatment work
• Level of working platform before the start of the phase
• Level of working platform after completion of levelling
• Records of groundwater measurements
• Records of vibration monitoring, if applicable

• Conforming (Y/N)
• Proposed corrective action (if not conforming)
After such time as deemed appropriate by the SUBCONTRACTOR but in any case, not
more than 4 weeks after completion of treatment, the following control tests shall be carried
out:

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• boreholes with SPT tests at 1 m intervals (one borehole every 2500 m2 of treated area);
• plate load tests (600 mm plate) at base of pit 3.0 m below design TOP level, with 12
hours inundation at applied pressure of 200 kPa (one test every 2500 m2 of treated
area);
The results of the control tests will be appended to the relevant Area Summary and
transmitted to OWNER/CONTRACTOR within 48 hours of completing the test, for
information. The possible causes of lower SPT values or higher residual collapsibility than
anticipated will be evaluated by OWNER/CONTRACTOR on a case by case basis, also
taking into account the results of the field trials. OWNER/CONTRACTOR reserves the right
at its sole discretion to accept the results or to instruct SUBCONTRACTOR to carry out
corrective action, which corrective actions shall be implemented without delay.
At the end of the soil improvement works, SUBCONTRACTOR shall issue a Final Project
Report including a detailed summary of the work carried out, as-built records and drawings,
details and results of the tests carried out. This final report shall be signed by a qualified
professional engineer.
Flying debris
It shall be the responsibility of SUBCONTRACTOR to design and enforce an exclusion zone

around operating plant with respect to the risk of flying debris. It shall be the responsibility
of SUBCONTRACTOR to design and implement at no additional cost to
OWNER/CONTRACTOR any special works or other measures that may be required to
mitigate the risk of flying debris to fixed installations within the exclusion zone.
Obstructions and hard shallow lenses
Obstructions and hard or very dense layers above the loose soil to be treated may limit the
amount of energy transferred to the deeper layers and thus the effectiveness of treatment.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out excavation, soil replacement or other works that may
prove necessary to achieve the required performance. SUBCONTRACTOR is allowed to
carry out such similar works that he deems advantageous for the timely progress of the
works and/or to limit equipment wear and tear, subject always to obtaining advance
approval from OWNER/CONTRACTOR upon submittal of a detailed Method Statement and
carrying out preliminary trials as specified above.
Should excavation, soil replacement or other works be carried out as detailed above,
sufficient additional equipment shall be mobilized and the work shall be organized in such
manner that it does not result in any delay to the works.

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Vibration monitoring and mitigation
Should there be structures within a 50 m radius of where dynamic compaction takes place,
it shall be the responsibility of SUBCONTRACTOR to design and implement a suitable
system for the monitoring of vibrations, to the satisfaction of OWNER/CONTRACTOR, at
no additional cost to OWNER/CONTRACTOR. It is the SUBCONTRACTOR’s responsibility
to ensure that the vibration levels (Peak Particle Velocity (PPV)) are kept below a limit of 25
mm/s.
8.12. Deep in situ compaction
Since material of Unit 1 showed a slightly collapsing behaviour in case of inundation under
loading conditions, it may cause difficulties to achieve adequate levels of compaction during
earthworks in the field, therefore it is recommended to compact this layer with suitable deep
compaction techniques before the placement of any fill above. In particular, Rapid Impact
Compactor (RIC), may be considered applicable at the site, subject to successful full scale
field trials.
Rapid Impact Compactor (RIC) is a dynamic compaction device based on the piling hammer
technology used to compact the soil through controlled impacts. The general idea of this
method is to drop a falling weight from a relatively low height onto a special foot assembly
at a fast rate whereas the foot remains in contact with the ground at all times (Adam &
Paulmichl, 2007).
The RIC derived from the Rapid Runway Compactor, which was originally developed in the
early 90s by BSP International Foundations Limited in conjunction with the British Ministry
of Defence as a means of quickly repairing bomb craters in airfield runways. Subsequent
research by the Building Research Establishment led to the development and design of a
civilian variant mounted an excavator or crawler crane, a modified version of the BSP 357
Hydraulic Hammer.
The RIC consists mainly of three impact components: the impact “foot”, the driving cap and
the hammer with the falling weight. The impact foot is a steel foot with a diameter of 1.5 m.
It remains in contact with the ground all the time. The driving cap connected to the foot
allows articulation. Impact foot, driving cap and falling weight are connected to a hammer
rig, which is mounted onto a 40-48 ton class track-mounted excavator through a universal
boom assembly. The rock-breaking circuits of the excavator are used for the hammer
device. At present four types of the device are available: RIC 5000, RIC 7000, RIC 9000
and RIC 16000, where the number indicates the mass of the falling weight, in kg.

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Rapid Impact Compactor
The drop height of the weight can be adjusted using the in-cab computer up to 1.2 m. The
RIC impacts the soil at a rate of 40-60 blows per minute. Depending on the ram weight, the
maximum energy delivered per blow is 59 to 188 kNm. Although the energy per blow is
small compared to the conventional dynamic compaction, the rapid blow frequency amply
compensates, resulting in a greater power that varies between 2.4 to 11.3 MNm/min. Thus,
a much greater total energy input per unit area of site can be achieved with RIC. Moreover,
the energy transfer of the RIC is far more effective due to its foot that stays in contact with
the ground during the impact sequence
The layout of the impact points is generally based on an arc about the center of rotation of
the compactor carrier (hydraulic excavator or crane). Typically the footprint positions are
approximately at 2 m centres of primary tamping (Figure A) and if necessary secondary
tamping can be carried out at the intermediate locations overlapping the primary points
(Figure B).
Figure A: Typical plan layout of tamping points for first pass

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Figure B: Typical plan layout of tamping points for second pass
The compactors are provided with a monitoring system to record the performance of the
hammer and the rate of ground improvement. The following parameters are automatically
recorded during the compaction process and monitored from the RIC’s cab with an on-
board data acquisition system:
• the blows per footprint
• the depth of penetration, and
• the energy input
The spacing and sequence of impact points and the number of blows per impact point to be
adopted at this site would need to be defined during well controlled preliminary trials
including test footprints formed by driving until the penetration per blow becomes a
negligible amount, e.g. 10 blows for 25 mm (final set), level surveys, penetration tests, plate
load tests.
In favorable soil conditions, the RIC can achieve a depth of effectiveness of between 4.5
and 6.0m. A depth of improvement of 3.0 m was obtained with 7t RIC in collapsible soils
similar to Unit 1 in a project in NW Kazakhstan (Serridge and Synac, 2006). On that project,
the RIC units were operated at maximum power (drop height 1.2 m). Two passes were
made on 1.7 m square offset grids, with 70 blows per print on the first pass and 50 blows
per print on the second pass, resulting in a much larger number of blows and total energy
compared with standard practice.

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8.13. Slopes
Temporary Slopes
Protection for temporary construction slopes may include wire mesh and shotcrete
combined with anchor bolts where required, mortar with wire mesh, grass cover, geotextile
filter, lined ditches, anchor bolts and tendons and perforated pipes for drainage slopes.
The procedure for temporary protection and restoring of slopes should comply with the
follow requirements:
• All temporally drainage systems shall be implemented and function.
• The SUBCONTRACTOR shall ensure the temporary stability for the development of
the works. To this scope, shall use any system stabilization and protection
aforementioned.
• The maximum slope of the excavations shall not exceed angle of 2V 3H or as

indicated in the construction drawing.
• Every three to four meters there shall be a berm of 2m unless differently shown on
the construction drawing.
Permanent Slopes
All permanent fill slopes shall not be steeper than 2 vertical to 3 horizontal or as specified
in the drawings. Slopes will be formed by overfilling and trimming back minimum 300 mm
to ensure adequate compaction to the edge.
As soon as practical, permanent slopes will be protected from erosion by wind or rain as
detailed in the Drawings or as approved by OWNER/CONTRACTOR. SUBCONTRACTOR
shall make good at his own cost any defect or damage in the slopes caused by whatever
reason before the permanent slope protection is in place.
8.14. Temporary Roads and access ramps
Suitable temporary roads shall be laid to provide all-weather access for construction
activities.
Temporary roads are divided into four types:
1) Main Roads: used for main traffic areas, for machine to move all around the plant and
heavy traffic, having minimum width of 8.0 m.

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2) Access ramps: to access main excavation/working platforms, having minimum width of

4.0 m.
3) Service roads, minor traffic road internal to each area.
4) Bypass Roads: which are by-pass of existing OWNER roads and will be built as a
permanent road with bituminous emulsion (rate 1.5 kg/square meter), asphalt concrete
binder thk 7 cm, bituminous emulsion (rate 1.0 kg/square meter) and wearing course
thk 3 cm.
The construction of temporary roads shall be executed according to Doc. 079254C-0000-

STD-1480-00 - Construction Standard for Underground. The provisional road (main, ramps
and service) shall be made by two main layers:
• SUB BASE: Materials of classes A1, A3, A2 of AASHTO placed and compacted in
layers not higher than 30cm and compacted to 90% of Modified Proctor.
• BASE COURSE: Materials of classes A1, A3 of AASHTO placed and compacted in

layers not higher than 20cm and compacted to 95% of Modified Proctor.
OWNER/CONTRACTOR shall provide and implement a Dust Control Procedure to

minimize dust dispersion at site. The temporary roads routes, where possible, should
coincide with the planned permanent routes and are specified in the site preparation
drawings.
Suitable temporary ramps should be laid to provide all-weather access for construction
activities including site preparation as indicated in the construction drawings. Access ramp
shall be built in the same way of main roads unless differently indicated in the construction
drawings.
8.15. Site finishing
Unless otherwise required by project specifications, unpaved areas shall be finished with
graded soil. Nominal slope shall be minimum 0.1 percent.
All unpaved areas shall be cleaned and levelled according to elevations and slopes
indicated on construction area drawings. All the requirements for embankment and
backfilling shall be observed for these works.
8.16. Protection of adjacent structures and existing underground installations
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall be the solely responsible for evaluating the need for design
of and application of measures to prevent damage to adjacent structures or underground

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utilities (e.g. existing underground pipeline), on or off the right-of-way. These measures shall
include, but are not limited to, selection of adequate construction methods and procedures,
monitoring and controlling of the vibrations from construction activities (including placement
of sheet piles, shoring and similar ancillary features), and protecting utilities.
Structures shall be monitored for vertical and horizontal movement in a manner approved
by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR within an accuracy of 0.3 mm. Monitoring of adjacent
structures shall be done by an independent third party working for the SUBCONTRACTOR
and approved by the OWNER/CONTRACTOR. A monitoring plan, including the locations
of measurement points and the frequency of recording measurements shall be submitted
to the OWNER/CONTRACTOR for approval as part of the preconstruction submittal
documents.
Monitoring shall begin with a base-line measurement recorded no more than 10 calendar
days prior to construction start.
In addition to monitoring for movement, the condition of the adjacent structure, before and
after construction, shall be documented in technical reports including by visual inspection,
sketches, photographs, and/or video.
As soon as any movements are detected in adjacent structures or existing underground

utilities, the SUBCONTRACTOR shall stop construction, notify the
OWNER/CONTRACTOR, and take any immediate remedial measures required to prevent
damage to the existing utilities. If revisions to the installation procedures are deemed
necessary, the SUBCONTRACTOR shall submit a revised installation plan for approval by
the CONTRACTOR before resuming work.
8.17. Dump area for excess excavated material
Excess excavated material shall be disposed of in a controlled manner at the permanent

dump area as shown on the drawings and agreed with the OWNER. The same area may
be used also for temporary stockpiling, subject to the same requirements detailed below for
permanent stockpiling. If the dump area is used as a buffer stockpile, the material to be
reclaimed from the stockpile will be excavated from the top of the stockpile in the reverse
order in which material has been stockpiled. Excavation from the sides or toe of the stockpile
is not allowed.
Traffic between the main site preparation area and the dump area shall be directed over
the temporary roads only.

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Before any foreign material is placed in the dump area, the area shall be fenced off to
provide controlled access only, existing services shall be diverted and the area cleared as
detailed in the relevant Clauses of the specification.
Scraping of topsoil in the area designed for dumping shall be carried out progressively only
as required to provide a suitable work front, preventing unnecessary exposure of the
underlying soil to erosion. The scraped topsoil shall be placed in a dedicated, separate
stockpile in accordance with the relevant provisions of the drawings and the Specification.
The Topsoil excavated at Construction Site shall be dumped within the same stockpile.
Before placing it in the dump area, material from excavations shall be checked by visual
inspection and chemical tests as appropriate to verify that it is free from contamination and
that chemicals in the soil respect applicable limits for soil in agricultural and/or recreational
areas.
Material from excavations to be stockpiled in the dump area shall be placed in a controlled
manner in sub-horizontal layers 0.5 to 1.0 m thick, depending on the moisture condition of
the soil and its handling and compaction characteristics. Each layer shall be compacted by
minimum 4 passes of heavy (minimum 12 tonnes) roller and by directing traffic uniformly
over each layer. SUBCONTRACTOR shall make available at the Dump Area a dedicated
roller and a dedicated dozer of suitable size to continuously perform the activities of laying,
spreading and compacting the material, without allowing the excessive accumulation of
mounds.
The top of each layer shall be inclined with a nominal slope of 4 - 5% from the outer face of
the dump area towards the center and towards the hillside, so that any rainwater will not
overflow the slopes of the dump area.
Surface water shall be drained in a controlled manner using surface ditches specifically
prepared for this purpose. One or more settling ponds shall be formed at the outlet of the
drainage ditches to prevent dispersion of significant quantities of soil outside the fenced
area.
The external slope of the dump area shall be formed to the line and level as shown on the
drawings. The surface of the slope shall be loosened by ripping or tillage only just before
covering it with topsoil for final rehabilitation.
In order to minimize the exposure of the final surface to erosion and to minimize handling
of topsoil, in so far as practical in favorable seasons the topsoil being excavated from the
upper portion of the base of the dump area may be placed directly on the finished portion
of the outer slope and vegetation re-established without delay. Only the minimum
agricultural traffic necessary for cultivation will be allowed to travel on the finished slope.

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Final landscaping will include provision for controlled drainage of surface water in such
manner as appropriate to prevent localized erosion.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall make good at his own cost any defect or damage in the slopes
caused by whatever reason before the permanent slope protection is in place and for a
maintenance period of not less than 12 months after completion of the rehabilitation or such
longer time that may be specified in the contract.
8.18. Soil rehabilitation and vegetation
Regarding the areas not directly required for the future plant, detailed information shall be
defined by OWNER/CONTRACTOR. Unless otherwise directed by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR, on completion of the works, all permanent stockpiles, cut and fill
slopes and other general landscape areas not directly required for the future plant shall be
rehabilitated by placing a minimum 300 mm thick cover of topsoil from temporary stockpiles
and by seeding and planting to provide rapid take-up of vegetation.
The topsoil shall be spread loosely by hand or by mechanical means, organizing the work
in such manner that no equipment travels over and compacts previously placed topsoil.
Vegetation consisting of a suitable mix of grass, shrubs and trees shall be used to aid
renaturalization of the rehabilitated areas.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall carry out all necessary soil rehabilitation work to the satisfaction
of OWNER, working in accordance with detailed plans developed by a local, licensed
agronomist and approved by OWNER. These plans shall include recommendations on:
• Soil amendments, fertilizing mulching

• Species to be implemented
• Method of seeding
• Acceptable time interval for seeding
• Maintenance (minimum 12 months).

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9. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
9.1. General
Unsaturated soils encountered in Unit 2 are classified as medium to highly potentially

swelling when wetted and are susceptible to collapse settlement; the presence of collapsible
and/or swelling soils at the site influences significantly the engineering of the project: in case
of wetting, by heavy rain or water leaking out of conduits, the widespread occurrence of
these soils implies a risk of significant total and differential settlements for foundations
placed directly on this material and the hazard to damage pavements, underground services
and drainages.
To reach a significant mitigation of collapse settlement risk, some design principals shall be
implemented with the aim to provide adequate protection of Unit 2 from wetting. Where the
collapsibility is not excessive, it is often sufficient to treat the soil to a depth such that
foundations rest on a bearing layer of sufficient thickness to spread the applied loads and
to prevent excessive localized differential settlement, accepting some residual risk.
To provide from the outset a generalized mitigation of the risks associated with collapsibility
and/or swelling, some recommended design criteria should be:
• reduce water dispersions to prevent underground inundations within the layer of

swelling/collapsible material;
• grading works is designed in such manner that the top of the potentially swelling
material of Unit 2 at not less than 4.5 m below the finished grade (high point of
pavement – H.P.P.). This guarantee a minimum 2 m thickness of non-swelling soil
immediately below the foundations of all main items and items susceptible to
damage in case of significant total or differential settlement.

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None special measures recommended above may be considered fully effective in itself, the
combination of more design criteria contributes to reduce this issue.
9.2. Earthworks Procedure
After clearing the site and scraping the surface, site preparation earthworks shall involve
the following operations:
• where the finished level of site preparation will be lower than the natural ground
level: Excavation, soil improvement through dynamic compaction or soil substitution
on remaining collapsible strata of Unit 1 below rough grade level;
• where the finished level of site preparation will be higher than the natural ground
level: Placement, spreading and compaction of fill in controlled homogeneous
layers.
In accordance to the geotechnical characterization of the site and the topographical survey,
four possible scenarios may occur, depending on h, D and H values where:
- h is the distance from the natural ground level to H.P.P.

- D is the distance from H.P.P. to B.O.F.
- H is the distance from the top of Unit 2 to H.P.P.
CASE 1:
The scenario before site preparation is:
- The finished grade (H.P.P.) is less than 4.5 m higher than the natural ground level
(h < 4.5 m)
- the top of Unit 2 material is located at less than 4.5 m from the design finished grade
(H < 4.5 m).

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In these areas the required operations for site preparation are:
1) excavation of soil up to 4.5 m below H.P.P.; the excavation height is equal

to the difference between H and h
2) replacement with compacted volumetrically stable fill.
CASE 2:
- The finished grade (H.P.P.) is less than 4.5 m higher than the natural ground level
(h< 4.5 m)
- the top of Unit 2 material is located at more than 4.5 m from the design finished
grade (H> 4.5 m).

as described in below images.

ANOPC
Project N°
079254C
Unit
0000

MS 1440
Document Code

001
Serial N°
B
Rev.
Depending on h and D values, in these areas three possible scenarios may occur,
Page
53/62
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For each case the required operations for site preparation are:
SCENARIO CONDITION SITE PREPARATION WORKS
h>D 1) Compaction of existing layer of Unit 1 by suitable

techniques
2a B.O.F. is higher
than the natural 2) Compacted volumetrically stable fill until
ground profile reaching the bottom of foundation B.O.F
3) Excavation of existing soil until reaching the

h<D
bottom of foundation B.O.F
2b B.O.F. is lower 4) Compaction of existing layer of Unit 1 by suitable
than the natural techniques
ground profile
h=D
2c B.O.F. and the 1) Compaction of existing layer of Unit 1 by suitable

natural ground techniques
profile have the
same elevation
CASE 3:
- the finished grade (H.P.P) is more than 4.5 m higher than the natural ground level
(H> 4.5 m).

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1) Compaction of existing layer by suitable techniques;
2) Compacted volumetrically stable fill until reaching the bottom of foundation B.O.F.
CASE 4

1) excavation up to the top of Unit 2 is located at 4.5 m from H.P.P
2) replacement with compacted volumetrically stable fill until reaching of B.O.F.

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The four possible scenarios are shown in the following section.
For more details, reference may be made to Doc. 079254C-0000-DW-1421-002, General

Notes for Site Preparation.
9.3. Water control and drainage system
Preventing inundation of the foundation soil is an essential element of any collapse and/or
swelling mitigation strategy.
Due to the low precipitations expected at the site the water to be controlled mostly comes
from the Construction activity itself, therefore water dispersions within the layer of
swelling/collapsible material shall be limited.

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10. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
Topographic surveys of the Plant area shall be conducted before, during and after the
carrying out of the site preparation works by SUBCONTRACTOR at the presence of
OWNER/CONTRACTOR.
For this purpose, the works area shall be subdivided in 20 m x 20 m grid sub-areas. Each
subarea shall be identified by unique code.
The SUBCONTRACTOR shall perform and report the survey using following co-ordinate
system:
East and North (x,y): rectangular plane coordinates system (UTM & Local projection),
whose origin must be referred to point 0,0, according to Doc. 079254C-0000-MS-1410-001
– Technical Specification for additional topographic survey.
Angle of rotation between the two systems 42°31’02.372’’ shall be indicated in the report
and in all drawings.
Elevation (z): National Vertical Datum. SUBCONTRACTOR shall refer to existing

benchmarks points to locate and/or check the works to be carried out. SUBCONTRACTOR
shall therefore study, locate and determine any required additional network of benchmarks
within the site as required for its own work execution.
All benchmarks shall be duly protected to avoid damages during work implementation.
Topographic surveys and additional necessary benchmarks erection will be carried out at
SUBCONTRACTOR’s care and charge.
The volume of soil excavation and fill in each subarea shall be checked and recorded by
repeated topographical survey with measurements on regular grids minimum 100 points
per hectare.
In particular the surveys to be conducted are:
• After site clearance, to verify all existing conditions and notify to

OWNER/CONTRACTOR any differences with reference to
OWNER/CONTRACTOR’s drawings.
• After completion of the excavation of soil indicated in the drawings, in order to check
the volume of soil excavated.

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• After each, layer of compacted as indicated in the relevant section of the

specification.
SUBCONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the correct setting out of the works. Position
and levels shall be marked by pegs and profile boards bearing unique identification codes
related to the information shown on the drawings. Setting out shall be carried out at least
24 hours in advance of the work being carried out so that it may be checked by
OWNER/CONTRACTOR, if required. The type and size of pegs shall satisfy safety
regulations.
Alternative techniques and procedures for setting out and dimensional control of the works,
for example based on GPS systems, may be used if foreseen in the approved method
statement, after validation with a suitable proving period of overlap with traditional
techniques. Independent checking by OWNER/CONTRACTOR must be feasible at all
times.
Grading shall be accurately executed to elevations shown on drawings. The coordinates of

all points surveyed shall be determined within the following accuracy:
• Horizontal coordinates: < 0.10 meters

• Elevation: < 0.02 meters.

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11. DESCRIPTION OF PRICE LIST ITEMS
The description of items and amendments included in Doc. 079254C-0000-PS-1440-001 -

Description of Price List Items for Site Preparation, Earthworks – Roads & Fencing are
detailed in the following paragraphs. If there is an item not recalled in this document,
reference shall be made to document 1000-PS-1700_REV.4.
As a general rule, this section is mainly intended to describe:
- modified items to the one included in doc. 1000-PS-1700, marked with "M" as a
suffix to the original item code;
- new items relevant to purposely-created descriptions, marked with suffix "N" or with
series number 1491.
The duties described hereinafter, together with those included in the description for each
item, those mentioned in the Subcontract, those indicated in the Technical Specifications,
as well as those that can be deduced from contractual standards, drawings and documents,
shall be analysed and evaluated by the SUBCONTRACTOR, and included in their proposal.
In case of conflict between documents, the most restrictive shall govern.
It is clarified that all the activities, supply or works included in the Civil Works Construction
scope shall comply with the requirements of the relevant CONTRACTOR standards even if
not specifically mentioned in the following price descriptions, or in the Description of Price
List items for Civil Works 1000-00-PS-1700-00_REV.4, therefore the unit prices to be
quoted by SUBCONTRACTOR, shall include these requirements.
11.1. Code 1410 – TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY
1410.01N Topographical survey before and during site preparation works, including
benchmarks network, geo-referencing, data elaboration, print-out and report
required by the work to be performed. Unit price shall include supply of
material, equipment and operations and all other items necessary to complete
the work in accordance with IFC drawings. Work measurement by square
meter measured on IFC drawings.
1410.02N Topographical survey after site preparation works completion, including

benchmarks network and geo-referencing, data elaboration, print-out and final
report of the Site Prep "as-built" according the CONTRACTOR needs.. Unit
price shall include supply of material, equipment and operations and all other
items necessary to complete the work in accordance with IFC drawings. Work
measurement by square meter measured on IFC drawings.

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11.2. Code 1420 – SITE PROTECTION
1420.07M Supply and installation of security fence, consisting of galvanized metal

sections, galvanized mesh, barbed wire, including excavations, foundations,
transport, back-filling, reinforcement, form-works and any necessary item to
complete the works as per Project Standard Doc. 079254C-0000-STD-1480-00
- Design Standard for underground.
1420.09M Supply and Installation of temporary light fence, as per site preparation IFC
drawings, including the check of fence alignment and verticality, including all
activities and materials to complete the work. Work measurement per linear
1420.13N Supply and installation of temporary light gates, as per site preparation IFC
drawings. Work measurement per unit.
1420.14N Supply and installation of manual permanent sliding gate. Dimension of sliding
gate are indicated on Project Standard Doc. 079254C-0000-STD-1480-00 -
Design Standard for underground. Work measurement per unit.
11.3. Code 1426 – SLOPE PROTECTION
1426.01N Supply, laying and joining of geo-textile sheeting for soil confinement,
separation and filter including all other items necessary to complete the work
in accordance with construction specification and/or IFC drawings. Work
measurement by square meters measured on IFC drawings.
1426.02N Supply and installation of sheet piles for excavation slope protection, including
the dismantling and removal from the site of the sheet piles no longer required
and including equipment and all the work required to execute the work. Work
measurement per square meter.
1426.03N Supply and execution of slope protection from erosion with cemented stone
cover min 200mm thk including all other items necessary to complete the work
in accordance with construction specification and/or IFC drawings. Work
measurement by square meters measured on IFC drawings.
11.4. Code 1440 - EARTHWORKS, CLEARING AND SCRUBBING
1440.01M Clearing and scrubbing to an average depth of 0.15m including loading,

transport and disposal in suitable areas (within the property). Work
measurement by square meter measured on IFC drawings.
1440.05M General excavation in loose or compacted soil, at any depth below ground
level, the ground water being at max. height of 20 cm above bottom of
excavation, including material classification, loading and transport to site dump

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of unsuitable and surplus material or to temporary stock pile for reuse for
backfilling, also including placing of level and altitude reference marks,
appropriate sloping of excavation edges, propping to guarantee the stability of
the ground and of the near-by installation (if required), as well as the safety of
manpower and equipment inside and outside the excavation. Work
measurement by cubic meter measured on IFC drawings.
1440.41M Transport of material from clearing and scrubbing to the dumping area
approved by the proper Authorities and/or Site Management, outside the site,
at a distance of 20 Km max., including any payment for using the dump.
Loading and unloading are included in the price. Work measurement by cubic
1440.44M Transport of excavated materials from general excavation to the dumping area
approved by the proper Authorities and/or Site Management, outside the site,
at a distance of 20 Km max., including any payment for using the dump.
Loading and unloading are included in the price. Work measurement by cubic
1440.45M Transport only of material from demolitions; to the dumping area approved by
the proper Authorities and/or Construction Management, outside the site, at a
distance of 20 Km max., including any payment for using the dump and
unloading. Loading is included in other work items. Work measurement by per
cubic meter of material from demolitions, measured on the truck.
1440.93N Excavation of trapezoidal compacted earth ditch, having depth ranging

between 0.30m to 0.50m, as per construction drawings, including excavation,
transport of surplus material to dump area, slope shaping and compacting (if
necessary), work measurement per cubic meter as measured on IFC
drawings.
1440.94N Supply and installation of ditch protection from erosion with polyethylene sheet
0,4mm. Run-out length 90cm minimum. Work measurement per linear meter
measured on IFC drawings.
11.5. Code 1450 – ROADS AND YARDS

1450.16N Temporary Roads and yard construction as per project standard including
subgrade formation (if necessary) and compaction, road sub-base layer
formation thk 30 cm, and compaction. Work measurement per cubic meter as
1450.17N Temporary Roads base-course formation thk 20 cm and compaction.

Excluding bituminous emulsion, asphalt concrete binder, bituminous emulsion
and wearing course. This work item includes also the formation of shoulders
as per project construction drawings. Shoulders will be 1.0 meter wide and

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made of crushed stones 10 cm thk. Work measurement per cubic meter as

11.6. Code 1470 – UNDERGROUND PIPING
1478.05M Supply and installation of 300 mm. external diameter rigid heavy-duty PVC or
PE pipes and fittings with spigot and socket joints sealed by rubber rings and
suitable glueing products, on pipe bed (when required on project drawings),
including pipe cutting and any necessary activities to complete the work, but
excluding excavations, transport, back-filling and pipe bed. The type of pipe and
joint (with rubber rings or glue-sealed) shall be as per the Technical
Specifications and/or project specification. Work measurement per linear meter
at pipe centerline according to the project IFC drawings.
11.7. Code 1491 – ADDITIONAL ITEMS FOR EARTH MOVING
1491.01 Scarifying of road surface paved with bituminous conglomerate (binder and
wearing course 100 mm max total thk) including also loading of waste material
on truck and transport /disposal to the authorized dumping area outsides the
property limits. Work measurement by theoretical surface (square meters)
measured on IFC drawings
1491.02 Demolition of road foundation and base course (for piping, electrical cables
etc. passages) including piling of material along the excavation and
subsequent reinstatement (laying, rolling and watering). Excluded binder and
wearing course. Work measurement by cubic meter according to IFC
drawings.
1491.03 Execution of Plate Load tests without and with inundation according to ASTM
D 1194 and technical specification. Unit price include 1 test with inundation
and 1 without inundation. Work measurement by unit.
1491.04 Dynamic compaction including the execution of all quality tests as requested
in this Specification. Surface areas and thickness shall be deduced from the
project drawings. Work measurement per square meter measured on IFC
drawings.
1491.05 Rapid compaction including the execution of all quality tests as requested in
this Specification. Surface areas and thickness shall be deduced from the
project drawings. Work measurement per square meter measured on IFC
drawings.

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Project N° Unit Document Code Serial N° Rev.

ASSIUT HYDROCRACKING COMPLEX

FOR SITE PREPARATION

EARTHWORKS - ROADS & FENCING

Francesca Sindici Maria Carmela Romano Enrico Di Paolo

B 29-MAR-2019 ISSUED FOR INQUIRY F. SINDICI M. ROMANO / E. DI PAOLO G. BRUNO / C. PIGNA

A 28-FEB-2019 ISSUED FOR REVIEW F. SINDICI M. ROMANO / E. DI PAOLO V. COLONE / C. PIGNA

TECHNIP ITALY S.p.A. - 00148 ROMA - Viale Castello della Magliana, 68

ASSIUT HYDROCRACKING COMPLEX