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Short Communication Effect of Garcinia Mangostana Linn Fruit Peel Ethanolic

Extract on Fibroblast Cell Migration

Article  in  Journal of scientific and industrial research · July 2019

DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003317

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Short Communication

ISSN: 2574 -1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003317

Effect of Garcinia Mangostana Linn Fruit Peel

Ethanolic Extract on Fibroblast Cell Migration
Wudtichai Wisuitiprot1, Sutthinee Wisutthathum2, Supaporn Pitiporn3, Vanuchawan
Wisuitiprot2, Pakakrong Kwankhao3 and Neti Waranuch2*
1
Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Sirindhord College of Public Health, Thailand
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Thailand
3
Pharmacy Department, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
*Corresponding author: Neti Waranuch, Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Phitsanulok, Thailand

ARTICLE INFO Abstract

Received: June 27, 2019
Published: July 11, 2019
Citation: Wudtichai W, Sutthinee W, Su-
paporn P, Vanuchawan W, Neti W, et al.,
Effect of Garcinia Mangostana Linn Fruit
Peel Ethanolic Extract on Fibroblast
Cell Migration. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res
19(3)-2019. BJSTR. MS.ID.003317.
Wound healing is the survival process against disruptor of living cells or tissues.
Many attempts have tried to develop the products for promoting wound healing process.
Garcidine®, a hospital formula containing 10% w/v ethanolic extract of Garcinia
mangostana Linn fruit peel in propylene glycol base, is the topical anti-septic product for
treating open wound. This current study aimed to determine wound healing efficiency of
Garcidine® by using fibroblast cell migration model. Cell migration of Garcidine® treated
fibroblast cells was compared to that of 10%w/v povidone iodine. The results revealed
that Garcidine® was superior to 10% w/v povidone iodine in increasing fibroblast
cell migration within 12 hours of treatment. Cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells was not
evidenced in both formulations. Therefore, this finding suggests that Garcinia Mangostana
Linn fruit peel ethanolic extract is the promising natural product for treating open wound
due to the efficacy in increasing fibroblast cell migration.
Keywords: Garcinia Mangostana Linn; Cell Migration; Wound Healing

Introduction
using cell migration and proliferation models [3]. Many studies
Wound is the disruption of cellular and anatomical living
used fibroblast cells for predicting wound healing promotion
tissue. It can be produced by chemical, physical and microorganism
activity [1,3]. Garcinia mangostana Linn. has many chemical
attacking the tissue and is a major cause of organ abnormal
compounds that present various bio-activities? There was a study
function and disability [1]. Wound healing is a survival process for
reported on wound healing promotion activity of G. mangostana in
protecting and regenerating damage tissue. The healing process is
Spraque-Dawley rats by inducing skin epithelialization and wound
triggered since tissue injury; platelets are activated and attracted
contraction [4]. Moreover, xanthones isolated from G. mangostana
into the injury area. Platelet aggregation induces the release of
presented potent anti-microbial [5,6] and anti-inflammatory
clotting factor that results in the deposition of a fibrin clot at the
activities [7,8]. Both activities play crucial role in wound healing
site of injury. Immune cells also interact with fibrin clot and release
promotion. Garcidine® is a topical anti-septic product containing
the cytokines and growth factors such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-
G. mangostana peel extract in propylene glycol. The formula is
1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth
formulated according to Thailand National List Essential Medicines
factor beta (TGF-β). Fibroblasts cells obviously response to TGF-β
recommendation [9]. Current study aimed to investigate wound
and then perform collagen deposition for repairing the injury tissue
healing promotion activity of Garcidine® by using fibroblast cell
[1,2]. Due to fibroblasts responsibility to collagen production,
migration model.
they are usually studied for estimating wound healing process by

Copyright@ Neti Waranuch | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res| BJSTR. MS.ID.003317. 14394
Volume 19- Issue 3
Materials and Methods
Garcidine (10% w/v Garcinia mangostana Linn fruit peel
® Fibroblast cells were added into Scar-plate with 3.5x104 cell /
ethanolic extract in propylene glycol) was obtained from Chaopraya
Abhaiphubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi Province, Thailand. The
extraction was described in brief; dry G. mangostana fruit peel
powder 600g was macerated with 95% ethanol 800 g for 24
hours. An extract solution was collected. The maceration process
was repleted 3 times with fresh ethanol. The extract solutions
were filtered and pooled before evaporation at 60°C using rotary
evaporator. Garcidine® was prepared as 10% w/v G. mangostana
fruit peel extract in propylene glycol. Scar-plate was purchased
from Gibco (Gibthai, Thailand). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
(DMEM), Penicillin/Streptomycin, Trypsin and dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) and 3-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide were cell culture
grade and purchased from Gibco (Invitrogen, USA). Fibroblast cells
were isolated from neonatal circumcision foreskin. The process of
skin collection was approved by Naresuan University Institutional
Review Board with approval number 0140/62.
Fibroblast Cells Isolation
Dermis layer was dissected from foreskin and settled on cell
culture plate. Culture tissue was maintained with DMEM containing
10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin for 5 days.
The cells were incubated in 95% RH, 5% CO2 environment at 37oC.
They were then sub-cultured at 80% confluence.
Cytotoxic Testing
Fibroblast cells were added into 96 wells-plates with 1x104cells/
well and incubated for 24 hours. Then the cells were treated by
Garcidine® or 10% w/v povidone iodine (a commercial topical anti-
septic product) at various concentrations and re-incubated for 24
hours. Fifty microliters of 1 mg/ml MTT solution were added into
each well. The incubation was done for formazan crystal formation
for 3hours. Cell viability was determined by measuring absorbance
at 595 nm comparing with the untreated cells [10].
Figure 1: Relative cell viability after being treated with various concentration of Garcidine® or 10% w/v povidone iodine for
24 hours.
Copyright@ Neti Waranuch | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res | BJSTR. MS.ID.003317.
DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003317
Cell Migration Testing
channel. The cells were allowed to adhere for 24 hours in DMEM
containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.
The septum was removed to create a channel between cells and
then they were treated with Garcidine® or 10% w/v povidone
iodine for 24 hours. Cell migration was observed and photographed
using invert light microscope at 12 and 24 hours after treatment.
Decrease of channel distance was calculated by using Image J
computer software.
Results
Both Garcidine® and 10% w/v povidone iodine did not show
any cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. The cell viability was greater
than 90% in all treated concentration for both formulations. The
results of cytotoxic test are showed in Figure 1. According to Figure
1, both Garcidine® and 10% w/v povidone iodine did not show
any cytotoxic within the range 0.20 – 100.00µg/mL. Therefore,
designed concentration of both samples for cell migration testing
was 100µg/mL. Results of cell migration after treated with
Garcidine® and povidone iodine were also compared with the
control (untreated cells). After treated with test formulations,
the cell morphology and migration were photographed at 12 and
24 hours. The images of cell migration are presented in Figure 2.
Garcidine® obviously induced fibroblast cells migration across the
channel space. On contrary, fibroblast cells treated with 10% w/v
povidone iodine showed a limited migration when comparing to
untreated cells and cells treated with Garcidine®. The decrease of
channel distance presented in percent migration was calculated
using ImageJ. The data indicated that fibroblast cells treated with
Garcidine® was significantly decrease the channel distance more
than that of the cells treated with 10%w/v povidone iodine and the
control (Figure 3).
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Volume 19- Issue 3 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003317

Figure 2: Cell migration after being treated with 100 µg/mL of 10% w/v povidone iodine for 12 hours (A) 24 hours (B) 100 µg/
mL of Garcidine® for 12 hours (C) 24 (D) and Control cells at 12 hours (E) and 24 (F).

Figure 3: Percent migration of fibroblast cells at 12 and 24 hours after being treated with Garcidine® or 10% povidone iodine;
*significantly different from control cell p<0.05.

Discussion toxic on fibroblast cells. In addition, Garcidine® also induced

fibroblast cells migration better than the commercially available
The effectiveness of Garcidine® (10% w/v Garcinia mangostana
topical anti-septic product, 10% w/v povidone iodine. Migration
Linn fruit peel ethanolic extract in propylene glycol) in promoting
of fibroblast cells is a significant phenomenon for wound closure.
cell migration was evidenced. Garcidine®, the anti-septic product,
They are the indicator of wound healing process [2]. Migration of
has been used for treating fresh and chronic wounds in local Thai
Garcidine® treated cells was the effect of G. mangostana peel extract.
hospital according to Thailand National List Essential Medicines
The extract could promote wound healing by inducing the wound
recommendation. The result revealed that Garcidine® was non-

Copyright@ Neti Waranuch | Biomed J Sci & Tech Res| BJSTR. MS.ID.003317. 14396
Volume 19- Issue 3
to be at epithelization stage [4]. In case of povidone iodine, the
result indicated that fibroblast cells were limited in cell migration
when comparing to Garcidine® and the control. There were
reports indicated that povidone iodine inhibited human fibroblast
proliferation [11], although it was diluted till below cytotoxic
concentration [12]. According to the current study, G.mangostana
fruit peel ethanolic extract is a promising topical anti-septic
ingredient of natural origin for treating open wound dues to it affect
not only for preventing bacterial infection but also for promoting
wound healing without cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells.
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ISSN: 2574-1241
DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003317
Neti Waranuch. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res
This work is licensed under Creative
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