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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

TEST 1
SEMESTER I
SESSION 2018/2019

COURSE NAME : STRUCTURAL STEEL AND TIMBER

DESIGN

COURSE CODE : BFC 43003

PROGRAMME CODE : BFF

EXAMINATION DATE : OCTOBER 2018

DURATION : 1 HOUR 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTION : 1. OPEN BOOK EXAMINATION

2. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF FOUR (4) PAGES

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Q1 What is laterally restrained beam? Give an example. (10 marks)
1. A beam where the compression flange is restrained against lateral deflection and
rotation. Only vertical deflection exists (2 marks)
2. A full lateral restraint may be provided by concrete floor which sufficiently connected to
the beam, or by sufficient bracing members added. (2 marks)

(2 marks)

3. Lateral restraint may be of along the span or at some point along the span. (2 marks)

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4. Examples (2 marks)

Q2 What are the classifications of cross sections? (10 marks)

Class 1- cross-sections are those which can form a plastic hinge with the rotation capacity
required from plastic analysis without reduction of the resistance.

Class 2- cross-sections are those which can develop their plastic moment resistance, but
have limited rotation capacity because of local buckling.

Class 3- cross-sections are those in which the elastically calculated stress in the extreme
compression fibre of the steel member assuming an elastic distribution of stresses can reach
the yield strength, but local buckling is liable to prevent development of the plastic moment
resistance.

Class 4- cross-sections are those in which local buckling will occur before the attainment of
yield stress in one or more parts of the cross-section.

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Q3 What is maximum bending moment, Mu value for a UB 406 x 178 x 74 beam? Assume
grade steel S275. (20 marks)

Answer:
Maximum bending moment, Mu = 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 (1 marks)

Cross section Classification

tf = 16 mm, tw = 9.5 mm -- < 40 mm (1 marks)

Table 3.1, fy = 275 N/mm2 (1 marks)

235
ɛ = √275 = 0.92 (1 marks)

Outstand of compression flange,

𝑐
Limit for Class 1 is 𝑡 𝑓 ≤ 9ɛ (1 marks)
𝑓
𝑐𝑓
= 4.68 (1 marks)
𝑡𝑓
9ɛ = 8.28 > 4.68 (2 marks),
therefore the flange is Class 1 (1 marks)

Web subject to bending,

𝑐
Limit for Class 1 is 𝑡𝑤 ≤ 72ɛ (1 marks)
𝑤
𝑐𝑤
= 37.9 ≤ 72ɛ = 66.24 , therefore the web is Class 1 (4 marks)
𝑡𝑤

Therefore the Section is Class 1 (1 marks)

Resistance to bending;

The design resistance for bending for Class 1 is

𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦
Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = (1 marks) ; Wpl = 1500 cm3 (1 marks)
𝛾𝑀𝑜

𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦𝑓𝑦 1500 𝑥 103 𝑥 275 𝑥 10−6

= = 412.5 kNm (2 marks)
𝛾𝑀𝑜 1.0

Therefore the maximum bending moment = 412.5 kNm (1 marks)

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Q4 A beam, simply supported over an effective span of 8m, carries a UDL of 90 kN/m,
inclusive of self-weight. The depth of the beam is restricted to 500 mm. Design the beam
assuming that the compression flange of the beam is laterally supported by floor
construction by verifications of shear resistance, bending resistance and vertical deflection.
Use grade steel S275. (60 marks)

Solution:
Maximum design Shear force, 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 360 kN (5 marks)
Maximum design Bending moment, 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 720 kNm (5 marks)

𝑤𝑝𝑙 𝑓𝑦
Trial Section: 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝛾𝑀𝑜
𝑀𝐸𝑑 𝛾𝑀𝑜
Therefore, 𝑤𝑝𝑙 = = 2618 cm3 (2 marks)
𝑓𝑦
Try 457 x 191 x 133, 𝑤𝑝𝑙 = 3070 cm3 > 2618 cm3 (3 marks)

Cross section Classification

235
ɛ = √275 = 0.92 (2 marks)

Outstand of compression flange,

𝑐𝑓
Limit for Class 1 is 𝑡 ≤ 9ɛ (2 marks)
𝑓
𝑐𝑓
= 3.06 ≤ 9ɛ = 8.28 , therefore the flange is Class 1 (3 marks)
𝑡𝑓

Web subject to bending,

𝑐
Limit for Class 1 is 𝑡𝑤 ≤ 72ɛ (1 marks)
𝑤
𝑐𝑤
= 26.6 ≤ 72ɛ = 66.24 , therefore the web is Class 1 (2 marks)
𝑡𝑤

Therefore the Section is Class 1 (1 marks)

Partial factors for resistance: γMo = 1.0 , γM1 = 1.0 (2 marks)

Cross-sectional resistance
ℎ 72𝜀
Shear Buckling ; 𝑡 𝑤 > 𝜂
𝑤
η= 1.0 (1 marks)
hw = h – 2tf = 480.6 – 2(26.3) = 428 mm (2 marks)

ℎ𝑤 428 72𝜀 72(0.92)

= = 28 < = = 66.24 (6 marks)
𝑡𝑤 15.3 𝜂 1.0

Therefore the shear buckling resistance of the web does not need to be verified
(1 marks)

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𝑉
Shear resistance; 𝑉 𝐸𝑑 ≤ 1.0
𝑐,𝑅𝑑
𝑓
𝐴𝑣 ( 𝑦⁄ )
√3
Vc,Rd = Vpl,Rd = 𝛾𝑀𝑜
Av = A – 2btf + tf(tw + 2r) > ηhwtw
Av = 170 x 102 – (2 x 196.7 x 26.3) + 26.3(15.3 + 2 x 10.2) = 7592.5 mm2 (2 marks)
ηhwtw = 1.0 x 428 x 15.3 = 6584.4 mm2 (2 marks)
Therefore, Av = 7592.5 mm2 (1 marks)
7592.5(275⁄ )
√3
Vc,Rd = Vpl,Rd = 𝑥10−3 = 1205.5 kN (2 marks)
1.0

𝑉𝐸𝑑 360
= 1205.5 = 0.3 ≤ 1.0 (2 marks)
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑
Therefore the shear resistance of the section is adequate. (1 marks)
𝑀
Resistance to bending; 𝑀 𝐸𝑑 ≤ 1.0
𝑐,𝑅𝑑
The design resistance for bending for Class 1 is
𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 𝑓𝑦 3070 𝑥 103 𝑥 275 𝑥 10−6
Mc,Rd = Mpl,Rd = = = 844.25 kNm (2 marks)
𝛾𝑀𝑜 1.0
𝑀𝐸𝑑 720
= 844.25 = 0.85 ≤ 1.0 (2 marks)
𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑
Therefore the bending moment resistance is not need to be verified. (1 marks)
𝐿 8000
Vertical deflection, Limit = 200 = = 40𝑚𝑚 (2 marks)
200
5 𝑤𝐿4
The vertical deflection, 𝛿 = 384 ( 𝐸𝐼 )
E = 210000 N/mm2 , Iy = 63800 mm4 (2 marks)

5 90(80004 )
𝛿 = 384 (63800 𝑥 104 𝑥210000 ) = 35.8 𝑚𝑚 < 40 𝑚𝑚 (2 marks)

Therefore the vertical deflection of the beam is satisfactory. (1 marks)

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