Quiz-1 Jul-Nov 2016: AM5530 Advanced Fluid Mechanics (13.02.

2017 at 0800-0850)
Make any assumptions you see necessary and clearly list them. Total marks - 30

Q1 (10 Marks): A shallow circular dish has a sharp-edged orifice at its center. A water jet, of speed
V, strikes the dish concentrically.
Obtain an expression for the external force
needed to hold the dish in place if the jet
issuing from the orifice also has speed V.
Evaluate the force for 𝜃 = 45∘ ,V=5 m/s,
D=100 mm, and d=25 mm.
Plot the required force as a function of the
angle 𝜃 (0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 90∘ ).

Q2 Attempt any 2. Use index notation for the following

a) (5 Marks)Prove that for a symmetric 2nd order tensor 𝝉 and a vector 𝒗
𝝉: ∇𝒗 = ∇. (𝝉. 𝒗) − 𝒗. (∇. 𝝉)
b) (5 Marks)In class we proved that for a vector field 𝒗 if ∇. 𝒗 = 0 then 𝒗 = ∇ × 𝑨 where 𝑨 is some
vector.
If 𝝉 is a symmetrical 2nd order tensor and ∇. 𝝉 = 0 prove that 𝝉 = ∇ × (∇ × 𝚽)𝐓 where 𝚽 is
some symmetrical tensor.
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢𝑗
c) (5 Marks)The 4th order covariance tensor 𝑅𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙 = 𝜕𝑥 𝑖 is encountered when studying
𝑘 𝜕𝑥𝑙
turbulence. If we assume isotropy, incompressible flow and make the simplification that 𝑅𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙
is independent of spatial position, prove that
2𝑅 2 1
𝑅𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙 = [𝛿𝑖𝑗 𝛿𝑘𝑙 − (𝛿𝑖𝑛 𝛿𝑗𝑚 + 𝛿𝑖𝑚 𝛿𝑗𝑛 )]
15 4
where 𝑅 = 𝑅𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘 .
2
𝜕𝑢
Hint: Use continuity - 𝜕𝑥𝑖 = 0 and symmetric nature of 𝑅𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙 = 𝑅𝑗𝑖𝑘𝑙
𝑖

Q3 Vorticity of a flow is defined as 𝝎 = ∇ × 𝒖 .

a) (3 Marks)Check if the following flow is incompressible and then find the vorticity vector
𝑢𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 2 , 𝑢𝑦 = 2𝑦, 𝑢𝑧 = −4𝑧
b) (7 Marks) Consider NS equation
𝜕𝒖 1
+ 𝒖. ∇𝒖 = − ∇𝑝 + ∇Π + 𝜈∇2 𝒖
𝜕𝑡 𝜌
where Π is the body force potential. Take ∇ × of the above equation to arrive at the equation
governing vorticity 𝝎.
Hint: Use the following identities
1
𝒖. 𝛁𝒖 = (∇ × 𝒖) × 𝒖 + ∇(𝒖. 𝒖)
2
∇ × (𝝎 × 𝒖) = (𝒖. ∇)𝝎 − (𝝎. 𝛁)𝒖
∇ × ∇2 𝒖 = ∇2 (∇ × 𝒖)