SELECTION AND USE OF

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS (IMs)

Principles in the Use of Instructional Materials (IMs) 2. Overhead Transparencies and Projector

 All instructional materials are aids to instruction. Advantages Disadvantages

 Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional
 It can easily be prepared by  The projector may be costly
objectives. the teacher or the students. for some.
 Use a variety of tools if possible.  It is reusable.  Moving it around needs as
 Check out your instructional before class starts to be sure it is  It can be used with much care.
large/small group.  When over-heated, it can be
working properly.
 Easy to operate damaged.
 For results, abide by the general utilization guide on the use of
3. Bulletin Boards
media given below.
 Learn how to use the instructional material. Advantages Disadvantages

 Prepare introductory.  It can present a preview of  A good one needs time to

 Provide a conducive environment. the lesson to be presented plan and execute.
as a way of motivating the
 Explain the objectives of your lesson.
students.
 Stress what is to watched or listened to carefully.  The attractive displays can
 State what they will be expected to do with the information they add life and color to a dull
room atmosphere.
will learn.
 A display can allow a
number of students to
Forms of Media
browse over its contents at
the same time.
1. Audio Recordings

Advantages Disadvantages
4. Chalkboard
 Improve listening skill  Extended use may bore
 Easy to operate students.
 Safe way of storing  Costly compared to actual
information oral presentation.
 Can be used for big/small
group.
 Best used to improve speech
skills.
 Lessen distraction when
used with headphones.
 Advantages Disadvantages 7. Realia is stands for the real things that are to be studied.

 It is easily available.  Lessons or writings on the Advantages Disadvantages

 It is inexpensive and easy to
install.
 It can accommodate so
much writing space and
easy to clean.
 It is convenient to use both
for formally prepared lessons
or spontaneous sessions.
 He attention of the class can
easily be held and focused.
5. Charts
Advantages
 It can be used over and over
again.
 It is moved easily from one
place to another.
 Colored charts are more
attractive.
 It can be made by students.
is a replica of an object that may be larger or
6. Mock-ups
smaller in scale.
Advantages
chalkboard are only for a
day’s use.
 Chalk dust makes the area
messy.
 Writing makes one turn his
back to the audience.
 The teacher’s handwriting
and spelling deficiency can
cause disruption from the
lesson.
Disadvantages
8.
 It doesn’t show motion.
 Big charts are cumbersome
to handle.
 Charts can be outdated.
Disadvantages
 Real objects are easily
available everywhere.
 Examining real objects
create concrete learning
experiences for the learner.
 Real specimen can be
handled and observed
thoroughly.
 They are inexpensive.
 The children are familiar
with the real materials and
their interest can easily be
caught.
Video/t Tapes/Films
Advantages
 Motion pictures easily
motivate children.
 Movement or sequence of
events can be shown clearly.
 They are adaptable to
large/small groups.
 They are relatively
inexpensive.
 They require very little
reading skills.
 Some live animals and plants
are potential hazards.
 Some are expensive.
 Problems regarding storage
and retrieval may arise.
Disadvantages
 Choosing films with the exact
content desired may be a
problem.
 .Projection equipment might
be expensive for some
schools.
 Mechanical and operational
problems may arise with the
projection equipment.

 It can be constructed by the
teacher.
 It is a way of focusing
observations on the desired
part to be studied as well as
the functional relationships
of the parts.
 Its construction could be 9. Models are scaled replicas of real object.
time-consuming.
 Since the sizes are
exaggerated, the students
might be confused when
faced with the real object.
 It could be costly.

Advantages
 It provides motivation and
enhances learning.
 Some models can be built as
to scale and can appear
exactly like the real object.
10. Pictures
Advantages
 Appropriate pictures that fit
the objectives are easy to
obtain.
 They are often free in the
form of clippings.
 The amount of information
that can be conveyed is
tremendous.
 They are usable.
11. Books
Advantages
 Are well written and present
accurate facts and details.
 They serve as permanent
source of information.
 Reusable.
 Learners can control their
own pace of learning by
using books anytime.
 Books which present color,
action and beautiful
sceneries are enjoyed and
reread a number of times.
12. Electronic Materials
Disadvantages
 Purchasing of models can be
costly.
 If models are built as to scale,
it could be time consuming.
Disadvantages
 Choosing the right picture
can be a problem for some
teachers.
 Handling of pictures needs so
much care.
 Sometimes the correct size or
perspective if scaled in a
picture can cause confusion
especially if the children are
not familiar with the object.
Disadvantages
 Books on special contents
can be expensive for some.
 Some students are not Reporter Somaya M. Ampaso
readers. EDUC 107 - Uu