VSLNews 1 2011

VSLNews1-2011_VSLNews2-2007 26/05/11 15:06 Page1
T H E V S L N E W S
NEWS
M A G A Z I N E • I S S U E O N E 2 0 1 1
LNG CONTAINMENTS
Added value
from VSL
Stays: in situ
evaluation
of vibration
Viaduct
replacement
in Auckland
highlights LNG TANKS 8
BUSINESS 4
IMPROVEMENT
Community actions 4
FACTS&TRENDS 6 PRECAST
ETA: VSL systems validated
New markets: Modernising Laos

6
7
17
VIBRATEST
COVER STORY 8
LNG/LPG containment structures:
26
Added value from VSL
SITE INSIGHTS 16
Spain: Dramatic stays at Talavera 16
Poland: Ready for kick-off 19
Australia: Precast advantage 22
South Korea: Fixing links 25
R&D 26
Stay cables: In-situ performance analysis
TECHNICAL REPORT 27
Post-tensioning systems:
Slab system to be born
NEW SLAB
ANCHORAGE
INTERVIEW 30
Peter Meyer, SAH
30
TECH SHOW 32
Staged success VIADUCT
The Newmarket Viaduct Replacement project
combines staged construction with
deconstruction of the existing viaduct
REPLACEMENT 32
in the heart of Auckland, New Zealand
PEFC/10-31-1238
PROMOUVOIR
LA GESTION DURABLE
DE LA FORÊT
NEWS, magazine published by VSL International Ltd. • Köniz, Switzerland Director of Publication: VSL communications • Jane Rousseau • jane.rousseau@vsl.com
Editor in chief: Elisabeth Lichter-Rodriguez • elisabeth.lichter@vsl.com Co-ordinators: Christine Mueller-Sinz, Carlos Such, Doris Tong. Distribution: Myriam Doré •
myriam.dore@vsl.com Design: Red Line Photos: Yves Chanoît, Christine Mueller-Sinz, Simone Mengani, VSL staff, others Copyright: VSL 2011 •
Cover photo: Newmarket Viaduct Replacement

Project, Auckland, NZ
ISSUE ONE • 2011
EDITORIAL
Highly dependable
VSL has been providing expert solutions to its partners throughout the
world since 1956. Its renowned reliability and dependability in every
aspect have been at the heart of this long and successful history.
Supplying the dependable systems required to build safe and durable

projects: today’s infrastructure projects must be both long-lasting and
sustainable. VSL’s systems enhance safety and longevity because they
can be adapted to suit any application - even in challenging situations,
such as LNG tanks1.
Being a dependable partner in its business relationships: trusted and

long-term business relationships, such as our bar activities2 are of
utmost importance in tackling the challenges of complex and
demanding construction projects.
Providing dependable engineering for complex and/or unusual projects: experienced

staff and the capacity to adapt to any site situation are underpinned by VSL’s main asset -
the strength of its technical centres and continuous R&D. A good example of this is the
viaduct replacement project in Auckland3.
Dependability in all aspects is not enough on its own - a comprehensive approach is

guaranteed by VSL’s capacity to have a vision, to innovate and to come up with alternative
solutions for the benefit of the project. We have always made the utmost efforts to be a
reliable partner for all our clients, and will always continue to do so.
Daniel Rigout, Chairman and CEO
1
Pages 8ff
2
Pages 30/31
3
Pages 32ff
BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT
COMMUNITY ACTIONS
Enfants des Rizières –

Children of the rice fields
Inititated in Vietnam, VSL staff members in Ho Chi Min, Hanoi, Hong Kong and
Singapore have joined together to help make life better for the children at a
community centre in Long Hai, Vietnam. The personal commitment of everyone
involved was the key to success...
our les Enfants des Rizières clothes, books and toys for the
P is a non-profit organisation
aimed at helping
disadvantaged children in Vietnam.
Maison Sociale. The idea, initiated
by the head office of VSL Vietnam
was taken up and extended
Bouygues Construction’s through the regional network by
charitable foundation Terre VSL Singapore and VSL Hong
Plurielle is contributing funding Kong. Staff members could hand
towards the Long Hai centre, over donations either at their
which will make it possible to feed project sites or in the main office;
4
and care for local disadvantaged the donations received were stored
children as well as giving them and transported to the centre in
access to schooling. In 2009, the January 2011. “I was deeply
foundation contributed towards impressed by the personalities of
financing the construction of an the people in charge of the
administrative building, a orphanage in Long Hai,” says
classroom, kitchen, canteen and Ronan Hasle – Ground Engineering
multi-purpose hall. The latest Regional Business Development
project includes the building of six Manager and Managing Director of
new classrooms, physiotherapy abandoned children, as well as the VSL Vietnam, who initiated the
facilities and a crèche. children of families in great
hardship in the city of Long Hai,
Vietnam. The centre is also used
for schooling the children or
providing them with occupational
training. Two hundred children are
taken care of in the Maison
Sociale, where they are fed,
educated, given medical treatment
when necessary and can play and
live in a safe and caring
environment. The Maison Sociale
houses abandoned children and
helps them to (re)integrate into a
normal school education system, project within VSL. “The director is
without needing to struggle to find an impressive lady whose deep
the next meal or a place to sleep. and personal involvement makes
you want to participate in the
The APER (Association Pour les Touched by the project and its project. She really does all she can
Enfants des Rizières) built the potential impact, the staff and to help the children in need. I am
Maison Sociale de Long Hai to management of VSL Vietnam confident that our donations will
house street children and decided to organise a collection of be put to good use.” ■
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
HEALTH AND SAFETY FUND RAISING 1 CERTIFICATION UPDATE

Relax City2Surf Three more
and feel good SL Australia joined
successes
his year’s safety day at VSL’s V Emergency Architects and a
record 80,000 other budding SL’s Technical Centre in
T St. Légier offices in

Switzerland adopted the
theme of preventing stress in the
athletes to participate - and
complete - the 14km-long City2Surf
race in Sydney. “Your support is very
V Singapore, VSL Vietnam and
VSL Chile recorded further
milestones in 2011. The Technical
workplace. Part one was dedicated much appreciated and the money Centre passed an audit in
to nutrition, stress and physical raised by you and your generous accordance with ISO9001:2008,
activities, plus a quick guide to first supporters will go towards one of ISO14001:2004 and OSHAS
aid. The second half of the day our upcoming projects such as 18001:2007. TCAA always
initiated discussions on topics building toilets in PNG. We have considers safety, environmental
requiring a more in-depth analysis made over $750 from your impacts and quality. VSL Vietnam’s
of potential risks. Several proposals combined efforts and donations on Health & Safety Management
were suggested for further ways of the day” (Emergency Architects System passed its certification to
improving well-being at work and Australia, August 2010). ■ OHSAS 18001:2007. VSL Vietnam is
their implementation is planned well aware that the hard work
where possible. ■ does not stop here and is
FUND RAISING 2 committed to maintaining the
certification as well as achieving
EMERGENCY Earth Melody ISO14001:2004 in 2011. With the
ISO 14001 Environmental
ARCHITECTS he Earth Melody event in certification added to the
5
Donations to T Hanoi was organised by eco

website nhansinhthai.com
previously obtained ISO9001
(Quality Management) and OHSAS
the Solomon and GGIO Vietnam with funding

from VSL Vietnam. With over 500
18001 (Health & Safety
Management) certifications, VSL
Islands participants, it was the perfect

opportunity to learn about
Chile has now also achieved triple
certification. ■
environmental issues and
SL Australia is a corporate exchange ideas on sustainability.
V member of the International

Foundation of Emergency
Architects Australia, which helps
The idea is that everything has its
own melody, even the earth.
People were encouraged to take an
FUND RAISING 3
Donations for
to rebuild devastated areas in a hour to listen to this melody and
sustainable manner. Participation
in this initiative stems from VSL’s
adjust their behaviour to enhance
sustainable development. ■
earthquake
commitment to sustainable
development, which encourages
victims
involvement in the economic and taff and management of VSL
social life of others. At Christmas,
VSL Australia donated toys to
disadvantaged children in the
SPONSORING
Touch rugby S Hong Kong joined efforts to
support the victims of
Japan’s devastating earthquake
Solomon Islands. Donations were
also sent to the Smile Group in sponsorship and tsunami. People in the
affected areas are suffering from
Vietnam whose mission is to help shortages of shelter, food and
families affected by Aids. ■ ntrafor sponsors the Dubai water, on top of the loss of life. VSL
I English College under-18 girls’

touch rugby team and bought
the team’s kit and kit bags. The
HK’s staff immediately organised
in-house fund raising, donating
almost HK$ 18,000 (21,650).
girls were coached to success by The company donated the same
Jon Kendry in the 2010 / 2011 amount and the donations were
season, winning every match and presented to the Consulate-
every tournament they entered. ■ General of Japan on 30 March. ■
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
FACTS&TRENDS
European Technical Approval (ETA)
VSL systems validated
> VSL has recently extended its offers the advantage of enhanced introduction in the structural
range of PT systems with two corrosion protection of the concrete and finds its major
multi-strand stressing anchorages, tendons, in class PL2 according application in the post-tensioning
a tendon coupler and a one- to fib bulletin 33. In addition to of nuclear containments. Further
strand slab post-tensioning the classic application in internal units of the same anchorage type
system. The systems are covered bonded tendons, the GC stressing are under design to cover other
under VSL’s European Technical anchorage can also be used for tendon load ranges.
Approval ETA 06/0006, which is in external tendons and for With the V tendon coupler, VSL
accordance with ETAG 013. cryogenic applications such as adds a well-proven coupler, which
post-tensioning of LNG tanks. allows a new tendon to be
The GC anchorage is compatible connected to a tendon that has
with VSL tendon coupling systems already been placed in the
and standard stressing equipment. concrete, but not stressed. This
GC Anchorage type of movable coupler offers a
higher degree of flexibility to
The stressing anchorage GC is construction operations.
primarily designed for the VSL has also introduced the S6-1
standard use of internal bonded plus one-strand tendon system
PT tendons in the bridge with a corrugated plastic duct (PT-
construction industry. The NC Anchorage PLUS® type 22) alongside its four-
standard anchorage units offer strand bonded slab post-
tendons with ultimate capacities The NC stressing anchorage is tensioning system, which uses
6
between 780kN (three strands, made for 55 strands with 0.6” PT-PLUS® type 72/21 corrugated
140mm2) and 10,323kN (37 diameter with an ultimate plastic duct. This type of tendon
strands, 150mm2). They can be capacity of 15,345kN (55 strands offers an enhanced level of corrosion
used with both corrugated steel 150mm2). The anchorage body is protection, in addition to the bond
ducts and corrugated plastic built up with three load bearing achieved by grout injection. ■
PT-PLUS® ducts. PT-PLUS® surfaces for a more gradual load Contact: adrian.gnaegi@vsl.com
Formwork Renewable energy

Make it short Material savings
> Use of a new VSL > VSL Australia has been working with
formwork traveller Civil & Allied Technical Construction
design has shortened (CATCON) on the design of wind turbine
construction cycles on foundations that offer considerable
a pair of new bridges in material savings over conventional
Malaysia. VSL designed, approaches. The foundations are for
supplied and installed 23 Suzlon wind turbines at Tarago in
four pairs of formwork New South Wales, Australia. VSL’s works
travellers, in which also include the supply and installation
fixing of the web reinforcement is no longer obstructed by of post-tensioning and ground anchors for
the inner core formwork. This improvement shortened the the 79m-tall turbines, which have a rotor
construction period allowing the main contractor to achieve diameter of 88m. VSL Australia has
a seven to eight day cycle, rather than the 10 days initially developed both gravity and ground-
planned. VSL’s works also included prestressing for the anchored foundations for the project to suit
bridges over Sungai Danga and Sungai Skudai. The bridges the differing ground conditions at each
have 165m main spans and were built using the cast-in-situ turbine location. ■ Contact:
segmental balanced cantilever method. ■ Contact: mthomason@vsl-australia.com.au
ckchong@vsl.com.my
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
Awards
Bonded slab Equipment Scenic setting
Longest pour New rig for CWB for PT
> Intrafor has secured another > The Sun Moon Lake tourist
diaphragm wall project in the centre won the Taiwan Public
heart of Hong Kong, where it will Construction Golden Award –
be using a specially developed Excellent Quality in 2010. The
rig. Challenges include project is one of Taiwan’s most
contending with busy traffic, popular scenic spots and VSL
buried seawalls and low carried out the post-tensioning.
headroom, for which Intrafor The designer chose post-
> The Lake Hefner Clearwell has developed a rig to allow tensioning to create long-span
project involved the longest excavation in this restricted arch beams and slabs. VSL
application to date of VSL’s space. The Central Wanchai provided consultancy at the
bonded VSLAB system and Bypass (CWB) Central design stage and also supplied
crews were part of some of the Interchange adjoins the CR3 and installed the post-
largest slab pours in the tank project, which Intrafor has tensioning. ■
industry. Both base and roof recently completed. The new
pours lasted nearly 24 hours 21,000m3 project is the
and each consumed about continuation of the CWB cut and Safety first
1,680m3 of concrete. The cover tunnel and runs alongside
152.4m-long slab is part of a the IFC building - one of the > The AST–VSL Joint Venture
6.7m-high post-tensioned world’s tallest towers. The building a major bridge in Abu
45.6 million litre tank in project is due to start in August Dhabi reached a significant
7
Oklahoma. There were several and will be completed in safety milestone when two
challenges, including designing 11 months. A BC40 cutter and million man hours were accrued
the walls, columns and roof to two excavation cranes will be without any lost-time accidents.
accommodate thermal mobilised for the project. ■ The client awarded the
expansion and contraction. ■ Contact: craig.kurten@vsl- management team an award for
Contact: ashaughnessy@vsl.net intrafor.com excellence in safety to recognise
the achievement, which
represents more than a working
year without incident. The project
employs 840 personnel, split
New markets between office and site. ■
Modernising Laos
> VSL has been at the forefront Second Gateway
of introducing new building
technologies into Laos, where
Bridge win
hydroelectric and mining projects > Brisbane’s Gateway Upgrade
are leading to rapid economic Project has been named
development. The capital within the capital’s 26m height Australia’s best infrastructure
Vientiane is being transformed in limits. Other advantages include project of the year. The 21.55
to a modern city with many new larger column-free areas, billion project was presented
building projects. Working reduced construction times and with the title at Infrastructure
closely with Lao contractors and reductions in overall construction Partnerships Australia’s
designers, VSL has introduced costs and last but not least the National Infrastructure Awards.
the VSL Bonded Slab post- reduction of the CO2 emission by VSL, in alliance with Abigroup
tensioning system to the market. up to 27%. To date, VSL is Contractors and Leighton
This has brought significant working on or has completed Contractors, built the duplicate
advantages over reinforced nine projects in Vientiane, of the existing bridge over the
concrete. In particular, reduced including the 45,776m2 That Brisbane River. The project also
floor-to-floor heights allow an Luang Trade Center. ■ Contact: includes 19km of new or
extra floor to be constructed sambat.sermchareonkit@vsl.com upgraded motorway. ■
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
VSL-INTRAFORNews1-2011_VSLNews2-2007 15/06/11 09:01 Page8
COVER STORY
Singapore LNG Terminal on Jurong Island will be

the first open-access, multi-user LNG Terminal in Asia.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
LNG/LPG CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES
Added value from VSL
VSL has a proven track record in LNG and LPG tank projects throughout the
world and its ability to add value is a key factor for successful construction.
The latest example in the booming market is the SLNG project in Singapore, 9
one of the world’s biggest LNG tank construction sites.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
L N G / L P G C O N TA I N M E N T S T R U CT U R E S
COVER STORY
Who needs gas?

Today, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan are
the leading LNG importers, representing
more than two-third of world LNG imports.
Indonesia, Malaysia and Algeria have been
the leading LNG exporters for the last
decade, with Qatar emerging as a major
player in recent years.
The world’s energy consumption is projected
to increase considerably over the next 30
years with fossil fuels continuing to cover the
majority of the world’s energy needs. Global
demand will continue to grow and so
countries with a domestic surplus of natural
gas will look into solutions to convert it into
LNG or into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It
can then be stored in specially developed
storage tanks and shipped to wherever
natural gas is required.
When its temperature is lowered to -161°C,
natural gas liquefies and occupies just
1/600th of the volume that it does in its
gaseous state. Liquefaction thus offers a
solution for transporting and storing natural
10
gas in areas far from pipelines. Tankers
typically carry between 145,000m3 and more
than 200,000m3, which represents roughly
the annual energy consumption of 50,000
households. When it reaches its port of
destination, the LNG is regasified in special
terminals and injected into the gas network.
Long considered only as a by-

product, natural gas has become a
serious alternative to oil and coal.
Demand is increasing and natural
gas’s future market share is forecast
to grow far beyond its current 21%.
Before the development of liquefied possibility of spillage due to a failure specialist contractors in the tank
natural gas (LNG) technology, of the inner steel tank containing construction industry and has a
natural gas could only be the LNG. They typically feature a portfolio of more than 60 reference
transported by pipeline. Gas could prestressed concrete outer wall and sites worldwide, spread over the
not take advantage of that mainstay a high-nickel steel inner tank, with last 30 years, with tailor-made
of the international oil trade – an extremely efficient insulation offers and scopes varying from the
marine transportation. The layer between walls. supply of post-tensioning, PT
development of LNG has changed design, provision of special
this and the improvements in Post-tensioned concrete is the ideal formwork systems required to
technology and costs mean that gas solution for providing a safe outer construct the structure’s walls, the
is rapidly becoming an containment structure as it reduces economic Heavy Lifting solutions
internationally traded commodity. crack width to safeguard against suitable for raising the tank roof
failure (see box). As a world shell prior to concreting, to larger
Meeting future specialist of post-tensioning, VSL is full packages that can include all of
demands a natural partner to bring added the above, together with installation
Modern LNG tanks are double- value in these demanding projects. of the passive and PT reinforcement
walled full containment to avoid any VSL is one of the most experienced and the concrete. The SLNG project
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
GC 6-19, one of VSL’s anchorages

used in LNG tanks
knowledge of containment
structures and a strong R&D focus
allow VSL to implement
continuous improvements
and to provide reliable
solutions, while always
looking for better ways of
tackling the particular
challenges of each project. The
VSL approach is flexible and the
range of services is tailored to the
specific project requirements.When
it comes to repair and maintenance,
VSL also provides customers with
the specialist advice needed for the
rehabilitation, strengthening and
>
Providing safe structural solutions
The inner containment of an LNG/LPG containment structure holds the liquefied gas. If it fails, the outer
containment steps in and must prevent gas leakage. The outer containment, which is typically made of
post-tensioned concrete, also protects the inner structure from external impacts. Use of post-tensioned
concrete for the secondary containment also allows for a thinner wall than with conventionally 11
reinforced concrete. The reduced crack width achieved with post-tensioning helps make the secondary
containment leak-tight in case of failure of the primary containment, as well as providing improved
durability against corrosion of the structure. In the extreme case, the concrete and therefore also the
prestressing tendons may be subjected to very low temperatures. This means that the prestressing
steel and anchorages must withstand very low temperatures.
reinforced
concrete roof
steel lining
Jongyeong LNG tank, VSL’s works
comprise the construction of the tank,
supply and operation of the climbform,
as well as the supply and installation
of 793 tons of internal post-tensioning. suspended ceiling
with insulation
primary enclosure,
self supporting
in Singapore with 3 major tanks 9% nickel steel tank
under construction is among the
insulation of internal
most recent VSL’s projects (see secondary enclosure
p. 12-13). Meanwhile, the Dabhol
Power Corporation in India has secondary enclosure,
self supporting
recently been a major client, with in prestressed concrete
outer containment
three tanks for Dabhol 2, two for
Dahej and two at Hazira. Other inner containment
notable projects include PT for a bottom insulation
heating
tank in Quintero, Chile, whose element
160,000m3 volume makes it the
South America’s largest, the Fujian
LNG and the Shanghai LNG Project
phase 1 in China, and the second
piles
phase of Korea’s Pyeong Teak LNG
Project, as well as tanks in Algeria concrete foundation
and Poland (see boxes). In-depth
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
COVER STORY
protection of concrete structures, teams cater for the various tank SINGAPORE
with skills in each of the main areas configurations while taking into
of structural investigation, repair,
strengthening and protection.
account the interfaces with other
trades to make the overall project SLNG: full const r
easy to build and cost-effective.
Ongoing R&D Safety is also improved as the
initiatives system allows for completion of the
Extensive involvement in the entire concrete tank construction
construction of LNG containment without any major modifications
structures has enabled VSL to after assembly and commissioning.
develop innovative solutions. One of It provides clear and unobstructed
the latest is the optimised VSL LNG access to all working areas. The
Tank Formwork system. This set-up is optimised and crane time
modular crane-handled system can requirement for formwork
be used to build the circular movement is kept to the minimum.
containment wall without the need
for time-consuming and costly AF solves access
modifications to the formwork issues
during construction especially at The AF anchorage is a unique VSL
the top connection wall-ring area. solution for the lower non-stressing
It minimises typical construction anchorage of the vertical tendons
cycles and provides optimised (the AF can also be used for inclined
interactions between the various tendons) that allows avoiding the
site activities. VSL’s engineering need for a specific access such as a
tendon gallery at the bottom of the
12
tank structure. When the concrete VSL’s involvement in LNG schemes now goes
works are completed at the walls, beyond the supply of post-tensioning and/or
POLAND
the strands, added with the operation of climbform systems. The
Świnoujście tanks compression fittings, are threaded company is also involved in the full scope of
The contract for the supply and installation one by one from the top into the work required for construction of LNG
of the post-tensioning for new tanks at an vertical tendon duct down to the containment structures. The Singapore LNG
LNG terminal in Świnoujście, northwest bottom AF cast-iron anchorage. Terminal Project on Jurong Island includes
Poland, was awarded to VSL Polska in early First-stage grouting uses VSL’s the first tanks where VSL has expanded its
2011. VSL Polska’s client is a joint venture high-performance AF Anchorage scope to build the complete reinforced
including Saipem, Techint and PBG. Each of grout with a compressive strength concrete structure that forms the outer
the two 160,000m3 tanks has an 80m in excess of 100MPa injected in the tank, right from the base slab up to the roof
external diameter and a height of 42m. anchorage to secure the strand dome. VSL’s scope includes the concrete and
Installation of the 1,200t of strand, 1,000 ends. The tendon is then stressed reinforcement for the base slab, wall and
GC6-19 anchorages and 200 U6-19 and secured normally from the top roof dome in addition to the operation of the
anchorages is expected to be completed in on its free length before being fully climbing formwork as well as the supply and
spring 2013. grouted with standard post- installation of the post-tensioning system.
tensioning grout. The AF anchorage The tanks use VSL’s AF anchorages instead
of the traditional U-loop type. Based on the
latest design developments, each tank is
fitted with 240 vertical 6-22 tendons and 50
horizontal 6-27 tendons, corresponding to
about 800t of strand installed in each
structure.
Singapore LNG Corporation Pte Ltd, wholly-
owned by the Singapore Government– has
awarded the engineering, procurement and
construction contract of Singapore’s first
LNG Terminal to Samsung C&T. Key aspects
of this base contract are the design and
VSL’s AF anchorages allow construction of a primary berth and three
vertical tendons to be installed
without stressing galley
storage tanks along with the processing
facilities. Kogastech from Korea designed
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
ALGERIA
t ruction of a LNG containment Arzew tanks coming up
Siteworks on SLNG in Singapore

started in September 2010.
The overall project is due for
completion in 2012.
The installation of U-anchorages and the

base-slab tendons has marked the start of
work by VSL on the Arzew LNG tanks project
in Algeria. Strand installation and stressing
will take place over the next 16 months for
the four storage tanks. In total, 1,546 GC
anchorages of sizes 6-12 and 6-19 and
1725t of PC strands will be installed for the
post-tensioning works on the tanks, which
vary in size from 120,000m3 to 160,000m3.
The Italian contractor Bentini working for
Saipem is in charge of the construction.
13
the LNG tanks. Each tank will have a capacity
Swallowing five Airbus A380s
of 180,000m3, making them among the
The overall volume of each concrete
largest above-ground LNG tanks ever built. is the ideal alternative to U-loops
tank approaches 270,000m3 - a size that
that transmits the force right to the
could comfortably hold five Airbus A380
Due to the project’s strategic nature, all correct spot at the bottom of the
aircraft – and each LNG tank will have a
parties operate an open door policy. The VSL structure, without any dissipation or
working capacity of 180,000m3.
set-up clearly makes the difference. As loss. No access, opening or tendon
• External diameter: 88.2m
Malcolm Thomas, construction manager for gallery is required, except vents for
• Perimeter: 277m
SLNG puts it: “We have a very good working the grouting works. The AF
• Wall height: 40.9m
relationship on site with VSL, they are very anchorage also allows enhancing
• Tank total height: 51m
cooperative and proactive with regards to safety as strands are handled one
• Wall thickness: 800mm
the tank civil construction”. by one instead as a bundle.
Site works started in September 2010 and the but overall project duration for VSL’s work is Cryogenic confidence
two first tanks are being built in parallel. The 24 months. VSL has started works on the VSL has successfully tested and
main construction period will last 14 months third tank in April 2011. confirmed its type E and Gc
stressing anchorages for cryogenic
applications to ensure that the
materials perform as required at
extreme temperatures in the
unlikely event of an LNG tank’s
primary containment failure.
Owners and general contractors
need to ensure that the outer
containment can perform under
temperatures as low as -160°C. In
recent years, VSL has successfully
conducted numerous cryogenic
Health and safety first :

warming up before starting the
work helps preventing accidents
>
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
COVER STORY
Grout -
the finishing touch
The quality of the post-tensioning
grout is of utmost importance to
ensure durability and performance
of the tendons, and thus the safety
of an LNG containment structure.
VSL’s HPI® High Performance
Injection process is the
result of intensive
Fit for cryogenic applications:

VSL’s anchorages tested in the lab.
tests on its E and Gc anchorages

initially at the Switzerland’s Empa Protecting infrastructure
materials science laboratory and
subsequently at Daewoo’s
against extreme events
laboratory in Seoul, Korea, to HPI® grout to guarantee the quality of grouting.
14
ensure that they perform as
required at these extreme
temperatures. In all the tests, the
post-tensioning anchorages were research and development works to
exposed to very low cryogenic combine a special grout with
temperatures by injecting liquid stringent on-site testing and
nitrogen at -196°C. installation procedures that aim to
improving the quality of grouting
Steel PLUS plastic activities.
The PT-PLUS® system is Locally available grout constituents
particularly suitable for situations are tested and assessed for their
where severe corrosion or high Infrastructure assets such as oil and gas compatibility and an optimised
fatigue loading are expected. refineries and terminals have an inherent grout is designed from there to
risk of highly dramatic accidental meet the project specifications.
explosions. Protection against such Alternatively, VSL provides its VSL-
extreme events is essential for associated HPI® high-performance grout mix
critical infrastructure, including control pre-bagged. It complies with all
rooms. The commitment to safety is standard tests for bleed, flow time,
particularly well developed in the sector, strength and volume change. It also
and VSL can provide blast resilience and meets the stringent requirements of
upgrade solutions for buildings and the inclined tube test, wick-induced
boundary controls. The risk of blast effects bleed test, mud balance test and
in the oil and gas infrastructure market can stability of flow time, ensuring a
be further increased by the geographic high standard of grout at all times.
locations of such installations. VSL
Infrastructure Protection is a company that Achieving excellence
combines blast engineering analysis and The VSL Academy training facilities
design expertise with a global specialist bring together all of VSL’s technical
In addition to standard steel ducts,
construction network. This expertise expertise in order to equip each
VSL supplies its PT-PLUS® duct system
for enhanced corrosion protection allows VSL to provide relevant and secure trainee with proven knowledge
and fatigue resistance of the tendons. infrastructure protection solutions. about the company’s post-
tensioning systems. Three stages of
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
theoretical and hands-on training

are provided, all in accordance with
international recommendations for
training and qualification of
personnel in specialist post-
tensioning works. This ensures a
consistent approach and
encourages the sharing of best
practice.
VSL’s experience, technical

knowledge and continuous
development of products and
solutions combine to make the
difference. Long-term client
relationships are testament to VSL’s
abilities as a reliable project
manager. VSL’s international
network allows for cooperation
across the group whenever
additional expertise is needed on a
project. Big players in the
construction of containment Another LNG tank project in Korea:
Pyongtaek, completed in 2010.
structures repeatedly rely on VSL.
15
The best example is the amount of

repeat works provided to the main
From LNG to nuclear contractor Samsung. After several
applications successful projects in Korea in
Nuclear containment structures present unique recent years, VSL is now working
challenges in terms of the required performance, with Samsung on the SLNG site in
the difficulty of installation, the specialised layout Singapore (see box). “When
and the size of the tendons. Special designs and problems occur, they look for
methods are essential to meet the extremely solutions and solve them”, says
stringent requirements for installation and long- Shin Won Seob, site manager for
term behaviour. Some of the issues encountered in Samsung C&T on the SLNG project.
nuclear applications are also met in LNG tanks due Bong-Doo Park, responsible for
to the long circular tendons. VSL’s recent R&D project control at SLNG adds: “We
activities and involvement in the nuclear field are have already worked on several LNG
applied to other containment structures as well, tank projects in Korea with them and
ensuring the highest level of safety and durability at our cooperation is very successful.
all times. We will definitely recommend
increasing VSL’s scope in future
projects.” ■
Today, LNG accounts for nearly a quarter of the international natural gas trade.
Gas Field Liquefaction Storage Shipping Storage Regasification Gas Utilities

facility tank tank plant
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
SITE INSIGHTS
Spain and
Gibraltar
Terminal
success
> VSL Spain’s recent transport
projects have included cruise and
bus terminals, as well as the
departure and arrival halls at
Murcia and Gibraltar airports. VSL
scope has covered both, the post-
tensioning specialist works and
supply of special systems such as
bearing, architectural bar systems
and VSoL®.
A post-tensioned solution was
chosen for both terminal buildings
to allow spans of up to 14m.
Dragados built the Gibraltar
terminal to Valladares Ingeniería’s
design and the project was a great
16
success, despite working in an
operational airport. The new
Murcia terminal – built by SACYR
to a Pondio Ingenieros design –
was also challenging because of
the schedule, which required
40,000m2 of slabs to be built in four
months. ■ Contact: posso@vslsp.com
Spain
Dramatic stays at Talavera
> CTT-Stronghold (VSL Spain) is long. VSL has supplied and
nearing completion of work on a installed 2,000t of stay cable strand
project that includes a dramatic and 152 dampers. In total, 466t of
cable-stayed bridge over the PT strand have also been installed,
Tajo River and its approach with 1,700 CS 2000 anchorages.
viaducts. Stays are covered with a The client is Castilla-La Mancha’s
deep red external pipe in contrast Department of Civil Works.
to the white concrete of the Engineering is by Estudio AIA and
structure. The cable-stayed the main contracting joint venture
structure has a free span of 318m is led by SACYR, working with
supported from a 185m-high Aglomancha and J Bárcenas. ■
inclined pylon by stays up to 410m Contact: jmartinez@vslsp.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
Spain Portugal
Spanning the Ulla river Precasting
in the
Azores
> CTT-Stronghold (VSL Spain) has and special SSI 2000 anchorages
recently completed the supply and connect it to the permanent
installation of post-tensioning and abutment. The cantilevered arch was
temporary stays for a new high- supported by 24 pairs of temporary
17
speed rail viaduct over the Ulla River. stay cables, which had to be adjusted
The 168m main span of the 630m during construction. The work
viaduct is formed by a 105m-high required special stressing tools,
stilted arch. Anchorages connected hollow jacks and stressing chairs. ■
the deck to a temporary abutment Contact: gislas@vslsp.com
Mexico
Valle Oriente variety > A consortium of VSL Portugal
and precasting specialist
> The innovative VAO project at Vigobloco has designed and cast
Valle Oriente in San Pedro includes elements for 19 viaducts and
office, residential and commercial 39 overpasses on a new 95km
spaces together with a five-star highway being built by Ferrovial in
hotel. VSL has been involved the Azores. The viaduct decks are
recently with the second and third composed of five I-shaped
of five phases of the scheme longitudinal beams. These were
designed by V&FO Arquitectos for installed on temporary bearings,
developer Internacional de together with precast planks, to
Inversiones. Liu Residences is a support the casting of an in-site
post-tensioned 36-storey concrete slab in a second phase.
residential building where VSL has The overpass cross-section
developed the structural design and recently begun the installation of features U-shaped beams and
the post-tensioning for 40,000m2 of post-tensioning for 71,000m2 of planks. The project’s precasting
slabs. The third phase is creating a slabs. The fourth and fifth phases plant produced 406 concrete
mixed-use 45-storey building with are still under development and beams and 50,000m2 of planks at
corporate and residential areas. include a 60-storey mixed-use an average rate of four beams and
VSL has been developing the building. ■ Contact: 480m2 of planks per week. ■
structural engineering and has mmartinez@vslmex.com.mx Contact: ralmeida@vslsistemas.pt
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
SITE INSIGHTS
USA
Bridge’s
last lift
> VStructural and VSL have
completed the first of two critical
lifts for Granite Construction’s
dismantling of the Old River Bridge
over the Mississippi River using
VSL’s lifting and lowering technology.
Traffic now uses a new bridge, which
features VSL stay cables. The old
bridge has frequently been struck by
Spain barges and even survived a plane
crash. In a single long shift, VSL
18
Viaduct venture used eight SMU 120s to lower its
125m-long 950t main span onto
barges, held in the swift current by
> A complex three-phase launching temporary supports before launching tugs. ■ Contact: jmctaggart@vsl.net
operation has taken place in San it in two phases using VSS skidding
Sebastian to install a 160m equipment and SLU 70 units.
composite bridge weighing 600t over Temporary steel towers with jacks
the A-8 motorway for client JV Altuna
y Uria – Murais. First step was to jack
were used in controlling the loads
and levels at the two piers. ■ Contact:
Germany
up the 600t curved viaduct from its jmmartinez@vslsp.com
Hannover’s
Spain atrium lift
Twin tilt at Toledo > The expansion of HDI-Gerling’s
central office building in
Hannover features a remarkable
> CTT-Stronghold (VSL Spain) atrium roof that will cover the
has successfully completed complete building. VSL executed
jacking and tilting work to repair a the roof tensioning operation for
concrete bridge in Toledo. The client Max Bögl. Four pylons
bridge is composed of two support the 50m by 50m area and
independent decks, each with tensioning was carried out
seven prefabricated 2m-high simultaneously by 56 lifting units
double-T beams and a top slab. placed around the edges. The
Differential ground subsidence had operation pulled the edge columns
caused irregular cavities to appear. into position, enabling installation
The client decided that the best of 20t of glass façade. ■ Contact:
solution involved installing new robert.moger@vsl.com
piers, raising each deck with the
VSL VeRSO® system and adding
new crossbeams. ■ Contact:
jmmartinez@vslsp.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
Poland N O T E P A D
Ready for kick-off St Petersburg aqueduct. VSL
has been awarded the stay cable
works on the Petrokom Stay
(photo courtesy of designer Schlaich Bergermann & Partner)
Bridge, which will carry two

2m-diameter water pipes. The
130m main span is supported
from an inclined pylon by five
pairs of SSI 2000 stays, and one
pair for the back span.
Stays for Kirovskiy. VSL has
been awarded by Volgospetsstroy
the contract for stay cable
design, component & equipment
supply and technical assistance
for the Kirovskiy bridge in
Russia. The stay cables will be
installed in a symmetric fan
configuration. VSL will supply
and install 56 SSI 2000 stays.
Dozens of decks. VSL is carrying
out post-tensioning works for a
project on the A4 highway in
southeast Poland. The project
requires post-tensioning for 19
> Poland’s New National Stadium together with two tension rings and a
36 bridge decks built on
in Warsaw will play an important stunning central spire. VSL was
falsework. The largest viaduct
part in the 2012 UEFA European commissioned to install 148 jacks for
will contain 1,200t of post-
Football Championship, the erection of the cable net roof
tensioning. In total, VSL will
accommodating 56,000 spectators structure. Erection was in two stages
install 2,700t of strands,
underneath a cable-net and - cable lifting followed by tensioning. 2,000 GC anchorages and
membrane roof system. The roof The stadium opens later this year. ■ 430 GCK couplers.
structure features 144 radial cables Contact: lars.schoenlein@vsl.com
Spain
High-speed launch
> CTT-Stronghold (VSL in Spain) speed rail network. The viaduct is on temporary steel supports and
has successfully launched a curved in plan with a total length of launched in two phases using the
composite viaduct over the 120m and the total weight VSS 500 skidding system. ■
Verdugo River for Spain’s high- launched was 950t. It was built up Contact: jmmartinez@vslsp.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
SITE INSIGHTS
Switzerland
Slope on the water
> Switzerland’s A9 highway links bridges, tunnels and retaining 293m-long wall that stabilises
20
Lausanne to Villeneuve and about walls. The lake section built in 1974 slopes beneath the highway. Anchor
30km runs along the shores of Lake now needs major upgrades to meet installation began last year and the
Geneva. Steep slopes, deep ravines today’s safety and environmental second phase is under way to install
and spurs have dictated the standards. VSL has been appointed the remaining 54 anchors. ■
construction of major viaducts, to supply and install anchors for a Contact: christophe.candolfi@vsl.com
Switzerland
Thin eggshell
> The new Il Diamante de Chiasso
shopping mall features the
technically impressive feat of a
huge but extremely thin concrete
shell. The egg-shaped structure
stands 22.5m high and has a width
of 52m and length of 92m, with no
intermediate columns. Its walls are
just 100mm to 120mm thick. The
shell’s sloping zones are made
from shotcrete, accounting for
about 70% of the surface, while the
rest of the structure is of poured
concrete. VSL’s post-tensioned
cables are installed at the shell’s
median level, to withstand the hoop
forces generated by the above
structure working as a vault. ■
Contact: Hannes.mueller@vsl.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
Czech Republic
Historic renovation
extensive project to renovate part
of Ostrava’s historic district. Two
L-shaped buildings together form
a square, five-storey complex of
offices and shops. The structure
was designed with post-tensioned
slabs using the four-strand system
in a flat duct with SO 6-4 and H 6-4
anchorages. Multistrand cables
and EC anchorages were installed
in the beams, typically of 15m
span. The VSL ADAPT system was
used to control the stressing of the
117t of prestressing steel. The
> The Forum Nova Karolina building’s main contractor was
shopping and entertainment Gemo Olomouc and the design was
centre is a key aspect of an by PPP. ■ Contact: pvanek@vsl.cz
Qatar
Banking on PT Switzerland
21
Writers’
retreat
> Six writers’ ‘cabins’ will be
attached to the canopy of
Switzerland’s Maison de l’Ecriture
in Montricher, whose design
resembles a honeycomb with
270 cells. The 400mm-thick
canopy will have a 4,500m2 surface
area and will be supported by
96 pillars, which are between 9m
and 18m high. The structure has
been built with traditional
reinforced concrete as well as non
post-tensioned strands 1/4” and
> VSL Middle East continues its tensioning for 30,000m2 of PT slabs. post-tensioned strands 0.6”. In
long history of challenging projects The project consultant is DARA, while addition to the post-tensioning,
in Qatar with a contract for the new Hyder Consulting is independent VSL provided seven sliding
International Islamic Bank (IIB) consultant for the PT works. The IIB neoprene bearings, which were
headquarters and commercial tower. headquarters building consists of required for part of the canopy.
Work is currently about 50% 44 post-tensioned floors above Post-tensioning has allowed two
complete. In 2009, Haman Bin Khalid basement, ground floor and 12m-high buildings to be anchored
Contracting awarded VSL Middle mezzanine levels. Work began on site to the ground in a column-free
East the contract for the design, in October and is currently at level 29. zone. ■ Contact:
supply and supervision of post- ■ Contact: a.dodds@vslme.ae christophe.candolfi@vsl.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
SITE INSIGHTS
Hong Kong
Truss
for TKO
> VSL has designed a modular

truss system to erect the TKO
Bridge, whose deck is supported on
arch piers that cantilever 10m from
the pile cap. The system will be first
used to build the arch supports
before being modified and
repositioned for use in lifting the
1,600t deck. The truss system was
pre-assembled on land in two
sections weighing 30t and 70t,
before being transported by barge
22
and installed in March. ■ Contact:
Lewis.wong@vsl-intrafor.com
Australia
Hunter
alliance
> VSL Australia has formed a
sub-alliance with Thiess for the
construction of three viaducts on the
F11 Hunter Expressway. The
Australia viaducts will be built using the
balanced cantilever method. The
Precast advantage scope for VSL includes modification
of the launching girder used
on the Gateway Upgrade Project
> Use of precast pier Work is being carried out by the and the design, set-up and operation
construction on Melbourne’s Tulla Sydney Alliance, consisting of of the precast moulds for the
38km M80 Ring Road Upgrade has VicRoads, Thiess, Parsons 564 segments. The sub-alliance is
allowed each pier to be erected in a Brinckerhoff and Hyder. VSL’s sub- also supplying and erecting the
single night shift, requiring only contract covered the supply of the precast concrete columns. The
short, off-peak lane closures. The precast and the supply and design of the precast moulds is
other major benefit is that the piers installation of pier post-tensioning, nearing completion and the erection
are cast indoors, unaffected by involving 69 pier segments and of deck segments is due to start in
inclement weather. Conventional 28 crossheads. ■ Contact: late August, with project completion
in-situ methods would have jmckenzie@vsl-australia.com.au scheduled for November 2012. ■
required long-term lane closures. Contact: ccalder@vsl-australia.com.au
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
Australia N O T E P A D
Anchors Dolsan delivery. VSL Korea’s
scope on the cable-stayed
for Banora Second Dolsan Bridge included

deck construction, post-
tensioning and stay cable supply
> Ground anchors are an important and installation. VSL carried out
tasks including the design of the
feature of the Pacific Highway
form traveller and analysis for
bypass, where VSL was awarded a
superstructure construction. The
sub-contract by the Banora Point
230m main span was completed
Upgrade Alliance, which is made up
end 2010.
of Abigroup Contractors, Seymour
White, RTA and SMEC. One of the Cutting curves. The Anthony’s
main portions of work is the Cutting project involves
Malaysia excavation of Sextons Hill to depths realigning 5km of highway to
up to 18m. VSL’s sub-contract covers avoid steep inclines and tight
No impact supply and installation of permanent
ground anchors, drainage and soil
curves. It is being undertaken by
an alliance made up of VicRoads,
John Holland and Aecom. VSL’s
on traffic nails. The 434 anchors involve a total
drilled length of 9,500m. VSL started
the permanent works in January. ■
sub-contract covers supply and
post-tensioning of 102 pier
segments. Precasting ensures
> Kuala Lumpur City Hall adopted Contact: ghoesman@vsl-
speedier construction and
a fully precast solution for the australia.com.au
enhances safety by reducing
Bangsar flyovers and VSL has
working at height. 23
worked in joint venture with a local
contractor for the precasting and Saima overpass. North of
erection works. A total of 10 columns Bangkok, the Department of
and 158 box girder segments were Rural Roads designed an
erected, using the free cantilever overpass to reduce traffic
method for the deck. Day-time traffic congestion at the Saima junction
disruption had to be minimised and in Nontaburi Province. Main
so precast components were erected contractor Thaiwat Highways
only at night. VSL’s method required Engineering awarded VSL a sub-
a width of just 4m, mitigating the contract for 210t of post-
impact on traffic. ■ Contact: tensioning. Completion is
ckchong@vsl.com.my scheduled for July 2011.
Hong Kong
Beating granite Site
> Dragages-Bouygues JV awarded fissure grouting. Extensive utilities Building Building
Intrafor a contract to build make drilling a challenge. Twin-bore

diaphragm walls and carry out tunnels are being excavated running Fill
Existing Utilities
ground treatment works for a 1.15km north and 2.4km south of a
Marine Drilling for Jet
complex MTRC contract covering a TBM launching shaft. Intrafor is also Deposits Grout (Inclined
34 to 42m
where required)
section of Hong Kong’s Express Rail building the shaft, made of a 44m-
Link project. Intrafor will be in deep diaphragm wall with a total Alluvium
charge of a wide range work for excavation volume of 21,000m3.

ground treatment to allow Ground conditions are difficult due Completely
Decomposed
underground works and to limit the to the presence of a concrete Granite
Railway
Railway
Tunnel
effects of tunnelling works as close seawall founded on a rockfill bund Tunnel
Cross Passage Jet Grout Zone
as 1m to existing structures. with underlying granite. ■ Contact: to be mined
Techniques include jet and rock olivier.haye@vsl-intrafor.com Jet Grouting for Cross Passage
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
SITE INSIGHTS
Thailand
Expert
advice
> VSL Thailand has been working
on the reconstruction of
Bangkok’s Central World
Shopping Centre and Big C
24
Taiwan Ratchadamri mall, which were
both damaged by arson attacks in
Unusual design last year’s civil unrest. VSL

provided expert post-tensioning
advice during inspections of the
> Ocean Grand in Taipei is a satisfying both structural safety and fire-damaged structures, followed
15-storey residential building architectural objectives. by cutting and re-anchoring of
featuring wave-shaped balconies, VSL provided the post-tensioning unbonded post-tensioning to allow
which have repeating shapes on design, materials and installation safe demolition of slabs damaged
alternate floors. The developer for the balcony slabs. The project beyond repair. In addition, sections
Da-In and the main contractor uses the VSL S-5 slab bonded post- of damaged floor slabs were
Continent Engineering Corporation tensioned system anchorage for a rebuilt using the VSL Bonded Slab
both appreciated VSL’s post- total slab area of 13,000m2. Since its post-tensioning system. Both
tensioned solution, which enabled completion in October 2010, Ocean shopping centres have partially
this unusual design to become Grand has become a landmark on reopened, with full reopening
reality. Post-tensioning allowed the bank of the Dan-Sui River. ■ expected this year. ■ Contact:
cantilevers of up to 4.75m, Contact: jesse.chen@vsl.com sombat.sermchareonkit@vsl.com
Taiwan
Cable stayed and bascule
> Stay cable installation work bridge and its cable-stayed section
was carried out end 2010 for a has a 72.9m-high pylon designed to
combined cable-stayed and bascule resemble a ship’s sail. VSL Taiwan
bridge that will become a landmark carried out the stay cable sub-
at DaPeng Bay, Taiwan’s largest contract, fitting a total of 20 stay
lagoon and a national leisure area. cables. ■ Contact:
The crossing of the lagoon’s mouth Jack.tsai@vsl.com
features Taiwan’s first bascule
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
South Korea
Fixing links
> VSL has been extensively
involved in the Busan-Geoje Fixed
Link project, an 8.2km route
linking Busan and the island of
Geoje. The project includes 3.2km
of immersed tunnel - for which VSL
Korea carried out the precasting
and construction – and two cable- deck is made up of steel grillage damper assessment, design and
stayed bridges. Bridge 1 has a and concrete panels with in-situ detailing. VSL friction dampers and
three pylon arrangement with two stitches. SSI 2000 stay cables of up Gensui dampers were installed
230m-long main spans and two to 6-55 were used, with lengths following deck closure and fine
106m side spans. VSL Korea between 32m and 124m. VSL’s tuning of the stays. The official
supplied and installed the stays, technical centre in Asia worked on opening took place in mid-
temporary stays and dampers and the choice of stay cables and December 2010. ■ Contact:
concrete panels. The composite installation method, as well as whkang@vslkorea.co.kr
Thailand
Roundabout 25
overpass
> Laksi Monument roundabout
is one of the most congested
roundabouts in Bangkok. Even
though a north-south tunnel was
built a few years ago, Department
of Highways has decided to
construct an east-west overpass.
Siam C Bridge was appointed as
the contractor to build the
segmental box girder structure
Thailand and VSL was awarded a contract
for supply and installation of 325t
Lines engaged with MRT of post- tensioning. The project

started in October 2010 and
completion is scheduled for
> VSL and Intrafor’s work on the the AF-anchorage for vertical October 2011. ■ Contact:
extension of the Bangkok MRT post-tensioning in the columns. shaun.iles@vsl.com
continues a long history, which has In addition, VSL will carry out
seen them involved in every line so 5km of segment erection using its
far. Main contractors Ch Karnchang own gantry and will provide and
and Sino Thai Engineering & operate a form traveller for a
Construction awarded VSL 70m-span bridge. Furthermore,
(Thailand) the external post- VSL is supplying and installing
tensioning for the Purple Line’s 333t of post-tensioning for a
entire 14km length of precast balanced cantilever bridge for
concrete viaduct. VSL was also the State Railway’s Red Line
awarded a further 2,000t of project. ■ Contact:
internal post-tensioning, including sombat.sermchareonkit@vsl.com
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
R&D
STAY CABLES
In-situ performance analysis

VSL extends its stay cable offer by implementation of inspection and
providing a fully integrated maintenance plans as well as the
and compact performance of measurement
analysis system campaigns and the subsequent
based on in-situ evaluation of the obtained data. ■
evaluation of
the vibration
behaviour of
individual stay cables. In the field
Vibratest has been successfully
Vibratest is a tailor-made
monitoring unit consisting of applied for damper performance
custom-designed hardware estimation on a number of projects.
components including
accelerometers, a high frequency load cells at the Incheon Bridge - South Korea
sampling data acquisition system cable anchorages
and a robust computer with a • Damping performance
graphical user interface. The assessment by determining the
26
system allows performing vibration behaviour of a cable with
automatic data processing and and without dampers. This allows
analyses on-demand as well as the validation of the performance
generating measurement reports of an individual damper.
on the spot. The sensors are The operating principle is based on
housed in a robust and fully the measurement of the cable’s
Vibratest analysis performed on
encapsulated casing attached to acceleration and subsequent a landmark project
the cable at a certain distance processing of the signal according Incheon Bridge in South Korea, with its 800m long
from the anchorage. All other to different algorithms. By main span has been equipped with 192 VSL
electronic parts are integrated in a measuring the ambient vibration dampers. Part of the VSL scope was the
rugged carry-case including occurring on the cable due to assessment of the dampers’ performance in-situ.
batteries for a completely flexible continuous external effects like The Vibratest analysis software has been applied
deployment during measurement traffic or wind, Vibratest detects to validate the damping characteristics against
campaigns. the tension with an accuracy in the the specified requirements.
range of the one obtained by force The results of the measurements have been
Vibratest is a measurement using a hydraulic presented at the fib (International Federation for
multi-functional system, jack at the anchorage (lift-off). For Structural Concrete) convention in Washington 2010.
offering a wide range evaluation of the damping
of applications characteristics, the cable is Luling Bridge – Louisiana, USA
• Monitoring of the stay cable initially excited and Vibratest
tension on site during the measures the cable’s free
construction phase avoiding the response over time.
need for labour intensive tension
measurements by jacking of the Vibratest is a complimentary offer
anchorage (lift-off) or the to VSL’s state-of-the-art SSI-2000
installation of permanent or stay cable system with its Friction Easy to use integrated system
temporary load cells. and Gensui Dampers, but can also for accurate analysis
• Tension monitoring after bridge be applied as part of an inspection Vibratest has been used for the in-situ
completion during the and maintenance programme. measurement and damping analysis on Luling
maintenance phase as part of VSL can assist its clients in the Bridge. Cross analyses performed by external
regular inspection operations systematic planning of experts confirmed the accuracy of the
without the requirement to install maintenance operations, the measurements.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
TECHNICAL REPORT
POST-TENSIONING SYSTEMS
Slab system to be born

The VSLAB® S-Series will become the latest member of VSL’s anchorage
family complying with ETAG 013 offering an interesting new alternative
in the slab market. Launch is planned mid 2011.
27
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
POST-TENSIONING SYSTEMS
TECHNICAL REPORT
The improved constructability of

post-tensioned slabs, the overall
savings on materials and formwork
systems due to more slender
elements as well as accelerated
construction cycles combined with
larger spans and wider support
column grids are the key success
factors of modern post-tensioned
floors in buildings. Enhanced
durability due to crack control and
a significant reduction in carbon
emissions by drastically reducing
the volume of concrete and
reinforcing steel are becoming ever
more important additional benefits
in today’s sustainable construction
environment.
28
Modern quality
requirements
Only the use of efficient and
durable post-tensioning VSL post-tensioning technology: a cost effective and elegant solution
components designed to the latest to tackle the challenges of modern construction.
quality requirements can ensure

that owners, clients and users are Nowadays, modern and Introducing®
getting the best value for their internationally applicable codes, the VSLAB S-Series
project. guidelines and recommendations The new VSLAB® S-Series is a slab
are available to assist owners, post-tensioning system based on
Historically, regional preferences, designers and post-tensioning 0.6-inch strand technology
codes and acceptance of different specialists in specifying suitable consisting of end anchorages and
construction methods have led to systems for an enhanced couplers combined with a flat duct
a wide variety of anchorage and performance. One of the most for use in slender slab elements.
ducting systems used in slab advanced documents in that The availability of tendon sizes
construction around the world. As respect is the European Technical S6-1, S6-2, S6-3, S6-4 and S6-5
a result, the slab market has seen Approval Guideline ETAG 013 with ultimate capacities between
over time the appearance of a integrating the know-how of 260kN and 1,395kN allows a
number of low grade components. numerous other international stepless selection of the required
Based on current knowledge and documents. VSL had early-on tendon force and spacing. Strand
state-of-the-art, which are the identified the need for enhanced grades can be varied according to
result of continuous research & systems in the building sector and local availability in line with all
development in the post-tensioning its continuous development of the commonly applicable standards.
industry, many of these systems slab post-tensioning technology The S-Series has been detailed for
have to be considered as has also been at the origin of the maximum efficiency by minimizing
incompatible with modern quality creation of a new anchorage series friction losses. While its block-out
requirements jeopardizing the which is currently undergoing size is designed to be integrated in
durability of a structure and extensive testing to ensure its the thinnest slabs it still allows
resulting in a shorter service life compliance with the most stringent early stressing for accelerated
and increased life-cycle costs. quality requirements. construction cycles. The ‘slap-on’
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
VSLAB®
principle (installation of the The new VSLAB® S-Series can be
in the lab
anchorage after casting of the used in combination with flat steel The new VSLAB® S-Series is designed to
concrete) offers major advantages ducts or with VSL’s proprietary comply with the requirements of the
to contractors by separating the PT-Plus® plastic ducts providing European Technical Approval Guideline ETAG
critical paths of concreting and reduced friction during stressing 013:
post-tensioning while at the same and enhanced corrosion • Resistance to static load
time minimizing finishing works. protection. ■ The system must withstand a specified
Grout caps are available as an percentage of the strands ultimate capacity
optional accessory further without premature failure.
enhancing the durability of the
system by providing maximum 0.5" System
protection against aggressive 100% 0.6" System
environmental agents. 80%
60%
By extending its range of slab 40%
anchorage units to all
20%
intermediate tendon sizes between
one and five strands, VSL’s 0.6-inch 0%
1 2 3 4 5
system offers a highly efficient Strands per tendon unit • Resistance to fatigue loading
29
alternative to existing 0.5-inch Productivity of duct and anchorage installation
The tendon must withstand dynamic loading
systems still in use in some areas. For the same amount of pre-stressing the use without exceeding a specified allowable
The application of a stepless 0.6- of 0.6-inch strand and larger anchorage units loss of cross section.
inch anchorage series provides allows major savings on cycle times
vast productivity gains and hence • Load transfer to the structure
significantly accelerates Anchorage and local zone reinforcement
installation cycles. must be able to transfer a specified
percentage of the tendon’s ultimate
strength to the concrete without undue
cracking of the structure.
The new VSLAB® S-Series is a slab

post-tensioning system based
on 0.6-inch strand technology
consisting of end anchorages and
couplers combined with a flat duct
for use in slender slab elements.
The new VSLAB® S-Series has moved a

step closer to market introduction with the
successful completion of testing according
to FDOT (Florida Department of
Transportation) requirements.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
INTERVIEW
BARS
“Quality is now considered m o

Stahlwerk Annahütte is world leader in the threadbar
business with the market’s largest product range. Peter
Meyer, CEO, comments for VSL News Magazine the business
opportunities and challenges of the bar industry.
Where does Stahlwerk for 2011 is 70,000t, a figure that is should never lose time and money
Annahütte stand? likely to go up in the coming years. because of bad quality of the parts.
Stahlwerk Annahütte (SAH) is the In addition, we also provide SAH’s competitors have difficulties
world number one in the accessories, couplers, end in keeping to these quality levels.
production of hot rolled threaded anchorages, nuts and plates.
steel bars. We have our own How do you see the immediate
subsidiaries but also market our SAH’s growth rates are future?
30
products via sales partners. We impressive, what are the Countries such as China, India,
have – and this is a particular reasons? Indonesia and the South-American
strength of ours - successfully The first reason is that we produce continent are upgrading their
applied for the different approvals high-quality products. Even in so- infrastructure at an impressive
required in design offices and on called low-wage countries, quality speed. We are looking into the
construction sites around the becomes more and more mining industry in Australia.
world. important. Frequently, we notice We have products that are
that quality is now considered particularly well suited to mining
We produce two product ranges: more decisive than the price. applications, including fully
SAS Threadbars and SBQ bars. German products are considered grouted anchors, resin anchors
The SBQ bars are primarily used in high quality and innovative. Clients and expansion shell anchors.
the automotive industry.
We provide the construction and
civil engineering industries with
our SAS threadbars. We roll a
continuous thread along the whole
length during manufacturing, so
the bar can be cut to any length
and coupled for specific
requirements. Applications are
limitless - we adapt to our clients’
requests. Diameters vary from
12mm-75mm, with steel grades
ranging from a low 500 to a high
950 – 1050, used for post-
tensioning applications. The
threadbar systems are suitable for
all kinds of applications:
reinforcements, post-tensioning, The stock of bars at the
warehouse of VSL Middle East
geotechnical applications, mining
in Dubai allows to keep the
and tunnelling, marine ties and lead time to a minimum
formwork ties. Our forecast output
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
m ore decisive than the price”

What is your relationship with VSL? 15 years now, our approaches are
Hot or cold?
SAH is a system provider; we not similar and our relationship is
only supply parts, but also VSL offers a wide range of hot-rolled and marked by respect and
complete solutions for technical cold-rolled products. The VSL Bar system is understanding. Neither VSL nor
engineering professionals used for soil nails, rock bolts, micropiles SAH provides low-quality, low-cost
throughout the world. We run our and similar applications. The corrosion products and solutions. The
own sales offices in areas where protection depends on the required service ongoing exchange of ideas and
our clients and partners, such as life, the consequences of failure of a group communication between us helps
VSL, are not represented. We have of anchors and on prevailing environmental us to create new potential
close ties to VSL in regions such as conditions. VSL provides a full range of applications and markets with a
the Middle East and Singapore, protection options to meet project reliable long-term partner. ■
where we have joint venture requirements and all comply with
agreements. international regulations.
Made in Germany
How do you innovate? The history of 31
Originally, threadbars were used Is this always achieved through Stahlwerk
as post-tensioning elements in partnerships? Annahütte goes
bridges. The surface of the product Partnerships can have different back to 1537,
itself has not changed much forms. In Switzerland, for instance, almost 475 years
during the last 50 years. At the VSL is market leader in the ago, when Prince-
beginning, there were only three threadbar business. We wanted to Archbishop of Salzburg,
different diameters; today we have reinforce this strong position by filed a decree of foundation. Stahlwerk
broadened these ranges. Our creating a dedicated entity. VAS is Annahütte has been in production ever since
innovations are in new a 70:30-owned company that and is the oldest steelworks in Europe, with
applications, developed together demonstrates the cooperation three production facilities for accessories in
with our clients. Our strength is to between VSL and SAH and has Germany, in Slovakia and in Romania that
come up with innovations in brought together expertise from follow stringent quality control and
applications and new products. We both companies. We have joint assurance procedures. It was taken over by
team up with the best in the field venture agreements in the Middle Max Aicher group in in 1975. Stahlwerk
and come up with what’s best for East and Asia, where VSL already Annahütte supplies its customised steel
the end client and the project. We has a presence and is a preferred bars to the automotive, tool and
cooperate with the market leaders partner. Sometimes, we opt for construction industries, always providing
to develop new concepts. simple cooperation, as in Germany. ‘Made in Germany’ quality for any
Also, SAH strives to achieve value- application.
added sales with real partners, not What makes you feel close
mere resellers. We have worked to VSL?
hard to reach our position and we VSL is market leader in technical
need to extend our economic lead engineering and develops
and increase our distribution and innovative solutions worldwide
sales network. To do so, we rely on which are always creative and
market leaders that will not only technically challenging - they think
buy and resell, but also develop out of the box. VSL is working
with us new applications that throughout the world; this is what
confirm our business position. This we aim to do, too. We speak the
interaction is very important for all same language and understand
parties involved. each other. Our cooperation has
been successful for more than
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
BRIDGE DECONSTRUCTION
TECH SHOW
NEWMARKET VIADUCT REPLACEMENT PROJECT
Staged
success
The Newmarket Viaduct Replacement project combines staged
construction with deconstruction of the existing viaduct in the
heart of Auckland, New Zealand. The staged approach allows
the motorway to remain open to traffic throughout the project.
32 This is the first time a bridge of this size has been taken apart
in this way and VSL is part of the project alliance.
N E W S N ° 2 - 2 0 1 0
33
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
TECH SHOW
1 Start with creating the new

southbound structure
Works started at the end of 2008.
The first of 468 segments were cast
in early May.
At the same time, substructure
works started with the foundation
and the piers. Half of the piers are
built on pad footings and the
remainder on piles and pile caps.
34
2 Erect the pier segment, commission gantry and

launch the new southbound
The pier segment shells are delivered from the precast
yard about 25km south of the viaduct and erected on top of
the first two piers. The reinforcement is then fixed and the
pier segment diaphragm is cast in-situ. During November
2009, the first two balanced cantilevers, consisting of 20
segments each, were erected by cranes and connected at
the centre span with a cast in-situ closure pour. Completion
of this 120m-long deck allowed assembly of the launching
gantry, followed by commissioning and load testing. The
gantry carried out segment erection from February to July
2010, ready for installation of the edge barriers, drainage,
road lighting and pavement. The launching gantry was then
moved away from the new structure during an 18 hour
switchover, allowing the new southbound carriageway to
open to traffic on 4 September 2010.
Construction sequence
Old southbound Old northbound New southbound Old southbound Old northbound New southbound Old southbound Old northbound New southbound Old southbound Old northbound N
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
3 Beware of traffic and cut out

the old southbound carefully
The redundant southbound structure could
not simply be torn down as no traffic
interruptions during the project were allowed.
Instead, it needed to be deconstructed
segment by segment. Extensive temporary
works and propping were required to assure
the stability of the existing southbound and
northbound carriageways throughout the
duration of the works.
35
4 Engage VSL jacks for the mid-span

closure stitch, lower the segments
Temporary works to support the mid-span
closure stitch were installed on top of the deck.
The mid-span segment was cut using diamond
wire cutting equipment so that the VSL strand
jacks installed on the stitching beams could be
engaged, allowing the mid-span closure stitch
segment to be lowered to the ground. The
gantry used to build the new southbound
bridge was then operated to deconstruct the
rest of the cantilever. The same launching
gantry - today almost a landmark in Auckland -
had already been used on Hong Kong’s Deep
Link Bay and on the Waiwera project, just an
hour down the road from Auckland.
bound New southbound Old southbound Old northbound New southbound New northbound Old northbound New southbound New northbound Old northbound New southbound New northbound
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
TECH SHOW
5 Organise separation
Extensive non destructive and
destructive investigation works were
carried out on the existing structure
to verify and confirm the design
assumptions. This work had to be
completed before deconstruction
was allowed to start. During
36 deconstruction, the main focus was
on load monitoring, using strain
gauges installed on the temporary
works. Steel brackets and
transverse propping were installed
to allow separation of the old
southbound and northbound
sections. Installation of longitudinal
propping and a shield beam enabled
segment removal by launching
gantry.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
6 Recycle the viaduct

One of the most important
aspects of the project is that the old
structure will be completely
recycled. Segments are torn apart,
concrete and steel are separated;
the gravel will be reused for road
construction works and the steel
recycled, too.
37
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
TECH SHOW
38
Temporary works – steel brackets, transverse propping, shield beam – were massive on this challenging
project. The overall project scope consists of: construction of a new viaduct, deconstruction of the existing
viaduct, realignment of on- and off-ramps, the Mt Hobson Road noise wall, landscaping and the
replacement of Dilworth Footbridge. The 160,000 vehicles a day crossing the Newmarket Viaduct in the
heart of Auckland make it one of the busiest sections of New Zealand’s motorway network. Built in the mid-
sixties, the Newmarket Viaduct was New Zealand’s first balanced cantilever cast-in-situ bridge. Increased
traffic volumes and insufficient earthquake resistance
have now taken their toll. In November 2008, the NGA
Newmarket Alliance was awarded the contract to
deliver the Newmarket Viaduct Replacement Project by
December 2012. VSL is part of the Alliance in charge of
this; the other partners include the client, New Zealand
Transport Agency (NZTA) together with Leighton
Contractors and Fulton Hogan on the construction side
and, for the design, Beca, URS New Zealand, Tonkin &
Taylor and Boffa Miskell.
Existing viaduct - temporary works
Following Maori tradition

A volcanic stone worked into the
shape of an axe was cast into the first
foundation and the bridge received
Maori blessings.
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
HEADQUARTERS www.vsl.com
VSL International Ltd.
Saegestrasse 76 C R E AT I N G S O L U T I O N S T O G E T H E R
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Phone: +41 58 456 30 00
Fax: +41 58 456 30 95
email: vsl@vsl.com VSL LOCATIONS
Americas Europe Asia
ARGENTINA AUSTRIA SPAIN BRUNEI TAIWAN
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Construcción Argentina SA HIMBERG BARCELONA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM TAIPEI
BUENOS AIRES Phone: +43 2235 87 777 Phone: +34 93 289 23 30 Phone: +673 2 380 153 / 381 827 Phone: +886 2 2759 6819
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CROATIA
^ VSL-SPAM, S.A. CHINA PRC THAILAND
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Postensados de Bolivia ZAGREB Phone: +34 93 846 70 07 HEFEI BANGKOK
San Miguel, La Paz Phone: +385 1 4664 586 Fax: +34 93 846 51 97 Phone: +86 551 382 29 18 Phone: +66 2 679 76 15 - 19
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Fax: +591 2 27 96 183 SWEDEN / NORWAY
CZECH REPUBLIC Internordisk Spännarmering AB HONG KONG VIETNAM
CHILE VSL Systems (CZ) Ltd. VÄSTERHANINGE VSL Hong Kong Ltd. VSL Vietnam Ltd.
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Phone: +56 2 571 67 00 SWITZERLAND
Fax: +56 2 571 67 01 FRANCE VSL (Switzerland) Ltd. Intrafor Hong Kong Ltd. HO CHI MINH CITY
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BOGOTA Fax: +33 05 61 00 96 62
Phone: +57 1 620 96 34 VSL (Suisse) SA FT Laboratories Ltd.
Fax: +57 1 620 58 16 GERMANY SAINT LEGIER PING CHE
VSL Systems GmbH Phone: +41 58 456 30 00 Phone: +852 2758 48 61 Australia
MEXICO BERLIN Fax: +41 58 456 30 95 Fax: +852 2758 89 62
VSL Corporation Mexico S.A de C.V Phone: +49 30 530 28 06-0 VSL Australia Pty. Ltd.
MEXICO Fax: +49 30 530 28 06-99 TURKEY INDIA 39
Mega Yapi Construction & VSL India PVT Ltd. NEW SOUTH WALES
Phone: +52 55 55 11 20 36 Phone: +61 2 9484 5944
Fax: +52 55 55 11 40 03 NETHERLANDS Trade Co. Ltd CHENNAI
Heijmans Beton en Waterbouw B.V. ANKARA Phone: +91 44 4225 11 11 Fax: +61 2 9875 3894
PERU ROSMALEN Phone: +90 312 490 90 66 Fax: +91 44 4225 10 10 QUEENSLAND
Sistemas Especiales de Construcción Phone: +31 73 543 66 02 Fax: +90 312 490 90 55 Phone: +61 7 3265 64 00
Peru S.A. Fax: +31 73 543 66 11 INDONESIA
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LIMA
Phone: +51 1 349 38 38 NORWAY VSL System (UK) Ltd JAKARTA VICTORIA
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VENEZUELA Phone : +48 22 849 22 09 Phone: +61 3 6249 3044
Gestión de Obras Fax : +48 22 849 02 23 KOREA Fax: +61 3 6249 3043
SYRIA VSL Korea Co. Ltd.
y Construcciones C.A. Kahaleh for consulting engineering
CARACAS PORTUGAL SEOUL WEST AUSTRALIA
DAMASCUS Phone: +82 2 553 8200 Phone: +61 8 9437 9575
Phone/Fax: +58 212 941 86 75 VSL Sistemas Portugal Phone: +963 232 47 02
Sede Fax: +82 2 553 8255 Fax: +61 2 9875 3894
Fax: +963 11 22 14 595
Quinta da Fonte MALAYSIA
PAÇO DE ARCOS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES VSL Engineers (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Phone: +351 21 445 83 10 VSL Middle East LLC
Africa Fax: +351 21 444 63 77 DUBAI, UAE
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Phone: +603 7981 47 42
Phone: +971 4 885 7225 Fax: +603 7981 84 22
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Matrix Engineering Company VILA NOVA DE GAIA PHILIPPINES
CAIRO Phone: +351 22 371 18 80 DOHA, QATAR VSL Philippines Inc.
Phone: +20 2 344 19 00 Fax: +351 22 371 19 16 Phone: +974 423 1117 PASIG CiITY
Fax: +20 2 346 04 57 Fax: +974 423 1100 Phone/Fax: +632 672 13 95
SOUTH AFRICA SINGAPORE
Tsala-RMS Construction Solutions (Pty) Ltd VSL Singapore Pte. Ltd.
JOHANNESBURG SINGAPORE
Phone: +27 11 878 6820 Phone: +65 6559 12 22
Fax: +27 11 878 6821 Fax: +65 6257 77 51
N E W S N ° 1 - 2 0 1 1
CREATING
SOLUTIONS
TOGETHER
www.vsl.com

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VSLNews1-2011_VSLNews2-2007 26/05/11 15:06 Page1

highlights LNG TANKS 8

New markets: Modernising Laos

Poland: Ready for kick-off 19

Australia: Precast advantage 22

South Korea: Fixing links 25

Cover photo: Newmarket Viaduct Replacement

ISSUE ONE • 2011

Supplying the dependable systems required to build safe and durable

Being a dependable partner in its business relationships: trusted and

Providing dependable engineering for complex and/or unusual projects: experienced

Dependability in all aspects is not enough on its own - a comprehensive approach is

Daniel Rigout, Chairman and CEO

Enfants des Rizières –

HEALTH AND SAFETY FUND RAISING 1 CERTIFICATION UPDATE

T St. Légier offices in

Donations to T Hanoi was organised by eco

the Solomon and GGIO Vietnam with funding

Islands participants, it was the perfect

V member of the International

I English College under-18 girls’

Formwork Renewable energy

Singapore LNG Terminal on Jurong Island will be

LNG/LPG CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES

Added value from VSL

one of the world’s biggest LNG tank construction sites.

Who needs gas?

Long considered only as a by-

GC 6-19, one of VSL’s anchorages

t ruction of a LNG containment Arzew tanks coming up

Siteworks on SLNG in Singapore

The installation of U-anchorages and the

Health and safety first :

Fit for cryogenic applications:

tests on its E and Gc anchorages

theoretical and hands-on training

VSL’s experience, technical

The best example is the amount of

Gas Field Liquefaction Storage Shipping Storage Regasification Gas Utilities

Bridge, which will carry two

> VSL has designed a modular

for Banora Second Dolsan Bridge included

> Dragages-Bouygues JV awarded fissure grouting. Extensive utilities Building Building

Intrafor a contract to build make drilling a challenge. Twin-bore

charge of a wide range work for excavation volume of 21,000m3.

as 1m to existing structures. with underlying granite. ■ Contact: to be mined

Unusual design last year’s civil unrest. VSL

Lines engaged with MRT of post- tensioning. The project

In-situ performance analysis

Slab system to be born

The improved constructability of

quality requirements can ensure

The new VSLAB® S-Series is a slab

The new VSLAB® S-Series has moved a

“Quality is now considered m o

m ore decisive than the price”

1 Start with creating the new

2 Erect the pier segment, commission gantry and

3 Beware of traffic and cut out

4 Engage VSL jacks for the mid-span

6 Recycle the viaduct

Following Maori tradition

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