Name: __________________,______________________ Date: ___________

Worksheet # 19.3
Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25°C)

Substance ΔH°f (kJ/mol) ΔG°f (kJ/mol) S (J/K-mol)

Calcium
Ca (s) 0 0 41.4
CaCl2 (s) -795.8 -748.1 104.6
Ca2+ (aq) 226.7 209.2 200.8

Chlorine
Cl2 (g) 0 0 222.96
Cl- (aq) -167.2 -131.2 56.5

Oxygen
O2 (g) 0 0 205.0
H2O (l) -285.83 -237.13 69.91

Phosphorus
P2 (g) 144.3 103.7 218.1
PCl3 (g) -288.1 -269.6 311.7
POCl3 (g) -542.2 -502.5 325

Sulfur
S (s, rhombic) 0 0 31.88
SO2 (g) -269.9 -300.4 248.5
SO3 (g) -395.2 -370.4 256.2
1) The value of ΔH° for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide,
2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g) is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +790.4 B) -790.4 C) +395.2 D) -395.2 E) +105.1

2) The value of ΔH° for the decomposition of gaseous sulfur trioxide to its component elements,
2SO3 (g) → 2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g) is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +790.4 B) -790.4 C) +395.2 D) -395.2 E) +105.1

3) The value of ΔG° at 25 °C for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide,
2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g) → 2SO3 (g)
is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +740.8 B) -370.4 C) +370.4 D) -740.8 E) +185.2

4) The value of ΔG° at 25 °C for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur dioxide,
S (s, rhombic) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)
is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +395.2 B) +269.9 C) -269.9 D) +300.4 E) -300.4

5) The value of ΔG° at 25 oC for the decomposition of gaseous sulfur trioxide to solid elemental sulfur
and gaseous oxygen,
2SO3 (g) → 2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g) is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +740.8 B) -370.4 C) +370.4 D) -740.8 E) +185.2
Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Thermodynamic Quantities for Selected Substances at 298.15 K (25°C)

Substance ΔH°f (kJ/mol) ΔG°f (kJ/mol) S (J/K-mol)

Calcium
Ca (s) 0 0 41.4
CaCl2 (s) -795.8 -748.1 104.6
Ca2+ (aq) 226.7 209.2 200.8

Chlorine
Cl2 (g) 0 0 222.96
Cl- (aq) -167.2 -131.2 56.5

Oxygen
O2 (g) 0 0 205.0
H2O (l) -285.83 -237.13 69.91

Phosphorus
P2 (g) 144.3 103.7 218.1
PCl3 (g) -288.1 -269.6 311.7
POCl3 (g) -542.2 -502.5 325

Sulfur
S (s, rhombic) 0 0 31.88
SO2 (g) -269.9 -300.4 248.5
SO3 (g) -395.2 -370.4 256.2

6) The value of ΔG° at 373 K for the oxidation of solid elemental sulfur to gaseous sulfur trioxide,
2S (s, rhombic) + 3O2 (g)  2SO3 (g) is __________ kJ/mol.
A) +740.8 B) -61.3 C) -740.8 D) -728.3 E) +61.3

7) The equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 5.0 × 108 at 25 °C.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)
The value of ΔG° for this reaction is __________ kJ/mol.
A) 22 B) -4.2 C) -25 D) -50 E) -22

8) The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of __________ is zero.

(a) H2O (l)
(b) Na (s)
(c) H2 (g)
A) (a) only B) (b) only C) (c) only D) (b) and (c) E) (a), (b), and (c)

9) For the reaction

C(s) + H2O (g) → CO(g) + H2 (g)
ΔH° = 131.3 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 133.6 J/K · mol at 298 K. At temperatures greater than __________°C this
reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.
A) 273 B) 325 C) 552 D) 710 E) 983
10) The equilibrium position corresponds to which letter on the graph of G vs. f (course of reaction)
below?

A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E

11) For the reaction

C2H6 (g) → C2H4 (g) + H2 (g)
ΔH° is +137 kJ/mol and ΔS° is +120 J/ K · mol. This reaction is __________.
A) spontaneous at all temperatures
B) spontaneous only at high temperature
C) spontaneous only at low temperature
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures

12) A reaction that is not spontaneous at low temperature can become spontaneous at high temperature
if ΔH is __________ and ΔS is __________.
A) +, + B) -, - C) +, - D) -, + E) +, 0

13) For a reaction to be spontaneous under standard conditions at all temperatures, the signs of ΔH° and
ΔS° must be __________ and __________, respectively.
A) +, + B) +, - C) -, + D) -, - E) +, 0

14) Consider the reaction:

Ag + (aq) + Cl- (aq) � AgCl(s)
Given the following table of thermodynamic data at 298 K:

The value of K for the reaction at 25 �

C is __________.
A) 810 B) 5.3 �10 9
C) 1.8 �104 D) 3.7 �1010 E) 1.9 �10-10

15) Of the following, the entropy of __________ is the largest.

A) HCl (l) B) HCl (s) C) HCl (g) D) HBr (g) E) HI (g)

16) Of the following, the entropy of gaseous __________ is the largest at 25 �

C and 1 atm.
A) H 2 B) C 2 H 6 C) C 2 H 2 D) CH 4 E) C 2 H 4

17) For the reaction

C(s) + H 2 O(g) � CO(g) + H 2 (g)
DH�= 131.3 kJ / mol and DS�= 133.6 J / Kmol at 298 K. At temperatures greater than
__________°C this reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions.
A) 273 B) 325 C) 552 D) 710 E) 983
18) For the reaction
C 2 H 6 (g) � C2 H 4 (g) + H 2 (g)
DH�is +137 kJ / mol and DS�is +120 J / Kmol . This reaction is __________.
A) spontaneous at all temperatures
B) spontaneous only at high temperature
C) spontaneous only at low temperature
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures

19) Given the following table of thermodynamic data,

complete the following sentence. The vaporization of PCl3 (l) is __________.

A) nonspontaneous at low temperature and spontaneous at high temperature
B) spontaneous at low temperature and nonspontaneous at high temperature
C) spontaneous at all temperatures
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
E) not enough information given to draw a conclusion

20) With thermodynamics, one cannot determine __________.

A) the speed of a reaction
B) the direction of a spontaneous reaction
C) the extent of a reaction
D) the value of the equilibrium constant
E) the temperature at which a reaction will be spontaneous

21) Given the following table of thermodynamic data,

complete the following sentence. The vaporization of TiCl4 is __________.

A) spontaneous at all temperatures
B) spontaneous at low temperature and nonspontaneous at high temperature
C) nonspontaneous at low temperature and spontaneous at high temperature
D) nonspontaneous at all temperatures
E) not enough information given to draw a conclusion

22) Consider the reaction:

Ag + (aq) + Cl - (aq) � AgCl(s)
Given the following table of thermodynamic data,

determine the temperature (in °C) above which the reaction is nonspontaneous under standard
conditions.
A) 1230 B) 150 C) 432 D) 133 E) 1640
23) Consider the reaction:
FeO(s) + Fe(s) + O 2 (g) � Fe 2O3 (s)
Given the following table of thermodynamic data,

determine the temperature (in °C) above which the reaction is nonspontaneous.
A) This reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.
B) 618.1 C) 756.3 D) 2438 E) 1235

24) If DG�for a reaction is greater than zero, then __________.

A) K = 0 B) K = 1 C) K > 1 D) K < 1 E) More information is needed.

25) Which one of the following statements is true about the equilibrium constant for a reaction if
DG�for the reaction is negative?
A) K = 0 B) K = 1 C) K > 1 D) K < 1 E) More information is needed.

26) For a given reaction, ΔH = -19.9 kJ/mol and ΔS = -55.5 J/K-mol. The reaction will have
DG = 0 at __________ K . at Assume that DH and DS do not vary with temperature.
A) 359 B) 2789 C) 298 D) 2.79 E) 0.359

27) For a given reaction, DH = +35.5kJ / mol and DS = +83.6J / K - mol . The reaction is
spontaneous __________. Assume that DH and DS do not vary with temperature.
A) at T < 425 K
B) at T > 425 K
C) at all temperatures
D) at T > 298 K
E) at T < 298 K

28) Calculate ΔG° (in kJ/mol) for the following reaction at 1 atm and 25°C:
C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)+ H2O (l)
ΔGf° C2H6 (g) = -32.89 kJ/mol; ΔGf° CO2 (g) = -394.4 kJ/mol; ΔGf° H2O (l) = -237.2 kJ/mol
29) Find the temperature above which a reaction with a ΔH of 123 .0 kJ/mol and a ΔS of 90.00
J/K·mol becomes spontaneous.
30) Calculate ΔG° for the autoionization of water at 25°C. Kw = 1.0 × 10-14
Ap Practice
1991
BCl3(g) + NH3(g) Cl3BNH3(s)
The reaction represented above is a reversible reaction.
(a) Predict the sign of the entropy change, ΔS, as the reaction proceeds to the right. Explain your
prediction. (2 POINTS)

(b) If the reaction spontaneously proceeds to the right, predict the sign of the enthalpy change, ΔH.
Explain your prediction. (2 POINTS)
(c) The direction in which the reaction spontaneously proceeds changes as the temperature is increased
above a specific temperature. Explain. (2 POINTS)

(d) What is the value of the equilibrium constant at the temperature referred to in (c); that is, the specific
temperature at which the direction of the spontaneous reaction changes? Explain. (2 POINTS)

1992 B
Cl2(g) + 3 F2(g)  2 ClF3(g)
ClF3 can be prepared by the reaction represented by the equation above. For ClF 3 the standard enthalpy of
formation, DHf, is -163.2 kilojoules/mole and the standard free energy of formation, DGf, is -123.0
kilojoules/mole.
(a) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 298K.

(b) Calculate the standard entropy change, DS, for the reaction at 298K.

(c) If ClF3 were produced as a liquid rather than as a gas, how would the sign and the magnitude
of DS for the reaction be affected? Explain.

(d) At 298K the absolute entropies of Cl2(g) and ClF3(g) are 222.96 joules per mole-Kelvin and
281.50 joules per mole-Kelvin, respectively.
(i) Account for the larger entropy of ClF3(g) relative to that of Cl2(g).

(ii) Calculate the value of the absolute entropy of F2(g) at 298K.