CALCULUS Guidelines 2019

Limits and Continuity

 x3  1 
1. Evaluate: lim  2 
x 1 x  1
 
 x 2 
2. Show that, lim   does not exist.
x 2
 x 2 
3. Evaluate: lim
x 
 ( x2  x  1)  ( x2  1) 
 x 
4. Evaluate: lim  
x 0
 x 
 x 2 ; if x  1

5. If f ( x)   4 x  1; if 1  x  3
 x2  5 ; if x  3

examine whether lim f ( x) and lim f ( x) exists.
x 1 x 3

 1  cos x
6. Evaluate: lim  
 x 
x 0 2

 sin(1  x)  sin(1  x) 
7. Show that: lim    2cos 1
x 0
 x 
 e1/ x  1 
8. Show that: lim  1/ x  does not exist.
x 0
e  1
 2 x2  8 
9. Find, lim  
x 0
 x 2 
10. A function f(x) is defined as follows:

( x2 / a)  a ; when x  a

f ( x)   0 ; when x  a
 a  (a2 / x) ; when x  a


prove that the function f(x) is continuous at x = a.

11. Examine the function defined below for continuity at x = a,

 1  1 

f( x) xa
cos ec  ; x0
 xa
 x0
 0 ;

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12. Show that the function:

f (x)  x  x  1  x  2 is continuous at the points x = 1, 2, 3.

13. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) defined by:

f (x)  x  2  x  3 at x = 2 and x = 3.

14. Examine the continuity of the function defined by,

 x2 ; x0

5 x  4 ; 0  x 1
f ( x)   2
4 x  3 x ; 1  x  2
3 x  4 ;x 2

at the points x = 0, 1, 2.

15. Show that the function

 e1/ x  e1/ x
 ; x0
f ( x)   e1/ x  e1/ x
 0 ; x0


is discontinuous at x = 0.

16. Examine the continuity of the function f(x) at x = 0:

 e1/ x
 ; when x  0
f ( x)   1  e1/ x
 1 ; when x  0

17. Find ‘a’ and ‘b’, so that the function:
 x  a 2 sin x ; 0  x   / 4

f ( x)   2 x cot x  b ;  / 4  x   /2
a cos2 x  b sin x ;  /2  x  


is continuous for x[0, ] .

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Successive Differentiation
1. If y = sin (sin x), prove that
d2 y dy
2
 tan x  y cos2 x  0
dx dx
2. If p2  a2 cos2   b2 sin2  , prove that
d 2 p a 2b2
p  3
d 2 p
3. If y  a cos(log x)  b sin(log x) , show that
d2 y dy
x2 2
 x  y 0
dx dx
4. If x  a sin2(1  cos2) and y  a cos2(1  cos2) ; prove that
3/2
1  (dy / dx)2 
 4 a cos 3
d 2 y / d x2
d2 y
 x2  1   2 x  x2  1  2  0 .
dy
2
5. If y  (tan1 x)2 ; Prove that 2
dx dx
d2 y
If x = sin t and y = sin pt, then prove that 1  x2 
dy
6. 2
 x  p2 y  0 .
dx dx
7. Find the nth differential coefficient of the following functions:
 a x  b 1/(a x  b)
m
i. ii. em x iii.
iv. sin(a x  b) v. cos(a x  b) vi. ea x sin(b x  c)
vii. ea x cos(b x  c) .
8. Find the nth derivative of ea x sin bx cos cx .
n
 y  x
9. If cos 1    log   ; prove that
b n
x2 yn2  2n  1 x yn1  2 n2 yn  0

10. If y  x (x  1) log(x  1)3 , then prove that

d n y 3(1)n 1 (n  3)! (2 x  n)

d xn ( x  1)n 1
11. Find the nth derivative of 1/(a2  x2 ) .

1
12. Find the value of nth derivative of y  em sin x
for x = 0.

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13. If y  cos(m sin1 x) ; Show that

(1  x2 ) yn2  2n  1 x yn1  (m2  n2 ) yn  0 and hence find yn (0) .

1
14. If y  etan x
; Show that
(1  x2 ) yn2  2n  1 x yn1  (n2  a2 ) yn  0 .

 
2
15. If y  log e x  (1  x2 )  ; find ( yn )0 .
 
16. Find the nth derivative of y  cos4 x .
17. Find the nth derivative of y  ea x cos2 x sin x .

Partial Differentiation
 y u u
1. If u  f   ; show that x y 0.
x x y
2 z 2  z
2
2. If z  f (x  a y) (x  a y) ; prove that  a  .
 y2  x2
3. If u  log(tan x  tan y  tan z) , prove that

u u u
(sin 2 x)  (sin 2 y)  (sin 2 z) 2
x y z

1   2   
4. If   t n e r
2
/ 4t
, Find the value of ‘n’ which will make  r  .
r2  r   r   t
5. If u  log(x3  y3  z 3  3 x y z) , show that
2
     9
a.     u
x y z  ( x  y  z)2

 2u  2u  2u 3
b.  2 2
x y z
2
( x  y  z)2
 x3  y 3 
6. If u  tan1   ; x  y , then show that
 x y 
 2u  2u 2  u
2
x2  2 x y  y  (1  4sin2 u)sin2u
x 2
 x y y 2

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x1/ 4  y1/ 4
7. Verify Eular’s theorem for z  .
x1/ 5  y1/ 5
1/2
 x1/3  y1/3 
1
8. If u  sin  1/2 1/2 
, then show that
x  y 
 2u  2u 2  u
2
tanu
x2  2 x y  y  (13  tan2 u)
x 2
 x y y 2
144
9. z is a function of x and y. Prove that if x  eu  ev , y  eu  ev then

z z z z
 x y
u v x y

10. If H  f ( y  z , z  x, x  y) , then prove that

H H H
  0
x y z
11. If u  f (x, y) , where x  r cos  and y  r sin ; then show that
2 2 2 2
u u u 1 u
       2 
 x  y   r  r  
12. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle such that sin2 A  sin2 B  sin2 C  constant,
dA tanB  tanC
Prove that  .
dB tanC  tan A
13. If u and v are functions of x and y defined by:
x  u  e v sin v and y  v  ev cos u ,

u v
prove that  .
y x

14. Find d 2 y / d x2 for x3  y3  3 a x y .

Indeterminate Forms
xe x  log(1  x)
1. Evaluate: lim
x 0 x2
x cos x  log(1  x)
2. Evaluate: lim
x 0 x2

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3. Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ in order that

 x(1  a cos x)  b sin x 
lim 
x0
 x3  may be equal to 1.

 1 
4. Evaluate: lim  sec x  
x  /2
 1  sin x 

1 1 
5. Evaluate: lim  2  2 
x 0  x sin x 

1 
6. Determine, lim  2  cot2 x  as x  0
 x 
2
7. Determine, lim (cos x)1/ x as x  0

8. Evaluate: lim (sin x)tan x

x  /2

1/ x
 tan x 
9. Find, lim  
x 0
 x 
10. Evaluate: lim (cos x)cot x
x0

Jacobian
( x, y) (r , )
1. If x  r cos , y  r sin , then find and .
(r , ) ( x, y)
(x , y , z) 2
2. If x  r cos cos , y  r sinsin, z  r cos , thenshowthat  r sin  .
(r , , )

3. If u  x (1  r 2 )1/2 ,v  y (1  r 2 )1/2 , w  z (1  r 2 )1/2 ; where r 2  x 2  y 2  z2 ,

then show that , J(u, v , w)  (1  r 2 )5/2

.
4. If y1  (1  x1 ), y2  x1 (1  x2 ), y3  x1 x2 (1  x3 ),................., yn  x1 x2 .....xn1 (1  xn )

(y1 , y2 ,........., yn )
prove that ,  (1)n x1n1 x2n2 ............ xn1 .
(x1 , x2 ,........., xn )

5. If , ,  are the roots of the equation in R,

x y z (x , y , z) (  )(  )(  )

   1, prove that  .
aR bR c R ( , , ) (b  c)(c  a)(a  b)

6. Given the roots of the equation in ,

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(  x)3  (  y)3  (  z)3  0 , are u, v, w, then prove that

(u, v , w) (y  z)(z  x)(x  y)
  2 .
(x , y , z) (v  w)(w  u)(u  v)

7. If u1  x1  x2  x3  x4 ,
u1 u2  x2  x3  x4 ,
u1 u2 u3  x3  x4 ,
u1 u2 u3 u4  x4 ,
(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) 3 3
show that,  u1 u2 u3 .
(u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 )

8. If u3  v 3  w 3  x  y  z ,
u2  v 2  w 2  x 3  y 3  z 3 ,
u  v  w  x2  y2  z2 ,
(u, v , w) (y  z)(z  x)(x  y)
then prove that, 
(x , y , z) (u  v)(v  w)(w  u)

Maxima and Minima

1. Find the maximum and minimum values of the polynomial function given by:
f (x)  8 x5  15 x4  10 x2
2. Find the maxima and minima as well as the greatest and least values of the function,
f (x)  x3  12 x2  45 x , in the interval [0, 7].
3. Discuss the maximum/minimum values of the function, u  x3 y2 (1  x  y) .
4. Determine the points where the function, x3  y3  3 a x y , has a maxima or minima.
5. Show that minimum value of u  x y  (a3 / x)  (a3 / y) is 3a2 .
6. Discuss the maximum or minimum of u  x4  y 4  2 x2  4 x y  2 y2 .
7. Find the maxima and minima of, x2  y2  z 2 , subject to the condition
a x2  b y2  c z 2  1 and l x  m y  n z  0 .
8. Determine the minimum value of, x2  y2  z 2 , subject to the condition
x 2 y 4z  0.

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Concavity and Convexity, Points of Inflexion

1. Show that y  e x is everywhere concave upwards and the curve y  log x is
everywhere concave downwards.
2. Find the intervals in which the curve y  (cos x  sin x)e x is concave upwards or
downwards; x varying in the interval ]0, 2[ .
3. Show that the curve (a2  x 2 )y  a2 x has three points of inflexion. Find them.
4. Find the points of inflexion on the curve y  (log x)3 .
5. Show that the points of inflexion of the curve y 2  (x  a)2 (x  b) lie on the line
3x  a  4b .
6. Find points of inflexion on the curve:
x  a tan t , y  a sin t cos t
7. Find points of inflexion on the curve r 2  a2 .
8. Show that r  a  n has points of inflexion if and only if n lies between 0 and -1 and

these are given by    n(n  1) .

9. Show that the curve r e  a(1  ) has no points of inflexion.
10. Find the point of inflexion on the curve y  2 e x  e  x .
11. Find points of inflexion on the curve x  a (2  sin), y  a (2  cos ) .

Singular Points

1. Find the position and nature of the double points on the curve x2 y 2  (a  y)2 (b2  y 2 )

distinguishing between the cases a>b or < b.

2. Find the position and nature of the double points on the curve y 2  (x  1)(x  2)2

3. Find the position and nature of the double points on the curve y 3  x 3  a x 2 .

4. Find the position and nature of the double points on the curve (y  2)2  x(x  1)2

5. Find the position and nature of the double points on the curve y(y  6)  x 2 (x  2)3  9 .

6. Find the position and nature of the multiple points on the curve x 3  y 3  3a x y .

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Theory of Asymptotes
1. Find the asymptotes of the curve : x3  y3  3 a x y .
2. Find the asymptotes of the curve :
x3 x2  5 x  7 x2
(a). y (b). y (c). y
x2  x  2 x2  5 x  6 x2  1
x2  2 x  1 x3
(d). y (e). y
x 1  x2
(f). x 3  x2 y  x y 2  y 3  2 x y  2 y 2  3 x  y  0
(g). x 3  3 x2 y  4 y 3  x  y  3  0
(h). x2 y2 (x2  y2 )2  (x2  y2 )3
(i). (x  2 y)(x  2 y)(x  y)  2 x(x  4 y)  2 x  0
(j). (x2  y2 )( y2  4 x2 )  6 x3  5x2 y  3 x y2  2 y3  x2  3 x y  1  0

3. Show that the asymptotes of the cubic

x 3  x2 y  x y 2  y 3  2 x 2  2 y 2  5 x  y  1  0

cut the curve in three points which lie on the straight line 2 x  2 y  1 .

4. Show that the asymptotes of the curve

x2 y  x y 2  x y  y 2  x  y  0

cut the curve in three points which lie on the line x  y  0 .

5. Show that the eight points of intersection of the curve

x y(x2  y2 )  x2  y2  a2

and its asymptotes lie on a circle whose center is at the origin.

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Integral Calculus
1. Find the series sum as n   ,
n 1 n2 n3 1
 2 2  2 2  .......................... 
n 1 n 2 n  3
2 2
n
 n 1 1 n  r 
2. Evaluate: lim   
 r 1 n n  r 
n 

3. Evaluate:
1/ n
    2   3   n  
lim tan   tan   tan  .......................tan  
n  
  2n   2n   2n   2n  
4. Prove that,
1/ n
 1   22  32   n2  
lim  1  2  1  2  1  2 .............. 1  2   is equal to 2e(4)/2 .
n   n  n  n 
  n 

 3n n2 
5. Evaluate: lim   3
 r 1 (3n  r) 
n 

6. Find the limit when n   of the series

1 n2 1
  ................................  .
n (n  1)3
8n
7. Show that  (m, n)   (n, m) .
 
y n 1 y m1
8. Prove that  (m, n)   dy  0 (1  y)mn dy
0
(1  y)m n
1
 x m1  x n 1 
9. Show that  (m, n)    (1  x)m n  dx
0  
1
 x (1  x)n 1 
m 1
1
10. Prove that 
0
 (a  bx)m n  dx  (a  b)m a n  (m, n)
 
11. Prove that for n > 1; n  (n  1) (n  1)
12. Evaluate:   1/2 ;   3/2 ;   5/2 
1 n 1
 1
13. Prove that, n    log  dx ; n  0
0  x

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
xc (c  1)
14. Prove that, 
0
c x
dx 
(log c)c 1
; c 1

 /2
m n
15. Prove that, 
0
cos2 n 1   sin2m1  d 
2 (m  n)
m n
16. Prove that,  (m, n) 
(m  n)
17. Derive the Legendre’s Duplication formula:
 1 
m   m    2 m1  (2m)
 2 2

x 5 (1  x)
18. Evaluate: 
0
(1  x)13
dx

19. Show that

5  5  
   x     x    9  4 x2 1  4 x2  sec  x
2  2  16
 
20. Find the value of  dx   e x dx
2  x4 4
xe
0 0
b
21. Evaluate: 
a
( x  a)m1 (b  x)n 1 dx; m  0, n  0

Evaluate the following double integrals:

1 1
dx dy
22. 
0 0 (1  x2 ) (1  y2 )
a a 2  x2
23.  
0 0
x2 y dx dy

2
1 x
24.  e
y/x
dx dy
0 0

a a2  y 2

25.  
0 0
(a2  x2  y 2 ) dy dx

26. Evaluate 
s
( x y  y 2 ) dy dx ; where ‘s’ is a triangle with vertices (0, 0),

(10, 1) and (1, 1).

27. Evaluate  x y dx dy
A
over the positive quadrant of the circle x2  y2  a2 .

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28. Evaluate  x y (x  y) dx dy over the area between y  x2 and y  x .

 a

29. Evaluate  r d  dr .
3

0 0

 a (1cos )

30. Evaluate 
0

0
r 3 sin  cos  d  dr

  

31. Evaluate  e dx dy and hence show that e .
( x 2
 y2 )  x2
dx 
0 0 0
2
32. By using the transformation x  y  u and y  u v , show that
1 1 x
1
 
0 0
e y /( x  y ) dx dy  (e  1)
2
33. Transform the polar co-ordinates and integrate
1  x2  y 2
 1  x2  y 2
dx dy ;

the integral being extended over all positive values of x and y subject to
x2  y 2  1

2a 3a  x
34. Change the order of integration in the integral  
0 2
F ( x , y) dx dy .
x /4a

4a 2 ax 4a 2 ay

35. Show that,  

0 2
f ( x , y) dx dy   
0 2
f (x , y) dy dx .
x / 4a y / 4a

a ax

36. Change the order of integration in the integral 

0
 f ( x , y) dx dy .
(a x  x )
2

 
e y
37. Change the order of integration in 
0
x y dx dy and hence evaluate the

integral.
38. Change the order of integration in the double integral
a cos  ( a 2  x2 )


0

x tan 
f ( x , y) dx dy

1 2 x2
x dx dy
39. Evaluate:  
0 0 ( x2  y 2 )

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Differential Equations
Solve the following differential equations:

1. y 1  x  dx  x 1  y  dy  0
dy  dy 
2. yx  a  y2  
dx  dx 

3. x 2
 1
dy
dx
2x y 1

x2  x2  1   x  x 2  1  y  x 2  1
dy
4.
dx

5. 
1  y2   x  etan y dy
1

 dx
0

dy
6. x cos x  y( x sin x  cos x)  1
dx
dy
7. (a2  x2 )  y  (a2  x2 )  x
dx
dy
8. x( x2  1)  y(1  x2 )  x3 log x
dx
dy
9. x  y  y2 log x
dx
dy tan y
10.   (1  x) e x sec y
dx 1  x
dz z z
11.  log z  2 (log z)2
dx x x
1 dy x
12.   x y 1/2
y dx 1  x2
dy
13.
2
 x y  y2e x /2 log x
dx
dy
14. x y   y 3e  x
2

dx
dy
15.   4 x  y  1
2

dx
x dx  y dy a 2  x2  y 2
16. 
x dy  y dx x2  y 2

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17. x2 y dx  (x3  y 3 )dy  0

dy dy
18. yx  x y or (x  y) dy  (x  y) dx  0
dx dx
 y  y
19. x cos   ( y dx  x dy)  y sin  (x dy  y dx)
x  x
20. (2 x  y  3)dx  (2 y  x  1)dy
dy x  y  2
21.  0
dx x  2 y  3
22. (x4  2 x y2  y 4 )dx  (2 x2 y  4 x y 3  sin y)dy  0
 x
23. (1  e x / y )dx  e x / y  1   dy  0
 y
24. ( y2  2 x2 y)dx  (2 x3  x y)dy  0
dy
25. (1  x2 ) y  tan1 x
dx
dy  x 
26.  yx y
dx  1  x2 
d2 y dy
27. 2
3 2 y  0
dx dx
28. (D2  D  1) y  0
d2 y
29.  9 y  sec 3 x
d x2
1 x
30. Solve e
D2
1
31. Solve cos x
(D  1)(D  1)
1
32. Solve (x  e x )
(D  4)
1
33. Solve (sin 2 x  2e3 x )
(D  3)(D  3)
1
34. Solve ex
(D  1)(D  1)
35. (4 D2  4 D  3) y  e2 x
36. (D2  4 D  3) y  e3 x
37. (D2  4) y  cos 2 x

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38. (D3  1) y  cos 2 x

39. (D2  D  1) y  sin 2 x
40. (D3  2D2  4 D  8) y  x2
41. (D4  D3  D2  D  2) y  x2
d2 y dy
42. 2
 2  4 y  e x cos x
dx dx
d2 y dy
43. 2
 2  y  x 2 e3 x
dx dx
d2 y
44. 2
 4 y  e x  sin 2 x
dx
d2 y
45.  4 y  x sin x
d x2
d4y
46. 4
 y  x2 sin x
dx
47. (D2  4 D  4) y  8 x2e2 x sin 2x
d2 y dy
48. 2
2  y  xe x sin x
dx dx
d3y  1
2
2 d y
49. x3
x  2 y  10  x  
 x
3 2
dx dx
d2 y dy
50. x2 2
 4x  2 y  ex
dx dx
d2 y dy
51. x2 2
 7x  13 y  log x
dx dx
d3y 2
2 d y dy
52. x3 3
 2 x 2
x  y  cos(log x)
dx dx dx
d2 y dy
53. 1  x   1  x   y  2sin log 1  x 
2
2
dx dx
d2 y dy
54.  2 x  3  2  2 x  3
2
2
 12 y  6 x
dx dx
d2 y dy
55.  x  3  4  x  3  6 y  log  x  3
2
2
dx dx

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Partial Differential Equations

Solve the following Partial Differential Equations (Linear):

1. Form a partial differential equation by the elimination of the constants a and

b from
z  (x2  a)( y2  b)
x2 y 2 z 2
2. Eliminate the constants a, b and c from the relation   1
a 2 b2 c 2
3. Form partial differential equation by the elimination of the constants a and b
from
(x  h)2  ( y  k )2  z 2  c2
4. Form a partial differential equation by the elimination of the constants a and
b from
z  a x3  b y 3
5. By eliminating the constants, obtain the partial differential equation from the
relation
x2 y 2
2z  2  2
a b
6. Solve the following Partial Differential Equations (Linear):
(a). (x2  y z) p  ( y2  z x)q  z2  x y
(b). x(z2  y2 ) p  y(x2  z 2 )q  z( y2  x2 )
(c). (x  2 z) p  (4 z x  y) q  2 x2  y
(d). x2 ( y  z) p  y2 (z  x)q  z 2 (x  y)
(e). ( x2  y 2  z 2 ) p  2 x y q  2 x z
(f). x( y2  z) p  y(x2  z)q  (x2  y2 )z
(g). x p  y q  xe z
(h). y2 p  x y q  x(z  2 y)
(i). x z (z2  x y) p  y z (z 2  x y)q  x 4
(j). (z2  2 y z  y2 ) p  x ( y  z)q  x ( y  z)

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7. Solve the following Partial Differential Equations (Non-Linear) and find

the complete solution:
(a). Solve x2 p2  y2 q2  z2 and find its complete solution/integral.
(b). z  p2 x  q2 y
(c). Find a complete integral of : (x  y)( p  q)2  (x  y)( p  q)2  1
(d). z  p2 x  q2 y
(e). z 2 ( p2  q2  1)  c2
(f). 9( p2 z  q2 )  4
(g). p (1  q2 )  q (z  a)
(h). z 2 ( p 2  q 2 )  x2  y 2
(i). y p  2 y x  log q
(j). y p  q x  pq  0
8. Solve the following partial differential equation using Charpit’s Method:
(a). ( p2  q2 ) y  q z
(b). p (q2  1)  (b  z) q  0
(c). z2  p q x y R
(d). 2 z x  p x2  2 q x y  pq  0
(e). p2 x  q2 y  z
9. Solve the following linear homogeneous partial differential equations:
(a). (D2  6D D  9D 2 ) z  12 x2  36 x y
(b). (D2  D D  6D 2 ) z  x y
2 z 2 z
(c).   cos x cos 2 y
 x2 x y
(d). (D3  4 D2 D  4 DD 2 ) z  4sin(2 x  y)
(e). (D2  2DD  D 2 ) z  e x2 y  x3
3 z 2 z
(f).  2  2 e2 x  3 x2 y
 x3 x2 y
(g). (D2  D D  6D 2 ) z  y cos x
(h). (D2  4 D D  5D 2 ) z  y2
(i). (2D D  D 2  D2 ) z  2( y  z)  sin(x  y)

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Total marks : 100 (End semester exam 75 marks and Internal assessment 25 marks)

Question paper will contain seven questions in all. Students are to attempt five
questions.

The first question will be compulsory and will be of 15 marks. It will include short
questions of three marks each ( 5 questions out of 8 question) based on all the units.

Four questions from remaining two sections selecting two questions from each
section.

SECTION –I: The question 2, 3 and 4 will be based on units I and IV.

SECTION-II: The question 5, 6 and 7 will be based on units II and III.

The question should be framed in such a manner that students should not be able to
leave any topic

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