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Philippines celebrates World Teachers’ Day

ISSUE » Vol. 25 No. 19POSTED IN » Nation, Philippine News

Philippines celebrates World Teachers’ Day

The Department of Education (DepEd) will lead this year’s World Teachers’ Day (WTD) celebration on
October 5 with theme, “My Teacher, My Hero.”

The venue of the celebration is at the Philippine Sports Arena (Ultra) in Pasig City where hundreds of
Filipino teachers are expected to attend to show their participation in the worldwide celebration.

The WTD has been celebrated every October 5 as declared by the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1994. The celebration focuses on the nobility of the profession
itself and promotes international standards for the teaching profession.

This year’s theme is “Teachers for Gender Equality.”

Education Secretary Armin Luistro shared his deep respect and appreciation to all teachers, as they
continue to strive for excellence in helping shape their students’ lives.

Luistro added that the Teachers Month Celebration (TMC) from September 5 that culminates on the
exact date of WTD is celebrated to highlight the unique role, service, and commitment which teachers’
play in guiding the families, strengthening the communities, and building the nation.

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Themes Don’t Just Emerge — Coding the Qualitative Data

ProjectUX

ProjectUX

Jul 24, 2018 · 5 min read

Written by Erika Yi, Ph.D.

Interviews are one of the best methods for qualitative research. Most qualitative UX researchers are
familiar with building rapport and conducting interviews, but that is not the end of a qualitative
research. The analysis process of the interview data is not only vital to render useful research insights
but also essential to build your credibility as a responsible qualitative researcher. We don’t have time to
explore all the nuance of qualitative data analysis in this article, instead, we will focus on the coding
aspect of data.

Why Do You Need Code Your Qualitative Data?

Coding the qualitative data makes the messy scripts quantifiable. How are you going to convince the
stakeholders that the insights you collected in the interviews actually reflect users’ needs and wants but
not something you just eyeballed five minutes before the meeting? Simple, show them your data.

Codes in qualitative research are as important as numbers in a quantitative study. Your codes give you
credibility when presenting them to your teams, your clients, and your stakeholders. With proper coding,
you can say with confidence that these findings are in fact, representing the majority of user feedback.

Coding gives data structure. (Photo by Rachel Lynette French)

Coding the qualitative data creates structure. “But we already have an interview script!” you say. Yes, a
structured interview protocol can help researchers to locate the questions, but not necessarily the
answers. As we know all too well, interviews don’t always run as expected. Conversations can take an
unexpected turn and open up a new area for a researcher to explore. This means that the same
interview questions might be addressing different aspects of the problem. Coding the data gives you a
way to organize your scripts in such that you can pull the scripts from the same code effectively without
looking through the entire interview questions again.

A Quick Guide To Qualitative Coding

Codes are the smallest unit of text that conveys the same meaning (for the purpose of your research).
Codes can be a word, a phrase, or a paragraph, you are in charge of choosing the forms of your codes
and sticking with your choice for data consistency.

1. Determine The Type Of Coding Method You Want To Apply Before The Data Collection

There’re two types of coding methods, deductive and inductive.

Deductive coding is the coding method wherein you have developed a codebook as a reference to guide
you through the coding process. The codebook will be developed before your data collection starts,
usually in the process of researching the existing field. Usually, if you have a general direction in mind,
you will be able to develop a rough codebook. Of course, the codebook changes as you code on, new
codes will be added and categories re-organized. In the end, your codebook should reflect the structure
of your data.

Inductive coding method is used when you know little about the research subject and conducting
heuristic or exploratory research. In this case, you don’t have a codebook, you’re building on from
scratch based on your data.

The two types of coding method have their own pros and cons, but the end result should be similar. The
majority of your data should be coded and be able to form a narrative.
Is it deductive or inductive? (Photo by Artem Sapegin)

CODING IN ACTION

Once you know what types of text you’re coding for, the action of coding is fairly simple — you select
text, and give it a code name that captures the essence of the text. Next time when you encounter a text
with same meaning, you give it the same code name. Here is an example:

Participant A: I had chicken and rice for lunch.

Participant B: I had beef lasagna for dinner and drank some wine.

Depending on what you want to find out, you may code both these two sentences “meals”, in this case,
each sentence is a code. You may also code “chicken and rice” and “beef lasagna” as “food” and “wine”
as “drink”, notice how this time each phrase is a code and you have two different codes? The detail of
codes completely depends on your research question and what you’re trying to get out from the data.

2. Initial Coding

The initial coding process is fast and relatively easy. You just need to read through your data and get
familiar with it. At this point, you don’t have to develop sophisticated codes for the data, but rather just
an idea of what the overall data looks like. You can try to code sections with a broad code name for
future reference, writing down notes as you read is also a good idea.

3. Line-By-Line Coding

As the name suggests, in this stage, you comb through your data with a closer eye. Your codes now
should have more details. Try to code everything, even if you know certain codes are not going to make
it in the endgame. Your analysis of the data will become more profound as your codes become more
detailed.

4. Categorization

When you’ve finished the line-by-line coding, you’ll usually have a messy collection of codes. This is
when you want to put similar codes into the same categories and move them around in order to find out
a way that reflects your analysis the best. By analyzing and sorting your codes into categories, you will be
able to detect consistent and overarching themes for your data. And within the themes, you can tell the
user story.

5. Determine Themes

What story are your codes telling? (Photo by Pedro Nogueira on Unsplash)

The categorization of codes reflects themes. The bigger categories are the overarching themes while the
sub-categories supporting themes. This is where you can engage in storytelling from your data. The
themes can tell the same story from different perspectives, or several different stories that connect with
each other. With great narratives created from the themes, the messy qualitative data are now in a
meaningful order.

In a nutshell, coding is the data analysis process that breaks the text down into the smallest units and
reorganizes these units into relatable stories. As Christians and Carey suggest, the poetic resonance in a
story is what every qualitative UX researcher strike to achieve.

“Qualitative research in its best form seeks through naturalistic observation to set up a poetic resonance
with the native interpretation.”

— Clifford G. Christians and James W. Carey

Reference

Christians, C. G., & Carey, J. W. (1989). The logic and aims of qualitative research. Research methods in
mass communication, 354–374.

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Qualitative Research

UX Research

User Research

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Qualitative coding

QualGuideTransparant

Coding is a way of indexing or categorizing the text in order to establish a framework of thematic ideas
about it | Gibbs (2007).

In qualitative research, coding is “how you define what the data you are analysing are about” (Gibbs,
2007). Coding is a process of identifying a passage in the text or other data items (photograph, image),
searching and identifying concepts and finding relations between them. Therefore, coding is not just
labeling; it is linking of data to the research idea and back to other data...

The codes which are applied enable you to organise data so you can examine and analyse them in a
structured way, e.g. by examining relationships between codes.

Approaches to coding qualitative data

CodingConcepts1000px

A basic division between coding approaches is concept-driven coding versus data-driven coding (or open
coding). You may approach the data with a developed system of codes and look for concepts/ideas in the
text (concept-driven approach) or you can look for ideas/concepts in the text without a preceding
conceptualisation and let the text speak for itself (data-driven coding). Investigators can either use a
predetermined coding scheme or review the initial responses or observations to construct a coding
scheme based on major categories that emerge.

Both methods require initial and thorough readings of your data and writing down which patterns or
themes you notice. A researcher usually identifies several passages of the text that share the same code,
i.e. an expression for a shared concept.

An example

A code in a qualitative inquiry is most often a word or short phrase. In the table below an example
(Saldaña, 2013) is given.
Raw data

Preliminary codes

Final code

Retire600px

The closer I get to “retirement age” the faster I want it to happen. I’m not even 55 yet and I would give
anything to retire now. But there’s a mortgage to pay off and still a lot more to sock away in savings
before I can even think of it. I keep playing the lottery, though, in hopes of dreams of early winning those
millions. No retirement luck yet.

* retirement age*

financial obligations

dreams of early retirement

RETIREMENT ANXIETY

Expert tips

Any researcher who wishes to become proficient at doing qualitative analysis must learn to code well
and easily. The excellence of the research rests in large part on the excellence of the coding | Strauss
(1987).
ExpertTip400px

Tip 1: Document the meaning of codes

Tip 2: Prevent coder variance

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National Government Agencies

DepEd honors teachers on National Teachers’ Month celebration

By DepEd

Published On September 7, 2019

PASIG CITY, Sept. 7 -- The Department of Education (DepEd) continuously recognizes the significant role
of teachers in educating the Filipino children through the National Teachers’ Month (NTM) starting
September 5, and its culmination on October 5 in celebration of the National Teachers’ Day (NTD) and
World Teachers’ Day (WTD).

This year’s theme, “Gurong Pilipino: Handa sa Makabagong Pagbabago,” stresses the crucial role, loyal
service, and dedicated commitment of teachers in developing globally minded citizens, nurturing
families, strengthening communities, and building the nation.

“The NTM is a great avenue to honor those who are in the teaching profession and to express gratitude
for the positive influence of teachers on Filipino learners,” DepEd Secretary Leonor Magtolis Briones
stated.

Ceremonial kickoff

A ceremonial kickoff of NTM will be held on September 9, 2019 at Initao National Comprehensive High
School in Initao, Misamis Oriental. The kickoff will be spearheaded by Usec. Tonisito M.C. Umali, Esq. of
the External Partnerships Service and DepEd presiding officer for the National Teachers’ Day
Coordinating Council (NTDCC); DepEd Region X Director Arturo B. Bayocot; and Aniceto “Chito”
Sobrepeña of Metrobank Foundation and NTDCC Co-chairperson.

Gratitude for teachers

As a simple token of gratitude to teachers, partners offer the following gifts during the month-long
celebration:

PHLPOST – “Salamat Po Teacher” letter writing raffle promo, open to the public, Kindergarten to Grade
12 (Sept. 2019 – Mar. 2020)

BenCab Museum – Discounted rate of P100 for teachers (Sept. 5 – Oct. 5)

Enchanted Kingdom – Teacher’s Treat promo: P700 Park and AGILA ticket, free EK souvenir, free skill
game coupons (Sept. 5 – Oct. 6)

Executive Optical – Complete eyeglass package: frame (barcode price) + lens 20% off, open to all
teachers, just present valid ID/license (period to be announced)

Jollibee Foundation – Free regular fries with any Value Meal purchase, for teachers only, just present
school ID/license. (Oct. 4 – 6)

Microsoft – Free webinar for teachers, open to the public (all Saturdays of October)

Museo Pambata – Free entrance to teachers + 2 companions, free gift for teachers (limited slots), 5%
discount at gift shop (minimum purchase required) – (Sept. 5 – Oct. 5)
Manila International Book Fair – Free entrance to all teachers, just present valid ID/license (Sept. 11 –
15) (DepEd)

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Republic of the Philippines. It is an attached unit of the Presidential Communications Operations Office
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and other public sector entities in communicating their programs, projects, and services to the Filipino
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