chapter 02: population and health

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1. aids immune system disease caused by the human 16.
immunodeficiency virus (hiv), which over a
period of years weakens the capacity of the
17.
immune system to fight off infection so that
weight loss and weakness set in and other
afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may
hasten an infected person's demise 18.
2. arithmetic the population of a country or region
population expressed as an average per unit area. the
density figure is derived by dividing the population of 19.
the areal unit by the number of square
kilometers or miles that make up the unit
genetic diseases caused by variation or mutation of a
gene or group of genes in a human
infant a figure that describes the number of babies
mortality that die within the first year of their lives in a
rate given population
infectious diseases that are spread by bacteria, viruses,
diseases or parasites. infectious diseases diffuse
directly or indirectly from human to human
life a figure indicating how long, on average, a
expectancy person may be expected to live. normally
expressed in the context of a particular state

3. census a periodic and official count of a country's 20. malaria vectored disease spread by mosquitoes that
population carry the malaria parasite in their saliva and
which kills approximately 150,000 children in
4. child the number of people between the ages of 0
the global periphery each month
dependency and 14 for every 100 people between the ages
ratio of 15-64 21. megalopolis term used to designate large coalescing
supercities that are forming in diverse parts of
5. child a figure that describes the number of children
the world; formerly used specifically with an
mortality that die between the first and fifth years of
uppercase "m" to refer to the boston—
rate their lives in a given population
washington multi-metropolitan corridor on the
6. chronic generally long-lasting afflictions now more northeastern seaboard of the united states,
common because of higher life expectancies but now used generically with a lower-case
"m" as a synonym for conurbation
7. crude birth the number of live births yearly per thousand
rate people in a population 22. natural population growth measured as the excess of
increase live births over deaths. natural increase of a
8. crude death the number of deaths yearly per thousand
population does not reflect either emigrant or
rate people in a population
immigrant movements
9. demographic multistage model, based on western europe's
23. old-age the number of people 65 years of age for
transition experience, of changes in population growth
dependency every 100 people between the ages of 15-64
exhibited by countries undergoing
ratio
industrialization. high birth rates and death
rates are followed by plunging death rates, 24. one-child a program established by the chinese
producing a huge net population gain; this is policy government in 1979 to slow population growth
followed by the convergence of birth rates in china
and death rates at a low overall level
25. pandemic an outbreak of a disease that spreads
10. dot maps maps where one dot represents a certain worldwide
number of a phenomenon, such as a
26. physiologic the number of people per unit area of arable
population
population land
11. doubling the time required for a population to double in density
time size figure
12. endemic a disease that is particular to a locality or 27. population structure of a population in terms of age, sex
region composition and other properties such as marital status
and education
13. epidemic regional outbreak of a disease
28. population a measurement of the number of people per
14. eugenic government policies designed to favor one
density given unit of land
population racial sector over others
policies 29. population description of locations on the earth's surface
distribution where populations live
15. expansive government policies that encourage large
population families and raise the rate of population
policies growth
30. population the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and
explosion accelerating rates of increase
31. population visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group
pyramid (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the
total population. the males in each age group are represented to the left of the center line of each horizontal bar; the
females in each age group are represented to the right of the center line
32. restrictive government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural population increase
population
policies
33. stationary the level at which a national population ceases to grow
population
level
34. total the average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years
fertility
rates
35. zero a state in which a population is maintained at a constant level because the number of deaths is exactly offset by the
population number of births
growth