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Introduction:
Electric power transmission:
Electric power transmission or "high voltage electric transmission" is the bulk transfer of
electrical energy, from generating power plants to substations located near to population centers. This
is distinct from the local wiring between high voltage substations and customers, which is typically
referred to as electricity distribution.
Electricity is transmitted at high voltages (110 kV or above) to reduce the energy lost in long distance
transmission. Power is usually transmitted through overhead power lines. Underground power
transmission has a significantly higher cost and greater operational limitations but is used in urban areas
or sensitive locations.
The range of voltage and capacity of power transmitted through cables is showing a steady increase
over the years. Environmental concerns, aesthetic issues, lack of transmission corridors and difficulty in
routing overhead lines in crowded human habitats are some of the reasons for the explosive growth of
cable technology well into the extra high voltage range.
Mainly underground power cables can assist the transmission of power across:
• Densely populated urban areas
• Areas where land is unavailable or planning consent is difficult
• Rivers and other natural obstacles
• Land with outstanding natural or environmental heritage
• Areas of significant or prestigious infrastructural development
• Land whose value must be maintained for future urban expansion and rural development
Some other advantages of underground power cables:
• Less subject to damage from severe weather conditions (mainly lightning, wind and
freezing)
• Greatly reduced emission, into the surrounding area, of electromagnetic fields (EMF). All
electric currents generate EMF, but the shielding provided by the earth surrounding
underground cables restricts their range and power.
• Underground cables need a narrower surrounding strip of about 1–10 meters to install,
whereas an overhead line requires a surrounding strip of about 20–200 meters wide to be
kept permanently clear for safety, maintenance and repair.
• Underground cables pose no hazard to low flying aircraft or to wildlife, and are significantly
safer as they pose no shock hazard (except to the unwary digger).
• Much less subject to conductor theft, illegal connections, sabotage, and damage from
armed conflict.
2
Some disadvantages of underground power cables:
• Undergrounding is more expensive, since the cost of burying cables at transmission voltages
is several times greater than overhead power lines, and the life‐cycle cost of an
underground power cable is two to four times the cost of an overhead power line
• Whereas finding and repairing overhead wire breaks can be accomplished in hours,
underground repairs can take days or weeks, and for this reason redundant lines are run.
• Underground power cables, due to their proximity to earth, cannot be maintained live,
whereas overhead power cables can be.
• Operations are more difficult since the high reactive power of underground cables produces
large charging currents and so makes voltage control more difficult.
The advantages can in some cases outweigh the disadvantages of the higher investment cost, and more
expensive maintenance and management.
International Applicable Standards:‐
IEC 60183 Guide to the selection of high‐voltage cables
IEC 60287 Electric cables ‐ Calculation of the current rating
IEC 60228 Conductors of insulated cables
IEC 60229 Electric cables ‐ Tests on extruded over sheaths with a special protective function
IEC 60060 High Voltage Test Techniques
IEC 60230 Impulse tests on cables and their accessories
IEC 60270 High‐voltage test techniques ‐ Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60811 Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric cables
IEC 60885 Electrical test methods for electric cables
IEC 60331 Tests for electric cables under fire conditions
IEC 60332 Tests on electric and optical fiber cables under fire conditions
IEC 60840 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above
30 kV (Um = 36 kV) up to 150 kV (Um = 170 kV) ‐ Test methods and requirements
BS EN 50307 Lead and Lead alloys. Lead and lead alloy sheaths and sleeves of electric cables.
3
¾ Pow
wer cable:
A power ccable is an assembly of twwo or more eleectrical condu uctors, usuallly held togeth
her with an o
overall
sheath. The
T assembly is used for transmission of electricall power. Pow
wer cables may
m be installed as
permanen hin buildings, buried in thee ground, run overhead, orr exposed.
nt wiring with
Construcction:
• Working voltagge, determiniing the thickn
W ness of the inssulation;
• determining tthe cross‐secttional size of the conducto
Current‐carrying capacity, d or(s);
• En
nvironmental conditions such as temmperature, water,
w chemiccal or sunligght exposure, and
m
mechanical im
mpact, determmining the formm and compo osition of the outer cable jjacket.
132 KV X
XLPE Cables construction
n:
HV
V XLPE Caable Consstruction
4
¾ Conductor:‐
The conductor used in DEWA systems is stranded compacted with circular construction. Conductor
material is an annealed high conductivity copper, with cross section as specified in the exact
requirement, and should confirm to class 2 of IEC 60228 Specification.
Purpose: To transport the current.
Using copper conductor instead of Aluminum conductor has the following advantages:
o The conductivity of copper is higher than Aluminum (100% for Cu, and 60% for Al) since the
density for copper is higher than Aluminum (8.89 for Cu, and 2.7 for Al).
o Less conductor size is used to transfer the same current in Copper rather than Aluminum,
for the same reason mentioned above.
o Aluminum is relatively difficult to make termination and joints because the Aluminum oxide
formed at the conductor is dielectric.
¾ Conductor Screen ( Semi‐conducting layer):‐
It consists of a layer of an extruded semi‐conducting thermoset material compatible with the insulation
and the conductor, and it will have allowable operating temperature equal to or higher than of the
insulation. This compound will fill the interstices between the outer individual strand wires forming the
conductor and provide a smooth, regular interface to the insulation layer. The extruded semi‐conducting
compound should be firmly bonded to the insulation.
Purpose: Filing the interstices between the outer individual strand and the insulation and thus
uniform the electric field distribution of the strands and reduce the partial discharge.
¾ Insulation (cross – linked polyethylene) XLPE material:‐
The insulation layer is formed from an extruded cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE), which should be
applied using a dry cure process designed to eliminate micro voids in the insulation. It is reasonably
flexible and tolerates operating temperatures from 90°C up to 120 °C. The nominal insulation thickness
of the insulation layer should not be less than the value stated in the relevant DEWA standard. The
thickness of the semi‐conducting screen on the conductor or over the insulation shall not be included in
the thickness of the insulation.
Purpose: To provide a non conductive layer over the conductor and prevent the flow of electric
charge.
5
Some of the underground power cables used in DEWA was insulated with oil and paper with lead jacket
or sheath. The oil was kept under pressure to prevent formation of voids that would allow partial
discharges within the cable insulation. These cables are being replaced now with XLPE insulated cables.
¾ Insulation Screen (Semi‐conducting layer):‐
It consists of a layer of an extruded semi‐conducting thermoset material applied directly over the
insulation and compatible with insulation material. It is designed to be easily stripped without damaging
the insulation or leaving conducting material on the insulating surface.
The insulation screen should be applied directly upon the core insulation in a manner ensuring a uniform
voltage stress across the insulation along the length of the cable, and should be firmly bonded to the
insulation.
Water Sealing:‐
The cables have water sealing material to prevent the water from traveling through the cable as follows:
• Conductor sealing:
Swelling material provided between the conductor strands which turns into a jelly when comes
in contact with water and binded by overlapped semi conductive sellable tape as a longitudinal
water barrier.
• Longitudinal Water sealing:
A Semi conductive swelling layer applied over and under the metallic screen.
• Radial Water sealing :
The radial water sealing is provided by a lead alloy sheath. The sheath shall be applied over the
longitudinal water sealing.
Purpose: To prevent the water from traveling through the cable longitudinally and radial way.
6
¾ Metallic Screen (Copper Wire/Tape/Both):‐
The metallic screen consists of a layer of annealed bare copper wires binded by equalizing copper tape.
Often a high‐voltage cable will have a metallic shield layer over the insulation, connected to earth
ground and designed to equalize the dielectric stress on the insulation layer. It is designed to withstand
the earth fault current of 40 KA for 1 second. The metallic sheath maybe considered as a parallel path
for the fault earth current (is not intended to carry current during normal operation).
Purpose: To carry the fault current during short circuit.
¾ Metallic Sheath (Lead Alloy):‐
A radial metallic sheath layer of lead alloy type PK 021 (E) or PK 041 (1/1 Cu – TE) as per BS EN 50307
with minimum area 700 mm2 . This layer is applied over the longitudinal water sealing.
Purpose: To prevent the water from traveling through the cable radial way, and to provide a
mechanical protection for the cable.
¾ Outer Sheath (HDPE):‐
The over sheath is an extruded layer of HDPE type ST7. The average thickness of the sheath layer should
not be less than the value stated in DEWA Standards.
Purpose: To protect the cable from environmental conditions and mechanical impact.
¾ Graphite / Semi conducting layer:‐
An outer conducting coating is applied to the outer sheath. Usually manufacturers provide this layer
from graphite.
Purpose: To serve as an electrode for the voltage test on the over sheath (Serving as an earth layer
and may conduct return currents if needed).
The portion of laying in buildings, cable basements and similar areas is provided with fire retardant
coating, such fire retardant material shall be as per IEC 60332.
The over sheath should be embossed in English or English and Arabic along two lines equally spaced
around the circumference of the cable with the manufacturer name, year of manufacture, type of
insulation (XLPE), conductor size and material, followed by (DEWA ELECTRIC CABLE 132000V).
7
¾ Circuit Components:‐
The main circuit components in DEWA include the following:‐
• Cable:
The main part used for transmission of electrical power.
• Troughs:
Pre casted reinforced concrete enclosure cove used for mechanical protection of the cables.
Normally in standard size of 6m & 1m length , 2m width and 0.6m height. The top cover size is
(1mX 2m X 0.1m). For joint bays width will increase into 2.4m. Cables are surrounded inside the
trough by soft sand.
• Joints:
This part used for connecting two high‐voltage cables with one another due to physical limits on
cable lengths for manufacturing and packaging.
• Termination:
This part terminates the cable at the sending and receiving end equipment inside the s/s or at
the sealing end.
• Link box:
External enclosure used for providing sheath bonding system. Through link box it is easy to
access the cable for Routine inspection and maintenance, fault locating and circuit modification
without disturbing the existing cables and joints.
• Bonding cables:
These cables are used for accessing the metallic shield in the cable joints .There are two types of
bonding cables used in DEWA circuits:
Coaxial bonding cable (In joints): Two core (2c 300Sqmm) bonding cable separated by XLPE
insulation with PE outer sheath.
Single core bonding cable (In termination):
Single core cable with size 300 Sqmm insulated with XLPE and sheathed with PE.
8
¾ Minimum Required Documents:
Before starting the work in any circuit a group of documents should be available with DEWA engineer in
order to know most of the information about this circuit, and to follow up the work in the circuit:‐
1) Approved Sheath Bonding Schematic diagram.
2) Key Plan of the complete circuit.
3) Bay allocation letter / block diagram form PTD.
*) Sheath Bonding Schematic:
This schematic shows the full circuit between the two S/S `s including the number of joints, link
boxes, total length of the circuit, lengths between joints, and the bonding system for each joint. In
case of a Loop in Loop out (LILO) or circuit modification the schematic shows the old circuits and the
new circuit including the existing and proposed sections for the new circuit as seen in the figure
below.
9
*) Key Route Plan:
This diagram shows the complete area and the complete route of the circuit, starting from one
substation and ending with the other substation including joint bay locations.
*) Bay allocation letter / block diagram form PTD:
This letter / Diagram show the names of the S/S`s, total length of the circuit and most important the bay
numbers in each S/S as issued and signed from DEWA Project Department.
10
¾ Cablle Installattion:
1) Insta
allation betw
ween S/S`s:
Cable insttallation betw
ween two S/S``s includes the following m
main stages:‐
1) Exxcavation and d trench prepparations.
2) Trrough placem ment and sand d bedding.
3)
Cable laying.
4) Saand filling inside the trouggh.
5) Trrough coverin ng.
6) Saand Backfillinng and rout m
marking.
11
12
10kV DC Sheath test to be carried out on the cable drum prior to cable laying. Test 1
5 kV Insulation Resistance Test to be done after cable laying finished and before trough
backfilling.
Test 2
2) Installation in S/S
Before starting any Cable installation inside the S/S basement, it is necessary to confirm physically the
allocated GIS bay & basement drawings should be approved by the concerned department in order to
know the cable routing inside the Basement.
Some of the notes to be taken care of during the installation in s/s include the following:
• To ensure cables are terminated in the allocated bays.
• To avoid unnecessary crossing of the cables.
• To avoid blocking the Fire Exit way.
• To confirm the Duct entry for future feeder cables are not disturbed
Trefoil Formation Flat Formation
13
*) Existing S/S Basement photos:‐
Correct cable laying methods
Wrong cable laying methods
*) Common problems related to laying cables inside basements:
1. Multiple crossing for more than two layers.
2. Blocking the fire exit way without providing cross over bridge.
3. Not providing proper cable bending radius during and after installation.
4. Blocking other spare feeders.
5. Improper utilization of entry duct / wall openings.
14
*) Standard Format for Bay allocation chick list:
DEWA have provided several check lists to ensure that cables are terminated in the allocated bays, and
there are no mixing between cables groups in the same circuit, they include the following:
• For New Single Feeder.
• For New Double Feeders.
• For Circuit Modifications.
• For Loop In Loop Out circuits as seen below
15
¾ Jointts & Termiinations:
Due to
t physical limits on cable lengths forr manufacturring and packkaging, jointss in cable beecome
inevitablee, particularlyy in the conttext of the utility sector. The cables need
n to be also
a terminatted at
sending and
a receivingg end equipment, a veryy wide varieety of them, in utility ass well as ind dustry
applicatio
ons and this call
c for appro opriate cablee termination accessories. Cable terminations and joints
form the weakest link in any distrib bution system m where is th he electric fieeld of highestt strength exiists at
cable endd.
There aree three types of Joints and
d termination
ns used in DEW
WA systems:
1. In
nsulated Jointts. (Used in b
between cablee sections in tthe circuit).
2. SFF6 Gas immersed Terminaation (Used at the cables eends in substaations).
3. Seealing End Te
ermination (U Used in betweeen the overhhead lines and d undergroun
nd circuits).
16
10kV DC SSheath test &
& Phasing to b
be carried ou
ut prior to cab
ble Jointing // Termination
n work T
Test 3
17
*) JOINTING AND TERMINATION PRACTICE:‐
The main points to be noticed during the jointing and termination work can be summarized in the
following:
9 Kits for joints and terminations.
9 Shelf life issues.
9 Importance of matching diameter of insulated conductor with kit specifications in pre‐
fabricated kits.
9 Preparation of cable for termination and jointing.
9 Connection.
9 Reconstitution of cable properties.
9 Continuity and grounding aspects.
9 Sealing.
9 Healthiness of joint/termination.
9 Installation aspects for joints: buried joints and markers for identification, joints placed on
cable structures with other cables‐safety issues, access for repairs.
*) 132kV Cable Joints:‐
Connecting two high‐voltage cables with one another poses two main problems. First, the outer
conducting layers in both cables shall be terminated without causing a field concentration, similar as
with the making of a cable terminal. Secondly, a field free space shall be created where the cut‐down
cable insulation and the connector of the two conductors safely can be accommodated.
Cable jointing process can be classified into the following stages:‐
1. Removing the XLPE layer from the conductor.
2. Crimping the Conductor.
3. Fixing the stress cone.
4. Fixing the Cu Sleeve and filling it with bitumen.
5. Connecting the bonding cables.
6. Fixing the outer coffin box and filling it with bitumen.
18
Cross ssectional area of a
a stress cone
The abovve figure sho ows a photo ograph of thee cross‐section of a streess cone. At one side of this
photograp ph the contours of a high voltage cable are drawn.. Here red represents the conductor of that
cable andd blue the inssulation of th
he cable. Thee black parts in this picture are semi‐cconducting ruubber
otential and spreads the electric field in a similar way as in a cable
parts. Thee outer one is at earth po
terminal. The inner on ne is at high‐vvoltage and shields the connector of th he conductors from the electric
field.
19
Different types of joints
As seen in the picture above there are different types of joints depending on the manufacturer and his
recommendation. Another important point to notice in this picture is the number of openings for filling
the bitumen compound. One type has 2 opening and the other type have 3 openings. Having more
opening will allow the air to leave the coffin box easily and the coffin box will be filled completely with
bitumen and thus we will have better joint.
10kV DC Shield Break test to be carried out after cable Jointing / Termination work Test 4
20
*) 132kV Cable Termination:
Termination Material Termination Preparation
Termination Finished Termination Docked in GIS
Pre commissioning Tests to be carried out
Test 5
Phase Checking Through Conductor
Conductor Resistance (End to End) Test 6
21
¾ Bonding Systems :
There are different types of Bonding Systems:
9 DIRECT BONDING SYSTEM
9 SINGLE POINT BONDING SYSTEM (With parallel Earth continuity Conductor)
9 CROSS BONDING SYSTEM
*) Direct Bonding System:
In this System both end of the metallic sheath of the Cable is grounded directly to earth at the
termination points. In this system cable current carrying capacity will reduce due to the circulating
current flow.
Hence this system is not used in DEWA network anymore.
*) Single point Bonding System:
• Can be applied for route length of a single section or combination of minor section
• Total length not to exceed 900m (depending on induced Voltage calculations).
• Can be of single earthing or multiple earthing types.
• It is normal practice to run a parallel Earth Continuity Conductor along the circuit.
‐ Parallel Earth Continuity Conductor:
During a ground fault on the power system the zero sequence current carried out by the cable
conductors could return by whatever external paths are available. A ground fault in the immediate
vicinity of the cable can cause a large difference in ground potential rise between the two ends of the
cable system, posing hazards to personnel and equipment. For this reason, single‐ point bonded cable
22
installation need parallel ground conductor, grounded at both ends of the cable route and installed very
close to the cable conductors, to carry the fault current during ground faults and to limit the voltage rise
of the sheath during ground faults to an acceptable level. The parallel ground continuity conductor is
usually insulated to avoid corrosion and transposed, if the cables are not transposed, to avoid circulating
currents and losses during normal operation conditions.
*) Cross Bonding System:
• Preferred practice in DEWA systems
• Can be applied where circuit lengths are more & single point bonding isnt practicable.
• Minimum of 3 equal minor sections required, the unbalanced induced voltages can be
neutralized.
• If required combination of Cross bonding & Single point bonding system can be introduced
where necessary.
Cross bonding single – conductor cables attempts to neutralize the total induced voltage in the cable
sheaths to minimize the circulating current and losses in the cable sheaths, while permitting increased
cable spacing and longer runs of cable lengths. Increasing cable spacing increases the thermal
independence of each cable, thereby increasing its current carrying capacity.
The Most basic form of cross bonding consists of sectionalizing the cable into three minor sections of
equal length and cross‐ connecting the sheaths at each minor section. Three minor cable sections form a
major section. The sheaths are then bonded and grounded at the beginning and the end of each major
section. It is not possible to achieve a complete balance of induced voltages in the cable sheaths if the
cables are not either transposed or laid in trefoil configuration. For this reason, cables laid in flat
configuration are transposed at each minor section. This neutralizes the induced sheath voltages,
assuming the three minor sections are identical.
23
gement:
of Link Arrang
*) Types o
Balancee Pre‐Comm
m. Tests
Link C
Contact Resistance test for Link Boxes. Test 7
Earth Resistance ttest for Joint b
bay earth griid. Test 8
Sheatth Voltage Lim
miter Integritty test (SVL) Test 9
End to heath test & Phasing.
o end Final Sh Test 100
HV teest for whole cable circuit. Test 11
Insula
ation Resistan
nce test need
ds to be carrieed out beforee and after alll HV (AC & D
DC) tests. Test 12
24
¾ LILO
O & Modificcation:
For Loop In Loop Out o
or Modification of existingg Circuit certain criteria to
o be followed
d
¾ Worrk at S/S U
Under Outa
age:
For aany work in LLive S/S prem
mises contracttors need to o obtain entry / work permit. Prior to sttart of
any OOutage relateed work/test Outage Workk Permit need d to be obtain
n by DEWA sttaff & concern n P&E
/ TP witness stafff must availaable for full‐tiime basis forr any type of work. In addition to that other
feeder’s status sh
hould be noticced prior starrting the worrk. All earth sw witch status sshould be cheecked
physsically.
25
¾ Work Under O
Outage Wo
ork Permitt:
Before staarting any wo
ork/Testing reelated with GIIS, it is necesssary to confirm work perm
mit is availablee for
the same & physically check the feeeder switching positions arre safe for conducting anyy job.
26
¾ Testing procedures:
There are several tests that should be witnessed by DEWA commissioning engineer in order to verify
that the equipment are working and without any defects or fail, in cable part it includes the
following:‐
• Insulation Resistance test.
• Sheath test before laying.
• Sectional Sheath test before jointing.
• Shield Break test after jointing.
• HVDC test for outer sheath (End to end).
• Earth Resistance test for JB earthing.
• Sheath Voltage Limiter Integrity test.
• Phase Verification test.
• Measurement of Conductor Resistance.
• Link Contact Resistance test.
• HVAC test for 400/132kV Cables.
27
Insulation Resistance Test (I R) ‐ Test (2 & 12)
Connection Diagram:
I.R Test Method
28
Purpose :
To check integrity of cable insulation and to ensure subjected cable is free from earth.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test :
Procedure :
• Connect one end to the test terminal & other to earth.
• All safety points to be checked before switching on.
• Switch on the instrument, record IR value for one minute.
• Switch off the power supply and wait till the residual voltage get self discharged.
• Discharge the cable with earth rod.
• Repeat the process for other phases.
• IR value to be recorded before & after doing High voltage test for cables.
Pre Requirement :
• Completion of Cable installation and back filling of cable route.
• Ensure no other party working near to the testing area.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient man power at both ends during the test.
• Close all Link Box covers.
Acceptance Criteria:
Minimum insulation resistance for new cable: R = ρ / 2fL X log D / d Ω
• ρ = Volume resistivity of insulation at 20o C ohm‐M
• L = Length of cable in meter
• D = Outer dia. of the insulation in mm
• d = Inner dia. of the insulation in mm
29
DC Shea
ath Test (1
10kV) ‐ Tesst (3 &10)
on Diagram:
Connectio
Sheath Teest Method:
30
Purpose :
To determine the healthiness of the sheath of the cable during & after installation.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure:
• Checking of safety measures for both ends.
• Provide proper earthing for all cable cores & sheaths except the testing one.
• Inject voltage gradually up to 10 kV and note leakage current.
• Hold injection for 60 sec and note leakage current.
• Switch off the power supply of Test set & allow self discharge.
• Discharge the cable by discharge Rod.
• Repeat same for other cables.
Pre Requirement:
• Completion of Cable installation and back filling of cable route.
• Disconnection of links in the Link Box.
• Coordination with other working team.
• Ensure no other party working near to the testing area.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient man power at both ends during the test.
• Close all Link Box covers.
Acceptance Criteria:
If the cable withstood 10 kV for 1 minute and there is no breakdown during this period / Leakage
Current shows less than 1mA, the test to be considered as OK.
31
Sheath Test before Laying ‐ Test 1
Connection Diagram:
Before Laying Method:
Purpose: To determine the healthiness of the sheath of the cable before installation.
* Methodology, Procedure, Acceptance criteria, and Equipment is the same as DC Sheath Test
32
Shield Break Test (10kV) ‐ Test (4)
Connection Diagram:
Shield Break Test Method
Purpose: To make sure the integrity of Bonding cable & Shield of insulated joints after installation
* Methodology, Procedure, Acceptance criteria, and Equipment is the same as DC Sheath Test
33
Earth Resistance Test ‐ Test (8)
Connection Diagram:
E.R. Test Method
34
Purpose:
To make sure the measured value of earth grid provided at joint bays comply with specified / required
value.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test :
Procedure:
• Connect all test cords as per connection diagram.
• Make sure to strike the auxiliary earth electrodes in required depth in earth
• Switch on the instrument and record earth resistance on the test format.
Pre Requirement:
• Coordination with other working team.
• Ensure no other party working near to the testing area.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location.
• Keep sufficient man power during testing
Acceptance Criteria :
Less than 4 ohm earth resistance shall be acceptable.
35
SVL Integrity Test – Test 9
Connection Diagram:
SVL Test Method
36
Purpose:
To ascertain the proper functioning of SVL.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure :
• Disconnect all SVL leads from the bonding links.
• Connect both ends of SVL to the Megger.
• Inject 1kV & record the Megger values.
• SVL to be connected with one end as injecting point and other end to ground.
• Switch on the HVDC test kit.
• Record the Leakage current at UC ‐2, UC ‐1, UC is applied across two points.
• Increase voltage until the cut off voltage reached at 100μA & 1mA and record the value.
Pre Requirement:
• Ensure no other party working near to the testing area.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
1A
100mA
Acceptance Criteria:
Voltage & Current Characteristics complying to Manufactures Guidelines.
37
Phase Verification Test ‐ Test (5 & 10)
Connection Diagram:
Phase Checking Method
Purpose:
To ensure the docking of correct phase cable to GIS cable header of same phase.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure:
• Each phase shall be tested one by one
• Coordinate with remote end person for necessary switching on/off of earthing.
• One phase shall be earthed while the others are unearthed
• Repeat same for other phases.
• The test results are recorded in test format
Pre Requirement:
• Completion of all jointing & termination works of the cable route.
• Coordination with other working team.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient man power at both ends during the test
Acceptance Criteria:
Ensuring as indicated, correct phases are terminated at both ends substation the test to be considered
as OK.
39
Conductor Resistance Test ‐ Test (6)
Connection Diagram:
Cond. Resist. Test Method
40
Purpose:
To ensure the integrity of the joints and termination.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure:
• Connect one end of all 3 phase conductors with a thick cable.
• Take the reading by instrument, between R f & Y f.
• Repeat with Y f ‐ B f & R f ‐ B f .
• Measure resistance of the shorting cable and leads.
• Resistance at 200 C ‐ R20
• R20 =Rt/ [1+ a( T ‐ 20)]
• a (Temp Coefficient) = 0.00393
Pre Requirement :
• Completion of all jointing & termination works of the cable route.
• Coordination with other working team.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient man power at both ends during the test
For 630 mm2 copper conductor:
R20 = 0.0283 ohm/Km
Acceptance Criteria:
If the resistance value at 200C is equal or nearly equal to the design resistance i.e. 0.0283 ohm/Km,
the test to be considered as OK.
41
Contact Resistance Test ‐ Test (7)
Connection Diagram:
Contact Rest. Test Method
42
Purpose:
To ensure the tightness of all the connective bolts and nuts of earthing system in the Link Box of HV
cable system.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure:
• After tightness of all link in the Link Box.
• After setting the connection as per attached figure.
• The contact resistance shall be measured at bolted contacts.
• The test results are recorded in test format.
Pre Requirement:
• Completion of all termination works and testing in the cable route.
• Coordination with other working team.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient man power at both ends during the test
Acceptance Criteria:
As per installation guide line Link contact resistance shall not be greater than 20 µΩ.
43
HVAC TEST (400/132kV Cables) ‐ TEST (11)
Connection Diagram:
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HVAC Tesst Method
Machine sside :
Cable sidee :
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Check List for HVAC Test
Before starting the test the HV chick list have to be filled and sighed from the related parties:
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Purpose:
To determine the healthiness of the cable system after completion of cable installation.
Equipment / Accessories used for the Test:
Procedure:
• Mobilization of test equipment.
• Ensure good grounding connection.
• Connection of GIS test bushing.
• Verification of check list.
• Checking of safety points & measures at both ends.
• Calibration of Test Equipment.
• When resonance frequency stabilizes & voltage reaches 132kV, keep it for 1hr.
• Record charging current and frequency on test format.
• After completion of 1 hour HV kit automatically cut off.
• Discharge the cable with Earth rod.
Pre Requirement:
• Completion of cable installation.
• Completion of all Electrical tests.
• Link Box normalization.
• Confirmation from GIS readiness at both end substations.
• Coordination with other working team.
• Ensure no other party working in the GIS room.
• Provide warning tape & warning sign at test location & remote end.
• Keep sufficient supervisor at both ends during the test.
• Close all Link Box covers.
Acceptance Criteria:
132 kV AC per phase (U0 X 1.7) apply for 1 hour (At a Frequency range of 20 – 300 Hz). If no break‐
down happened, the test to be considered as OK.
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