5.

PHASE SHIFT KEYING

OVERVIEW

There is not just Amplitude and Frequency Shift Keying, There is also Phase Shift Keying that
emphasizing on phase modulation. And like its analogue counterpart, even though this form of
modulation is least known, but it still possible and used for some reasons.

Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a digital modulation technique in which the phase of the carrier signal
is changed by varying the sine and cosine inputs at a particular time. PSK is of two types, depending
upon the phases the signal gets shifted. They are BPSK and QPSK.

In BPSK, a short for Binary Phase Shift Keying, The modulator utilizes two types of phases to
differ between zero and one in binary digital data. It uses 0 and 180 degrees of phase. Meanwhile,
in Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), the sine wave carrier takes four-phase reversals such
as 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. It sometimes also occurs on the further development of PSK there
are also variants that take eight or sixteen differing phases to offer. For sake of simplicity, let’s
only talk about BPSK since the more phase inflicted only starts from the same idea as BPSK but
furtherly developed.

THE BPSK MODULATOR

The modulation of BPSK is done using a balance

modulator, which multiplies the two signals
applied at the input. For a zero binary input, the
phase will be 0° and for a high input, the phase
reversal.

The output sine wave of the modulator will be the

direct input carrier or the inverted (180° phase
Pic 1 BPSK Modulator shifted) input carrier, which is a function of the
data signal.al is of 180°.

we can conclude that this PSK is a digital

modulation technique which transmits
information by altering the phase of a stable
frequency carrier signal. Generally, these
modulation methods are superior to modulation
techniques like FSK in terms of bandwidth. These
Pic 2 BPSK Input and Output Modulated Wave
modulation schemes provide better efficiency. But FSK modulation methods are power-efficient
at a given signal-to-noise ratio (S/N).

ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS

From the name, we can tell that each of FSK, ASK, and PSK is different. The Amplitude Phase
Keying utilizes Amplitude to represent every high and low in the input signal, meanwhile the FSK
used frequency, and PSK used phase to achieve same objectives.

Aside from method used, the three of them also differs from the power used to transmit, Both
ASK and PSK used about a same amount of energy, But the FSK used a lower amount to transmit.
Of course it will be all beaten when the SSB hits, since they lower the energy used a lot. And of
course, the final difference between three of them is their respective signal to noise ratio (SNR)
that used to determine how resistant they are to noises

PSK is now a most commonly used in wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi signals transmitted
from a 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz antennas and every TCP-IP based transmission, either wired or
wireless. The encryption methods commonly used are WPA-2-PSK or WPA-PSK. Later, The PSK
Modulation also responsible to make things like Bluetooth devices communicate between each
other, the RFID card transmission, and few other things that I don’t even know some of them
like Local Oscillator, Optical Communications, Multi-channel WDM, Delay & add demodulator,
and Nonlinear effects for WDM transmission

PSK also has disadvantages, it has a maximum messages frequency that could be transmitted at
one time. Experimentally, the number could be achieved by using the same method like max
number of messages in previous FSK Modulation, There is an anomaly when the frequency of the
message is put to 500. Everything is normal when the message frequency in 499, but when it hits
500, everything goes wrong and non- linear, but everything goes back to normal when the
frequency of message hits 501. The data is not changing when I modified either time scaling of
sampling, the carrier frequency or both, so I guess that was the maximum number of message
frequency. The following is the result, taken from MATLAB graph.

When the message frequency is 499, it was normal

When the message frequency is 500, the glitch occurs

When the message frequency is 501, it goes back to normal.