Liquid-in-liquid printing method could put 3D-

printed organs in reach

3D-printed tissues and organs could revolutionize transplants, drug screens, and lab models—but
replicating complicated body parts such as gastric tracts, windpipes, and blood vessels is a major
challenge. That’s because these vascularized tissues are hard to build up in traditional solid layer-by-
layer 3D printing without constructing supporting scaffolding that can later prove impossible to remove.

One potential solution is replacing these support structures with liquid—a specially designed fluid matrix
into which liquid designs could be injected before the “ink” is set and the matrix is drained away. But
past attempts to make such aqueous structures have literally collapsed, as their surfaces shrink and their
structures crumple into useless blobs.

So, researchers from China turned to water-loving, or hydrophilic, liquid polymers that create a stable
membrane where they meet, thanks to the attraction of their hydrogen bonds. The researchers say
various polymer combinations could work; they used a polyethylene oxide matrix and an ink made of a
long carbohydrate molecule called dextran. They pumped their ink into the matrix with an injection
nozzle that can move through the liquid and even suck up and rewrite lines that have already been
drawn. The resulting liquid structures can hold their shape for as long as 10 days before they begin to
merge, the team reported last month in Advanced Materials.

REACTION:

“I don’t know if these invention will give an advancement when talks about printing method because its
my first time to hear that it is possible to print a 3D-printed organ in a manner of liquid to liquid.”
Bodysnatching’ fungus hides inside its
neighbors between blazes
After a forest fire, it doesn’t take long for bonfire scalycap (Pholiota highlandensis), a humble but prolific
brown mushroom, to emerge from the blackened earth. But in between blazes, it disappears—to no one
knows where, sometimes for decades. Now, research suggests the scalycap and several other species of
fire-loving fungi spend the years between fires hiding out in the tissues of neighboring lichens and
mosses.

For years, scientists have tossed around the idea that fire-loving fungi remain undetected for years by
hiding inside other organisms, emerging only when their cocoon burns up around them.

To see whether this “bodysnatcher” hypothesis was correct, researchers collected mosses, lichens
(above), and soil samples from burned and unburned areas in and near Great Smoky Mountains
National Park months after a forest fire. The team disinfected the surfaces of their samples and analyzed
the DNA inside.

REACTION:

“It was amazing that there is some species of fungi or fire-loving fungi disappears when it between lazes
and it will hide in the tissues of neighboring lichens and mosses and it will emerge only when their
cocoon burns up around them”
Supernovae and chemical explosions have a lot
in common
A giant supernova and a tiny gas explosion on Earth may not seem like they have much in common. But
according to a new study, they proceed in much the same way.

Not all explosions are the same. Fireworks, for example, are driven by flames moving slower than the
speed of sound, known as deflagrations. Under certain conditions, deflagrations can transition into far
more powerful detonations, which produce destructive shock waves traveling faster than the speed of
sound.

Such detonations can happen in space, for example when a white dwarf star explodes in a kind of
supernova called a type 1a supernova (SN1a). But the exact mechanism of these cosmic explosions has
remained unclear. That prompted the authors of the new study, published today in Science, to see
whether they could tease out the underlying process by studying explosions much closer to home.

REACTION:

“I can’t believe the explosion in volcano has a lot of common in chemical explosion so it does it mean
that when chemical explode it seems like a volcanic eruption”
USDA decides to move two research agencies to
Missouri, but many employees won’t go

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) yesterday announced the final location—in downtown
Kansas City, Missouri—for its two research agencies being moved out of the nation’s capital.

Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue yesterday signed a lease for office space at 805 Pennsylvania
Avenue in Kansas City, ending speculation about where the department was planning to put the
agencies and whether it would be in Missouri or Kansas.

REACTION:

“Even if Im here in the Philippines I cared on what happen in the other countries like these situation”
Molecular jiggling may explain why some
solids shrink when heated
When things heat up, most solids expand as higher temperatures cause atoms to vibrate more
dramatically, necessitating more space. But some solid crystals, like scandium fluoride, shrink when
heated — a phenomenon called negative thermal expansion.

Now, by measuring distances between atoms in scandium fluoride crystals, scientists think that they
have figured out how that shrinkage happens. While the bonds between scandium and fluorine stay
fixed when heated, the fluorine atoms in the crystal are free to wiggle around a bit. That mix of rigidity
and flexibility causes the crystal’s sides to buckle, the researchers report online November 1 in Scientific
Advances.

REACTION:

“It these news tells that or explain broadly why solid shrink when it heated in elementary days its
already discussed why solid expand when it heated now in these news it expound more why solid shrink
when it heated”
American whiskeys leave unique ‘webs’ when
evaporated
Step aside, whiskey connoisseurs. Scientists have a new way to discern quality among bourbons.

An analysis of residues from evaporated bourbons reveals that different types of American whiskey
leave behind unique weblike patterns. Such signature evaporation marks, described online October 24
in Physical Review Fluids, could help identify counterfeit liquors or test new techniques to speed up
whiskey aging.

Researchers at the University of Louisville in Kentucky discovered these “whiskey webs” by evaporating
bourbon droplets diluted with different amounts of water and examining the dregs under a microscope.
Bourbons with alcohol concentrations of at least 35 percent left uniform residue films previously seen in
experiments on Scotch whisky, while bourbons with alcohol concentrations of about 10 percent left
markings similar to coffee rings.

To the researchers’ surprise, almost every American whiskey diluted to around 20 percent alcohol left
behind a unique, weblike microstructure. Fluid dynamics researcher Stuart Williams and colleagues
suspect that compounds that leach into the whiskey while it ages in charred oak barrels create these
webs. “A lot of [those compounds] do not like water,” he says, so diluting the bourbon forces those
particles to flee toward the surface and form a skin over the droplet. As liquid evaporates away, that
film contracts and buckles to create a network of wrinkles.

REACTION:

“I can’t believe that there is a kind of whiskeys that it can create a unique webs when it was heated and
when it evaporate”
The development of the lithium-ion battery
has won the chemistry Nobel Prize
Creating a rechargeable world has earned three scientists the 2019 Nobel Prize in chemistry.

John B. Goodenough of the University of Texas at Austin, M. Stanley Whittingham of Binghamton

University in New York and Akira Yoshino of the Asahi Kasei Corporation in Tokyo and Meijo University
in Nagoya, Japan, won for their contributions to developing lithium-ion batteries.

These lightweight, rechargeable batteries power everything from portable electronics to electric cars
and bicycles, and provide a way to store energy from renewable but transient energy sources, like
sunlight and wind.

“This battery has had a dramatic impact on our society,” Olof Ramström, a chemist at the University of
Massachusetts Lowell and member of the 2019 Nobel Committee for chemistry, said October 9 during
the announcement of the prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. “It’s clear that
the discoveries of our three laureates really made this possible. It’s really been to the very best benefit
of humankind.”

REACTION:

“im so grateful because these great scientist gave a great advancement when it comes in chemistry so
they deserve to receive a such a precious nobel prize”
Here’s what it will take to adapt the power
grid to higher wildfire risks
Efforts to prevent wildfires, which are once again raging across California, have plunged vast parts of the
state into darkness.

Millions of people lost power in October in a series of deliberate blackouts intended to preempt power
lines from sparking wildfires in especially dry, windy conditions. Cell towers died, leaving many without
phone service. Traffic lights blinked out. Hospitals scrambled to keep lifesaving equipment running on
backup generators.

While disruptive, the cautionary electricity outages starting October 9 were meant to ward off
something even more disastrous. In 2017 and 2018, wildfire season caused record-breaking destruction.
Hundreds of fires in California in 2018 alone are thought to have been sparked by equipment run by
power supply companies. Many were relatively small and easily put out, but others were more
catastrophic — including the deadliest fire in California’s history, known as the Camp Fire, which killed
more than 80 people and leveled the town of Paradise last November.

REACTION:

“in these news tells that what could be the effect of doing such an unacceptable human action in our
environment and like these it cause a wildfire”
Maryam Shanechi designs machines to read
minds
Mind reading may sound like a sci-fi dream, but it’s Maryam Shanechi’s day job.

This neural engineer doesn’t need mind melds or magic spells to tap into brain activity. Rather,
Shanechi, 38, develops computer algorithms that translate electrical blips emitted by brain cells into
machine commands. Shanechi has designed and tested systems that harness neural firings to control
computer cursors or administer just the right amount of anesthetic.

Now, Shanechi is forging into a new frontier — mind control. She’s on a mission to create brain-machine
interfaces that not only eavesdrop on cells, but also stimulate them to alter mood. This mental
manipulation may one day offer a better treatment to millions of patients with psychiatric disorders, like
anxiety or depression, who don’t respond to existing therapies.

REACTION:

“it’s very amazing that there was a technology which is machine that it can read human mind”
Algae inside blood vessels could act as oxygen
factories
It’s a strange mash-up, but it works: Algae living inside tadpoles’ blood vessels can pump out oxygen for
nearby oxygen-starved nerve cells.

Using algae as local oxygen factories in the brain might one day lead to therapies for strokes or other
damage from too little oxygen, researchers from Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich said October 21
at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience.

“In the beginning, it sounds really funny,” says neurobiologist Suzan Özugur. “But it works, so why not? I
think it has great potential.” Even more futuristic possibilities include using algae in the veins of
astronauts on long-haul space missions, says neurobiologist Hans Straka.

Straka, Özugur and their colleagues had been bubbling oxygen into severed tadpole heads to keep nerve
cells active. But in talks with botanists, Straka got the idea to use algae instead. “I wouldn’t call it crazy,
but unconventional, let’s say.”

The researchers injected either green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) or cyanobacteria

(Synechocystis) into tadpoles’ blood vessels, creating an eerie greenish animal. Both algae species make
oxygen in response to light shining through the tadpoles’ translucent bodies.

RACTION:

“it’s my first to hear that algae could act as a oxygen factories so it does it mean there is a great
advantage on pumping our oxygen which is flood”