Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Department of Automation and Applied Informatics

Electronics

Analog Electronics Measurements

By

Balázs Rakos

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

Table of Contents

1 Preface ..............................................................................................................................3
2 Introduction to the Electronics Workbench ........................................................................3
3 Measurements....................................................................................................................4
3.1 Diodes ........................................................................................................................4
3.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor as Amplifier ....................................................................6
3.3 Bipolar Junction Transistor as Switch .........................................................................7
3.4 Operational Amplifiers ...............................................................................................8
3.5 Filters .........................................................................................................................8

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

1 Preface

The Analog Electronics Measurements contain basic measurement tasks regarding selected areas in
analog electronics. Its aim is to deepen the electronics-related knowledge of students taking the
Electronics course. Since the course is offered primarily for students with mechanical engineering
background, its main purpose is to provide a basic insight to the main topics related to electronics,
therefore the measurements give only an incomplete coverage of the subject. The experimental tasks
provided hereafter are exclusively computer-based simulations, they can be accomplished with the aid
of the Electronics Workbench circuit board design and simulation software.

2 Introduction to the Electronics Workbench

The basics of the usage of the Electronics Workbench can be understood with the aid of the screenshot
displayed in Fig. 1.

Electronic elements Menu

Activate
simulation

Workspace

Fig. 1. Screenshot of the Electronics Workbench simulation software.

The various electronic elements needed for the simulation can be selected from the menu. The main
categories are displayed as icons, their names appear as we place the pointer on them. If we left-click
on the chosen category, we can see the elements it contains, and we can pick the desired one by left-
clickning on it, holding down the left mouse button, and at the same time dragging the item to the
workspace. The parameters of the elements can be changed by double-clicking on it with the left
mouse button. Two items can be connected by clicking on its terminal with the left mouse button, and
while holding it down, we can move to the terminal of the other object to be connected, then the
button can be released. After putting together the desired circuit, the simulation can be activated by

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

left- clicking on the switch located at the right side of the menu. The simulation can be stopped by left-
clicking on the switch again.

3 Measurements

3.1 Diodes

Diodes are used in various areas of electronics, some of their main applications have been
introduced during the lectures. The following measurements will introduce two more
interesting applications: the OR and AND logic functions.

Tasks related to the OR function:

1. Assemble the circuit displayed in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. OR function realized with diodes.

2. Fill in the following table.

Input 1. Input 2. Input 3. Output (Voltmeter)

0V 0V 0V
0V 0V 5V
0V 5V 0V
5V 0V 0V
0V 5V 5V
5V 0V 5V
5V 5V 0V
5V 5V 5V

3. Explain the behavior of the circuit.

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

Tasks related to the AND function:

1. Assemble the circuit displayed in Fig. 3.

Fig.3. AND function realized with diodes.

2. Fill in the following table.

Input 1. Input 2. Input 3. Output (Voltmeter)

0V 0V 0V
0V 0V 5V
0V 5V 0V
5V 0V 0V
0V 5V 5V
5V 0V 5V
5V 5V 0V
5V 5V 5V

3. Explain the behavior of the circuit.

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

3.2 Bipolar Junction Transistor as Amplifier

Tasks:

1. Set up the arrangement displayed in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. Bipolar Junction Transistor as amplifier.

2. Set the amper and voltmeters to AC mode.

3. Measure the voltage gain.

4. Measure the output resistance (the ammeter and voltmeter can be switched by pressing the
space bar).

5. Modify the supply voltage between 6V and 12V and repeat the measurements. Explain the
results.

6. Extend the circuit of 1. with an oscilloscope (Fig. 5)

Fig. 5. BJT amplifier with oscilloscope.

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

7. Observe the waveforms in the oscilloscope. What kind of amplifier do we have?

8. Extend the circuit with a Bode plotter (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6. BJT amplifier with Bode plotter.

9. Explain the result displayed by the Bode plotter.

10. Change the values of the capacitors, and explain the differences of the Bode plots.

3.3 Bipolar Junction Transistor as Switch

Tasks:

1. Assemble the experiment displayed in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. BJT as switch.

2. Run the experiment, observe and discuss the effect.

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Electronics Analog Electronics Measurements

3.4 Operational Amplifiers

Tasks:

1. Design an inverting amplifier with voltage gain Av = 10 using an operational amplifier.

2. Assemble the designed circuit. Display both the input and output voltages, and measure the
gain with the aid of an oscilloscope.

3. Design a noninverting amplifier with voltage gain Av = 20 using an operational amplifier.

4. Assemble the designed circuit. Display both the input and output voltages, and measure the
gain with the aid of an oscilloscope.

3.5 Filters

1. Set up the measurement displayed in the left part of Fig. 8.

Fig. 8. RC circuits.

2. Run the simulation then discuss the result. What can this circuit used for?

3. Set up the measurement displayed in the right part of Fig. 8.

2. Run the simulation then discuss the result. What can this circuit used for?