Ravikumar Koturwar 13MAC0038

Rahul S Kore 13MAC0041

Parth M Mehta 13MAC0048

HART
highway addressable remote transducer
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 1
 Why its Popular now
The HART protocol directly contributes to these
business goals by providing cost savings in:
Commissioning and installation
Plant operations and improved quality
Maintenance
Analog 4–20 mA and digital signals provide
flexibility not available with any other
communication technology.
Hand Held Communicators are often used to
perform device set-up, calibration, commissioning
and periodic maintenance
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 2
Improved plant operations

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 3

 Operational Flexibility

 Multi-master Operation?

 Primary master ---- control system

 Secondary master ---- A hand-held communicator or a maintenance

computer.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 4

 Instrumentation investment protection

 Wiring, analog controllers, barriers, analog or smart

instrumentation

exists widely

 The HART communication protocol enables you to retain your

previous investments in existing hardware and personnel.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 5

 Digital communication

 The HART protocol enhances the capabilities of digital

instruments by providing communication access and
networking

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 6

 HART Vs. Fieldbus
HART is compatible with existing wiring in older
plants.

Hart is understood, accepted and appreciated by

virtually everyone involved.

Fieldbus costs a lot more to implement, especially for

existing equipment.

Lot of instruments not radially available with

Fieldbus.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 7

 HART specifications?

 Physical form of transmission

 Transaction Procedures

 Message structures

 Data formats

 Set of commands to perform required operation.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 8

Communication Modes of HART?

Master Slave Mode (Poll---Response Mode)

Maximum communication speed --- 2 messages/sec.

Configuration ---- Point-to-point or Multi-point

Master sends command (request) , slave responds (replies)

Request

Reply

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 9

Burst Mode ( Broadcast Mode)

Slave transmits messages continuously (e.g. values of a measurand).

The communication speed --- 3 message/sec.

A slave device repeatedly sends a data message.

Used for fast updation of the value of a measured variable

Continuous Reply

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 10

 HART Signal Levels?
 HART protocol specifies that master device transmit a voltage signal
whereas slave device transmits a current signal.

 The current signal is converted in to corresponding voltage by a loop load

resistor(250 ohms), so all devices use voltage sensitive receiver circuits.

 The wave shape is sinusoidal, but trapezoidal waveform is acceptable. A

square wave is not acceptable.

Master Slave Operation?

 The each message transaction is originated by the master station, the slave
device only replies only when it receives a command message.

 The reply from the slave device acknowledges that the command has been
received and may contain data requested by the master.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 11

 Different HART networks?

Point-to-point Mode
 Both analog and digital communications are supported.

 4–20 mA signal is used to communicate one process variable.

 Additional process variables, configuration parameters, and other device

data are
transferred digitally using the HART protocol

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 12

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 13
 Multidrop Mode
 Only digital communication is supported

 Requires only a single pair of wires

 In case safety barriers and an auxiliary power supply for up to 15 field

devices

 All field device polling addresses are >0, and the current through each
device is fixed to a minimum value (typically 4 mA).

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 14

15
 Different Groups of HART commands?

 Universal : Provides functions which are implemented in all field devices.

Examples : Read model
Read serial number
Read range

 Common Practice : Provides functions common to many field devices but

not all. If a device uses these functions, these commands should be used
to perform them.
Examples : Read (up to 4) variables
Perform calibration check
Perform self-test

 Device specific : Provides functions which are more or less unique to a

particular filed device .
Examples : Select 0C/0F (temperature sensor)
Tune a control parameter (control device)
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 16
Command Summary

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 17

 Types of Frame Formats in HART protocol?
 Short frame format ---- Older HART instruments(Version4) used short
frame format. In this the address of the slave device is ‘o’.

 Long frame format ---- HART version 5 introduced ‘Long frame format”. In
this the address of the slave device is world wide unique identifier.

It is a 38 bit number derived from the manufacturer code.

It contains the device code and device id no

Long frame format gives extra security against the possible reception and
acceptance of command meant for another device, either due to external
interference or due to excessive cross talk

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 18

 Some More Points

 pass-through feature?

 DD?

 Interoperability?

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 19

Wireless HART

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 20

 Introduction

 Wireless HART is a wireless mesh network communication protocol.

 It is designed to meet the needs for process automation applications

 It is a KEY part of the HART field communication protocol Version 7

 Less than 10% of the installed HART instruments have a direct

communications link back to a host system.

 The addition of low-cost wireless connectivity provides a pathway for

remote host systems to read process and maintenance information from
field instruments, both old and new.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 21

Wireless HART Network Structure

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 22

Wireless Mesh

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 23

Time Synchronization

Report by Exception – Time- and Condition-based Alerts

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 24

 Time Stamp

 synchronized clock enabling it to transmit data at the correct

time.

 Used to stamp time and date

Wireless Co-existence

 Uses channel assessment and short message sizes to coexist

with neighboring networks

Wireless Diagnostics

 Ensures the health of the network

Include indicators of battery life remaining, devices present,

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 25
 Wireless Security

 Join Key

 Unique Message Integrity Code (MIC)

 Message Encryption

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 26

 Loop Testing

 No 4 to 20 mA signal

 It checks that the process data is displayed correctly at the

host and also tests other control functions.

Wireless HART Adapter

 New HART device can be added to wired device to provides

wireless Feature

 Loop - Powered

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 27

WIRELESS NETWORK

28
 PART 2
FSK

HART signal

HART protocol

MUX

Comparison

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 29

 CHARACTERISTICS
Simultaneously supports two communications channels.
» 4-20mA "analog" communications and
» Modulated two-way "digital" communications.

Additional process data in Multi-Variable devices used to

improve plant operation

Field devices can continuously publish their process data.

» Operators alerted to impending problems before
negative impact to the process = Real time device
diagnostics.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 30

 FSK

Bell 202 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) standard

to superimpose digital communication signals at a low level
on top of the 4-20mA.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 31
 HART SIGNAL
in Physical layer

HART allows additional information to be carried on the same pair of

wires with the 4-20 mA Analog Signal
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 32
TWO COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
4-20mA "Analog" Channel
 4-20mA Analog support large part
of Protocol Specifications
 One-way communication of one
process value
 Simple Low Pass Filter isolates 4-
20mA signal

HART"Digital"Channel
Compliments 4-20mA
Based on Analog Telephone Modems
» Long Cable Runs
» High Noise Immunity
» You can "hear" HART
 Two-way Communications

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 33

 Example

Fig : Two Communication Channels

The following sections contain information that can help you to get the most from your HART
system:

• Connecting a PC to a HART device or network

• PC application development tools > PC configuration software
• Universal handheld communicator >275 Universal
• Reading HART data into non-HART systems
• Commissioning HART networks > HART multidrop networks
• Control system interfaces > Control in field devices
• Multiplexers
• Device status and diagnostics
• Intrinsic safety(IS)

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 34

 CABLE LENGTH
Theoretical Length max. : 3,000 meter (10,000 ft)
Affected by: electrical characteristics ( mostly Capacitance)
& Combination of connected devices

TABLE: Allowable cable lengths for(#18 AWG) shield twisted pair

 It is also a good idea to buy a cable designed for HART.
 Belden 3105A is an example of such a cable.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 35
HART PROTOCOL
LAYERS

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 36

Organization of HART
Specifications
• Controlled by HCF
• Open and Available to Anyone
• Easy-to-Read Language
• Consistent and well-defined terms
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 37
Protocol Structure

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 38

LONG FRAME FORMAT

39
Packet Structure

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 40

RESPONSE
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 41
 HART COMMAND 3

General device status is always returned with

COMMAND3
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 42
 STATUS MESSAGES ARE:

Status Messages

 Field device malfunction (Bit 7)

 Configuration changed (Bit 6)

 Cold start (Bit 5)

 More status available (Bit 4)

 Analog output current fixed (Bit 3)

 Analog output saturated (Bit 2)

 Non-primary variable out of limits (Bit 1)

 Primary variable out of limits (Bit 0)

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 43

 COMMAND 48

Device specific information is always returned with COMMAND48

25 bytes of additional status information

*Not necessary to use all the bytes Ex. Honeywell STT250 uses only
first 3 bytes.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 44

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 45
 can be used as primary I/O front end for a
HART-based control or monitoring system

To interface numerous
HART devices Multiplexers
Support point-to-point Communication between a multiplexer and
and all-digital (multidrop) host depends on the multiplexer capabilities

RS232C, RS485, Modbus, TCP/IP Ethernet

When installing HART multiplexer systems, the following capabilities should be

considered:

o Number of HART channels supported

o Number of HART channels that share a HART modem
o Burst mode support
o Multidrop support
o Method of communication with the host computer or control system
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 46
1. PARALLEL MONITORING WITH A
MULTIPLEXER

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 47

2. MULTIPLEXER AS THE PRIMARY I/O SYSTEM

Figure: HART Multiplexer as the Primary I/O System

PC acts as the host, providing the human-machine interface & perform high-
level functions.

Mux passes HART commands from the host computer to the field devices.

continuously monitors the field devices, reports the current readings and
instrument status to the host,
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 48
Multiplexer refresh time > function of no. of devices
connected per channel

Refresh time = 0.8sec / device / modem

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 49

3. CONTROL FIELD DEVICES

Figure: Transmitter with PID (HART Slave)

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 50

 Wireless HART
vs. Bluetooth
vs. Zigbee
Range

Data security = Reliable message delivery

Industrial grade robustness = Industry acceptance

Reliability.

*No HART device use Bluetooth connectivity with data load.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 51

ZigBee

 No frequency diversity > Entire network shares same static channel

 Static Channel also susceptible to interference with wireless LAN
 Makes it susceptible to both intended and unintended jamming

 Can stop entire network communication

Wireless HART

 Designed from start for robust and secure Communication

 Network works 24*7 > no option to turn it completely off
 Mesh networking with graph routing > provide redundancy and self healing
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 52
Comparison at layer level

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 53

Versions

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 54

 PART 3

Industry App’s

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 55

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 56
 Reading HART Data into
Non-HART Systems
Many HART products are able to perform more than one
measurement or
output function (e.g., make multiple process measurements,
calculate
process information, and provide positioner feedback
information). All of
this information can be easily accessed digitally. However, existing
controllers or interface equipment may not have the ability to read
digital
HART data. Products are available that can read HART digital
signals and
convert them to analog or contact information, which enables any
traditional analog/digital I/O to take full advantage of the benefits of
HART-communicating devices.
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 57
The Tri-Loop module monitors a HART loop for a bursting message and
converts three of the four possible variables in HART communicator.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 58

The site programmable alarm
( SPA )module continuously communicates with any HART-capable
device and provides contact closure outputs (alarm trips) based on the
information received (Figure 14). For example, the SPA can be
configured to monitor the device-status information inherent in the
HART communication protocol and trigger events such as local on/off
applications or alarms. The SPA can also initiate emergency shutdown
action if problems are detected with a field device in critical loop
applications

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 59

 Industrial Application
Many companies in a wide variety of industries have already
realized the advantages of using the HART communication
protocol. This section describes some applications in detail and
outlines the tangible benefits that result.

The applications have been grouped into the following sections:

Inventory-management applications

Cost-saving applications

Remote-operation applications

Open-architecture applications

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 60

 Inventory-Management
Applications
Accurate measurements for inventory management are essential
in all industries. The HART communication protocol enables
companies to make sure inventory management is as efficient,
accurate, and low cost as possible.

Tank level and inventory management is an ideal application for a

HART multidrop network . The HART network digital update rate
of two PVs per second is sufficient for many tank-level
applications. A multidrop network provides significant installation
savings by reducing the amount of wiring from the field to the
control room as well as the number of I/O channels required.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 61

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 62
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 63
 UNDERGROUND PETROLEUM
STORAGE WITH HART
COMMUNICATION FOR
ACCURACY
Underground salt caverns are frequently used for crude oil
storage. One customer pumps oil from barges into the
storage caverns. An ultrasonic flow-meter records the
total flow. To get the oil out of the caverns, a brine
solution is pumped into the cavern through a magnetic
flow-meter. Brine and crude oil flowing in both directions
are measured and reported to the DCS using the HART
communication protocol for accuracy.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 64

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 65
 Cost-saving applications
A Texas wastewater treatment plant replaced stand-alone
flow meters and chart recorder outstations that required
daily visits for totalization with a HART system. HART-
based magnetic flow meters were multidropped into
HART RTUs to create a cost-effective SCADA
network. The use of HART technology reduced system
and cable costs, enhanced measurement accuracy, and
eliminated time-consuming analog calibration
procedures

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 66

A consumer appliance manufacturer used the networking
capability of the HART protocol to ensure level, flow, and
pressure HART multidrop provided substantial wiring
and installation savings as well as digital accuracy with
the elimination of the analog to digital (A/D) and digital to
analog (D/A) conversions of the instrument and PLC I/O.
Figure shows pressure transmitters connected to a PLC via
smart transmitter interface multiplexers.

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 67

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 68
 Remote-Operation
Applications
Choosing the HART communication protocol for all-digital communication
in a wide-area network enabled one company to have real-time
monitoring
and control, access to diagnostics, and maintenance capabilities—all
from a
remote location.

Each platform’s RTU provided a link to approximately 50

temperature,
pressure, and flow transmitters. The RTU used the multi-master
capability of the HART protocol to enable the second RTU to act as a hot
standby, which monitored activity and was able to take over if a failure
occurred. The RTUs provided links with the emergency and safety
systems
and a local interface for maintenance personnel. The Modbus protocol
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 69
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 70
In a Venezuela gas-lift project, HART multidrop
technology was used for remote operation of offshore
gas-lift production wells at considerable savings:

30% decrease in installation costs

16:1 reduction of input modules

Reduced cost of I/O cards in the RTU

Remote re-ranging

Remote access to the transmitter status for improved

process uptime

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 71

 Open-Architecture
Applications
The best way to judge the openness of a communication protocol
is by the
number of products supported. By this standard, the HART protocol
is
perhaps the most open of any field-communication protocol available
today.

In a major refinery expansion, an oil company weighed the advantages

of
using either a proprietary system or a HART-based system. The results
indicated that the company could use HART digital instruments in 92%
of
their applications, compared to only 33% with the proprietary system.
Choosing HART products resulted in an incremental $23,000 in
savings
due to commissioning efficiencies and ongoing maintenance and
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 72
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 73
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 74
 Intrinsic Safety
Intrinsic safety (IS) is a method of providing safe operation of electronic
process-control instrumentation in hazardous areas. IS systems keep the
available electrical energy in the system low enough that ignition of the
hazardous atmosphere cannot occur. No single field device or wiring is
intrinsically safe by itself (except for battery-operated, self-contained
devices), but is intrinsically safe only when employed in a properly
designed IS system.

HART-communicating devices work well in applications that require IS

operation. IS devices (e.g., barriers) are often used with traditional
two-wire 4–20 mA instruments to ensure an IS system in hazardous areas.
With traditional analog instrumentation, energy to the field can be limited
with or without a ground connection by installing one of the following IS
devices

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 75

Shunt-diode (Zener) barriers that use a high-quality safety ground
connection to bypass excess energy

Isolators, which do not require a ground connection, that repeat the

analog measurement signal across an isolated interface in the safe-side
load circuit Both Zener barriers and isolators

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 76

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 77
When designing an IS loop using shunt-diode barriers, two
additional
requirements must be considered:

1. The power supply must be reduced by an additional

0.7 V to allow
headroom for the HART communication signal and yet not
approach
the Zener barrier conduction voltage.

2. The load resistor must be at least 230 Ω (typically 250 Ω).

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 78

 CONCLUDE
HART is a backward compatible enhancement to 4-
20mA instrumentation that allows two way
communication with smart, microprocessor-based
field devices.

Continuously Validate Integrity of Control Information

–Ensure accuracy of system data/ Automatically
detect any deviation between device and system

Continuous Real Time Diagnostics

– Device Problems/ Loop Current Faults
– Device Needs Maintenance

Unlock additional information in Multi-Variable

devices
VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 79
Wireless HART is designed based on a set of funda-
mental requirements: it must be simple (e.g., easy to
use and deploy)

Self-organizing and self-healing.

flexible (e.g., support different applications)

Scalable (i.e., fit both small and large plants)

Reliable, secure, and support existing HART

technology (e.g., HART commands, configuration
tools, etc.)

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 80

VIT UNIVERSITY, SELECT 81
 Ravikumar Koturwar 13MAC0038
Rahul S Kore 13MAC0041
Parth M Mehta 13MAC0048

Questions??

HART