EE214: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

UNIT 1 – COORDINATE SYSTEMS & ELECTROSTATICS-I

1. State stokes theorem.

a. The Stoke's theorem states that “the surface integral of the curl of a function
over a surface bounded by a closed surface is equal to the line integral of the
particular vector function around that surface.”

i. ∫𝒔(𝛁𝐱𝐇). 𝐝𝐬 = ∮𝑳 𝐇. 𝐝𝐋

2. State Divergence theorem.

a. The divergence theorem states that the vector's outward flux through a closed
surface is equal to the volume integral of the divergence over the area within
the surface.
b. ∮𝑠𝐷. 𝑑𝑆 = ∮𝑣𝑜𝑙 (𝛻. 𝐷)𝑑𝑣

3. What is the limitation of Coulomb’s law?

a. It is difficult to apply the law when charges are of arbitrary shape. Here, the
distance, r cannot be determined accurately as the centres of arbitrarily shaped
charged bodies cannot be identified accurately.

4. State coulombs law.

a. Coulombs law states that the force (F) between any two point charges (Q1 and
Q2) is directly proportional to the product of their magnitudes and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance, R between them. It is directed along
the line joining the two charges.

5. Define point charge, line charge, surface charge and volume charge.
a. Point Charge:
These are the charges which do not occupy any space, that is, the
volume of the point charge is zero.
Line charge:
This is a charge distribution in which the charge is distributed along a
line like a filament, that is, this has only length but no width or breadth.
Surface charge:
When a charge is confined to the surface of a conductor, it is said to be
surface charge distribution. Such a surface has both length and breadth.
Volume charge:
When a charge is confined to the volume of a conductor, it is said to be
volume charge distribution. Such a volume has length, breadth and
height.

6. What are the sources of electric field and magnetic field?

a. Stationary charges produce electric field that are constant in time, hence the
term electrostatics. Moving charges produce magnetic fields hence the term
magneto statics.

7. State Gauss law for electric fields

a. The total electric flux passing through any closed surface is equal to the total charge
enclosed by that surface.
8. Define electric flux.
a. The lines of electric force is known as electric flux.
i. i.e. ψ=Q
9. Define electric flux density
a. Electric flux density is defined as electric flux per unit area.

10. Define electric field intensity.

a. Electric field intensity is defined as the electric force per unit positive charge.

11. Name few applications of Gauss law in electrostatics.

a. Gauss law is applied to find the electric field intensity from a closed surface.
Ex: Electric field can be determined for shell, two concentric shell or cylinders
etc.

12. What is electrostatic force?

a. The force between any two particles due to existing charges is known as
electrostatic force, repulsive for like and attractive for unlike.

13. Define dielectric strength.

a. The dielectric strength of a dielectric is defined as the maximum value of
electric field that can be applied to the dielectric without its electric
breakdown.

14. Write Maxwell’s first equation.

𝛁 ∙ ⃗𝑫
⃗ = 𝝆𝒗

15. What amount of work done is required to move appoint charge in closed path?
a. .If the path is selected such that forming the closed path, then the work done is
zero.

16. Write the divergence of vector in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical

coordinates?
𝜕𝐴 𝜕𝐴𝑦 𝜕𝐴
(i) div ⃗𝐴 = ∇ ∙ 𝐴 = 𝑥 + + 𝑧 ----------------------Cartesian coordinates
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕(𝑟𝐴𝑟) 1 𝜕𝐴∅ 𝜕𝐴𝑧
(ii) div ⃗𝐴 = ∇ ∙ 𝐴 = + + --------------- Cylindrical coordinates
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕∅ 𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕(𝑟 2 𝐴𝑟) 1 𝜕(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝐴𝜃 ) 1 𝜕𝐴∅
⃗ = ∇ ∙ 𝐴=
(iii)div𝐴 + + -Spherical coordinates
𝑟2 𝜕𝑟 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜕∅

⃗⃗ and 𝑬
17. Write the relation between 𝑫 ⃗⃗ .
a. ⃗ =𝜖0 𝜀𝑟 𝐸
𝐷 ⃗
where 𝜖0 = 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦;𝜀𝑟 = Relative permittivity

18. What is the electric flux density due to a point charge?

a. 𝐷⃗ = 𝑄 2 𝑎𝑟 C/m2
4𝜋𝜀𝑟

19. What is the unit of electric flux?

a. Coulomb
20. Write the relations between cartesian to cylindrical coordinates?
𝑦
𝑎. 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ; ∅=tan−1 ; and z=z
𝑥

21. Write the relations between cylindrical to cartesian coordinates?

a. x= r cos∅, 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑧

22. Write the relations between cartesian to spherical coordinates?

𝑧 𝑦
a. 𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ; ∅=cos−1 𝑟 ; and ∅=tan−1 𝑥

23. Write the relations between spherical to cartesian coordinates?

a. x= r sin𝜃 cos∅, 𝑦 = 𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

24. What do you mean by conservative field?

a. If the line integral of F.dL is zero. Where F is called conservative field. Static
electric field is a conservative field.

25. What do you mean by Gaussian surface?

a. On the Gaussian surface, Electric field value is same throughout. At every point,
Electric field is normal to the surface.

26. Why Gauss’s law cannot be applied to find electric field due to a finite conductor?
a. Electric field due to a finite conductor is not uniform. Therefore, Gauss’s law
cannot be used to find electric field due to finite conductor

27. Why Gauss’s law cannot be applied to find electric field due to a finite line
charge?
a. The conditions for applying Gauss’s law are electric field must be uniform. It
must be normal to the surface. In the case of finite line charge, electric field is
not uniform. Therefore, Gauss’s law cannot be applied.

28. What is meant by electric flux.

a. Electric flux is defined as the displaced charge, that is Electric flux,
i. i.e. ψ=Q
Electric flux is defined as the surface integral of electric flux density, that is,
𝜓 = ∫𝐷. 𝑑𝑠
𝑆

29. What is the effect of permittivity on the force between two charges?
a. Increase in permittivity of the medium tends to decrease the force between two
charges and decrease in permittivity of the medium tends to increase the force
between two charges.