STRUCTURE OF ATOM 1

CLASS : 11th CHAPTER : STRUCTURE OF ATOM

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
DALTON THEORY Sol. Both mass and charge according to the Properties of
1. Which is not basic postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory ? cathode rays.
(a) Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical
reaction 6. Mass of neutron is .............. times the mass of electron.
(b) In a given compound, the relative number and kinds (a) 1840 (b) 1480
of atoms are constant. (c) 2000 (d) None of these
(c) Atoms of all elements are alike, including their masses. Ans. (a)
(d) Each element is composed of extremely small particles Sol. Massneutron = 1840 Melectron
called atoms.
Ans. (c) 7. Positive rays or canal rays are :
Sol. Dalton said atoms of same element will be alike but atoms (a) electromagnetic waves
of different elements will be different in all aspect including (b) a steam of positively charged gaseous ions
their masses. (c) a stream of electrons
(d) neutrons
FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES Ans. (b)
2. The number of electrons in a neutral atom of an element is Sol. Positive rays are a steam of positively charged gaseous
equal to its : ions.
(a) atomic weight (b) atomic number
(c) equivalent weight (d) electron affinity ATOMIC NUMBER & MASS NUMBER
Ans. (b)
Sol. For a neutral atom, number of electrons = number of 8. The triad of nuclei that is isotonic is :
protons = atomic number 14 15 17 12 14 19
(a) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F
(b) 6 C, 7 N, 9 F

3. The e/m for positive rays in comparison to cathode rays (c) 14 14 17

(d) 14 14 19
6 C, 7 N, 9 F 6 C, 7 N, 9 F
is :
Ans. (a)
(a) very low (b) high
Sol. For Isotonic species, they should have equal number of
(c) same (d) none
neutrons.
Ans. (a)
C = 14 ­ 6 = 8
Sol. Cathode rays contains electrons and positive rays contain
N = 15 ­ 7 = 8
positive charged gaseous atom mass of electron is
F = 17 – 9 = 8
negligible in comparison to positive charge atom
Number of neutrons = Mass number – atomic number
e
 ratio for cathode rays is very low..
m 9. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is :
(a) CN  (b) O 2
4. Which has highest e/m ratio ?
(c) O2 (d) N 2
(a) He2+ (b) H+
(c) He+
(d) H Ans. (a)
Ans. (b) Sol. For Isoelectronic species, they should have equal number
Sol. e/m ratio for of electrons.
CO = 6 + 8 = 14
+2 1 +1
He2+ = = H+ = =1 CN = 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
4 2 1 due to negative charge
+1 1 0
He+ = = H= = 0 10. An isotone of 32Ge76 is
4 4 1 (i) 32Ge77 (ii) 33As77
77
(iii) 34Se (iv) 34Se78
5. Cathode rays have : (a) Only (i) and (ii) (b) Only (ii) and (iii)
(a) mass only (b) charge only (c) Only (ii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii), and (iv)
(c) neither mass nor charge Ans. (c)
(d) mass and charge both Sol. For Isotonic species, Number of neutrons should be same
Ans. (d) 76 77
32 Ge = 76 - 32 = 44 33 As = 77 - 33 = 44
 2 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

76 78 MAXWELL’S EM WAVE THEORY

32 Ge = 77 - 32 = 45 34 Se = 78 - 34 = 44
34
Se77 = 77 – 34 = 43 15. The velocity of light is 3.0 × 108 ms–1. Which value is
closest to the wavelength in nanometres of a quantum of
11. Which of the following atoms and ions are isoelectronic light with frequency of 8 × 1015 s–1
i.e. have the same number of electrons with the neon atom (a) 3 × 107 (b) 2 × 10–25
–
(a) F (b) Oxygen atom (c) 5 × 10–18
(d) 3.7 × 101
–
(c) Mg (d) N Ans. (d)
Ans. (a)
Sol. For isoelectronic species number of electrons should be Sol. c = 3  108 m / sec
equal  . = c
Ne = 10 F- = 9 + 1 = 10
0=8 Mg = 12 3  108 mlsec
N- = 7 + 1 = 8
=
8  1015 sec-1
RUTHERFORD’S MODEL 3
 =  10-7 m
8
12. When a gold sheet is bombarded by a beam of –particles,
only a few of them get deflected whereas most go straight,  = 0.37  10-7  109
undeflected. This is because
 = 3.7  10nm
(a) The force of attraction exerted on the –particles by
the oppositely charged electrons is not sufficient.
16. The frequency of a wave of light is 12 × 1014 s–1. The
(b) A nucleus has a much smaller volume than that of an wave number associated with this light is
atom. (a) 5 × 10–7 m (b) 4 × 10–8 cm–1
(c) The force of repulsion acting on the fast moving –7
(c) 2 × 10 m –1
(d) 4 × 104 cm–1
–particles is very small. Ans. (d)
(d) The neutrons in the nucleus do not have any effect
on the –particles. 3  108 1
Sol.  . = c = 14
=  10-6
Ans. (b) 12  10 4
1
 = wave number = = 4  106 m-1

4  106 -1  4  104 cm-1
 cm
Sol. 100

17. Rank the following types of radiations from the highest

energy to the lowest.
ultraviolet/visible/X­ray/microwave/infrared
(a) X­ray, ultraviolet, microwave, infrared, visible
Only a few get deflected whereas most of them go straight, (b) ultraviolet, X­ray, visible, infrared, microwave
undeflected because most of the space in the atom is (c) infrared, microwave, ultraviolet, visible, X­ray
empty and nucleus has very small volume because of (d) X­ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave
which deflection occurs. Ans. (d)
Sol. Highest Energy   lowest Energy
13. Discovery of the nucleus of an atom was due to
theexperiment carried out by X­ray, ultraviolet, visible , infrared, microwave
(a) Bohr (b) Mosley
(c) Rutherford (d) Thomson 18. The frequency of a green light is 6 × 1014 Hz. Its wavelength
Ans. (c) is :
Sol. Nucleus was discovered during the  ­rays scattering (a) 500 nm (b) 5 nm
(c) 50,000 nm (d) None of these
experiment performed by Rutherford
Ans. (a)
14. Rutherford’s scattering experiment is related to the size of 3  108
the Sol. . = c =
(a) Nucleus (b) Atom 6  1014
(c) Electron (d) Neutron 1
Ans. (a)  =  10-6 m  = 0.5  10-6  109 nm
2
 = 500nm
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 3
PLANCK’S QUANTUM THEORY
4  10-7
n= n = 2  1018
19. Which wave property is directly proportional to energy of 2  10-25
electromagnetic radiation :
(a) velocity (b) frequency
23. The energy E corresponding to intense yellow line of
(c) wave number (d) all of these
Ans. (d) sodium of  589 nm is :
(a) 2.10 eV (b) 43.37 eV
hc 1 (c) 47.12 eV (d) 2.11 kcal
Sol. E = h = = hc. = hc 
  Ans. (a)
hc
20. The number of photons of light of  = 2.5 × 106 m–1 necessary Sol. E =
to provide 1 J of energy are

(a) 2 × 1018 (b) 2 × 1017 1240 cv.nm
(c) 2 × 1020
(d) 2 × 1019 E =
Ans. (a) 589nm
Sol. E = nh E = 2.10ev
1J = nhc. hc = 2  10-25 J.m
24. The relation between energy of a radiation and its
1 J frequency was given by :
n=  2.5  106 m-1
2  10-25 J.m (a) de Broglie (b) Einstein
(c) Planck (d) Bohr
1
n= n= 0.2  1019
Ans. (c)
5  10-19
25. Which is not characteristics of Planck’s quantum theory
n= 2  108 of radiation ?
(a) Radiation is associated with energy.
21. The number of photons emitted in 10 hours by a 60 W (b) Energy is not absorbed or emitted in whole number or
sodium lamp ( of photon = 6000 Å) multiples of quantum.
(a) 6.50 × 1024 (b) 6.40 × 1023 (c) The magnitude of energy associated with a quantum
23
(c) 8.40 × 10 (d) 3.40 × 1023 is proportional to the frequency.
Ans. (a) (d) Radiation energy is neither emitted nor absorbed
Energy continuously but in small packets called quanta.
Sol. Power = Ans. (b)
time
Sol. Plank did not say that energy is absorbed or emitted in
hc = 2  10-25 J.m whole number or multiple of quantum

E 26. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Planck’s

60 =
10  60  60sec quantum theory of radiation ?
E = 2160000 Joules (a) Energy is not absorbed or emitted in whole number
multiples of quantum.
nhc (b) Radiation is associated with energy.
E=
 (c) Radiation is associated with energy emitted or
absorbed continuously but in the form of small packets
2160000  6000  10-10 called quanta.
-25
= n = 6.40  1024 (d) The magnitude of energy associated with quantum is
2  10
proportional to frequency.
Ans. (a)
22. Minimum number of photons of light of wavelength 4000Å,
Sol. Energy is not absorbed or emitted in whole number or
which provide 1J energy :
multiples of quantum.
(a) 2 × 1018 (b) 2 × 109
(c) 2 × 1020 (d) 2 × 1010
BLACKBODY RADIATION AND PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
Ans. (a)

nhc n  2  10-25 27. Einstein’s theory of photoelectric effect is based on :

Sol. E= 1J = (a) Newtons corpuscular theory of light
 4000  10-10 (b) Huygen’s wave theory of light
(c) Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory of light
 4 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
(d) Planck’s quantum theory of light 33. The threshold wavelength for photoelectric effect on
Ans. (d) sodium is 5000 Å. Its work function is :
(a) 4 × 10–19 J (b) 1J
28. In photoelectric effect the number of photo­electrons (c) 2 × 10–19J (d) 3 × 10–10 J
emitted is proportional to : Ans. (a)
(a) intensity of incident beam
hc
(b) frequency of incident beam Sol. w0 =
(c) velocity of incident beam 0
(d) work function of photo cathode
Ans. (a) 2  10-25 J.m
Sol. According to photoelectric effect frequency decides
w0 =
5000  10-10 m
whether there will be current or not but the amount of
current (no. of photon ejected out) will be decided by the 2
intensity of light =  10-25  107 = 0.4  10-18
5
29. Increase in the frequency of the incident radiations = 4  10-19 Joules
increase the :
(a) rate of emission of photo­electrons 34. The kinetic energy of the photoelectrons does not depend
(b) work function upon
(c) kinetic energy of photo­electrons (a) Intensity of incident radiation
(d) threshold frequency (b) Frequency of incident radiation
Ans. (c) (c) Wavelength of incident radiation
Sol. h -h 0 = K.E (d) Wave number of incident radiation.
Ans. (a)
So if we increase  then K.E. will increases as  0 or Sol. Intensity of incident radiation
h 0 - w 0 is constant for a given metal
35. If the threshold frequency of a metal for photoelectric effect
is 0, then which of the following will not happen ?
30. Threshold wavelength depends upon :
(a) If the frequency of the incident radiation is 0, the
(a) frequency of incident radiation
kinetic energy of the electrons ejected is zero.
(b) velocity of electrons
(b) If the frequency of the incident radiation is , the kinetic
(c) work function
energy of the electrons ejected will be h– h0.
(d) None of the above
(c) If the frequency is kept same at  but intensity is
Ans. (c)
increased, the number of electrons ejected will increase.
hc (d) If the frequency of incident radiation is further
Sol. Work function = w0 = (Threshold wavelength)
0 increased, the number of photoelectrons ejected will
increase.
 it only depends on work function. Ans (d)
31. Photoelectric effect shows Sol. h -h 0 = K.E
(a) particle­like behaviour of light
(a) if  -  0 ,KE = 0
(b) wave­like behaviour of light
(c) both wave­like and particle­like behaviour of light (b) if  -  then KE = h -h 0
(d) neither wave­like nor particle­like behaviour of light (c) no. of electrons ejected intensity of light but
Ans. (a) Independent of frequency

32. Ultraviolet light of 6.2 eV falls on aluminium surface (work SPECTRA

function = 4.2 eV). The kinetic energy (in joule) of the
fastest electron emitted is approximately : 36. The line spectrum of two elements is not identical because
(a) 3 × 10–21 (b) 3 × 10–19 (a) They do not have same number of neutrons
–17
(c) 3 × 10 (d) 3 × 10–15 (b) They have dissimilar mass number
Ans. (b) (c) They have different energy level schemes
Sol. h -h 0 = K.Emax (d) They have different number of valence electrons
6.2 ­ 4.2 = kE k.E = 2ev Ans. (c)

= 2  1.6  10-19 Joules = 3  10-19 Sol. Elements can have same no. of neutrons 
 Isotones
Elements can have same mass no. 
 Isobar
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 5

Elements can have same no of valence e   z2

Elements in a group Sol. E = -13.6
n2
But Elements cannot have same Energy level and because
of that line spectrum of two elements is different
 12
E = -13.6  2
BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL  2
37. The energy of electron in 3rd orbit of hydrogen atom is -13.6
(a) –1311.8 kJmol–1 (b) –82.0 kJ mol–1 E= = -3.4ev
–1
4
(c) –145.7 kJ mol (d) –327.9 kJ mol–1
-19
Ans. (c) E = -3.4  1.6  10-19 = -5.44  10 Joules

Sol. E=
-1312 z2   KJ / mol 41. The energy of second Bohr orbit in the hydrogen atom is
2 –3.4 eV. The energy of fourth orbit of He+ ion would be
 n
(a) –3.4 eV (b) –0.85 eV
2 (c) –13.64 eV (d) +3.4 eV
-1312   1  Ans. (a)
E3 = 2
 3 -RH  1
2
-RHz2 -3.4 =
E3 = ­145.7 kJ/mol Sol. EH =
n2  2 2
38. The ionization energy of H atom is 13.6 eV. The ionization
energy of Li2+ ion will be z2
RH = 13.6 E = -RH
(a) 54.4 eV (b) 40.8 eV He+ n2
(c) 27.2 eV (d) 122.4 eV
Ans. (d)
 2 2
2 2 = -13.6  = ­3.4ev
Sol. EIonisation Li + 2 = Eionisation H   Z  = 13.6   3  4 2
= 122.4ev
42. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H atom
39. The ratio of the difference in energy between the first and is –13.6 eV. The possible energy value(s) of the excited
the second Bohr orbit to that between second and third state(s) for electrons in Bohr orbits to hydrogen is (are)
Bohr orbit is (a) –3.4 eV (b) –4.2 eV
1 1 (c) –6.8 eV (d) +6.8 eV
(a) (b) Ans. (a)
2 3
27 4 -13.6z2
(c) (d) Sol. E=
5 9 n2
Ans. (c) For

2 1 1 3
-13.6  z   2 -
E1 -E2
= 1 22  = 4
Sol. 5
E2 -E3 2 1 1
-13.6  z   2 - 2  36
2 3 

3 36 27
=  =
4 5 5 43. The ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. The
energy required to excite the electron in a hydrogen atom
40. Energy of electron of hydrogen atom in second Bohr from the ground state to the first excited state is
orbit is (a) 1.69 × 10–18 J (b) 1.69 × 10–23 J
(a) –5.44 × 10–19 J (b) –5.44 × 10–19 kJ 23
(c) 1.69 × 10 J (d) 1.69 × 1025 J
–19
(c) –5.44 × 10 cal (d) –5.44 × 10–19 eV Ans. (a)
Ans. (a) Sol. First excited state means n = 2.
 6 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Ans. (d)
Ionisation Energy = -E1st state Ei = ­13.6ev Sol. IE1 = +13.6eV
st
2 IE2 = +3.4ev 
 1 excited state
-13.6  1 
E = E2 -E1 = -  -13.6  = 10.2ev
 2 2
nd
IE3 = +1.51ev 
 2 excited state
  3.4 eV
 10.2  1.6  10-19
47. The radius of first Bohr’s orbit for hydrogen is 0.53 Å.
 1.6  10-18 J
The radius of third Bohr’s orbit would be
(a) 0.79 Å (b) 1.59 Å
44. In a Bohr’s model of atom when an electron jumps from
(c) 3.18 Å (d) 4.77 Å
n = 1 to n = 3, how much energy will be emitted or absorbed
Ans. (d)
(1erg = 10+ J)
(a) 2.15 × 10–11 erg (b) 0.1911 × 10–10 erg 2
n2 0.529  3
–12
(c) 2.389 × 10 erg (d) 0.239 × 10–10 erg Sol. r = 0.529 A0 r3 =
Ans. (b) z  1
Sol. E = E3 -E1 
= 0.53  9 = 4.77 A
1 1
= -13.6z2  2 - 2 
3 1  48. The Bohr orbit radius for the hydrogen atom (n = 1) is
approximately 0.530 Å. The radius for the first excited state
2  1- 9  (n = 2) orbit is
= -13.6   1   (a) 0.13 Å (b) 1.06 Å
 9  (c) 4.77 Å (d) 2.12 Å
8 Ans. (d)
=  13.6ev Sol. First excited state n = 2
9
2 
0.53   2 
= 12.08  1.6  10-19 Joules r= = 2.12 A
Z
= 19.34  10-19  107 erg
49. According to Bohr model, angular momentum of an electron
= 19.34  10-12 in the 3rd orbit is :
= 0.1934  10-10 erg 3h 1.5h
(a) (b)
 
45. An electron in H­atom is moving with a kinetic energy of
3 9h
5.45×10–19J. What will be energy level for this electron ? (c) (d)
(a) 1 (b) 2 h 
(c) 3 (d) None of these Ans. (b)
Ans. (b) nh
Sol. T.E. = ­K.E Sol. mvr = (According to Bohr’s Model)
2
T.E. = -5.45  10-19 J For 3rd orbit
2 3h 1.5h
-5.45  10-19 -13.6  1  mvr = =
= ev = 2 
1.6  10-19 n2
13.6  1.6 50. Electronic energy is a negative energy because
= n2 = (a) Electron carries negative charge.
5.45
(b) Energy is zero near the nucleus and decreases as the
n2 = 3.99  4 distance from the nucleus increases.
n=2 (c) Energy is zero at an infinite distance from the nucleus
and decreases as the electron comes closer to the
46. The energy required to dislodge electron from excited nucleus.
isolated H­atom, IE1 = 13.6 eV is (d) There are interelectronic repulsions.
(a) = 13.6 eV (b) > 13.6 eV Ans. (c)
Sol. Energy is zero at n =  , it decreases as we go close to
(c) < 13.6 and > 3.4 eV (d)  3.4 eV the nucleus
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 7

 It is negative. (a) 7  5 for He+

51. Ratio of frequency of revolution of electron in the second 2 1 1

excited state of He+ and second state of hydrogen is  = R  2   -  _________ X
 25 49 
32 27
(a) (b) (b) 5  3 For He+
27 32
1 27 2 1 1 
(c) (d)  = R  2   -  _________ X
54 2  9 25 
Ans. (a)
(c) 6  4 For He+
velocity 2.18Z z
Sol. f= =  2 1 1
Dis tance n 0.529  n2  = R  2  - 
 16 36 
z2
f 20 5R
 n 3 = 4R  =
36  16 36

f 3rd of He+  2 2  2 3 32 55. An electron jumps from 6th energy level to 3rd energy
nd
=  = level in H­atom, how many lines belong to visible region ?
f 2 of H  33  12 27 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) Zero
ENERGY LEVELS OF HYDROGEN ATOM Ans. (d)
Sol. 63
52. The line spectrum observed when electron jumps from
higher level to M level is known as
(a) Balmer series (b) Lyman series
(c) Paschen series (d) Brackett series
Ans. (c)
Sol. M level means n = 3
It comes under Paschen series

53. How many spectral lines are produced in the spectrum of

hydrogen atom from 5th energy level ?
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 15 (d) 4
Ans. (b) In visible region (lines which comes to n = 2)
n  n -1   No lines will come in visible region
Sol. Number of spectral lines =
2 56. The wavenumber for the shortest wavelength transition
where, n = higher Energy level in the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen is
n=5 (a) 27420 cm–1 (b) 28420 cm–1
5  5 -1  20 (c) 29420 cm–1 (d) 12186 cm–1
= = = 10 Ans (a)
2 2
Sol. Shortest wavelength for balmer series    2

54. What transition in He+ ion shall have the same wave number 1 1 1 
as the first line in Balmar series of H atom ?  =  = Rz2  2 - 2 
 2  
(a) 7  5 (b) 5  3
(c) 6  4 (d) 4  2
109670  12
Ans. (c) = = 27417.5cm-1
Sol. First line of Balmer series means 3  2 4

1 1 1 57. The difference in wavelength of second and third lines of

wave number = = Rz2  2 - 2  Balmer series in the atomic spectrum is
 2 3 
(a) 131 Å (b) 524 Å
 5  5R (c) 324 Å (d) 262 Å
 = Rz2   = z = 1  Ans. (b)
 36  36
Sol. Second line of balmer series 4  2
 8 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

1  1 1  3R n  n -1  4  4 -1 
= Rz2  -  = No. of spectral line = = =6
  4 16  16 2 2
1 16 60. The wave number of the first line of Balmer series of H
=
 3R atom is 15200 cm–1. What is the wave number of the first
3rd line of Balmer series 5  2 line of Balmer series of Li2+ ion ?
(a) 15200 cm–1 (b) 6080 cm–1
1  1 1  21R (c) 76000 cm –1
(d) 136800 cm–1
= Rz2  -  = Ans. (d)
  4 25  100
Sol. First line of balmer  3  2
1 100
= 1 1 1
3 21R = Rz2  - 
 4 9
 16 100  1 1 5R
2 - 3 =  -  = = 15200
 3 21  R  36
1  15200
 = 911.5A R=  36 (z = 1 for hydrogen) … (i)
R 5
112 -100 12  First line of Balmer for Li+2
=  911.5 =  911.5 1
21 21 1 
= RZ2  - 

 4 9
= 520.8 A 1 2 5
= R  3 
 36
58. The third line in Balmer series corresponds to an electronic
transition between which Bohr’s orbits in hydrogen atom 15200  36 5
= = 9 (after putting volume of R from (i))
(a) 5  3 (b) 5  2 5 36
(c) 4  3 (d) 4  2 = 136800cm-1
Ans. (b)
Sol. 3rd line in Balmer series is 5  2 61. In hydrogen spectrum, the series of lines appearing inultra
violet region of electromagnetic spectrum are called
1 1 1  (a) Balmer lines (b) Lyman lines
= Rz2  - 
  4 25  (c) Pfund lines (d) Brackett lines
Ans. (b)
1 21R Sol. Lyman lines (Theory)
=
 100
62. The wave number of the first line of Balmer series of
hydrogen is 15200 cm–1. The wave number of the first Balmer
line of Li2+ ion is
(a) 15200 cm–1 (b) 60800 cm–1
–1
(c) 76000 cm (d) 136800 cm–1
Ans. (d)
Sol. First line of Balmer for H  3  2
1 2  1 1  5R
= R  1  -  = = 15200
  4 9  36
First line of Balmer for Li+2  3  2
1 2  1 1  5R
= R  3  -  =  9 = 15200  9 = 136800cm-1
  4 9  36
59. When electrons in N shell of excited hydrogen atom return
to ground state, the number of possible lines spectrum is : 63. A certain transition in H spectrum from an excited state to
(a) 6 (b) 4 the ground state in one or more steps gives rise to a total of
(c) 2 (d) 3 10 lines. How many of these belong to the UV spectrum ?
Ans. (a) (a) 3 (b) 4
Sol. N shell means n = 4 (c) 6 (d) 5
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 9
Ans. (b) 67. An electron has kinetic energy 2.8 × 10–23 J de–Broglie
wavelength will benearly(me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg)
n  n -1
Sol. Number of spectral lines = (a) 9.24 × 10–4 m (b) 9.24 × 10–7 m
2 –8
(c) 9.24 × 10 m (d) 9.24 × 10–10 m
n2 -n Ans. (c)
10 =
2 h h
Sol.  db = =
n2­ n – 20 = 0 mv 2mkE
n2 – 5n + 4n ­ 20 = 0
(n ­ 5) (n + 4) = 0 6.6  10-34
n = 5 as n = ­4 is not possible =
For uv spectrum line has to come form any level to n = 1. 2  9.1  10-31  2.8  10-23

6.6  10-34
=
50.96  10-54

6.6  10-34
=
50.9  10-27

= 0.942  10-7
DE-BROGLIE CONCEPT
= 9.42  10-8 m
64. The de–Broglie wavelength associated with a material
particle is 68. A cricket ball of 0.5 kg is moving with a velocity of 100 ms–1.
(a) Directly proportional to its energy The wavelength associated with its motion is
(b) Directly proportional to momentum (a) 1/100 cm (b) 66 × 10–34 m
–35
(c) Inversely proportional to its energy (c) 1.32 × 10 m (d) 6.6 × 10–28 m
(d) Inversely proportional to momentum Ans. (c)
Ans. (d)
h 6.6  10-34
h h Sol.  db = =
Sol.  db = = mv 0.5  100
mv p
66
p  momentum of particle =  10-36 = 13.2  10-36
5
 db  de­broglie wavelength
= 1.32  10-35 m
65. The de Broglie wavelength of a tennis ball of mass 66 g
moving with the velocity of 10 metres per second is 69. An electron with velocity v is found to have a certain
approximately value of de Broglie wavelength. The velocity that the
(a) 10–35 metres (b) 10–33 metres neutron should possess to have the same de Broglie
–31
(c) 10 metres (d) 10–36 metres wavelength is
Ans. (b) (a) v (b) v/1840
(c) 1840v (d) 1840/v
h 6.6  10-34 Ans. (b)
Sol.  = =
mv 66  10-3  10
h h
-34 -33 Sol.  electron =  neutron =
= 10  10 = 10 m me v e mn vn

66. The wavelength of a cricket ball weighing 100 g and me 1

vn = v me = mn
travelling with a velocity of 50 m/s is mn 1840
(a) 1.3 × 10–28 m (b) 1.3 × 10–37 m
(c) 1.3 × 10–34 m (d) 1.3 × 10–30 m v
Ans. (c) vn =
1840
h 6.6  10-34
Sol. = =
mv 100  10-3  50
6.6
=  10-34 = 1.32  10-34 m
5
 10 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
HEISENBERG’S PRINCIPLE (c) it is impossible to determine accurately both the
position and momentum of an electron simultaneously
70. If uncertainty in the position of an electron is zero, the (d) electrons of atoms in their ground states enter
uncertainty in its momentum would be energetically equivalent sets of orbitals singly before
h they pair up in any orbital of the set
(a) zero (b)  Ans. (c)
4
Sol. It is impossible to determine accurately both the position
h and momentum of an electron simultaneously
(c)  (d) infinite By theory
4
Ans. (d)
74. If the uncertainty in the position of an electron is zero, the
h uncertainty in its momentum be
Sol. x.p  x  0
4 h
(a) Zero (b)
h 2
p  
4 h
(c) (d) Infinity
4
71. For an electron, if the uncertainty in velocity is v, the Ans. (d)
uncertainty in its position (x) is given by : h
Sol. x.p  x = 0 p  
h  4
(a) m (b)
2 hm
75. If uncertainty in the measurement of position and
h 2m momentum of an electron are equal then uncertainly in the
(c) (d)
4m h measurement of its velocity is approximately :
Ans. (c) (a) 8 × 1012 m s–1 (b) 6 × 1012 m s–1
12 –1
(c) 4 × 10 m s (d) 2 × 1012 m s–1
h h
Sol. x.p  x.mv  Ans. (a)
4 4
h
h Sol. x  p  x =  p
P = mv x.v  4
4 m
h h
h  p  2  mv 2 
x  4 4
4 mv
h
v 2 
72. A ball of mass 200g is moving with a velocity of 10m sec . –1
4 m2
If the error in measurement of velocity is 0.1%, the
uncertainty in its position is : 6.6  10-34
(a) 3.3 × 10–31 m (b) 3.3 × 10–27 m v = 2
–25
(c) 5.3 × 10 m (d) 2.64 × 10–32 m 
4  3.14  9.1  10-31 
Ans. (d)
0.1 6.6
Sol.  v = 0.1% =  10 = 0.01 =  10-34  1062
100 1040
h 6.6
x  =  1014 = 0.079  1014
4 mv 1040
6.6  10-34 = 8  1012
 = 0.2627  10 -34 3
 10
4  3.14  200  10-3  0.01
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF AN ATOM
= 2.62  10-32 m
76. In the Schrodinger’s wave equation  represents
73. The Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle states that ........... . (a) Orbit (b) Wave function
(a) no two electrons in the same atom can have the same
set of four quantum numbers
(b) two atoms of the same element must have the same
number of protons
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 11
(c) Wave (d) Radial probability 81. The correct designation of an electron with n = 4, l = 3,
Ans. (b) m = 2, and s = 1/2 is :
Sol.  represents wave function (a) 3d (b) 4f
(c) 5p (d) 6s
QUANTUM NUMBERS Ans. (b)
Sol. n = 4, l = 3, m = 2, and s = 1/2
77. For each value of , the number fo ms values are means electron is present in 4f
(a) 2 (b) n
(c) 2 + 1 (d) n –  82. A 3d­electron having s = +1/2 can have a magnetic quantum
Ans. (c) no :
(a) +2 (b) +3
Sol. 2 + 1 (Theory)
(c) –3 (d) +4
78. A subshell with n = 6,  = 2 can accommodate a maximum Ans. (a)
of Sol. For 3d
(a) 10 electrons (b) 12 electrons n = 3, l = 2 m can be ­2, ­1, 0, 1, 2
(c) 36 electrons (d) 72 electrons
Ans. (a) ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION
Sol. n = 6,  = 2
83. The electrons identified by n and l
means 6d  will have 5 orbitals. (i) n = 4, l = 1 (ii) n = 4, l = 0
(iii) n = 3, l = 2 (iv) n = 3, l = 1
can be placed in order of increasing energy, from lowest to
highest
 max 10 electrons can be aceomalid as each orbital can (a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i) (b) (ii) < (iv) < (i) < (iii)
have maximum of 2 electrons. (c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv) (d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii)
Ans. (a)
79. Which of the following sets of quantum number is correct Sol. n = 4 l = 1  4p n + l = 5
for an electron in 4f orbital ? n = 4 l = 0  4s n + l = 45
(a) n = 3,  = 2, m = –2, s = +1/2
n = 3 l = 2  3d n + l = 5
(b) n = 4,  = 4, m = –4, s = –1/2
(c) n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s = +1/2 n = 3 l = 1  3p n + l = 4
(d) n = 4,  = 3, m = +4, s = +1/2 n + l rule state the shell will less value of n + l will have
Ans. (c) lesser energy and in case if n + l is same for two orbitals
we have to give preference to n,
+1
Sol. n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s =  3p  4s  3d  4p
2
4f orbital means 84. According to (n + l) rule after completing ‘np’ level the
n = 4,  = 3, m1 = -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3 electron enters to :
(a) (n – 1) d (b) (n + 1) s
1 (c) nd (d) (n + 1) p
ms = 
2 Ans. (b)
Sol. Configuration order is 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s
+1 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p
 n = 4,  = 3, m = +1, s =
2  we can see that after 2p
There is 3s
80. For a d­electron, the orbital angular momentum is after 3p there is 4s and so on
 after np level electron will enter (n + 1)S.
(a) 6  h / 2  (b) 2  h / 2 
(c) h/2 (d) zero 85. The correct ground state electronic configuration of
Ans. (a) chromium atom (Z = 24) is
(a) [Ar] 3d5 4s1 (b) [Ar] 3d4 4s2
h
Sol. Orbital angular momentum =    +1 6
(c) [Ar] 3d 4s 0
(d) [Ar] 4s1 4p5
2 Ans. (a)
for d electron  = 2 Sol. z = 24
chromium is exceptional electronic configuration
h h n[Ar] 3d5 4s1
= 2  2 +1 = 6
2 2
 12 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

86. In manganese atom, Mn (Z = 25), the total number of Ti+3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1  1
orbitals populated by one or more electrons (in ground V+3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d2  2
state) is Fe+3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 5
(a) 15 (b) 14
(c) 12 (d) 10
90. Azimuthal quantum number for the last electron in Na atom
Ans. (a)
is
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (b)
Sol. Sol. Na  1s22s22p63s1

l = 0 for 3s

87. The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired 91. Presence of three unpaired electrons in phosphorus atom
electron of chlorine atom is can be explained by
n  m (a) Pauli’s rule
(a) 2 1 0 (b) Uncertainty principle
(b) 2 1 1 (c) Aufbau’s rule
(c) 3 1 1 (d) Hund’s rule
(d) 3 0 0 Ans. (d)
Ans. (c) Sol. P= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

Sol. Cl  1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

Hund’s rule (Theory)

92. Consider the following ions

1. Ni2+ 2. Co2+
2+
3. Cr 4. Fe3+
(Atomic number : Cr = 24, Fe = 26, Co = 27 and Ni = 28)
The correct sequence of increasing number of unpaired
electrons in these ions is
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 4, 2, 3, 1
88. The maximum number of 4d­electrons having spin quantum (c) 1, 3, 2, 4 (d) 3, 4, 2, 1
1 Ans. (a)
number s   are
2
(a) 10 (b) 7 Sol.
(c) 1 (d) 5
Ans. (d)
Sol. 4d will have 5 orbitals

1
5 electrons will have + spin
2 1, 2, 3 , 4
1 93. The quantum numbers for the outermost electron of an
Rest 5 will have - spin
2 element are given below
1
89. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired n  2,   0, m  0, ms  
2
electrons ?
The atom is
(a) Mg2+ (b) Ti3+
3+ (a) hydrogen (b) lithium
(c) V (d) Fe3+
(c) beryllium (d) boron
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
Sol. Mg+2 1s2 2s2 2p6  0
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 13
Ans. (c)
1
Sol. n = 2 l = 0 m = 0 ms = +
2 Sol.
2s
H 1s1
Li 1s22s1
B 1s22s22p1

94. For which one of the following sets of four quantum Fe(III)
numbers an electron will have the highest energy
n  m s 99. A compound of vanadium has magnetic moment of 1.73
(a) 3 2 1 1/2 B.M. The electronic configuration of the vanadium ion in
(b) 4 1 0 –1/2 the compound is
(c) 4 2 –1 1/2 (a) [Ar] 4s03d1 (b) [Ar] 4s13d0
(d) 5 0 0 –1/2 2
(c) [Ar] 4s 3d0
(d) [Ar] 4s03d3
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
Sol. a) 3d b) 4p c) 4d d) 5s Sol. Magnetic moment
n+l = 5 5 6 5
4d will have highest energy as it has highest value of  b = n  n+ 2 
n+l
1.73 = n  n+ 2 
95. Which electronic configuration does not follow the Pauli’s 3 = n2 + 2n
exclusion principle ? n2 + 2n ­ 3 = 0
(a) 1s2, 2s2 2p4 (b) 1s2, 2s2 2p4, 3s2 n2 + 3n ­ n ­ 3 = 0
2 4
(c) 1s , 2p (d) 1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s3 (n + 3) (n ­ 1) = 0
Ans. (d) n=1
Sol. Pauli exclusion principle says an orbital can have max. of
 one unpaired electron should be there
2 electrons V = [Ar]4s23d3
 3s3 is not possible  1s2, 2s22p4, 3s2
For one unpaired e will have to remove 4 electrons
MAGNETIC MOMENT  V+4 = [Ar]3d1

96. Magnetic quantum number for the last electron in sodium 100. The total spin and magnetic moment for the atom with
is : atomic number 7 are
(a) 3 (b) 1
(a)  3, 3 BM (b)  1, 8 BM
(c) 2 (d) zero
Ans. (d) 3
Sol. Na  1s22s22p63s1 (c)  , 15 BM (d) 0, 8 BM
2
 Ans. (c)
n=3
l=0
m=0
Sol.
2 2
97. Nitrogen has the electronic configuration 1s ,2s 2p1x

2p1y 2p1z and not 1s 2 , 2s 2 2p x2 2p1y 2p z0 . It was proposed by :

(a) Aufbau principle 3
(b) Pauli’s exclusion principle  Total spin = 
2
(c) Hund’s rule
(d) Uncertainty principle B = 3  3 + 2  = 15BM
Ans. (c)

98. Which of the following has maximum number of unpaired NODES

electron (atomic number of Fe 26)
(a) Fe (b) Fe (II) 101. How many spherical nodes are present in 4s orbital in a
(c) Fe (III) (d) Fe (IV) hydrogen atom ?
(a) 0 (b) 2
 14 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
(c) 3 (d) 4 Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
Sol. Spherical nodes = n ­ l – 1 105. 3py orbital has .......... nodal plane
For 4s = 4 ­ 0 ­ 1 = 3 (a) XY (b) YZ
(c) ZX (d) Any
102. The number of nodes possible in radial wave function of Ans. (c)
3d orbital is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 0 (d) 3
Ans. (c)
Sol. Radial nodes = n ­ l ­ 1 Sol.
For 3d = 3 ­ 2 ­ 1
=0

103. The d­orbital with the orientation along X and Y axes is

called :
(a) d z2 (b) d zy 106. The number of angular nodes in a 3s atomic orbital is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) d yz (d) d x 2 y2 (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (d) Ans. (a)
Sol. Angular nodes = l
For 3s = 0

107. The number of radial nodes in a 3s atomic orbital is

(a) 0 (b) 1
Sol.
(c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (c)
Sol. Radial nodes = n­l­1
For 3s = 3­0­1 = 2

SCHRODINGER EQUATION
d
x2 - y2
108. The quantum number not obtained from Schrodinger
equation is
104. Which d­orbital does not have four lobes ? (a) n (b) l
(a) d x 2 y2 (b) d xy (c) m (d) s
Ans. (d)
(c) d z2 (d) d xz Sol. Theory (n, l, m can be derived from schrodinger equation)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 15

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR AIEEE QUESTIONS

1. A stream of electrons from a heated filament was passed

 1 1 
between two charged plates kept at a potential difference Sol. E = -2.178  10-18 Z 2  2 - 2 
V esu. If e and m are charge and mass of an electron, n n 
 1 2
respectively, then the value of h/ (where  is
wavelength associated with electron wave) is given by:  1 1 
(2016) E = -2.178  10-18  2 - 2 
(a) 2meV (b)  (2) (1) 
meV
(c) 2meV (d) meV 3
E = + 2.178  10-18  = 1.6335  10-18 J
Ans. (c) 4
h h h hc
Sol. = = = ( K.E. = eV] E=
p 2m K.E. 2 me V 

h hc 6.62  10-34 J s  3  108 m

= 2meV  = =
 E 1.6335  10-18 J

2. Which of the following is the energy of a possible  = 12.14  10-8 m

excited state of hydrogen ? (2015)
(a) – 3.4 eV (b) + 6.8 eV or  = 1.214  10-7 m
(c) + 13.6 eV (d) – 6.8 eV
Ans. (a) 5. The electrons identified by quantum numbers n and l
Sol. Energy of electron in the nth orbit of H­atom is, (2012)
-13.6 -13.6 (1) n = 4, l = 1 (2) n = 4, l = 0
En = 2
eV = = - 3.4 eV (3) n = 3, l = 2 (4) n = 3, l = 1
n 22 can be placed in order of increasing energy as
(a) (3) < (4) < (2) < (1) (b) (4) < (2) < (3) < (1)
3. The correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence (c) (2) < (4) < (1) < (3) (d) (1) < (3) < (2) < (4)
electrons of rubidium atom (Z=37) is : (2014) Ans. (b)
1 1 Sol. (1) n = 4, l = 1  4 p
(a) 5,1,0,  (b) 5,1,1, 
2 2 (2) n = 4, l = 0  4 s
1 1 (3) n = 3, l = 2  3d
(c) 5,0,1,  (d) 5,0,0, 
2 2
(4) n = 3, l = 1  3p
Ans. (d)
Increasing order of energy is 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p
Sol. Rb (Z = 37) : [Kr] 5s1
(4) < (2) < (3) < (1)
1 Alternatively,
n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = +
2 for (1) n + l = 5 ; n = 4
(2) n + l = 4 ; n = 4
4. Energy of an electron is given by (3) n + l = 5 ; n = 3
(4) n + l = 4 ; n = 3
 Z2  Lower n + l means less energy and if for two subshells n +
E  2.178  10 18 J  2 
n  l is same than lower n, lower will be the energy.
Wavelength of light required to excite an electron in an Thus correct order is (4) < (2) < (3) < (1).
hydrogen atom from level n = 1 to n = 2 will be (2013)
(h = 6.62 × 10–34 Js and c = 3.0 × 108 ms–1) 6. A gas absorbs photon of 355 nm and emits at two
(a) 1.214 × 10–7 m (b) 2.816 × 10–7 m wavelengths. If one of the emission is at 680 nm, the other
–7
(c) 6.500 × 10 m (d) 8.500 × 10–7 m is at (2011)
Ans. (a) (a) 1035 nm (b) 325 nm
(c) 743 nm (d) 518 nm
Ans. (c)
 16 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

Sol. We know that,  n1 = 1

hc Now, comparing n2 of transition in H atom and He+ ion, we
E = h =

22 1
get =
hc hc hc 16 n2
E = E1 + E2 or = +
 1 2
 n2 = 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 Thus, transition in H­atom is from n2 = 2 to n1 = 1
 = +  = + ‘Trick’ for the same question,
 1 2 355 680  2
Rather than going through detailed. Calculation, we can
355  680 apply trick as follows.
 2 = = 742.769 nm  743 nm  Divide the transition levels by Atomic number of He,
680 - 355 we get the equivalent transition level in it atom.
i.e. He ; n2 = 4 to n1 = 2
7. The frequency of light emitted for the transition n = 4 to Divides by 2, we get,
n = 2 of He+ is equal to the transition in H atom corresponding n2 = 2 to n1 = 1
to which of the following ? (2011) which is required answer (b).
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 2 to n = 1  In case question is asked to find the transition in
(c) n = 3 to n = 2 (d) n = 4 to n = 3 atom with higher ‘z’ and transition of lower atom is
Ans. (b) given, then multiply the given transition level with ‘z’ of
1 1 higher atom.
Sol. Using Rydberg ­ Ritz formula U= RH  -   z 2 e.g. In case question is asked to find the transition in atom
2 2
 n1 n2  with higher ‘z’ and transition of lower atom is given, then
RH = 109, 677 cm-1 multiply the given transition level with ‘z’ of higher atom.
n2 > n, e.g. In above question, H­atom n2 = 2 to n1 = 1
in terms of frequency, for He+, n2 = 2  2 to n1 = 1  2
1 1
 = RH  z 2  2  2  8. The energy required to break one mole of Cl–Cl bonds in
 n1 n2  Cl2 is 242 kJ mol–1. The longest wavelength of light capable
of breaking a single Cl–Cl bond is (2010)
RH = 3.29  1015 Hz (a) 594 nm (b) 640 nm
 In case of He+ for n2 = 4 to n1 = 2 (c) 700 nm (d) 494 nm
Ans. (d)
1 1  Sol. Energy required to break 1 mol of bonds = 242 kJ mol­1
 = RH  22  - 
 4 16  242  103
 Energy required to break 1 bond = J
2
2 2  2 6.02  1023
= RH  -  … (i)
 4 16  hc
We know that, E =

 In case of H
Given, c = 3  108 m s -1
1 1
 = RH  12  2 - 2  ...(ii)
 n1 n2  242  103 6.63  10-34  3  108
 =
6.02  1023 
Since,  in case of H+e transition is equal to that of in H­
atom. So, equating (i) and (ii) 6.63  10-34  3  108  6.02  1023
=
 22 22   12 12  242  103
RH  -  = RH  2 - 2 
 4 16   n1 n2  = 0.494  10-6 m = 494 nm
Comparing, n1 of transition in H atom and He+ ion,
9. Ionisation energy of He+ is 19.6 × 10–18 J atom–1. The energy
22 12 of the first stationary state (n = 1) of Li2+ is (2010)
we get =
4 n12 (a) 4.41 × 10–16 J atom–1 (b) – 4.41 × 10–17 J atom–1
(c) – 2.2 × 10–15 J atom–1 (d) 8.82 × 10–17 J atom–1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 17

Ans. (b) Ans. (d)

Sol. The ionisation of H­atom is the energy absorbed when
Sol. L.E.(He+ ) = 19.6  10-18 J atom-1 the electron in an atom gets
E1 (for H)  Z 2 = I. E. excited from first shell (E1 ) to infinity (i.e., E )
I.E. = E - E1
E1  4 = -19.6  10-18
1.312  106 = 0 -E1
E1 (for Li2+ ) = E1 (for H)  9
E1 = - 1.312  106 J mol-1
-18
-19.6  10 9
= = -44.1  10-18 J atom-1
4 1.312  106 1.312  106
E2 = - =-
(2)2 4
= - 4.41  10-17 J atom-1
Energy of electron in second orbit (n = 2)
10. In an atom, an electron is moving with a speed of 600 m/s  Energy required when an electron makes transition
with an uncertainity of 0.005%, the position of the electron from n = 1 to n = 2
can be (h = 6.6 × 10 –34 kg m2s –1, mass of electron
em = 9.1 × 10–31 kg) (2009) 1.312  106
E = E2 - E1 = - -(-1.312  106 )
(a) 1.52 × 10–4 m (b) 5.01 × 10–3 m 4
(c) 1.92 × 10–3 m (d) 3.84 × 10–3 m
Ans. (c) -1.312  106 + 5.248  106
Sol. Given, velocity of e-, v = 600 m s-1 = = 0.984  106
4
Accuracy of velocity = 0.005%
600  0.005 E = 9.84  105 J mol-1
 v = = 0.03
100
According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, 13. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers represents
the highest energy of an atom ? (2007)
h (a) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = + 1/2
x . mv 
4 (b) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, s = + 1/2
(c) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2
6.6  10-34
 x = = 1.92  10-3 m (d) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2
-31
4  3.14  9.1  10  0.03 Ans. (b)
Sol. n = 3, l = 0 represents 3s orbital
11. Calculate the wavelength (in nanometer) associated with a n = 3, l = 1 represents 3p orbital
proton moving at 1.0 × 103 ms–1 (Mass of proton = n = 3, l = 2 represents 3d orbital
1.67 × 10–27 kg and h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js) (2009) n = 4, l = 0 represents 4s orbital
(a) 0.032 nm (b) 0.40 nm The order of increasing energy of the orbitals is
(c) 2.5 nm (d) 14.0 nm 3s  3p  4 s  3d.
Ans. (b)
Sol. According to de­Broglie’s equation, 14. Which of the following nuclear reactions will generate an
h isotope ? (2007)
= (a) Neutron particle emission
mv (b) Positron emission
Given, v = 1.0  103 m s -1 (c) ­particle emission (d) ­particle emission
Ans. (a)
6.63  10-34 Sol. In the following cases, we will not go through detailed
 = -27 3
= 3.9  10-10 m equation. Only immediate impact on parent nuclei in terms
1.67  10  1.0  10 of ‘z’ and ‘A’ will be observed
Neutron emission :
or   0.4 nm
A A-1
ZX  Z Y + 10 n
6
12. The ionization enthalpy of hydrogen atom is 1.312 × 10 J [Overall ‘A’ and ‘Z’ in equation is balanced]
mol–1. The energy required to excite the electron in the Thus, X and Y are isotopes.
atom from n = 1 to n = 2 is (2008) Positron emission :
(a) 8.51 × 105 J mol–1 (b) 6.56 × 105 J mol–1 A A 0
(c) 7.56 × 105 J mol–1 (d) 9.84 × 105 J mol–1 ZX  Z-1 Y + +1B
 18 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

 -particle emission: Thus, unpaired electrons = 2

A A-4  s = n(n + 2) B.M.

ZX  Z-2 Y + 24He
 -particle emission: = 2  4 B.M. = 2.83 B.M.
A A
ZX  Z+1 Y + 0-1B 18. Which of the following statements in relation to the
hydrogen atom is correct ? (2005)
15. Uncertainty in the position of an electron (a) 3s, 3p and 3d orbitals all have the same energy
(mass = 9.1 × 10–31 kg) moving with a velocity 300 ms–1, (b) 3s and 3p orbitals are of lower energy than 3d orbital
Accurate upto 0.001%, will be (h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js) (2006) (c) 3p orbital is lower in energy than 3d orbital
(a) 19.2 × 10–2 m (b) 5.76 × 10–2 m (d) 3s orbital is lower in energy than 3p orbital
(c) 1.92 × 10–2 m (d) 3.84 × 10–2 m Ans. (a)
Ans. (c) Sol. For hydrogen the energy order of orbital is
Sol. According to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, 1s  2s = 2p  3s = 3p = 3d  4 s = 4 p = 4d = 4 f
h
x   p =
4 19. In a multielectron atom, which of the following orbitals
described by the three quantum numbers will have the
h h
x.(m. v) =  x = same energy in the absence of magnetic and electric fields ?
4 4 m. v (A) n = 1, l = 0 m = 0
0.001 (B) n = 2, l = 0, m = 0
Here v =  300 = 3  10-3 m s -1 (C) n = 2, l = 1, m = 1
100
(D) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1
6.63  10-34 (E) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0 (2005)
 x = -2 (a) (D) and (E) (b) (C) and (D)
4  3.14  9.1  10-31  3  10-3 = 1.92  10 m
(c) (B) and (C) (d) (A) and (B)
Ans. (a)
16. According to Bohr’s theory, the angular momentum of an Sol. Orbitals having same (n + l) value in the absence of electric
electron in 5th orbit is (2006) and magnetic field will have same energy.
h h (D) and (E)
(a) 25 (b) 1.0
 
20. Of the following sets which one does not contain
h h isoelectronic species ? (2005)
(c) 10 (d) 2.5
  (a) BO 33 , CO 32  , NO 3
Ans. (d)
(b) SO 32  , CO 32  , NO 3
nh
Sol. Angular momentum of the electron, mvr = (c) CN  , N 2 , C 22 
2
(d) PO 34 , SO 42  , ClO 4
when n = 5 (given)
Ans. (b)
5h h
 Angular momentum = = 2.5 Set A :BO3- 2- -
2  Sol. 3 ,CO3 ,NO3  Isoelectronic set
  
17. The ‘spin­only’ magnetic moment [in units of Bohr 26 e s 26 e s 26 e - s
- -
2+
magneton (B)] of Ni in aqueous solution would be
(Atomic number : Ni = 28) (2006)
(a) 2.84 (b) 4.90 Set B : SO2- 2- -
3 ,CO3 ,NO3  Non - electronic set
(c) 0 (d) 1.73   
Ans. (a)
Sol. Hydrated Ni+2 is [Ni(H2O)6]2+ 36 e- s 26 e - s 26 e - s
H2O is a weak field ligand, thus d­electrons in octahedral
crystal field are distributed as given
Set C : CN- ,N2 ,C2-
2  Iso - electronic set
d - electron count of Ni = d 8   
  eg 14 e s 14 e s 14 e - s
- -

   t2g
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 19

25. The number of unpaired d­electrons retained in Fe2+

Set D:PO3- 2- -
4 ,SO4 ,ClO 4  Iso - electronic set (At. no. of Fe = 26) ion is (2003)
   (a) 6 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
42 e- s 42 e - s 42 e- s Ans. (c)
Sol. Electronic configuration of Fe is [Ar] 4s2 3d6
Electronic configuration of Fe2+ is [Ar] 3d6
21. The wavelength of the radiation emitted, when in a
In terms of placement of electron in d­subshell
hydrogen atom electron falls from infinity to stationary
state 1, would be (Rydberg constant = 1.097 × 107 m–1) d 6      
(2004) Thus, four unpaired electrons are present in Fe2+ ion.
(a) 91 nm (b) 192 nm
(c) 406 nm (d) 9.1 × 10–8 nm 26. The orbital angular momentum for an electron revolving in
Ans. (a)
an orbit is given by     1 h/2. This momentum for an
1  1 1  1  1 1 
Sol. = R  2 - 2   = 1.097  107 m-1  2 - 2  s­electron will be given by (2003)
 n n   1  
 1 2
1 h
-9 (a)  2 . 2  (b) zero
  = 91  10 m = 91 nm
h h
22. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is correct (c) 2  (d) 2.
2
for an electron in 4f orbital ? (2004)
(a) n = 4, l = 3, m = + 4, s = + 1/2 Ans. (b)
(b) n = 4, l = 4, m = – 4, s = – 1/2 Sol. The value of l (azimuthal quantum number) for s­electron
(c) n = 4, l = 3, m = + 1, s = + 1/2 is equal to zero.
(d) n = 3, l = 2, m = – 2, s = + 1/2 h
Ans. (c) Orbital angular momentum = l(l +1) .
2
Sol. For 4f orbital electrons, n = 4
h
 s p d f Substituting the value of l for s-electron = 0(0 +1). =0
l =3   2
 because 0 1 2 3
m = + 3, +2, +1, 0, ­1, ­2, ­3 27. In Bohr series of lines of hydrogen spectrum, the third line
from the red end corresponds to which one of the following
1 inner­orbit jumps of the electron for Bohr orbits in an atom
s= 
2 of hydrogen ? (2003)
(a) 3  2 (b) 5  2
23. Consider the ground state of Cr atom (Z = 24). The numbers (c) 4  1 (d) 2  5
of electrons with the azimuthal quantum numbers, l = 1 and Ans. (b)
2 are, respectively (2004) Sol. The electron has minimum energy in the first orbit and its
(a) 12 and 4 (b) 12 and 5 energy increases as n increases. Here n represents number
(c) 16 and 4 (d) 16 and 5 of orbit, i.e. 1st, 2nd, 3rd …. The third line from the red end
Ans. (b) corresponds to yellow region i.e. 5. In order to obtain less
energy electron
Sol. 24 Cr  1s2 2 s2 2 p6 3s2 3p6 3d 5 4 s1
we know for p, l = 1 and for d, l = 2. tends to come in 1st or 2nd orbit.
For l = 1, total number of electrons = 12 [2p6 and 3p6] So jump may be involved either 5  1 or 5  2.
For l = 2, total number of electrons = 5 [3d5]
28. Energy of H­atom in the ground state is –13.6 eV, hence
24. The de­Broglie wavelength of a tennis ball of mass 60 g energy in the second excited state is (2002)
moving with a velocity of 10 m/s is approximately (Planck’s (a) –6.8 eV (b) –3.4 eV
constant, h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js) (2003) (c) –1.51 eV (d) –4.53 eV
(a) 10–33 m (b) 10–31 m Ans. (c)
(c) 10–16 m (d) 10–25 m
Ans. (a) z2
Sol. En = -E0 
h 6.63  10-34  1000 n2
Sol. = = = 1.105  10-33 metres. E0 = Energy of H­atom in ground state = 13.6
mv 60  10
 20 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
is (2002)
z2 1 (a) – 1.51 e V (b) – 3.4 eV
Thus,En = -13.6  = -13.6  = -1.51 eV
n2 32 (c) – 6.04 e V (d) – 13.6 eV
2nd excited state ; n = ­1.51 eV Ans. (a)
Sol. 2nd excited state will be the 3rd energy level.
29. Which of the following ions has the maximum magnetic 13.6 13.6
moment ? (2002) En = 2
eV or E = = 1.51 eV
n 9
(a) Mn2+ (b) Fe2+
(c) Ti2+ (d) Cr2+
Ans. (a) 31. Uncertainty in position of a particle of 25 g in space is
–5 –1
Sol. Spin only magnetic moment, 10 m. Hence, uncertainty in velocity (m s ) is (Planck’s
–34
constant, h = 6.6 × 10 Js) (2002)
 s = n(n + 2) B.M. –28 –34
(a) 2.1 × 10 (b) 2.1 × 10
–34 –24
n = no. of unpaired electrons (c) 0.5 × 10 (d) 5.0 × 10
Thus, higher the number of unpaired electron higher will Ans. (a)
be  s Sol. According to Heisemberg uncertainty principle,
a. Mn2+ ; [Ar] 4s0 3d5 ; no. of unpaired electrons = 5 h
x . mv =
b. Fe2+ ; [Ar] 4s0 3d6 ; no. of unpaired electrons = 4 4
c. Ti2+ ; [Ar] 4s0 3d4 ; no. of unpaired electrons = 4
d. Cr2+ ; [Ar] 4s0 3d4 ; no. of unpaired electrons = 4 6.6  10-34
v =
Thus, maximum magnetic moment value 0’ is of Mn2+ 4  3.14  25  10-5

30. In a hydrogen atom, if the energy of an electron in the  v = 2.1  10-28 m s-1
ground state is – 13.6 eV, then that in the 2nd excited state
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 21

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. All questions marked “S” are single choice questions
2. All questions marked “M” are multiple choice questions
3. All questions marked “C” are comprehension based questions
4. All questions marked “A” are assertion–reason type questions
(A) If both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(D) If reason is true but assertion is false.
5. All questions marked “X” are matrix–match type questions
6. All questions marked “I” are integer type questions

FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES (c) varies with the atomic number of gas in the discharge
tube
Charge
1. (A) Assertion (A) : ratio of anode rays is found (d) varies with the atomic number of an element forming
Mass the cathode
different for different gases. Ans. (b)
Reason : Proton is the fundamental particle present in
the gases. Sol. e/m ratio for cathode rays is constant as e is the
(a) A (b) B fundamental particle which is present in cathodes rays
(c) C (d) D e
Ans. (c)  will be always constent
m
Sol. If assertion is true but reason is false.
Because anodes rays are made up of different positively
5. (A) Assertion : Cathode rays are produced only when the
charged gaseous iones
pressure of the gas inside the discharge tube is very
e low.
 ratio also differ Reason : At high pressure, no electric current flows
m
through the tube as gases are poor conductor of
electricity.
2. (S) The minimum real charge on of any particle, which can
(a) A (b) B
exist is :
(c) C (d) D
(a) 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb (b) 1.6 × 10–10 coulomb
–10 Ans. (a)
(c) 4.8 × 10 coulomb (c) zero
Sol. Cathode rays are produced only when the pressure of
Ans. (a)
the gas inside the discharge tube is very low as at high
Sol. Minimum real charge on any particle = charge of one
pressure, gases become poor conductor of electricity
electron = 1.6  10-19coulomb  no current flows
3. (S) The ratio of specific charge (e/m) of an electron to that
of a hydrogen ion is : 6. (A) Assertion :   Particles are helium nuclei.
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1840 : 1 Reason : They are deflected slightly towards the negative
(c) 1 : 1840 (d) 2 : 1 plate and hence carry positive change.
Ans. (b) (a) A (b) B
Sol. Hydrogen contains 1 electron and 1 proton (c) C (d) D
Hydrogen ion means H+ i.e. it has donated its electron Ans. (b)
 we can say that H+ is nothing but proton. Sol.  particles are helium nuclei [He+2]
They carry positive charge
 e / me e mp mp
= e = = 1840 : 1  They are defected towards the negative plate
 e / m protion e ep me
m
7. (X) Column I Column II
–19
4. (S) The ratio of e/m, i.e., specific charge for a cathode ray : (A) Plum­Pudding model (P) 1.6022 × 10 C
(a) has the smallest value when the discharge tube is (B) Planetory model of atom (Q) Thomson’s model
filled with H2 (C) Atoms are indivisible (R) Rutherford’s model
(b) is constant (D) Charge on electron (S)  1/2
 22 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
–2
(E) The spin of electron is (T) Dalton theory (c) 2.5 × 10 (d) 1.25 × 10–13
Ans. (A  Q; B  R; C  R; D  P; E  S) Ans. (d)
Sol. Plum pudding model is also known as Thomson’s model.
4 3
volumeof nucleus 3  1 
Planetory model is another name for model Rutherford  r
Dalton said atom are indivisible Sol. =
volumeof atom 4 3
Charge on electron is 1.6  10 -19
c  r 
3 2
1
The spin of electron is  1 3
2  0
 1.25  10-13  A 3  10-2  1010 A 
A  Q;B  R;C  R ;D  P;E  S  
= 3

Rutherford’s Model  0
 1A 
 
8. (A) Assertion : When  rays hit a thin foil of gold, only a
few  particles are deflected back. 3
Reason : Within an atom, there is a very small positively 
= 1.25  3 64  10-5 
charged heavy body is present.
(a) A (b) B = 125  10-15 = 1.25  10-13
(c) C (d) D
Ans. (a) ATOMIC NUMBER & MASS NUMBER

11. (S) Which are isoelectronic with each other ?

(a) Na+ and Ne (b) K+ and O
(c) Ne and O (d) Na+ and K+
Ans. (a)
Sol.
Sol. Isoelectronic means same number of electrons.
Na+ and Ne will have 10e

12. (S) Naturally occurring elements are mixtures of :

A few deflected as deflection is because of nucleus and (a) isotone (b) isobars
nucleus is very small (c) isotopes (d) isomers
Ans. (c)
9. (I) With what velocity should an alpha () particle travel Sol. Isotopes (same elements or atom have some atomic
towards the nucleus of a copper atom so as to arrive at number but different mass number)
a distance 10–13 m from the nucleus of the copper atom ?
(in 106 m/s) 13. (S) Li2+ and Be3+ are :
Ans. (0006) (a) isotopes (b) isomers
Sol. To arrive at a distance of r from the nucleus K.E. = P.E. (c) isobars (d) isoelectronic
there  particle will stop. Ans. (d)
1 kq q Sol. Li+2 will have 1 electron
m v2 =  ze Be3+ will also have 1 electron
2 r
14. (I) How many of the following atoms/ions are isoelectronic
2kq1q2 2  9  109  2  1.6  10-19  29  1.6  10-19
v2 = = with Ca2+ :
r  m 4  1.6  10-2710-13 Ar, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Cl–, F–, S2–, N3–
Ans. (0004)
m = 4  mp V2 = 4  1013 Sol. Ca+2 = 20 ­ 2 = 18 electrons

q = 2  qp V = 6.3  106 Ar 

K+ 
  will have 18 electrons 4
10. (S) The nucleus of an atom can be assumed to be spherical. Cl- 
The radius of the nucleus of mass number A is given by 
S-2 
1.25 × 10–13 × A1/3 cm Radius of atom is one Å. If the mass
number is 64, then the fraction of the atomic volume that
is occupied by the nucleus is 15. (S) The mass number of three isotopes of an element are 11,
(a) 1.0 × 10–3 (b) 5.0 × 10–5 12, and 13 units. Their percentage abundances 80, 15,
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 23
and 5, respectively. What is the atomic weight of the 3. Amplitude :- Height of crest or depth of through
element ? 1
(a) 11.25 (b) 20 4. Wave Number (ν) =

(c) 16 (d) 10
Ans. (a) Relation between velocity, wavelength & frequency
Sol. Atomic weight element c = ×

 % abundance atomic mass 18. (C) How long would it take a radiowave of frequency, 6 × 103
=
100 sec–1 to travel from Mars to Earth, a distance of 8 × 107
11  80 +12  15+13  5 km ?
= (a) 266 sec (b) 246 sec
100
(c) 280 sec (d) None of these
880 +180 + 65 Ans. (a)
= = 11.25
100 dis tance
Sol. time taken =
speed
MAXWELL’S EM WAVE THEORY
8  107  103 m
= = 2.66  102 = 266 sec
16. (A) Assertion : Wave number of visible light with wave­ 3  108 m / sec
length of 5000 Å is2 × 106 m–1.
Reason : Wave number is defined as the number of waves 19. (C) Which of the following is correct relation of wavelength
present in 1 unit length. among various radiations :
(a) A (b) B (a) Cosmic < X­rays < Micro­waves < ­rays
(c) C (d) D (b) UV rays < Radio waves < visible < IR rays
Ans. (b) (c) Cosmic < UV rays < IR rays < Radio wave
1 1 (d) ­rays < Cosmic rays < IR rays < Micro waves
Sol. Wave number  = = Ans. (c)
 5000  10-10
Sol. Cosmic < UV rays <  - rays < Micro - waves
= 0.2  107 = 2  106 m-1 (spectrum)
Assertion is correct
Reason is also correct by the definition of wave number. 20. (C) Which of the following is incorrect w.r.t Maxwell wave
If both assertion and reason are correct and reason theory.
is the correct explanation of assertion. (a) EM radiations travell with the speed of light.
(b) The wave number of radiations having frequency of
17. (A) Assertion : According to the wave theory, the radiation 4 × 1014 Hz is 1.33 × 104 cm–1
emitted by the body being heated should have the same (c) Electric field of radiations is perpendicular to magnetic
colour but its intensity varies as the heating is continued. field but parallel to direction of propagation.
Reason : Energy of any electromagnetic radiation (d) Radiant energy is a contineous form of energy.
depends upon its frequency. Ans. (c)
(a) A (b) B Sol. EF is perpendicular to MF as well as the direction of
(c) C (d) D propagation.
Ans. (a) Electric field of radiations is perpendicular to magnetic
Sol. E = h field but parallel to direction of propagation.
Energy depends on frequency
Electromagnetic wave theory states that on heating only PLANCK’S QUANTUM THEORY
intensity changes not the colour later blackbody
radiation experiment proved this wrong. 21. (S) The given diagram indicates the energy levels of a certain
atom. When the system moves from 2E level to E level, a
COMPREHENSION photon of wavelength  is emitted. The wavelength of
Electromagnetic wave theory was proposed by James 4E
Clark Maxwell in 1864. Acc. to this theory, the energy is photon produced during the transition from to E
3
emitted from any energy source contineously in the form level is :
of radiations & is called radiant energy.
Some important chanracteristics of a wave are :
1. Wavelength () :­ Distance between any two consecutive
crests or troughs
2. Frequency () :- Number of waves passing through a
point in one second.
 24 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

n = 275  10-1
n = 27.5

23. (S) A photon of 300 nm is absorbed by a gas and then re­

emits two photons. One re­emitted photon has
wavelength 496 nm, the wavelength of second re­emitted
photon is :
 3
(a) (b) (a) 757 (b) 857
3 4 (c) 957 (d) 657
4 Ans. (a)
(c) (d) 3 Sol. Here we will use conservation of energy
3
E1 = E2 + E3
Ans. (d)
hc hc hc
= +
1 2 3

1 1 1
Sol. = +
300 496  3

1 1 1
= -
 3 300 496
When e  moves from 2E to E
300  496
3 =
hc 496 - 300
Energy = 2E ­ E = E = … (i)
1  3 = 759.1
4E
Now when e moves from to E 24. (S) 4000 Å photon is used to break the iodine molecule,
3 then the % of energy converted to the K.E. of iodine
4E E hc atoms if bond dissociation energy of I2 molecule is 246.5
Energy = -E = = … (ii) kJ/mol
3 3 2
(a) 8% (b) 12%
(c) 17% (d) 25%
hc
Now E = put this in equation (ii) Ans. (c)
1
Sol. h -h 0 = KE
hc hc
= hc 2  10-25
3 1  2 Here, h = = J
 4000  10-10
 2 = 3 1
246.5  103
h 0 = 246.5kJ / mol = J
22. (S) Suppose 10–17J of light energy is needed by the interior 6.023  1023
of human eye to see an object. The photons of green K.E. = 0.5  10-18 - 41  10-20 = 50  10-20 - 41  10-20
light (= 550 nm) needed to see the object are :
(a) 27 (b) 28 = 9  10-20
(c) 29 (d) 30
Ans. (b) 9  10-20
%=  100 = 17.83%
nhc 0.5  10-18
Sol. E=

25. (S) Consider a 20 W light source that emits monochromatic
-25 light of wavelength 600 nm. The number of photons
n  2  10
10-17 = ejected per second in the form of Avogadro’s constant
550  10-9 NAV is approximately :
(a) NAV (b) 10–2NAV
550  10-26 –4
n= (c) 10 NAV (d) 10–6 NAV
2  10-25 Ans. (c)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 25
(a) A (b) B
Energy
Sol. Power = (c) C (d) D
time Ans. (a)
nhc Sol. K.Emax = h -h0
20 =
  1sec 
20  600  10-9 work function = energy required
n= to remove an electron
2  10-25
Now as we will try to remove electron from the depth of
n = 6  10-19 metal, energy will become high so work function varies
NA = 6.02  1023 as the function of depth from surface.

 n = NA  10-4 28. (S) The work function of a metal is 4.2 eV. If radiations of
2000 Å fall on the metal. then the kinetic energy of the
fastest photoelectron is
26. (I) Infrared lamps are used in restaurants to keep the food
(a) 1.6 × 10–19 J (b) 16 × 1010 J
warm. The infrared radiation is strongly absorbed by
(c) 3.2 × 10–19 J (d) 6.4 × 10–10 J
water, raising its temperature and that of the food. If the
Ans. (c)
wavelength of infrared radiation is assumed to be 1500
nm, then the number of photons per second of infrared Sol. Eradiation -  = K.E
radiation produced by an infrared lamp that consumes  = work function
energy at the rate of 100 W and is 12% efficient only is
x × 1019. Here, x is hc 2  10-25
Ans. (0009) K.E = - = - 4.2  1.6  10-19
 2000  10-10
E E
Sol. Again, power = 100 = = 10-18 - 0.672  10-18 = 0.328  10-18
t 1
nhc = 3.2  10-19 J
E = 100 J E=

29. (S) If a certain metal was irradiated by using two different
-25 light radiations of frequency ‘x’ and ‘2x’, the maximum
n  2  10
100 = kinetic energy of the ejected electrons are ‘y’ and ‘3y’
1500  10-9 respectively. The threshold frequency of the metal will be :
(a) x/3 (b) x/2
15  10-5 (c) 3x/2 (d) 2x/3
n= = 7.5  1020
2  10-25 Ans. (b)
But in the question it is given only 12% is efficient which Sol. h -h 0 = K.E  0  Threshold frequency
is x  10 19
hx -h0 = y … (i)
12 h.2x -h 0 = 3y … (ii)
So,  7.5  1020  x  1019
100 h 0 will be same as it is work function and it is a
12  7.5  1018 property of a metal.
x= divide (i) and (ii)
1019
h  x - 0  y
90 =
x= h  2x - 0  3y
10
x=9 3x - 3 0 = 2x -  0

BLACKBODY RADIATION AND PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

x = 20
x
27. (A) Assertion (A) : The photoelectrons produced by a 0 =
monochromatic light beam incident on a metal surface
2
have a spread in their kinetic energy.
Reason : The work function the metal varies as the
function of depth from surface.
 26 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
5
30. (I) Calculate the velocity of electron (in 10 m/s) ejected and we also know that no. of photons  Intensity of
from platinum surface when radiation of 200 nm falls on light
it. Work function of platinum is 5 eV. (1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19)
Ans. (0006)
hc
Sol. h -h 0 = KE -  = KE
 
1240
- 5 = KE 6.20 - 5 = KE
200
1 2
KE = 1.2  1.6  10-19 mv = 1.92  10-19 32. (M) Select the correct plots for the photoelectric current.
2

2  1.92  10-19
v2 = v = 0.42  1012
9.1  10-31
(a)
v = 0.64  10 6
v = 6.4  105 m / s
6

31. (S) Which of the correct graphical representation based on

photoelectric effect (assuming n > n0)

(I) (II) (b)

(III) (IV)

(c)

(a) I and II (b) II and III

(c) III and IV (d) II and IV
Ans. (d)
Sol. h -h 0 = KE

KE = h0 -h0
(d)
  
y mx  c
 a straight line which does not passes through origin
Ans. (b, d)

Sol.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 27

Sol.

again if number of photons Intensity of light

 photoelectric  Intensity of light and current is
independent of frequency of radiation
A,B,C are 3 different metals so they will have different
values of work function.
 option B and A are incorrect also in (A) KE is starting
from origin
In option D at  = 0, KE is there which is not possible


33. (S) Photoelectron emission is observed for three different
metals A, B and C. The kinetic energy of the fastest
photoelectrons versus frequency ‘’ is plotted for each
metal. Which of the following graph shows the
phenomenon correctly ?
SPECTRA

34. (A) Assertion : Emission spectrum of a pure atom is line

(a) spectrum, not the continuous.
Reason : Energy of the atoms are quantized.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
Ans. (b)
Sol. In an atom, e move in circular orbits having different
energy and that energy is quantized
(b)  Emission spectrum shows lines corresponding to
those Energy level which is not continuous
 Energy of orbit are quantized but energy of atoms are
not
 If assertion is true but reason is false.

35. (A) Assertion : In the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom,

(c) lines are closely spaced in the region of large
wavelengths.
Reason : In the region of large wavelengths, electronic
transitions occur more frequently.
(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
Ans. (c)
Sol. Spectrum of Hydrogen atom
(d)

Ans. (c)
 28 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Ans. (a, b, c)
20
Sol. rn = 0.529 A
z
Z
vn = 2.18  106 m / sec
n
2
En = -13.6 ev
n2
as we go up it becomes closely pack i.e. Energy for
transition becomes less and wavelength will be high Orbital angular momentum
and if Energy is less then transitions would occur more h
=    +1 Independentof z 
frequently 2
In rn, vn, en the value of z will be different for diff atom or
BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL ions so their values will not be same

36. (S) The approximate quantum number of a circular orbit of 39. (X) Pn = potential energy, En = total energy
diameter, 20.6 nm of the hydrogen atom according to f = frequency, Z = atomic number
Bohr’s theory is : vn = velocity of nth orbit Tn = time period in nth orbit
(a) 10 (b) 14 Column–I Column–II
(c) 12 (d) 16 (A) En  ry, y = ? (P) 1/2
Ans. (b) (B) En/Pn (Q) 1
n2 0 1
Sol. We have, rn = 0.529 A (C)  z, x  ? (R) 2
z f n x
2 t
20.6 0.529  n  0 (D)  v n  Tn   rn, t  ? (S) –1
 10 =  we have converted 20.6nm to A 
2 1   Ans. (A  S; B  P; C  P; D  Q)

n2 =
103 22 n2
0.529 Sol. (a) En = -13.6 2 rn = 0.529
n Z
n2 = 194.7
If we observe dependence of E and r have inverse
n = 14
relation with n.
37. (M) The ionisation energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.  En  r + y  y = -1
Hydrogen atoms in the ground state are excited by (b) We know PE = 2En
monochromatic light of energy 12.1 eV. The spectral lines
emitted by hydrogen atoms according to Bohr’s theory En 1
 =
will be Pn 2
(a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
(c) n = 2 to n = 1 (d) n = 4 to n = 1 z2
Ans. (a, b, c) (c) frequency  3
n
Sol. For hydrogen atom
 f  z2
1
… (i)
f2 z
1
z
f -x
12.1ev > 12.09
 electron can come from 3  1 fx  z … (ii)

1
38. (M) Which of the following parameters are not same for all Using (i) and (ii) x =
2
hydrogen like atoms and ions in their ground state ?
(a) Radius of orbit (b) Speed of electron t
(d)  Vn  Tn   rn
(c) Energy of the atom
(d) Orbital angular momentum of electron Z
Vn 
n
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 29
(a) Increases (b) Decreases
n2 n (c) Remains constant (d) None of these
Tn  
z z Ans. (a)
Sol. As we move away from the nucleus P.E. Increases
n2
ra  42. (S) Which of the following electronic transition in a
z
hydrogen atom will require the largest amount of energy
z n2 n (a) From n = 1 to n = 2 (b) From n = 2 to n = 3
   (c) From n =  to n = 1 (d) From n = 3 to n = 5
n z z Ans. (a)
Sol. (a) From n = 1 to n = 2
n2 n2
  rn 
z z z2  z2 
E2 -E1 = -13.6 -  -13.6 
t = 1 22  12 

40. (X) Match the entries in Column I with the correctly related = –3.4 + 13.6 = 10.2 ev
quantities in Column II. (b) n = 2 to n = 3
Column - I Column - II 1 1  -5 
(A) Angular momentum (P) Increase by increasing n E3 -E2 = -13.6z2  -  = -13.6   = 1.88ev
(B) Kinetic energy (Q) Decreases by decreasing Z 9 4  36 
(C) Potential energy (R) Increases by decreasing Z (c) n =  ton = 1
(D) Velocity (S) Decreases by decreasing n
Ans. (A  P,S; B  Q; C  P,R,S; D  Q)  1 1
E1 -E = -13.6z2  -  = ­13.6 [1 ­ 0] = ­13.6 ev
nh  12  
Sol. (a) angular momentum = mvr = (d) n = 3 to n = 5
2
 Increases by increasing n  1 1
E5 -E3 = -13.6z2  - 
 12 9 
z2
(b) KE = 13.6 2
n  -16 
= -13.6  
KE  z  25 
Decreases by decreasing Z = 8.40
 maximum is 10.2eV
z2
(c) PE = -2  13.6 2 43. (S) If the total energy of an electron in the 1st shell of H
n
atom = 0.0 eV then its potential energy in the 1st excited
Here, Note that sign of P.E. is negative state would be
 increasing n will increase PE (a) + 6.8 eV (b) + 20.4 eV
decreasing z will increase PE (c) – 6.8 eV (d) + 3.4 eV
decreasing n will decrease PE Ans. (a)
Increases by increasing n Sol. We know that PE = 2TE
Increases by decreasing Z actually E1 = ­13.6eV E2 = ­3.4eV
Decreases by decreasing n PE1 = ­27.2 PE2 = ­6.8eV
6 z In ques it is given E1 = 0 that means we have added
(d) Vn = 2.18  10 m/s +13.6 to total energy of each orbit
n
 E1 = 0 E2 = 13.6 ­ 3.4
vn  z = 10.2
Decreases by decreasing Z now 1st excited state is n = 2
P.E2 = 2TE2
41. (S) As electron moves away from the nucleus, its potential = 2  10.2 = 20.4eV
energy
44. (S) Ratio of frequency of revolution of electron in the 2nd
excited state of He+ and 2nd state of hydrogen is
 30 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
(a) 32/27 (b) 27/32 46. (C) The wavelength of light emitted in the visible region by
(c) 1/54 (d) 27/2 He+ ions after collisions with H atoms is : (in Å)
Ans. (a) (a) 6.5 × 10–7 m (b) 5.6 × 10–7 m
–7
(c) 4.8 × 10 m (d) 4.0 × 10–7 m
z2 Ans. (c)
Sol. f
n3 Sol. In visible region Balmer series e has to come from n
2nd excited state means n = 3
= 4 to n = 2
2nd state of Hydrogen n = 2
1  1 1 
22  = RHZ 2  2 - 2 
f3 33 4 8 32   n1 n2 
= =  =
f2 12 24 1 27
1 2 1 1  3
23 = R  2   -  = 4R 
  4 16  16

4 4 0 4
Comprehension
= =  911.5A =  911.5  10-10 m
In a mixture of H – He+ gas (He+ is singly ionized He 3R 3 3
atom), H atoms and He+ ions are excited to their
respective first excited states. Subsequently, H atoms = 1.215  10-7 m
transfer their total excitation energy to He+ ions (by
collisions). Assuming that the Bohr model of atom is 47. (C) The ratio of the potential energy of the n = 2 electron for the H
applicable, answer the following questions. atom to that of He+ ion is :
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2
45. (C) The quantum number n of the state finally populated in (c) 1 (d) 2
He+ ions is : Ans. (a)
(a) 2 (b) 3 Sol. PE = 2TE
(c) 4 (d) 5  ratio of P.E. of H and He+ would be same as ratio of
Ans. (c) T.E. of H and He+ for any orbit.

PE2  H TE2 H -3.4 1

 = = =
PE2 He + TE2 He+  -13.6 4

48. (S) Which of the following curves represent the speed of

the electron of hydrogen atom as a function of principal
Sol. quantum number ‘n’ ?

Now the energy 10.2ev of H is transferred to He+ ion.

So now Energy of electron of He+ ion in n = 2
Will be E = -13.6 -  -54.4 
= 40.8
(a) 1 (b) 2
Now energy of e in H is transferred to e in He+
(c) 3 (d) 4
So total energy = 40.8 + 10.2 Ans. (a)
= 51.0 ev
z
by getting this energy e will go to n = 4 Sol. v = speed = 2.16  106 m / sec
n
as E = E4 -E1 = -3.4 -  -54.4 
1
= 51.0ev v 
n
n=4
If we increase n, v should decrease
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 31
51. (M) If the radius of first Bohr’s orbit of H­atom is x, which of
the following is the correct conclusion ?
(a) The de­Broglie wavelength in the third Bohr orbit of
H­atom = 6x.
(b) The fourth Bohr’s radius of He+ ion = 8x.
(c) The de­Broglie wavelength in third Bohr’s orbit of
Li2+ = 2x
(d) The second Bohr’s radius of Be2+ = x
Ans. (a, b)

n2
49. (M) The angular momentum of electron can have the value (s) : Sol. 0.529 = rn
z
h h n = 1 rn = 0.529 = x
(a) 0.5 (b)
 
h r
a)  db =  multiply and divides by r 
(c)
h
(d) 2.5
h mv r 
0.5 2
Ans. (a, b, c) h.r  nh 
=  2 mvr = 
nh nh  2 
Sol. Angular momentum mvr =
2 2 n2
=  0.529
h n z
 it will be integral multiple of
2
where n = 1, 2, 3 ….  0.529 = x 
 3  
= 2  x  n=3 
 if n = 1 
h
= 0.5
h  1 
 z = 1 
2 
h = 6 x
n=2

 4 2 n = 4 
r
b) 4 = 0.529  
3h h +
2  z = 2 For He 
n=3 = 1.5
2 
= 8x
4h 2h h h hr 2r
n= 4  = =
2  0.5 c)  = = =
mv mvr n
(d) is hot possible as in this n = 2.5 which is not valid
2  0.529n
h h h =
 0.5 , , z
  0.5 
3 n = 3 
 = 2 x   +2 
50. (M) Which of the following are the limitations of Bohr’s 3  z = 3forLi 
model ?
(a) It could not explain the intensities or the fine  = 2 x
spectrum of the spectral lines.
(b) No justification was given for the principle of the  2 2
quantization of angular momentum.
d) r2 = 0.529
4
 z = 4 forBe 
+3

(c) It could not explain why atoms should combine to

form bond.
Energy Levels of Hydrogen Atom
(d) It could not be applied to multi­electron atoms.
Ans. (a, b, c, d)
52. (S) For a hypothetical H like atom which follows Bohr’s
Sol. (Theory)
model, some spectral lines were observed as shown.
If it is known that line ‘E’ belongs to the visible region,
 32 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
then the lines possibly belonging to ultra violet region
will be (n1 is necessarily ground state)
n5
n4
C B
n3
D A
n2
E
n1
n  n -1 
[Assume for this atom, no spectral series shows overlaps no of spectral lines =
with other series in the emmission spectrum] 2
3 2
(a) B and D (b) D only =
(c) C only (d) A only 2
Ans. (d) =3

54. (S) A certain transition in H­spectrum from an excited state

to ground state in one or more steps gives rise to a total
of ten lines. How many of these belong to visible
spectrum ?
(a) 3 (b) 4
Sol. (c) 5 (d) 6
Ans. (a)
Sol. n = n to n = 1

E is in visible region n  n -1 
total lines =
uv region has higher energy radiation than visible. 2
n2­n1 = will be max.
 line which will be having higher energy than E will n2 -n
lie under uv region
10 =
2
 A only n2 ­ n ­ 20 = 0
n2 ­ 5n + 4n ­ 20 = 0
53. (S) If each hydrogen atom in the ground state of 1.0 mole of n=5
H­atoms is excited by absorbing photons of energy 8.4eV,
12.09 eV and 15.0 eV of energy, then the number of spectral
lines emitted is equal to :
(a) None (b) Two
(c) Three (d) Four
Ans. (c)
Sol. We know that energy of photons is quantised

z2
En = -13.6
n2

Now In visible region only Balmer series come.

For that they should come to n = 2
3

55. (I) A hydrogen atom in the ground state is hit by a photon

exciting the electron to 3rd excited state. The electron
then drops to 2nd Bohr orbit. What is the frequency of
So, we can say that out of 8.4, 12.09, 15.0 it will only
radiation emitted in the process ? (in 1014 hz)
absorb 12.09 and e will go to n = 3 orbit. Ans. (0006)
Sol. 3rd excited state means n = 4
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 33
5 to 1 will be highest
e is dropping from n = 4 to n = 2 4 to 1 will be second highest
3 to 1 will be 3rd second highest
1  1 1 
 = RZ2  2 - 2  {In term of Energy}
  n1 n2 
Comperhension
c One of the fundamental laws of physics is that matter is
= most stable with the lowest possible energy. Thus, the

electron in a hydrogen atom usually moves in the n = 1
c 2 1 1 3 orbit, the orbit in which it has the lowest energy. When
 = Rc  1  2 - 2  = RC the electron is in this lowest energy orbit, the atom is
 2 4  16
said to be in its ground electronic state. If the atom
m 3 receives energy from an outside source, it is possible for
 = 109670  100m-1  3  108  the electron to move to an orbit with a higher n value, in
sec 16 which case the atoms is in an excited with a higher energy.
 = 61689.3  1010 The law of conservation of energy says that we cannot
create or destroy energy. Thus, if a certain amount of
 = 6.1  1014 hz external energy is required to excite an electron from one
6 energy level to another, then that same amount of energy
will be liberated when the electron returns to its initial
56. (S) The series limit for Balmer series of H­spectra is state.
(a) 3800 Å (b) 4200 Å Lyman series is formed when the electron returns to the
(c) 3646 Å (d) 4000 Å lowest orbit while Balmer series is formed when the
Ans. (c) electron returns to second orbit. Similarly Paschen,
Sol. For series limit you have to find the shortest wavelength Brackett and Pfund series are formed when electrons
i.e. returns to the third, fourth and fifth orbits from higher
energy orbits respectively.
n =  to n = 2   forBalmer  When an electron returns from n2 to n1 state, the number
of lines in the spectrum will equal to
1 1 1 
= Rz2  2 - 2  (n 2  n1 ) (n 2  n1  1)
 2  
2
1 R If the electron comes back from energy level having
= energy E2 to energy level having energy, E1, then the
 4
difference may be expressed in terms of energy of photon
1 as :
 = 4  = 4  911.5
R hc
E 2  E1  E, E 
0 
= 3646 A Since, h and c are constants, E corresponds to definite
energy ; thus, each transition from one energy level to
57. (S) In a sample of H­atoms, electrons make transitions from another with produce a radiation of definite wavelength.
n = 5 to n = 1. If all the spectral lines are observed, then This is actually observed as a line in the spectrum of
the line having the 3rd highest energy will correspond to hydrogen atom.
(a) 5  3 (b) 4  1 Wave number of a spectral line is given by the formula
(c) 3  1 (d) 5  4
 1 1 
Ans. (c) R 2  2
 n1 n 2 
where R is a Rydberg’s constant (R = 1.1 × 107 m–1)

58. (C) If the wavelength of series limit of Lyman series for He+
ion is x Å, then what will be the wavelength of series
limit of Balmer series for Li2+ ion ?
Sol.
9x 16x
(a) Å (b) Å
4 9
5x 4x
(c) Å (d) Å
4 7
 34 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Ans. (b)
Series limit for Lyman series (He+) 1 2 1 1
Sol. = R 2  - 2 
  12 4 
1 2 1 1 
= R 2  2 - 2 
 1   1 15
= 4R 
 16
1
= 4R 4
 =
15RH
1 0 1
= = x A  = 4x … (i)
4R R 60. (C) What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have
Series limit for Balmer series (Li+2) the same wavelength as Balmer transition, n = 4 to n = 2
1 in the He+ spectrum ?
2 1 1 
= R  3  2 - 2  (a) n = 3 to n = 1 (b) n = 3 to n = 2
 2   (c) n = 4 to n = 1 (d) n = 2 to n = 1
Ans. (d)
1 9R 4 4 16x 0
= =   =  4x = A 1
 4 9R 9 9 2 1 1
Sol. = R 2  2 - 2 
 2 4 
59. (C) The emission spectra is observed by the consequence
of transition of electron from higher energy state to 1  4 -1 
= 4R  
ground state of He+ ion. Six different photons are   16 
observed during the emission spectra, then what will be
the minimum wavelength during the transition ? 4
=
4 4 3R
(a) 27R (b) 15R we have to get this wavelength for Hydrogen atom
H H

15 16 1 1 1 
a) =R -  x
(c) 16R (d) 15R  1 9 
H H

Ans. (b) 1 1 1
b) =R -  x
n  n -1   4 9
Sol. Number of photons observed = 6 =
2
1 1 1 
12 = n2 ­ n c) =R -  x
n2 ­ n ­ 12 = 0   4 16 
n2 ­ 4n + 3n ­ 12 = 0
n(n ­ 4) + 3(n ­ 4) = 0 1 1 1 
d) =R - 
n=4  1 4 
1 3R
=
 4
4
=
3R
 n = 2 to n = 1
Minimum wavelength will be from 4  1 61. (S) What is the total number of pairs of electrons atleast
same quantum numbers for Be ?
1  1 1  (a) 2 (b) 4
 = RZ 2  2 - 2 
 (c) 3 (d) 8
 n1 n2 
Ans. (b)
Sol. For be configuration is 1s2 2s2 we can have set of
quantum numbers as
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 35

1 1
1 0 0 +  = = x (from equation i)
2 R
c) Longest wavelength in Lyman series of H atom is
1
1 0 0 - from 2  1
2
1 2 1 1
1 = R 1  2 - 2 
2 0 0 +  1 2 
2
1 1 3R
=
2 0 0 -  4
2
If we talk about at least 3 same quantum number then 4 4
all the electrons have 3 same quantum number. = = x (from equation i)
3R 3
62. (M) If the shortest wavelength of transition of H­atom in d) longest wavelength in Paschen series of Li+2 is
Lyman series is x, then the correct conclusion is (are) from 4  3
x 1 2 1 1
(a) the longest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ is = R  3  2 - 2 
4  3 4 
(b) the shortest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ is x
(c) the longest wavelength in Lyman series of H atom is 1  7 
= 9R  
4
x
  9  16 
3
(d) the longest wavelength in Paschen series of Li2+ is
16 16
= = x (from equation i)
7R 7
16x
7
 (b, c, ds)
Ans. (b, c, d) de-Broglie Concept
Sol. Shortest wavelength for H­atom in Lyman series will be
from  to1 63. (M) The ratio of the de Broglie wavelength of a proton and a­
particles will be 1 : 2 if their :
1 2 1 1  (a) velocity are in the ratio 1 : 8
= R  1  2 - 2 
 1   (b) velocity are in the ratio 8 : 1
(c) kinetic energy are in the ratio 16 : 1
1 (d) kinetic energy are in the ratio 1 : 16
=R
 Ans. (b, c)

1  p1 1
 = = x … (i) Sol. =
R  p2 2
+
a) longest wavelength in Balmer series for He is
32 h m v 1
 2 2=
m1 v1 h 2
1 2 1 1  5
= R  2   2 - 2  = 4R  
 2 3   36  m = 4mp

9 9x h m v 1
= = (from equation i)   =
5R 5 mp vp h 2
b) Shortest wavelength in Balmer series of He+ will be
4mp v 1
2 =
mp vp 2
1 2 1 1 
= R 2  2 - 2 
 2   vp
= 1: 8
1 4R v
=
 4
 36 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

 proton h 2mKE m = 4mp   =  p

=
 alpha 2mpKEp h e = 2ep

h h
1 4mp.KE  =
= as m = 4mp 2mpep v 2m e v2
2 mp.KEP
Square both the sides
1 4mp.KE
=
4 mp.KEP

K.E.P 16
= v
KE 1  v2 = volts
8
64. (S) The accelerating potential that must be imparted to
66. (S) What is the de–Broglie wavelength associated with the
proton beam to give an wavelength 5 pm.
hydrogen electron in its third orbit
(a) 32.8 V (b) 3.28 V
(a) 9.96 × 10–10 cm (b) 9.96 × 10–8 cm
(c) 328 V (d) 0.328 V 4
(c) 9.96 × 10 cm (d) 9.96 × 108 cm
Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
h
 db = h
Sol. 2mev 0 Sol.  db =
mv

2mev 0 =
h h = 6.626  10-34 J.sec

me = 9.1  10-31 kg
h2 1
v0 =  z
 2 2.m.e V3 = 2.16  106
n
m = mass of proton
e = charge of proton 1
= 2.16  106 
3
-34 2
v0 =
 6.6  10  = 0.72  106
2
 5  10  -12
2  1.6  10-27  1.6  10-19
6.6  10-34
=
9.1  10-31  7.2  105
v 0 = 0.34  102
v 0 = 34V  = 0.1  10-8 m
 = 10-7 cm
65. (S) A proton accelerated from rest through a potential
difference of ‘V’ volts has a wavelength l associated 67. (S) De­Broglie wavelength for an electron is related to applied
with it. An alpha particle in order to have the same voltage as
wavelength must be accelerated from rest through a
potential difference of 12.3 12.3
(a)   Å (b)   Å
(a) V volt (b) 4V volt h V
(c) 2V volt (d) V/8 volt
12.3 12.3
Ans. (d) (c)   Å (d)   Å
E m
h Ans. (b)
Sol. For proton
p =
2mpep v
h 6.610-34 J.sec 6.610-34
db = = =
Sol. -25
h 2mev0 29.110-31 1.610-19 v0 5.3910 v0
For  particle   =
2m e v 2
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 37
Number of waves formed in an orbit = orbit number
1.224  10-34  1025 m
= 2
v0
Heisenberg’s Principle
1.22 0
=  10-9  1010 A 70. (M) The uncertainties in measurement of position and
v0
momentum of an electron are equal. Choose the correct
statement.
12.2 0 (a) The uncertainty in measurement of speed = 8 × 1012.
= A
v0 (b) The uncertainty in measurement of kinetic energy =
h
.
68. (S) If E1, E2 and E3 represent respectively the kinetic energies 8m
of an electron, an alpha particle and a proton each having (c) The uncertainty in measurement of time = 9.1 × 10–31.
same de Broglie wavelength then : (d) Increasing the wavelength of light used in the
(a) E1 > E3 > E2 (b) E2 > E3 > E1 experiment will decrease uncertainty in position and
(c) E1 < E3 < E2 (d) E1 = E2 = E3 increase the uncertainty in momentum.
Ans. (a) Ans. (a, b, c)
h h
Sol. = Sol. a) x.p 
2mKE 4
h h h x = p  given
p = = e = =  =
2mpE3 2meE1 2mE2 h
p2 
4
h h h
= =
h
2meE1 2mE2 2mpE3  mv 2  … (i)
4
1 1 1
= = h
meE1 mE2 mpE3 v 2 
4 m2
me  mp  m
6.6  10 -34
For their product to be equal v 2  2

E1 > E3 > E2

4  3.14  9.1  10 -31 
69. (I) The energy of separation of an electron is 30.6 eV moving 6.6  10-34 1
in an orbit of Li+2. Find out the number of waves made by v = 
4  3.14 9.1  10-31
the electron in one complete revolution in the orbit.
Ans. (0002)
0.696 10-17
Sol. Energy of separation = Ionisation energy = 
9.1 10-31
z2
30.6 = 13.6 = 0.076  1014
n2
For Li+2 = 3 = 7.6  1012
2 h
30.6  3 b)  mv  =
2
from equation (i)
= 4
13.6 n2
divide by 2m
2 9  13.6
n = 1 h
30.6 mv2 =
2 8 m
n2 = 4
c) According to heisenberg uncertainty principle
n=2
 38 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

h 1 h
x.p  (c) (d) None of these
4 2m 
Ans. (c)
h
x.mv 
4 h
Sol. x.P 
4
x h
x.m  x = P
t 4 
h
x2 h  2 h   P  2 
m   x =  4
t 4   4 
h
-31 mP 2 
t = m = 9.1  10 4
given x = p
h h 1
v  2
=
h 4 m  2m
x 2 = … (i)
4
73. (C) If the uncertainty in velocity and position is same, then
71. (A) Assertion : Accurate measurement of both positions the uncertainty in momentum will be :
and momentum can be done simultaneously for a
macroparticle. hm h
(a) (b) m
Reason : Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle is more 4 4
significant to microparticles only.
Ans. (a) h 1 h
(c) (d)
Sol. Assertion is false but reason is true as according to 4m m 4
heisenberg uncertainty principle we can measure Ans. (a)
position and momentum of a particle simultaneously
h
and accurately. Sol. x.p 
4
Comprehension x = v … (i)
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how precisely
we can measure the properties of an electron or other
h
x.m v  from equation … (i)
microscopic particle. He determined that there is a 4
fundamental limit to how closely we can measure both
h
position and momentum. The more accurately we m v 2 
measure the momentum of a particle, the less accurately 4
we can determine its position. The converse is also true. multiply and divide this by m
This is summed up in what we now call the Heisenberg
uncertainty principle.  m v  2 h

h m 4
The equation is x.(mv) 
4
hm hm
The uncertainty in the position or in the momentum of a p2   p =
macroscopic object like a baseball is too small to observe. 4 4
However, the mass of microscopic object such as an 74. (C) What would be the minimum uncertainty in de­Broglie
electron is small enough for the uncertainty to be relatively wavelength of a moving electron accelerated by potential
large and significant. difference of 6 volt and whose uncertainty in position is
7
72. (C) If the uncertainties in position and momentum are equal, nm?
22
the uncertainty in the velocity is :
(a) 6.25 Å (b) 6 Å
h h (c) 0.625 Å (d) 0.3125 Å
(a) (b) Ans. (c)
 2
Sol. According to de­broglie
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 39
Sol. For g orbital l = 4
h
=  n = 5 because l can go upto (n ­ 1) it will have (2l + 1)
mv
=  2  4 +1  = 9 orbitals
h Each orbital can have 2 electrons
x.m v 
4  g can have 18 electrons
h 77. (X) Matching Column Types
dv  … (i)
4 mx Quantum number Orbitals
(A) n = 2, l = 1, m = –1 (P) 2px, or 2py
-h -h (B) n = 4, l = 2, m = 0 (Q) 4 dz2
d = 2
dv = dv
mv 2 2 (C) n = 3, l = 1, m =  1 (R) 3px or 3py
mv
2 (D) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0 (S) 4s
-h -h (E) n = 3, l = 2, m =  2 (T) 3d x 2 y2 , 3d xy
d = dv = dv … (ii)
2K.E 2  v.q Ans. (A  P; B  Q; C  R; D  S; E  T)
Sol. A) n = 2 l = 1 m = 1 it can be 2px or 2py as (P)
Putting (i) and (ii)
m = 0 for 2pz
-h h B) n = 4 l = 2 m = 0 4dz2 (Q)
d = 
2  v.q 4 mx C) n = 3 l = 1 m =  1 3px or 3p­y (R)
D) n = 4 l = 0 m = 0 4s as l = 0 for s (S)
-h2
d = E) n = 3, l = 2, m =  2 3d or 3dxy (T)
8mx.vq x2 -y2

2 78. (X) Matching Column Types

=
 6.625  10-34  Column-I Column-II
7 (A) Orbit angular (P) n(n  2)
8  9.15  10-31  3.14   10-9  6  1.6  10-19
22 momentum
(B) Orbital angular (Q) nh / 2
d = 0.628  10-10 momentum
0
(C) Spin angular (R) s(s  1) h
= 0.62 A
momentum
Quantum Numbers (D) Magnetic moment (S) l (l  l) h

75. (M) The number of orbitals in nth Bohrs orbit of an atom (T) n (n  l) h
equal to Ans. (A  Q; B  S; C  R; D  P)
(a) n2 (b) 2n2
(c) (2l + 1) (d) possible values of ‘m’ nh
Sol. A) mvr = (Q)
Ans. (a, d) 2
Sol. number of orbitals = n2 = all possible value of m
h
For ex. If n = 3 B) orbital angular momentum = l  l+1 =
2
= l  l+ 1 h (S)

h
C) spin angular momentum = S  S +1
2
76. (M) ‘g’ orbital is possible if
= S  S +1 h (R)
(a) n = 5, l = 4 (b) it will have 18 electrons
(c) it will have 9 types of orbitals
(d) it will have 22 electrons. D) Magnetic moment B = n  n+ 2  (P)
Ans. (a, b, c)
 40 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
79. (M) Which of the following statement about quantum number Ans. (b, d)
is correct ? Sol. Ground state configuration configuration in
(a) If the value of l = 0, the electron distribution is 1st Excited state i.e. n = 1
spherical. Cr [Ar] 4s1 3d5 [Ar] 4s0 3d5
+2 0 6
(b) The shape of orbital is given by subsidiary quantum Fe [Ar]4s 3d [Ar] 4s13d5
+3 0 6
number. Co [Ar]4s 3d [Ar] 4s13d5
(c) The Zeeman’s effect is explained by magnetic  (b,d)
quantum number.
(d) The spin quantum number gives the orientations of Comprehension
electron cloud. The sequence of filling electrons in sub­shells of
Ans. (a, b, c) elements with few exceptions in d­block and f­block
Sol. If l = 0, then it is S subshell and it is spherical. elements is governed by Aufbau principle followed by
Shape of orbital is given by subsidiary or Azimuthal Hund’s rule and Pauli’s exclusion principle.
quantum No. (a) The electron prefers to enter into sub­shells with lower
Zeman’s effect is explained by magnetic quantum No. (n + l) value.
The energy for any sub­shell of an element other than
80. (S) If the value of (n + l) is more than 3 and less than 6, then hydrogen is proportional to the sum of principal quantum
what will be the possible number of orbitals ? number (n) and angular momentum quantum number
(a) 6 (b) 9 (b) If (n + l) value is same for many sub­shells, priority of
(c) 10 (d) 13 electron filling is given to the sub­shell with lowest n
Ans. (d) value.
Sol. 3<n+l<6 (c) (i) Fulfilled sub shell is most stable.
Then n + l = 4 or n + l = 5 (ii) Half filled sub­shell is more stable less than half filled.
Possible cases are
n = 4 l = 0 3s  1 orbital 83. (C) Which pair of sub­shell has same energy for above
n = 3 l = 1 3p  3 orbital described exceptional element under rule (a) ?
(a) 1s, 2s (b) 2s, 2p
n = 2 l = 2 (c) 3d, 4p (d) 5p, 4d
not possible as l can be  n -1  max
n = 1 l = 3  Ans. (b)
Sol. For 3d n = l = 3 + 2 = 5
Now For n + l = 5 4p n + l = 4 + 1 = 5
n = 5 l = 0 5s  1 orbital  3d and 3p will have same energy as they have same
n = 4 l = 1 4p  3 orbital value of n + l.
n = 3 l = 2 3d  5 orbital 84. (C) If Hunds rule is not obeyed by some elements given
below then which atom has maximum magnetic moment.
n = 2 l = 3 (a) Fe (b) Cu
Not possible
n = 1 l = 4  (c) Cr (d) Mn
Ans. (c)
 Total orbitals = 1 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 5
Sol. If Hunds Rule is not obeyed then the configuration of
= 13
following elements will become
Electronic Configuration

81. (M) The number of electrons in Na(11) having l = 0 are

equal to
(a) there are two electrons in 1s orbital.
(b) there are two electrons in 2s orbital.
(c) there are two electrons in 2p orbital.
(d) there are one electrons in 3s orbital.
Ans. (a, b, d)
Sol. Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
l = 0 For S subshell
 a, b, d

82. (M) Which of the following configuration is/are correct in

the first excited state ?
(a) Cr [Ar] 3d5 4s1 (b) Fe2+ [Ar] 3d5 4s1
(c) Mn2+ [Ar] 4s0 3d5 (d) Co3+ [Ar] 3d5 4s1
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 41
Ans. (a, c, d)
 = n  n+ 2  for max  , n should be max.
h
85. (C) Which pair of element follow rule (c) (ii) ? Sol. a) orbital angular momentum = l  l +1
(a) Cr, Mo (b) Mn, Fe 2
(c) Cu, Ag (d) N, P l = 2 for d subshell
Ans. (a) h
Sol. Cr = [A r]4s1 3d5 instead of [Ar] 4s2 3d4  = 2  2 +1 
Because Haff filled are more stable 2
Mo is below chromium as it is in the same group h
 it will also follow the same rule = 6
2
 Mn, Fe
b) number of orbitals = n2
86. (S) In any subshell, the maximum number of electrons having not 2n2
same value of spin quantum number is
(a)     1 (b)  + 2
(c) 2 + 1 (d) 4 + 2
Ans. (c) c)
Sol. It will be equal to number of orbital which is given by
2 + 1

87. (X) Matching Column Types

-13.6 
 1 2
Column - I Column - II
(A) Configuration of Cr (P) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10
E1,H  1 2 4
 = = 1: 4
is d) E
2,Be+3 -13.6 
 4 2 16
(B) Configuration of Cu (Q) 5
is  2 2
(C) Number of unpaired (R) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
electrons in Fe3+ 3d5 4s1 89. (S) Which of the following pairs of ions have the same
(D) Electronic configur­ (S) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 electronic configuration ?
­ation of Zn2+ 3d10 4s1 (a) Cr3+, Fe3+ (b) Fe3+, Mn2+
(T) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 3+
(c) Fe , Co 3+
(d) Se3+, Cr3+
4s2 Ans. (b)
(U) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 Sol. Cr+3 = [Ar]3d3
4s2 Fe+3 = [Ar]3d5
Ans. (A  R; B  S; C  Q; D  R) Mn+2 = [Ar]3d5
Sol. Cr = [Ar] 4s1 3d5 (R) CO+3 = [Ar]3d6
Cu = [Ar] 4s1 3d10 (S) Se+3 = [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Fe+3 = [Ar]3d5 number of unpaired electrons = 5 (Q)
Zn+2 = [Ar] 3d10 (P) 90. (A) Assertion : Half­filled and fully­filled degenerate orbitals
are more stable.
88. (M) Which of the following is/are correct ? Reason : Extra stability is due to the symmetrical
(a) The orbital angular momentum for a d­electron is distribution of electrons and exchange energy.
h (a) A (b) B
6 .
2 (c) C (d) D
(b) The number of orbitals in a shell with principal Ans. (a)
quantum number n is 2n2. Sol. Both are correct and reason is the correct explanation
(c) The correct set of quantum numbers for the last of assertion. (Theory)

 1 Magnetic Moment
unpaired electron of Cl atoms is 3,1,1,   .
 2
(d) The ratio of energy in the first Bohr orbit of H­atom 91. (M) The magnetic moment of Xn+ is 24 BM. Hence, the
to the electron in the first excited state of Be3+ is
species can be
1 : 4.
 42 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
2+ 2+ +2 10
(a) Fe (b) Cr Sol. Zn = [Ar]3d
(c) Mn3+ (d) Co3+
all e are paired
Ans. (a, b, c, d)
Sol. Xn+ B = 0
B = n  n+ 2  = 24BM 94. (M) The spin only magnetic moment of V (Z = 23), Cr (Z = 24)
and Mn (Z = 25) are x, y and z respectively. Which of the
Where n = magnetic moment following is are correct relationships ?
Square both the sides (a) x > y (b) x > z
n2 + 2n = 24 (c) y > z (d) x < z
n2 + 2n ­ 24 = 0 Ans. (c, d)
n2 + 6n ­ 4n ­ 24 = 0
(n + 6) (n ­ 4) = 0 h
Sol. again spin magnetic moment = s  s +1 where s
n=4 2
i.e. there should be 4 unpaired electrons. = unpaired spein
so more the value of s more will be spin magnetic
moment
3
For v = [Ar] 4S2 3d3 S= x
2
6
Cr = [Ar] 4S1 3d5 S= y
2
5
Mn = [Ar] 4S2 3d5 S= z
2
92. (S) How many of the following ions have the same magnetic  y  z and z  x
moments ?
Fe2+ Mn2+ Cr2+ Ni2+ Probability Distribution Curves & Nodes
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4 95. (M) For radial probability distribution curves, which of the
Ans. (b) following is/are correct ?
(a) The number of maxima in 2s orbital are two
Sol. Magnetic moment = B = n  n+ 2 
(b) The number of spherical or radial nodes is equal to
If B is some then n has to be same. So, we will just n–l–1
(c) The number of angular nodes are ‘l’
check whether they have same number of unpaired
electrons or not (d) 3d 2z has two angular nodes.
Ans. (a, b, c, d)
Fe+2  Ar  3d6  4 unparied e

Mn+2  Ar  3d5  5 unparied e

Cr +2  Ar  3d4  4 unparied e

Ni+2  Ar  3d8  2 unparied e

Sol.
2

93. (A) Assertion : The spin only magnetic moment of Zn2+ is

zero.
Reason : Zn2+ had 3d10 4s0 configuration. If has no Radial nodes = n – l – 1
unpaired electron. angular nodes = l
(a) A (b) B For 3dz2 l = 2
(c) C (d) D  2 angular nodes
Ans. (a)
96. (M) Pick out the orbitals with the maximum number of nodal
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 43
planes ?
(a) 3dxy (b) 4d z 2
(c) 4dxy (d) 2px
Ans. (a, c)
Sol. Nodal Planes = Azimuthal quantum number Sol.
For d l = 2 , so every d orbital will have
2 nodal planes except dz2 as it has conical nodal

97. (X) Matching Column Types radial nodes = n ­ l ­ 1

Column I Column II For is = 1 ­ 0 – 1 = 0 (graph will not touch x axis)
2s = 2 ­ 0 ­ 1 = 1 (graph will touch x axis once in
between r = 0 and r =  )
(A) Radial probability distribution (P) 2p = 2 ­ 1 – 1 = 0 (graph will no touch x axis)
graphs for 1s orbital
99. (S) In the following two figures, ( 2 ) is plotted against (r)
the distance from nucleus :
(B) Radial probability distribution (Q)
graph for 2s orbital

(C) Radial probability distribution (R)

graph for 2p orbital

(a) Both (A) and (B) are for 1s

(D)Electron cloud picture of 2s (S) (b) Both (A) and (B) are for 2s
orbital (c) (A) is for 1s and (B) is for 2s
(d) (A) is for 2s and (B) is for 1s
Ans. (c)
Ans. (A  P; B  Q; C  R; D  S)
Sol. (Theory)

98. (S) In following two plots,  2 is plotted against the distance

‘r’ from nucleus. Sol.

again is will have no radial node so its graph will not

touch x axis while 2s will have 1 radial nodes so it graph
will touch x­axis once in between r = o and
r= 

100. (S) Let us consider following graph for radial distribution

Select the correct statement : function. Which of the following has correct matching
(a) ‘A’ is for 1s and ‘B’ for 2s of curve and orbital ?
(b) ‘A’ is for 2s and ‘B’ for 1s
(c) ‘A’ is for 2s and ‘B’ for 2p
(d) ‘A’ is for 2p and ‘B’ for 2s
Ans. (a)
 44 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
(a) A (3p) B (3d) C (3s) (b) A (3s) B (3p) C (3d) 102. (M) Select the correct statement(s) :
(c) A (3d) B (3p) C (3s) (d) A (3s) B (3d) C (3p) (a) Radial distribution function indicates that there is a
Ans. (a) higher probability of finding the 3s electron close to
Sol. we will calculate number of nodes the nucleus than in case of 3p and 3d electrons
For 3s = 3 ­ 0 ­ 1 = 2 (graph should cut x axis twice) (b) Energy of 3s orbital is less than for the 3p and 3d
3p = 3 ­ 1 ­ 1 = 1 (graph should touch x axis once) orbitals
3d = 3 ­ 2 ­ 1 (graph will not touch x axis) (c) At the node, the value of the radial function changes
 A(3p) B(3d) C(3s) from positive to negative
101. (S) The Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom is (d) The radial function depends upon the quantum
3/ 2
numbers n and l
1 Z Ans. (a, b, c, d)
 (radial)   
16 4  a0  Sol. All are correct (Theory) (A, B, C, D)

[(  1) ( 2  8  12)]e  / 2 103. (M) The probability of finding the electron in px – orbitals
where a0 and Z are the constant in which answer can be is :
(a) maximum on two opposite side of the nucleus along
2Zr
expressed and   minimum and maximum position x­axis
a0 (b) zero at the nucleus
of radial nodes from nucleus are ............ respectively. (c) same on all the sides around the nucleus
(d) zero on the z­axis
a 0 3a 0 a0 a0
(a) , (b) , Ans. (a, b, d)
Z Z 2Z Z
a 0 3a 0 a 0 4a 0
(c) , (d) ,
2Z Z 2Z Z
Ans. (c)
3
1  z 2 2 -
Sol. =  0    -1   - 8 +12 e
16 4  a  2
Sol.
at nodes  = 0

so  -1 = 0 or  2 - 8 +12 = 0 -
e 2 =0
this can be  = 1 2 - 6 - 2 +12 = 0 at  = 
px has lobes along x axis
2zr 2zr  max probability of finding the electron will be along x axis
=1    - 6  -2   - 6  = 0 = at nucleus it will be = 0
a0 a0
and at y and z axis it will be = 0
a0
r=   - 2  - 6  = 0 r = 
2z 104. (A) Assertion : The 3d x 2  y2 orbital has zero probability of
finding an electron along x and y axes.
2zr 2zr
=2 =6 Not considered as anode Reason : The orbitals d x 2  y2 lies in x­y plane.
a0 a0
(a) A (b) (B)
a 3a (c) C (d) D
r= 0 r= 0
z z Ans. (d)

Sol.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 45

It will have maximum probability of finding e at x and y axis

as the lobes are along x and y axis
 assertion is wrong and reason is true.
 46 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR IIT QUESTIONS

1. P is the probability of finding the 1s electron of hydrogen
atom in a spherical shell of infinitesimal thickness, dr, at a h2 h2
distance r from the nucleus. The volume of this shell is (a) (b)
42 ma 20 162 ma 02
4r2dr. The qualitative sketch of the dependence of P on r
is (2016)
h2 h2
(c) (d)
32  2 ma 02 64 2 ma 02

Ans. (c)
Sol. According to Bohr’s model,
(a) (b)

nh n2 h2
mvr =  (mv)2 = 2 2
2 4 r

1 n2 h2
 KE = mv 2 = 2 2
2 8 r m
(c) (d) Also, Bohr’s radius for H­atom is, r = n2a0
Substituting ‘r’ in Eq. (i) gives

Ans. (a) h2 h2
KE = when n = 2, KE =
Sol. Radial distribution function (as asked in question) is given 82 n2 a02 m 322a02 m
by
PARAGRAPH FOR QUESTIONS 3 TO 5
2
P(r ) = 4 r 2 
The hydrogen­like species Li2+ is in a spherically symmetric
Where, r is distance of shell from nucleus. In case of
state S1 with one radial node. Upon absorbing light the ion
1s orbital,
Radial node ; n ­ 1 ­ 1 = 0 undergoes transition to a state S2. The state S2 has one
Thus, plot of P(r) vs r looks like radial node and its energy is equal to the ground state
energy of the hydrogen atom
3. The state S1 is (2010)
(a) 1s (b) 2s
(c) 2p (d) 3s
Ans. (b)
Sol.S1 is spherically symmetrical state, i.e. it correspond to a
No Radial node s­orbital. Also, it has one radial node.
Max. probability at certain r (Bohr’s Radius) Number of radial nodes = n - l - l
Starts from O as r = 0 at nucleus.
 n - 0 -1 = 1

2. The kinetic energy of an electron in the second Bohr orbit  n = 2 i.e. S1 = 2 s - orbital.
of a hydrogen atom is [a0 is Bohr radius] (2013)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 47

4. Energy of the state S1 in units of the hydrogen atom ground finding an electron is minimum. Every p­orbital has one
state energy is (2010) nodal plane :
(a) 0.75 (b) 1.50
(c) 2.25 (d) 4.50
Ans (c)
Sol. Ground state energy of electron in H­atom (EH)

kZ 2
EH = = k (Z = 1, n = 1)
n2
For S1 state of Li2+, 8. Which hydrogen like species will have same radius as that
of Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom ? (2004)
k(3)2 9
E= = k = 2.25 k (a) n = 2, Li2+ (b) n = 2, Be3+
2 4
2
(c) n = 2, He+ (d) n = 3, Li2+
5. The orbital angular momentum quantum number of the
Ans. (b)
state S2 is (2010)
(a) 0 (b) 1 a0 n2
Sol. Expression for Bohr's orbit is, rn = = a0
(c) 2 (d) 3 Z
Ans. (b) When n = 2, Z = 4.
2+
Sol. In S2 state, E(Li ) = K (given) n = 2, Be3+

qk
K= 9. Rurtherford’s experiment, which established the nuclear
n2
model of the atom, used a beam of (2002)
 n=3 (a) ­particles, which impinged on a metal foil and got
Since, S2 has one radial node. absorbed
3­l­1=1 (b) ­rays, which impinged on a metal foil and ejected
l=1 electrons
(c) Helium atoms, which impinged on a metal foil and got
6. The number of radial nodes in 3s and 2p respectively are scattered
(2005) (d) Helium nuclei, which impinged on a metal foil and got
(a) 2 and 0 (b) 0 and 2 scattered
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 1 Ans. (d)
Ans. (a) Sol. Rutherford used  -particle (He2+ nuclei) in his experiment.
Sol. The number of radial nodes is given by expression (n ­ l ­
1)
10. If the nitrogen atom had electronic configuration 1s7, it
For 3s, number of nodes = 3 ­ 0 ­ 1 = 2
would have energy lower than that of the normal ground
For 2p, number of nodes = 2 ­ 1 ­ 1 = 0 state configuration 1s2 2s2 2p3, because the electrons
would be closer to the nucleus, yet 1s7 is not observed
7. The number of nodal planes in a px orbital is (2005) because it violates (2002)
(a) One (b) Two (a) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
(c) Three (d) Zero (b) Hund’s rule
Ans. (a) (c) Pauli exclusion principle
Sol. Nodal plane is an imaginary plane on which probability of (d) Bohr postulate of stationary orbits
 48 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Ans. (c) Ans. (b)
Sol. 1s7 violate Pauli exclusion principle, according to which Sol. 1s2 2s 2 2p 6 3s2 3p 6 3d 5 4s1 is ground state electronic
an orbital cannot have more than two electrons. configuration of Cr.

15. Which of the following relates to photons both as wave

1 1
11. The quantum numbers  and  for the electron spin motion and as a stream of particles ? (1992)
2 2
(a) Inference (b) E = mc2
represent (2001)
(a) rotation of the electron in clockwise and anticlockwise (c) Diffraction (d) E = h
direction respectively Ans. (d)
(b) rotation of the electron in anticlockwise and clockwise Sol. Diffraction is property of wave, E = mc2 determine energy
direction respectively of particle and E = hv determine energy of photon.
(c) magnetic moment of the electron pointing up and down Interference phenomena is exhibited by both matter and
respectively waves.
(d) two quantum mechanical spin states which have no
classical analogue
16. The electrons, identified by numbers n and l,
Ans. (d)
(i) n = 4, l = 1, (ii) n = 4, l = 0, (iii) n = 3, l = 2, and (iv) n = 3,
1 1 l = 1 can be placed in order of increasing energy, from the
Sol. + and - just represents two quantum mechanical
2 2 lowest to highest, as (1999)

sp in sta te s w h ic h h a v e n o c la ssic a l analogue. (a) (iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i) (b) (ii) < (iv) < (i) < (iii)
(c) (i) < (iii) < (ii) < (iv) (d) (iii) < (i) < (iv) < (ii)
12. The wavelength associated with a golf ball weighing 200g Ans. (a)
and moving at a speed of 5 m/h is of the order (2001)
Sol. (i) n = 4, l = 1  4 p - orbital
(a) 10–10 m (b) 10–20 m
(ii) n = 4, l = 0  4 s - orbital
(c) 10–30 m (d) 10–40 m
Ans. (c) (iii) n =3, l = 2  3d - orbital
Sol. Using the de­Broglie’s relationship : (iv) n = 3, l = 1  3d -orbital
According to Aufbau principle, energies of above
h 6.625  10-34 mentioned orbitals are in the order of
= = = 2.3  10-30 m
mv 5
0.2  (iv) 3p  (ii) 4 s  (iii) 3d  (i) 4 p
60  60

17. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H­atom

13. The number of nodal planes in a px orbital is (2001) is –13.6 eV. The possible energy value(s) of the excited
state(s) for electrons in Bohr orbits of hydrogen is (are)
(a) one (b) two
(1998)
(c) three (d) zero
Ans. (a) (a) –3.4 eV (b) – 4.2 eV
(c) – 6.8 eV (d) + 6.8 eV
14. The electronic configuration of an element is 1s2, 2s22p6, Ans. (a)
2 6 5 1
3s 3p 3d , 4s . This represents its (2000) Sol. The energy of an electron in a Bohr atom is expressed as
(a) excited state (b) ground state
(c) cationic form (d) anionic form
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 49

kZ Fe2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 four unpaired electrons
En = - where, k = Constant,
n2
21. The orbital angular momentum of an electron in 2s orbital
Z = Atomic number
is
n = Orbit number
= ­ 13.6 eV for H (n = 1) 1 h
(a)  . (b) zero
2 2
-13.6
when n = 2, E2 = eV = -3.40 eV
22 (c)
h
(d) 2.
h
2 2
(n can have only integral value 1, 2, 3,...... )
Ans. (b)

Sol. Expression for orbital angular momentum (L) is

18. For a d­electron, the orbital angular momentum is (1997)
h
 h   h  L = l(l +1) = 0 for 2s-electrons
(a) 6  (b) 2  2
 2   2 

 For s-orbital, l = 0.
 h   h 
(c)   (d) 2  
 2   2 
Ans. (a) 22. Which of the following does not characterise X­rays ?
(1992)
h (a) The radiation can ionise gases
Sol. The orbital angular momentum (L) = l(l +1)
2
(b) It causes ZnS to fluoresce

h (c) Deflected by electric and magnetic fields

= 6 (l = 2 for d - orbital)
2 (d) Have wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays
Ans. (c)
Sol. X­rays is electrically neutral, not deflected in electric or
19. The first use of quantum theory to explain the structure of
magnetic fields.
atom was made by (1997)
(a) Heisenberg (b) Bohr
23. The correct set of quantum numbers for the unpaired
(c) Planck (d) Einstein electron of chlorine atom is (1989)
Ans. (b) n l m n l m
(a) 2 1 0 (b) 2 1 1
Sol. Bohr first made use of quantum theory to explain the
structure of atom and proposed that energy of electron in (c) 3 1 1 (d) 3 0 0
an atom is quantised. Ans. (c)
Sol. Cl (17) = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

20. Which of the following has the maximum number of

unpaired electrons ? (1996) The last, unpaired electron has, n = 3, l = 1(p) and m can have any
(a) Mg 2+
(b) Ti3+ of the three value
(­1, 0, + 1).
(c) V3+ (d) Fe2+
Ans. (d) 24. The correct ground state electronic configuration of
chromium atom is (1989)
Sol. Mg2+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 no unpaired electron
(a) [Ar] 3d5 4s1 (b) [Ar] 3d4 4s2
Ti3+ = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d1 one unpaired electron
(c) [Ar] 3d6 4s0 (d) [Ar] 4d5 4s1
3+ 2 2 6 2 6 2
V = 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d two unpaired electrons Ans. (a)
 50 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

s2 2s2
Cr (24) = 1 p6 3s2 3
2 p6 3d 5 4 s1 (c) 3 2 –3
1
Sol. 2
Ar
The above configuration is exception to Aufbau’s 1
principle. (d) 5 3 0 
2

25. The orbital diagram in which the aufbau principle is violated Ans. (c)
(1988) Sol. n l m s
(a) (b)
1
3 2 ­3
(c) (d) 2
Ans. (b) This is the wrong set of quantum number because |m| cannot
be greater than l.
Sol. Option (b) is wrong representation according to aufbau
principle. A high energy atomic orbital (2p) cannot be filled
unless the low energy orbital (2s) is completely occupied. 29. Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment eventually
led to the conclusion that (1986)
26. The wavelength of a spectral line for an electronic transition (a) mass and energy are related
is inversely related to (1988)
(b) electrons occupy space arount the nucleus
(a) the number of electrons undergoing the transition
(c) neutrons are burried deep in the nucleus
(b) the nuclear charge of the atom
(c) the difference in the energy of the energy levels involved (d) the point of impact with matter can be precisely
in the transition determined
(d) the velocity of the electron undergoing the transition Ans. (b)
Ans. (c)
Sol. According to Rutherford’s model, there is a heavily
 1 1  hc positively charged nucleus and negatively charged
Sol. Transition energy (E) = kZ2  2  2  = electrons occupies space around it in order to maintain
n 
 1 n2  
electro­neutrality.
1
i.e. E 
 30. Electromagnetic radiation with maximum wavelength is
(1985)
27. The ratio of the energy of a photon of 200 Å wavelength
radiation to that of 4000 Å radiation is (1986) (a) ultraviolet (b) radio wave
(c) X­ray (d) infrared
1
(a) (b) 4 Ans. (b)
4
1 Sol. The wavelength order is
(c) (d) 20
2 X -ray  ultraviolet < infrared < radio wave
Ans. (d)
hc E 
Sol. E=  1 = 2 =2 31. The radius of an atomic nucleus is of the order of (1985)
 E2  1
(a) 10–10 cm (b) 10–13 cm

28. Which one of the following sets of quantum numbers (c) 10–15 cm (d) 10–8 cm
represents an impossible arrangement ? (1986) Ans. (b)
n l m s
Sol. Radius of a nucleus is in the order of 10-13 cm, a fact.
1
(a) 3 2 –2
2
32. Bohr’s model can explain (1985)
1
(b) 4 0 0 (a) the spectrum of hydrogen atom only
2
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 51

(b) spectrum of an atom or ion containing one electron

Next, -particle (He2+ ) has very high mass compared to
only
(c) the spectrum of hydrogen molecule e
proton and electron, therefore very small ratio.
(d) the solar spectrum m

Ans. (b) Proton and electron have same charge (magnitude) but former is

Sol. Bohr’s model is applicable to one­electron system only. e

heavier, hence has smaller value of .
m
33. Which electronic level would allow the hydrogen atom to
e
absorb a photon but not be emit a photon ? (1984) :npe
m

(a) 3s (b) 2p

(c) 2s (d) 1s 36. Retherford’s scattering experiment is related to the size of

the (1983)
Ans. (d)
(a) nucleus (b) atom
Sol. When electron jumps to lower orbit photons are emitted
(c) electron (d) neutron
while photons are absorbed when electron jumps to higher
orbit. 1s­orbital is the lower most, electron in this orbital Ans. (a)

can absorb photons but cannot emit. Sol. The negligibly small of nucleus compared to the size of
atom was first established in Rutherford’s experiment.

34. Correct set of four quantum numbers for the valence

(outermost) electron of rubidium (Z = 37) is (1984) 37. The principal quantum number of an atom is related to the
(1983)
1 1
(a) 5, 0, 0,  (b) 5, 1, 0,  (a) size of the orbital
2 2
(b) spin angular momentum
1 1 (c) orientation of the orbital in space
(c) 5, 1, 1,  (d) 6, 0, 0, 
2 2
(d) orbital angular momentum
Ans. (a)
Ans. (a)
Sol. The valence shell configuration of Rubidium (Rb) is Sol. The principal quantum number ‘n’ represents orbit number
hence, determine the size of orbitals.
1 1 1
[Kr] 5s n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = + or -
2 2
38. Any p­orbital can accommodate up to (1983)
35. The increasing order (lowest first) for the values of e/m
(charge/mass) for electron (e), proton (p), neutron (n) and (a) four electrons (b) six electrons
alpha particle () is (1984) (c) two electrons with parallel spins
(a) e, p, n,  (b) n, p, e,  (d) two electrons with opposite spins
(c) n, p, , e (d) n, , p, e Ans. (d)

Ans. (d) Sol. According to Pauli exclusion principle, an atomic orbital

can accommodate at the most, two electrons, with opposite
e spins.
Sol. Neutron has no charge, hence is zero for neutron.
m
 52 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
39. Rutherford’s experiment on scattering of ­particles showed (1988)
for the first time that the atom has (1981) (a) – 3.4 eV (b) – 4.2 eV
(a) electrons (b) protons (c) – 6.8 eV (d) + 6.8 eV
(c) nucleus (d) neutrons Ans. (a)
Ans. (c) Sol. Energy of electron in H­atom is determined by the
expression :
Sol. The most important findings of Rutherford’s experiment
is discovery of nucleus. 13.6
En = - eV where, n = 1, 2, 3, ...
n2
(One or more than one correct option)
13.6
In excited states, E2 = - = -3.4 eV
4
40. Ground state electronic configuration of nitrogen atom can
be represented by (1999) 13.6
E3 = - = -1.51 eV etc.
9
(a)

(b) 43. The atomic nucleus contains

(a) protons (b) neutrons
(c) (c) electrons (d) photons
Ans. (a, b)
(d) Sol. Nucleus is composed of neutrons and protons.

Ans. (a, d)
Sol. Both (a) and (d) are correct. The three electrons in the 2 p­ 44. The sum of the number of neutrons and proton in the isotope
orbitals must have same spin, no matter up spin or down of hydrogen is (1986)
spin. (a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 3
41. Which of the following statement (s) is (are) correct ? Ans. (d)
(1998) Sol. The isotopes of hydrogen are 1H2 and 1H3.
5 1
(a) The electronic configuration of Cr is [Ar] 3d 4s .
(Atomic number of Cr = 24).
45. When alpha particles are sent through a thin metal foil,
(b) The magnetic quantum number may have a negative most of them go straight through the foil because(1984)
value.
(a) alpha particles are much heavier than electrons
(c) In silver atom, 23 electrons have a spin of one type and
24 of the opposite type. (Atomic number of Ag = 47). (b) alpha particles are positively charged

(d) The oxidation state of nitrogen in HN3 is –3. (c) most part of the atom is empty space

Ans. (a, b, c) (d) alpha particles move with high velocity

Sol. (a) Cr = [Ar]3d5 4s1, an exception to aufbau principle.
(b) For a given value of l, m can have any value from
(­l to +l), so can have negative value.
10 1
(c) Ag is in copper group with d s configuration,
i.e. 46 electrons are spin paired.
Ans. (a, c)
Sol. Alpha particles passes mostly undeflected when sent
through thin metal foil mainly, because
(i) it is much heavier than electrons.
(ii) most part of atom is empty space.

42. The energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of H­atom

46. Many elements have non­integral masses because
is –13.6 eV. The possible energy value (s) of the excited
state (s) for electrons in Bohr orbits of hydrogen is (are) (1984)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 53

(a) they have isotopes 51. Wave functions of electrons in atoms and molecules are
(b) their isotopes have non­integral masses called ................ . (1993)
(c) their isotopes have different masses Ans. orbital
(d) the constiuents, neutrons, protons and electrons,
combine to give fractional masses
52. The light radiations with discrete quantities of energy are
Ans. (a, c) called ................... . (1993)
Sol. Many elements have several isotopes. For such elements,
Ans. photons
atomic mass is average of the atomic masses of different
Sol. Photons have quantized energy.
isotopes, which is usually non­integral.

53. The uncertainty principle and the concept of wave nature

76
47. An isotone of 32 Ge is (1984) of matter were proposed by .............. and .............
76 77 respectively. (1988)
(a) 32 Ge
(b) 33 As
Ans. Heisenberg, de­Broglie
77 78
(c) 34 Se
(d) 34 Se Sol. Heisenberg proposed uncertainty principle and de­Broglie
Ans. (b, d) proposed wave nature of electron.

Sol. Isotones have same number of neutrons.

54. Elements of the same mass number but of different atomic
76 77 78
32 Ge , 33 As and 34 Se have same number numbers are known as ................ . (1983)

(44) of neutrons, hence they are isotones. Ans. isobars

Sol. Isobars have same mass number but different atomic
numbers.
48. When alpha particles are sent through a thin metal foil,
most of them go straight through the foil because (1982)
(a) Alpha particles are much heavier than electrons 55. When there are two electrons in the same orbital, they
(b) Alpha particles are positively charged have .............. spins. (1983)

(c) Most part of the atom is empty space Ans. opposite

(d) Alpha particle move with high velocity Sol. Two electrons in same orbital must have opposite spin.
Ans. (a, c) 56. Isotopes of an element differ in the number of ........... in
their nuclei. (1982)
Ans. neutrons
Fill in the Blanks
Sol. Isotopes have different number of neutrons.
49. The outermost electronic configuration of Cr is ............ .
(1994)
Ans. Cr = [Ar] 3d5, 4s1
True/False
57. The electron density in the XY plane in 3d x 2  y2 orbital is

50. The 2px, 2py and 2pz orbitals of atom have identical shapes zero. (1986)
but differ in their ............ . (1993) Ans. (F)
Ans. Orientation in space Sol. 3dx2 - y2 orbital lies in XY­plane.
Sol. 2px, 2py and 2pz have different orientation in space.
58. The energy of the electron in the 3d­orbital is less than
that in the 4s­orbital in the hydrogen atom. (1983)
 54 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Ans. (T) 62. (a) The Schrodinger wave equation for hydrogen atom is
Sol. Aufbau principle. (2004)

3/ 2
1  1   r0   r / a
59. Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiations of wavelengths  2s    2  e 0 0
4 2  a 0   a0 
of 10–6 cm to 10–5 cm. (1983)
Ans. (F) where a0 is Bohr’s radius. If the radial node in 2s be at
Sol. This is the wavelength of infrared radiation. r0, then find r0 in terms of a0.
(b) A base ball having mass 100 g moves with velocity 100
60. The outer electronic configuration of the ground state m/s. Find out the value of wavelength of base ball.
chromium atom is 3d4 4s2. (1982) Ans. r0 = 2a0
Ans. (F)
Sol. (a) At radial node,  2 must vanishes, i.e.
5 1
Sol. Cr = 3d 4s .
2 2 r0
 1   r0  - a0
 22 s =0=  2-  e
Subjective Questions  4 2   a0 

61. (a) Calculate velocity of electron in first Bohr orbit of r0

 2- = 0  r0 = 2a0
hydrogen atom (Givern, r = a0) a0
(b) Find de­Broglie wavelength of the electron in first Bohr
orbit. h 6.625  10-34
(b)  = = = 6.625  10-35 m
(c) Find the orbital angular momentum of 2p­orbital in terms mv 100  10-3  100
of h/2 units. (2005)
0
6
Ans. (a) 2.16 × 10 m/s (b) 3.3Å (c) 2
h = 6.625  10-25 A (negligibly small)
2

nh
Sol. (a) mvr = 63. The wavelength corresponding to maximum energy for
2 hydrogen is 91.2 nm. Find the corresponding wavelength
for He+ ion. (2003)
nh 6.625  10 -34
 v= = Ans. 22.8 nm
2mr 2  3.14  9.1  10 -31  0.529  10-10
Sol. The general Rydberg’s equation is
6 -1
= 2.18  10 ms
1  1 1 
v= = R(Z)2  2 - 2 
h 6.625  10-34  n n 
(b)  = = = 0.33  10-9 m
 1 2
mv 9.1  10-31  2.18  106
1
(c) Orbital angular momentum   Z2

h  h 
(L) = l(l +1) = 2  (He+ ) Z(H) 1
2  2   = =
+
(H) Z(He ) 4 2

[ For p-orbital, l = 1]
(H) 91.2
 (He+ ) = = nm = 22.8 nm
4 4
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 55

64. Calculate the energy required to excite 1 L of hydrogen gas potential energy, find the average potential energy.
at 1 atm and 298 K to the first excited state of atomic (1996)
hydrogen. The energy for the dissociation of H—H bond
Sol. The work done in the given neutralisation process is
is 436 kJ mol–1. (2000)

W = -  F dr
pV 11 a0
Sol. Moles of H2 = = = 0.0409
RT 0.082  298
e2
 Bond energy = 0.0409  436 = 17.84 kJ and F =
4  0 r 2
Number of H­atoms produced after dissociation

= 2  0.0409  6.023  1023 = 4.93  1022 e2  1  e2
W= = - = Total energy (E)
4  0  r  a0 4  0 r
 1
Transition energy/atom = 2.18  10-18  1-  J Now, if ‘V’ is magnitude of potential energy, then
 4
according to given information,

3 V
=  2.18  10-18 J kinetic energy (Ek ) is . Therefore,
4 2

 Total transition energy V

E = - V+ (PE is always negative)
2
3
=  2.18  10-18  4.93  1022 J
4 V
=-
2
= 80.60  103 J = 80.60 kJ
Therefore, total energy required
-e2
= dissociation energy + transition energy  V = - 2E =
= (17.84 + 80.60) kJ = 98.44 kJ 20 r

67. Calculate the wave number for the shortest wavelength

65. With what velocity should an ­particle travel towards the transition in the Balmer series of atomic hydrogen.
nucleus of a copper atom so as to arrive at a distance
(1996)
10–13 m from the nucleus of the copper atom ? (1997)
Sol. The Rydberg’s equation for H­atom is
Sol. Diffraction is property of wave, E = mc2 determine energy
of particle and E = hv determine energy of photon.
1  1 1 
Interference phenomena is exhibited by both matter and = v (wavenumber) = RH  2 - 2 
 n n 
waves.  1 2

For Balmer series, n1 = 2 and n2 = 3,4,5,...., 

66. Consider the hydrogen atom to be proton embedded in a
For shortest , n2 has to be maximum, i.e. infinity. Then
cavity of radius a 0 (Bohr’s radius) whose charge is
neutralised by the addition of an electron to the cavity in
1 1 
vacuum, infinitely slowly. Estimate the average total energy v = RH  - 
of an electron in its ground state in a hydrogen atom as the 4 
work done in the above neutralisation process. Also, if the
magnitude of the average kinetic energy is half of average RH 1.09  107
= = = 2.725  106 m-1
4 4
 56 STRUCTURE OF ATOM

68. Iodine molecule dissociates into atoms after absorbing light Sol. The Bohr de­Broglie relationship is
to 4500Å. If one quantum of radiation is absorbed by each
2r = n = circumference of Bohr's orbit.
molecule, calculate the kinetic energy of iodine atoms.
i.e. number of complete waves formed in one complete
(Bond energy of I2 = 240 kJ mol–1) (1995) revolution of electron in any Bohr orbit is equal to orbit
number, hence three.
Sol. After breaking of the bond of I2 molecule, the remaining
energy would be distributed uniformly to iodine atoms as
their kinetic energy, i.e. 71. What transition in th e hydrogen spectrum would have the
E (energy of photon) = Bond energy + 2  kinetic energy same wavelength as the Balmer transition n = 4 to n = 2 of
He+ spectrum ? (1993)
-34 8 3
6.625  10  3  10 240  10 Sol. The expression for transition wavelength is given by
 -10
= + 2  Ek
4500  10 6.023  1023 Rydberg’s equation :

 Ek = 2.16  1020 J/ atom 1  1 1 

= RHZ2  2 - 2 
 n n 
 1 2

69. A bulb emits light of  = 4500Å. The bulb is rated as Equating the transition wavelengths of H­atom and He+
ion,
150 watt and 8% of this energy is emitted as light. How
many photons are emitted by the bulb per second ?  1 1   4 4 
RH  2 - 2  = RH  2 - 2 
(1995) n n  2 4 
 1 2
Ans. 20. 2.72 × 1020 Equating termwise on left to right of the above equation
Sol. Shortest wavelength transition corresponds to most gives
n1 = 1 and n2 = 2
energetic photon.
72. Estimate the difference in energy between 1st and 2nd
As in transition of electron, Bohr’s frequency rule state,
Bohr’s orbit for a hydrogen atom. At what minimum atomic
E = h
Where, E = difference in energy of energy levels thus, number, a transition from n = 2 to n = 1 energy level would
higher the difference, more will be energy of photon. result in the emission of X­rays with l = 3.0 × 10–8 m ?
In case of any series of H­atom spectra, series limit Which hydrogen atom­like species does this atomic number
correspond to most energetic transition.
correspond to ? (1993)
Thus, In Balmer series, the transition is n2 =  to n1 =
Hence, Sol. For H­atom, the energy of a stationary orbit is determined
as
1 1
2
 = RH  Z  2 - 2 
k
 n1 n2  En = - 2
where, k =constant (2.18  10-18 )
n
1 1 
= 109,677  12  2 - 2 
2    1 3
 E (n = 2 to n = 1) = k  1-  = k
 4 4
109,677
=
4 = 1.635  10-18 J
For a H­like species, energy of stationary orbit is
  = 27,419.25 cm-1
determined as
70. Find out the number of waves made by a Bohr’s electron in
kZ 2
one complete revolution in its 3rd orbit. (1994) En = -
n2
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 57

Where, Z = atomic number

= 471  10-9 m = 471 nm
 1 1 
 E = kZ2  2 - 2 
n n
 1 2  74. The electron energy in hydrogen atom is given by

21.7  10 12
1 E k 2  1 1  3 En  erg. Calculate the energy required to
 = = Z  -  = RH Z 2  n2
 hc hc  1 4  4
remove an electron completely from the n = 2 orbit. What is
4 4 the longest wavelength (in cm) of light that can be used to
 Z2 = = = 4.05
3RH 3  1.097  107  3  10-8 cause this transition ? (1984)

Sol. The required transition is n1 = 2 to n2 =  and

 Z = 2(He+ )
corresponding transition energy is

73. According to Bohr’s theory, the electronic energy of  1 1  21.7

hydrogen atom in the nth Bohr’s orbit is given by E = 21.7  10-12  2 - 2  erg =  10-12 erg
n n 4
 1 2 
21.76  1019
En  J. Calculate the longest wavelength
n2 = 5.425  10-12 erg
of light that will be needed to remove an electron from the The longest wavelength that can cause above transition
+
third Bohr orbit of the He ion. (1990) can be determined as :

Ans. 2.055 × 10–7m

hc 6.625  10-34  3  108
Sol. For H­like species, the energy of stationary orbit is = =
E 5.425  10-12  10-7
expressed as

E(X) = Z2  E(H) = 3.66  10-7 m = 3.66  10-5 cm

 For He + (Z = 2)
75. Give reason why the ground state outermost electronic
configuration of silicon is : (1985)
4  21.7  10-19
E=-
n2
For longest wavelength transition from 3rd orbit, electron and not
must jump to 4th orbit and the transition energy can be
determined as Sol. The 2nd configuration is against Hund’s rule of maximum
multiplicity which states that the singly occupied degenerate
1 1 
E = + 4  21.7  10-19  -  J = 4.22  10-19 J atomic orbitals must have electrons of like spins.
 9 16 

hc
Also,  E = 76. What is the maximum number of electrons that may be

present in all the atomic orbitals with principal quantum
number 3 and azimuthal quantum number 2 ? (1985)
hc 6.625  10-34  3  108
 = = m Sol. Ten, the given value of n and l correspond to 3d­orbital
E 4.22  10-19
which has five fold degeneracy level.
 58 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
77. Calculate the wavelength in Angstroms of the photon that Sol. E = h
is emitted when an electron in the Bohr’s orbit, n = 2 returns
to the orbit, n = 1 in the hydrogen atom. The ionisation c
En2 - En 1 = h
potential of the ground state hydrogen atom is 2.17 × 10–11 
erg per atom. (1982)
c z2 z2
Sol. Ionisation potential of H­like species h = -E0  2 + E0  2
 n2 n1
= E1 = 2.17  10-11 erg
1 E0  z 2 1 1
 =  2 - 2
 1   hc
 E = 2.17  10-17  1- 2 -7
  10 J  n1 n2 
 2 
E0 = 2.17  10-11 erg / atom
hc
= 1.6275  10-18 J   =
E
h = 6.626  10-27 erg sec

6.625  10-34  3  108 c = 3  1010 cm / s

= m
1.6275  10-18
1 2.17  10-11  1 1
Thus, = -
= 122  10-9 m = 1220 A
0
 6.626  10  3  10  12 4 
-27 10

1 1.096  105
=
78. The energy of the electron in the second and third Bohr’s  4
orbits of the hydrogen atom is – 5.42 × 10–12 erg and –2.41 ×
10–12 erg respectively. Calculate the wavelength of the   = 3.647  10-5 cm
emitted light when the electron drops from the third to the
0
second orbit. (1981) = 3647 A

Sol. Transition energy = [-2.41-(- 5.42)]  10-12 erg

80. In an atom, the total number of electrons having quantum
= 3.01  10-12 erg numbers n = 4, |m1| = 1 and ms = –1/2 is (2015)
Sol. PLAN This problem is based on concept of quantum
= 3.01  10-19 J [ 1 erg = 10-7 J]
number. Follow the following steps to solve this problem.
hc Write all possible orbitals having combination of same
Also,  E = principal, azimuthal, magnetic and spin quantum number.

Then count the all possible electrons having given set of
-34 8
6.625  10  3  10 quantum numbers.
  -19
3.01  10 For n = 4, the total number of possible orbitals are

= 660  10-9 m = 660 nm

According to question |ml| = 1, i.e. there are two possible

79. No considering the electronic spin, the degeneracy of the values of ml, i.e. +1 and ­1
second excited state (n = 3) of H atom is 9, while the
and one orbital can contain maximum two electrons
degeneracy of the second excited state of H– is (2014)
STRUCTURE OF ATOM 59

by pauli exclusion principle, spin quantum number(s) is

1 1
one having s = + and other having s = - . also needed.
2 2
C. For shape, size and orientation, only n, l and m are
So, total number of orbitals having {|ml} = 1} = 6 needed.
Total number of electrons having
D. Probability density ( 2 ) can be determined if
 1
 ml = 1 and ms = -  = 6 n, l and m are known.
 2

82. In the following, Vn, Kn and En represent potential energy,

Match the Columns kinetic energy and total energy of an electron in the nth
Bohr orbit (radius : r) of hydrogen like species (nuclear
81. Match the entries in Column I with the correctly related
charge : Z). Match the entries on the left with those given
quantum number(s) in Column II. Indicate your answer by
on right. (2006)
darkening the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix given
in the ORS (2008) (A) Vn/Kn = ? (P) –1
Column - I Column - II (B) Vn/En = ? (Q) – 2
(A) Orbital angular (P) Principal quantum number (C) Kn/En = ? (R) 1
momentum of the electron
(D) 1/r  (Z)x : x = ? (S) 2
in a hydrogen­like atomic
Ans. A – Q; B – S; C– P; D – R
orbital
(B) A hydrogen­like one­ (Q) Azimuthal quantum number Sol.  4,1,-1
electron wave function
 4,1,+1
obeying Pauli principle
(C) Shape, size and (R) Magnetic quantum number  4,2,+1
orientation of hydrogen
 4,2,-1
like atomic orbitals
(D) Probability density of (S) Electron spin quantum  4,3,-1
electron at the nucleus in number
hydrogen­like atom  4,3,+1
Ans. A – Q; B – S; C – P, Q, R; D – P, Q, R Thus, Total 6 orbitals are possible. Hence, 12 e-s can be
Sol. A. Qrbital angular momentum accommodate of which 6

h 1 1
(L) = l(l +1) electrons have ms = + while Rest 6 have ms = -
2 2 2

i.e. L depends on azimuthal quantum number only. As per the condition mentioned only electrons with
B. To describe a one electron wave function, three
quantum numbers n, l and m are needed. Further to abide 1
ms = - is at asked.
2
Thus, Total electron satisfying overall condition is equal
to 6.