Hooper Phillips Pottery Porcelain Marks 1894

to
of Up
Mrs. S.T. Blackwood

A MANUAl>-Or MARKS
POTTERY AND PORCELAIN

A DICTIONARY OF EASY REFERENCE
BY
W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS
Uontion
MACMILLAN AND CO.
AND NEW YORK
1894
All Rights Reserved
First Edition, 1876; Second Edition, 1877; Reprinted iZ-]^, 1886;
with corrections and additions, 1894.
P K E F A C E.
THIS edition has been carefully revised and enlarged
by the additionof many new marks.
When first issued none of the marks of Japan had

been published. At that time information was difficult
to obtain, and much of it has since been found to be un-
reliable ; by the kind permission of Sir A. W.
Franks
a large number of marks are now inserted, which will
be found to include all the factories of importance.
Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportant

factories and unknown marks are left out. For more
detailed information, the works of Brongniart, Chaffers,
Demmin, Jacquemart (admirably translated by Mrs.
Bury Palliser), Marryat, Robinson and others may be
consulted.
The work is divided into four parts in the first, the

;
Marks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,

Animal, etc. ; in the second Majolica the factories of
Italy are arranged alphabetically; in the third, other
factories of Europe on the same plan ; and in the fourth,
the Oriental Marks are arranged by the number of
characters inscribed.
IV PREFACE.
The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are of three

kinds factory, workman, and pattern mark. The first
is usually placed in a prominent position, sometimes
accompanied by the mark of the maker or decorator.
Sevres Porcelain, for instance, often having four or five
workmen's marks, besides that of the factory. The
pattern mark is usually a number ; this is seldom given,
being useless without a description of the pattern
itself.
The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con-

siderably ; a different hand, a full brush, or a flaw in
the material, all tend to make them unrecognizable ;
even when printed they are often blurred by the action
of the fire or running of the enamel, and when im-
pressed, a shrinking of the wet clay will change or
obliterate them.
Z2STZDE1Z.
MARKS.
Anchor
Animal
Arrow
Axe ..
Beacon
Bell . .
Bird ..
Bow ..
Butterfly
Cadnceiis
Circle . .
Claw ..
Crescent
Cross ..
Crown
Dome . .
Dot ..
Ermine
Fish .
Bassano
Caffagiolo . .
Castel Duranto
Castelli
Diruta
Faenza
Florence
Forli ..
Genoa..
INDEX.
FACTORIES.
r
INDEX. Vll
PAGE
CONTRACTIONS.
The quality of the Ware is described in the first column,

and the mode of marking in the second, as follows :
maj. ... . . . Incised.
. . .
Impressed.
... Pencilled.
... Printed.
... Stencilled.
The third column contains the dates.

Pottery and Porcelain Marks.
ANCHOR
CHELSEA p imp
P gold
or red
iT
POPPLES DORF pot imp 176-
SCEAUX PEXTIIIEVRE s p p blue 175-
B
Pottery and Porcelain
L SCEAU.X PKNTHIEVRK pot p blue ITS-
VENICE h p p red 1765
Tliis mark varies maj. p color 17

very much
4- COLOGNE pot p blue 1 7
4-
Bow a p p red 173
The form and position of
the swora vary.
h p p blue 18
COALRROOK DALE
p goK 1770
DERBY CHELSEA p
or red
Marks.
CM '
j
VENICE ... ... s p p gold 17-
Giovanni Marconi or color
WORCESTER p color 175-

Richard Holdthip, decorator
Rf
He also ivcrked for Derby
LoNGPORT pot imp 1793
pr blue 1805
ISTONE CHIN
Thus read from

pot imp 18
imperfect impression
of name
CALDAS pot imp

Imitation of Palissy Ware
CALDAS
ORTUGAJ.
MlDDLESBOROUGH pot pr bluo

20, Pattern mark imp
20
Pottery and Porcelain.
ANIMAL.
SWINTON h p p TO* 1824

The Rockingham Crest.
<n !
MEISSEN pot imp 17
Near Dresden.
HESSE CASSEL hp p blue . 17C3
AMSTERDAM hp p blue 1772
FRANKENTHAL h p p blue 1754
CHINA h p p blue
Ow old Nankin Ware.
It M
Marks.
ARROW.
Bow B p p blue 173-
(?) PLYMOUTH hP
CAUGHLEY b p p blue 17 -
LEEDS ... pot imp 177-

Also with name Hartleij, Green fy Co.
PARIS ... li
p p blue 1773
I)e la Courtille (sometimes called
Torches)
AXE.
BADEN BADEN h p p gold

Tftctow Sperl. or color 1753
BADEN BADEN h p p gold 1753

Widow Sperl or color
tffc
DELFT pot p blue I.7C4
De Byl (The Axe)

Justus Brouwei
BEACON.
GENOA
BELL.
DELFT pot p bine 1764
De drei Kloklcen. (The 3 bells)
W. Van dcr Docs
r This mark varies so much that it

is called Leaf and Arrowhead
Marks,
BIRD.
AMSTERDAM pet p color 1780
Hartog and Brandeis.
ANSPACH h p p blup 1718
Sometimes used without the letter
>
h p p red 1810
SKVRES
sten &
1st Empire.
imp
h p pr color 1852
Napoleor. III. Emperor
p color 1833
LlVEUPOOL pot
A Liver, the Arms of the Town.
Case, Mort fy Co.
HAGUE (The) h p y blua 177-

The Arms of.
BOW.
Bow s p p blue 173-
BUTTERFLY.
CHINESE On old Nankin h p p blue
I
CADUCEUS.
DRESDEN hp pblue 1712
This mark varies very much.
WORCESTER s p p blue 1753
In imitation of Dresden
CIRCULAR MARKS.
FAENZA ... maj. p blue 15
And other varieties, and also
without the circle
Marks.
HOCHST hp p gold 1720

Tlie arms of the Archbishop of or color
Maycnce.
Dahl pot p color 1794

&hp
T\ I
DAMM Aschaferiberg h p p bine 17
DELFT pot p oiuo 1G91

TFortuyn Fortune
P. Van der Breil
Martinus Gouda pot 1675
FLORENCE s p p color 15
)
The arms of the Medici.
w
(B) Francis II. A very rare mark.
niaj. p color 15
Orazio Fontana Urbino fecit.
10 Pottery and Porcelain
DERBY h p pr color 1815
COLOGNE ... pot 1G-
MONTPELLIER pot imp 18
Lc Vouland.
SHELTON pot pr color 1820
1
BERLIN hp pr 1850
Royal Factory
SEVRES ... ... h p pr color 1830
The marie ivas used with the year

date from 1830.
Louis Philippi 1834

Marks.
i .CHATEAU,
SEVRES h p pr color 1834
51 1 Republic hp p red 1848
BURSLEM pot & imp 1768

Wedgwood 8c Bentlcy hp
CLAW.
DELFT
De Klaauw (The Claw) pot pbhu, 1764
Lambertus Sanderus.
12 Pottiry and Porcelain
CRESCENT.
CAUGHLEY h p. p blue 1750

And without name.
SALOPIAN.

or gold
URBINO ... maj. p blue 1591

Also with the initials E. F. B.
NAPLES mnj. p blue 17
WORCESTER h p p blue 1783

Mark*
C<
V MARIEBERG, Sweden pot

sp
& p color 1750
CC
Ehrenreich, 1759
CROSS.
BRISTOL h p p iu 1773
color
t FULDA ... h p p blue i763
VARAGES pot p bl: C c 1730

or red
DRESDEN h p p blue 1720
COPENHAGEN h p p color 1772
* CASEMENE ... pot imp IS~

BOURG-LA-REINE h p p 17
Le Chappelet.
BRISTOL h p p color 1773
TURIN Vineuf h p imp 1770

Dr. Gioanetti.
CROWN.
BASSANO maj. p color 1540
Also with the signature of
Antonio Terchi $ B Terchj
CASTELLI ma}. p color 16
ST. PETERSBURG b p p blue 1801

Alexander I. or color
h p p blue 1805
Alexander II. or color
Marks.
PARIS h p p red 177P

Porcelaine de la Reine( Antoinette)
VENICE maj 17-
DERBY s p p gold 177-
BRUSSELS h p p' color 18
WORCESTER hp imp 1807
Barr, Flight 8f Barr.
NAPLES maj. p 16
Crown of various shapes,

sometimes B.C.
SEVRES Charles X. b p 1829
'&
SEVRES Charles X. h p p bine 1829

*0 30
LUDWIG-SBURG hp p blue 1758

Also attributed to
BUEN RETIRO s p p color 176-

Madrid. Carlos III. & pot
LUDWKJSBURG b p p blue 1758
Initial of Duke Charles
NlEDERVILLER h p p blue 1788
De
& pot
Custine, director
URBINO maj. 16-

(?) Luca Cambiasi
HOCHST b p p gold 17*JO

& color
Marks.
PARIS ... hp p blue 1769

Charles Philippe, Comte
d'Artois, patron
FEANKENTUAL Up p blue 17G1

Carl Theodore
DERBY ... h p p red or 1780

Dueslury violet
with monogram D K
Duesbury and Kean ... 1798
also ivitnout croivn ... ,
Stevenson $ Hancock ... ,, 18C-
HlLDEKSHEIM .,. .. hp p bill? 1760

i8 Pottery and Porcelain
FULDA .., h p p blue 1763
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples s p p color 1780

Ferdinandus. Rex
PARIS ... hp prod 1780

DM and Guerhard
HESSE DARMSTADT h p' p blue 1756
I'D
ST. PETERSBURG ... h p p color 1825

Nicholas I.
SEVRES h p imp or 1845

Louis- Philippe pr color
M CLIGNANCOURT ... hp stred 17SO

Marks.
BUEN RETIRO, Madrid ... sp p color 176-
MARIEBERO, Sweden pot & p color 1750

sp
VU U/
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples s p p red or 1759

blue
& imp
SEVRES. Napoleon III. ... s& p color 1854
In this year the manufacture h p
of soft paste was resumed
SAVONA. (?) Guidolono ... maj. 10-
JV.Q.
ORLEANS pot p color 1753
o
ST. PETERSBURG. Paul h p p color 1796

n I. ...
DRESDEN ... ... h p p blue 1750

Saclisiche Porzellen
SPM Manufacture
LUDWIGSBURG h p p blue 1806

.
t OPORTO
Vista Allegra
h p p gold
or color
1790
WORCESTER h p p color 1793
Flight and Barr

WTT
LIVERPOOL pot imp & 1796

pr color
DOME.
FLORENCE s p p color 1580
A rare mark
Marks. 2i
o
o
DOT.
** .
I LlMBACH hp p 1761
oOo URBINO & FAENZA maj. p 16
ERMINE.
STOKE-ON-TRENT ... h p p color IS5-
Minion & gold
FISH.
GENOA ... maj. p 10
NYOV, ... h p p blue 1790
LILLE ... hp sten & 1781

The Dauphin. Patron p red
CHINA ... li
p p blue 969
Old Nankin ware to HOfi
This mark varies much
CHINA h p p blue 969

to 1106
FLEUR-DE-LYS.
* Bow s p p blue 173-
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples s p p blue 1736

Removed to
BUEN RETIRO, Madrid 176-
MARSEILLES pot pr color 1777
EOUEN ... p color 1542

Marks.
ST. CLOUD s p imp 1702
SEVRES hp p blue 1830

Sevres
30
FLOWER.
CHINA. (?) Sesamum h p p color 1403
to 1424
p red 142G
&gold to 1435
(?) Emblems of longevity ,, p bluo

//iese inarlis are from old
Nankin ware; date un-
CHINA ... hp j
i blue
JAPAN. On old and modern

ware in imitation of old
Nankin patterns ... hp
Marks.
GEASS.
CHINA. This mark is knoivr.
as the " Grass Mark" but it
is meant for a water plant ... h p p blue 960
to9G3
HAYFORK.
RUDOLSTADT h D p color 1758
y
p blue .,
i
17-
A1SO WORCESTF.P
HATCHET (see AXE).
HEAD.
DELFT ... ... ... pot p color
HEART.
MOTJSTIERS. Olery pot p color 17
NAPLES maj
ST. SAMSON pot imp 182-
HORN.
CHANTILLY sp pblue 1725
cr imp
LUDWIGSBUR hp p red or 1758
I blue
Marks.
LABEL.
ORLEANS ... ... h & p color 1753
Gerault Daraubert s p
LEAF.
BERLIN
This mark is frequently painted
in green or gold over the Berlin

sceptre on damaged pieces
GROSBREITENBACII ... hp p color 1770
Sometimes a mere flourish
CHINA ... ... ... h p p blue

A great variety oj leaves are
found on old Nankin ware,
the mark was imitated by
DELFT and other factories
CHINA.
(?) Bamboo leaves, mark of a h p p blue 1573

Factory in King-te-chin ... 1619
JAPAN. On ware painted with h p p blue

Chinese patterns
LETTERS.
PARIS. Le basuf p red 177-
A A is also found
...
on Bow ware
ANSPACH. This mark varies h p p blu*1 1718
very much and sometimes

looks like crossed swords
Marks 29
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 17G1

iTD De G-dclcse A (The Alpha)
J. T. Dickstraat or Dextra
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue

De Wittc Stcr (The White Star)
A.K. A Kiell
ALTENROLHAU h p & imp 1829

A.N. A Nowotny Director pot
U BEING maj p 1GO-
AP Alphonso Patanazzi
ARRAS ... s p p blue 1782
AVJJ \
D7M. I DEF.FT ... pot p I'/-

WORCESTER ... ... h p me 1793

Bart-. B is also on Bow ware
MARSEILLES pot p color 1769

B Bonnefoy
DELFT ... pot p blue 175-

J. Brouwer
SAINTES ... ... pot inc 1538

Attributed to Bernard Pallissy
BRISTOL h p p color 1773

B
GUBBIO maj p color 15-
Maestro Giorgio
LUXEMBOURG pot p color 180G

B. L. BOCK. &hp
BlaR L.A KiElNE s
&
p p bin? 1773
pot
DELFT ... pot p blue
Marks.
BAYREUTH pot p blue 15
DELFT ... r>ot p biue

(?) Berghem

(?) Vender Does
ST. PETERSBURG h ,,176-

Cc Catherine
... p
BAYREUTH h p p color 1744
DELFT pot p blue . 17

CB De Paauw (The Peacock)
(?) Cornells Boumeester
COALBROOK DALE h p p blue 1787
GO LIMOGES h p p red 1773
PARIS ... n p 1781

Chanou
*C*
Marks. 33
g ST. PETERSBURG
P. Kornilo/e
... li p p blue 1762
MARIEBERG pot p color 1759
Ehrenreich, director &sp

14*
DELFT pot p 1764.
E BS T' jongue Moriaans Hofft
(The young Moors head.)
BRISTOL hp
5 (Imitation Oriental.)
p color 1773
FLORENCE M 17
F (A late mark on Fine Pottery.)
maj
FAENZA ... ... maj 14
(Many varieties of the letter

are found.)
FURSTENBERG hp pblue 1750
F is also found on Bow ware
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blui

URBINO. F^ Xanto ... maj. p color 15
MOUSTIERS. Feraud pot p color 178-
F.DV NAPLES ... maj. imp

Fab. del Vecchio, Napoli &hp 17-
FI FLORENCE. For Firenze maj. p 17-
FP UREINO. F c
. Patanazxi ma. p 1G08
FR NEVERS pot p color 3730
PERKENHAMMER. Fischer
Reichembach 1802
GUBBIO maj. 1536
CAFJTAGIOLO. G is found on
Bow ware
Marks. 35
NAPLES. Giustiniani maj. imp & 17 :
p color
GERA ... h p p blue 1780
GOTH A .. " 175-
DELFT
6iK pot p red
p 17-
1179
, ,
T'oude Moriaans Hojft.
1 (The old Moor's head) pot p blue 1764
OVJ
Geertruy Verstelle.
M STBASBOUKG. Hannong ... hp

& pot
1752
H PARIS. Hannong ... p color 1773
HB NEVEKS. Henri Borne ... pot p color 168-
DELFT. Jacobus Haider Adriens

p color 176S
H.F NAPLES maj. p 17
7CS-7
DELFT ... pot p ted
NUREMBERG pot p blue 15
Haws Kraut Villingen
DELFT .., pot p blue 1764

Hendrick Van Hoorn
DELFP ... pot p blue

HVMD THart (The Hart)
Hendrick van Middeldijk
LISBON , pot imp 13
DELFT ... pot p blu6 1764
(?) Jacobus de Milde
DELFT ... pot p bine
//a 2-
Marks. 37
DELFT ... pot p blue 1680

Jan Kuylich
(?) PESARO. (?) In Pesaro .

maj p
I.P
ITD De Griekse A (The Alpha)
7 JT. T. Dikstraat or Dextra.
DELFT ...
DELFT ...
PARIS ... hp p blue 1790

JJ? Jacob Petit
LIMOGES pot p red 18
J. Pouyat
pot st color 1831

VOISONLIEU
Jean Zeigler
& imp

(?) Jan Kuylich
DELFT ... pot pbluo 1GSO

Jan Kuylich
KIEL ... pgold 177-
II Buchwald, director
A. Leihamer, decorator
or color
m
DRESDEN hp p blue 17
H.HCVJ/
J> T
XV
KVK DELYT ... .. pot 17-
LIMBACH h p p red 1761
MONTELUPO maj. p
Given by Jacquemart, Wolfs
Brush
BRUSSELS h p p color 1791
LC L. GretU
DELFT ... pot p blue 17G4

De Lampetkan (The Pitcher)
Widow G. Brouwer
Marks. 39
BORDEAUX hp IS-
B Lahens and Bateau
p color

(?) Van Dammelar
CAFFAGIOLO maj p 15
SlNCENT pot p color 18G1

Moulin
PARIS ... h p p blue 1773
MAP Morel d Paris
GUBBIO rcaj 15
If Maestro Giorgio
15* z
a.
LOOSDEECHT ... ... h p p blue 177%

^ ni
Manufactur oude Loosdrcch\ & P
Moll director,
4o Pottery and Porcelain
OPORTO pot p gold \1~

Rocha Soare
M.P or color
DELFT... ... ... pot p blue 1639
MP De Metaale Pot (The Metal

Lamlertus Cleffius
Pot)
A\VC DELFT ... pot
NEVERS pot p color 15

IV
GUBBIO ... ... maj p 153-
Vincentio or Cencio son of
KL Maestro Giorgio
GUBBIO
N
p bme
op BOURG-LA-REINE h p 1773
LILLE .,, pot p color 1778

I Petit
Marks.
LIVERPOOL pot p gold 1760
Pennington &hp or color

& imp
PINXTON s p p color 1791
These letters are ascribed to
Pinxton, but t7ie wave was

seldom marked
GUBBIO maj 15-

? Maestro Perestino
DELFT ... pot p
CAFFA.GIOLO maj p 15-
KOTTEN... pot p color 15
NlMES imp 183
Plantier, Boncourant $ Co.
ROUEN pot p color 15
DELFT ... ...

pot p bluo 1761
P v Doornp
DELFT ... pot pblue 1G91

P van der Breil
PVM DELFT
P van
...
Meemm
pot pblue 1764
DELFT ... p brown
MARSEILLES pot p black 1777
K Robert &hp
RKGENSBERG OR RATISBON hp p blue 17
... b p p blue 17
R-n RAUENSTEIN ... ... hp p blue 1760
DELFT ... ... ... pot
COLOGNE. r
..
. .
v pot p blue 1.6
Marks. 43
CAUGHLEY hp pblue 1750

S Salopian
SCHLAKENWALD h p
S ...
p color 180V.
SlNCENT pot p color 1733
SEVRES on white ware ... hp pr green 1833
The Scratch denotes tJiat
the piece left the factory

undecorated. 18G
ST. CLOUD pot& p blue 173-

Trow Director sp
SX SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE up inc 1750
VENICR maj p color 15

Ven? &hp 17-
BERLIN h p p blue 1751
Wegeley, founder
PLYMOUTH p p blue 176-
Probably the usual marie, the

sign Jupiter, carelessly
pencilled
And others in imitation of ,, ,
oriental marks
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1764
WVB De Twee Wildemans (The two

Savages) Willem Van Beelc

Widow van der Briel
URBINO maj p
Fco Xanto
maj X p blue
N red lustre
maj p
Al
Marks. 45
GUBBIO maj p 15
ZURICH h p p blue 1759
DELFT ... pot p 1765

Z-DEJC Dextra zoon
LINES.
ALT HALDENSTEBEN hp imp 17
COPENHAGEN hp p blue 1772

The Sound, the great and
little Belts
ST. PETERSBURG hp p blue 17
MITRE.
WURZBURG h p p blue 17
Marks. 47

A Kielle
SI l
Moscow h p p color 1830

A Popoff
APREY ... pot p black 1750
DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764

De twee Scheepjes (The two
Ships) Ant Pennis
Moscow ... ... hp p color 1830
A Popoff
Keyser <f- Pynalcer

DELFT ... pot p col 1680

Keyser Sf Pyndker
DRESDEN hp p blue 1709
DRESDEN p blue 13
A modern mark & imp
PARIS ... pot p bluo 16

Reverend
DELFT ... .. ,. 16-
ANSPACH or Frankenthal .. hp 17-

J. A Hannonjr
TOURS ... .. hp ,.
184-
Victor Avisseau
$6 Jacques Bourdu,
Marks. 49
LUXEMBOURG pot p color 180G

& h p
B.L E
NlEDERVILLEB hp p blue 1760
Beyerle founder
& pot
MARANS ... ... pot p color 1740

Jean Pierre Roussencq
NTON ... ... ... hp p blue 18

Pierre Hulhausen decorator
COALBROOK DALB h p p blue 1787
URBINO ... ... maj p 15-

A air.iilar mark is dated 1549.
STOKE-ON-TRENT Hp pr color 185-
SEVRES p p bine 1824

Charles
VENICE ... ... maj p 15-

Probably Gian Andrea and
Pietro Bertolini
COALBROOK DALE hp p blue 1787
DlRTJTA maj p 16-
PARIS ... h p p red 1784

Chanou
URBINO maj p 15
Nicolo d' Urbino
DELFT ... root p blue 1651
D/W De Paauw (The Peacock)

Jacobus de Milde 1764
Marks.
DlRUTA roaj p 16
I*
FLORENCE maj p 14
FAOrEBAT

Denis Lefebvre

Johannes Mesch
URBINO maj 16
TOOLOUSE pot p color 1820
Fouque" Arnoux $ Co.
LlLLiE ... pot p color 1729

F. Boussemart
KREUSSEU pot p color 1610
Caspar V^t 1G90

Hans Christophe Vest
PARIS ... ... ... h p p red 1780

Dihl 4- Guerhard, Due d"4n-
gouldine patron
NUREMBERG pot p blue 16G7

George Liebolt
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1761

De drei porceleyno FlescJijes
(The 3 porcelain bottles)
Hugo Brouwer
NUREMBERG pot imp
NAPLES maj p 17

UK Jan Jan zoon Kuylich
//f
NUREMBERG pot p blue 15
Hans Kraut
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p blue 17

Paul Hannong & h p & inc
Marks. 53
GUBBIO ... ... maj p 16
Hipollito Rombariotti
STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p bluo 17
Hannong &hp
FRANKENTHAL & STRASBOURG ,,
J. 4* P. Hannong
NEVERS ... ... pot p color 17
Jacques Seignc
NIEDERVILLER ... pot sten 1802

Lanfray &hp
LIMBACH (?) ... ... h p p color 176-
. Pffold
|
PARIS ... ... ... h p p color 1773
Gros Caillou
54 Pottery ana Porcelain
SEVRES ... ... fl

p p blue 1753
The letter indicates Hie date
See Sevres
hp p blue 1814
Louis XVIII.
MOTJSTIERS Olcry pot p color 17
k REGEKSBERG or Eatisbon ... h T> p blue 17
COLOGNE pot p blue 1589
53!?
HEREND hp pblue 1839
Maurice Fischer
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1639
De Metaale Pot (The Metal

Pot)
Marks. 55
FAENZA maj p 154
me*
ML
URBINO maj p 15
Nicolo d' Urbino
DELFT ... pot pblue 1680
Q Kleynoven
15*44;
URH1NO maj p 15-
Orazio Fontana
CLIGNANCOURT ... ... h p st rod 1775
Monogram of the patron Louis

Stanislas Xavier Comte de
Provence
DELIT ... pot p 10-

ftw (?) Philip Wouvermans
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 16SO

J. PynaJcer, C. Keyser 4- A.
Pynalcer
M DELFT ... v
De Romeyn (The Roman)

Petrus van Meerum
.f. pot p blue 1764
DELFT ... pot 1G91

P van der Briel
DELFT pot p blue 1764

De porceleyne Fles (The por-
celain bottle) Pieter van
Doorne
SEVEES h p color 1792
R^pullique Franqaise &sp
GUBBIO maj p
(?) Salimbene
COALBROOK DALE ... h p P blue 1861

j
CaugJiley Swansea 4
1
j
Nantganv
Marks. 57
DELFT ...
pot p blue 165
Samuel Pict Roerdet
DIRUTA maj p 16
CAFFAGGIOLO maj p 15
ST. AMAND pot p 175-

Fauquez
STOKE-ON-TIIENT hp p blue 179-

Minion or red
CASTELLI maj p 17
Sowerio Grue
DELFT... pot p blue 1580

Suter van der Even
SCHAFFHAUSEN . . .
pot p color 1560
Tobias Stimmer
FAENZA maj p 15
DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1650

Antoni Ter Humpelin
NEVERS p color 1850

H Tite Ristori
pot

Jan van der Kloot Jan Zoon
V DELFT
(?) Van
der Even
pot pblue 1580
FESARO maj p 15
(?) Giovanni Vejaso
MARSEILLES pot p black 1760

I
Veuve Perrin
Marks. 59
VI URBINO maj p blue 16
DELFT ... pot p blue 176-4
(?) Wvander Does

I
MUSICAL INSTEUMENTS.
Nankin ware
NAMES.
W- Adams. TUNSTALL pot imp 1780
SHELTON pot imp 17

Astbury.
R. 4- J.
pot imp 1750
Baddeley,
Bailey <$ LANE END pot imp 18-

Baikin.
*fr r*
Qodty FAENZA maj p 15-
WOECK3TE14 hp pr 1807
Enoch Booth. TUNSTALL pot imp 1750
Brameld. SWINTON b p pr red 1807

& pot
int.
DELFT pot p color 1680
Verboom painter
BPATbEFb ST. PETERSBURG ... h p pr color 1827
KopHHAOBLDO Korneloffslci Brothers
SWANSEA hp p color 178-
LIVERPOOL pot p color 1751
Chamberlain. WORCESTER h p p color 178-

& imp
Child. TUNSTALL pot imp 1763
LIVERPOOL pot imp 1765

Christian.
COALBROOK DALE h p p blue 1787

Govlfwt.
Marks. 61
Copeland.
Flight. WORCESTER hp p color 1783
Flight Sf Ban- ... 1793
Flight, Barr 1807

# Barr.
DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1C91

n <fl ^tl
T. Fortwyn (Fortune)
P van d&r Breil
Moscow ... ... h p imp color 18

(DP Galena. Fabrica Gospodina & pot
TYAMHA The Factory of our Lady)
Moscow hp imp 17
FAPkHEPT} Gardner
Ginori. DOCCIA s p imp 1735
NAPLES maj imp 17
Giusiiniani Brothers
WORCESTER hp pred 1800

Grainger, Lee
Co.
maj p J7
TURIN (so attributed)
b p st red 1780
Guerhard et PARIS ..
Dihl.
Marks.
Haclcwood.
o4 Pottery and Porcelain
E. Mayer.
Marks.
Phillips $ Co. SUNDEELAND pot pr color "V780
B. Plant. LANE END pot imp 177-
Moscow li
p p color 1830
nonoBbi A Popoff
PARTS ... h p p red 1773

Pouyat $
Russinger. De la Couriille
Reid 4- Co. LIVERPOOL h p imp 175-
RocJcingham. SWINTON pot imp 1757

&hp
Sadler fGreen. LIVERPOOL pot pr color 175G
&hp
William Sans. BUKSLEM pot imp 167-
MN 1' SEVRES
National Factory
s p st red 1S03
h p st red 1806
Imperial Factory
Marks.
m*
MALTA .., pot imp 18
PLYMOUTH ... ... hp p blue 176-

This marie, the sign of Jupiter,
is often considered as 2, 4
joined
ST. CLOUD pot p color 1700

J. B. Chicanneau
B*
DELFT ... pot p
ORB.
BERLIN hp pblue 1830
SAVONA maj p 16
Marks. 69
GtiBBio ... ... cnaj p 15
ORIENTAL.
Old Nankin ware. Sacred axe
,, Precious things. Instru-

ments of writing
Kwei, or emblems of u
Mandarin
CHINA. ... ... h p p blue

Instrument used as a tuning
fork
DELFT ... ... ... pot p bluo IB-

'
In imitation of the
'
six mark
OVAL.
ANDENNES put imp 18
B. Lammens Sf Co.
UZES ...
Francois Pichon
VENICE maj p 18
(?)
On modern ware
MONTET pot anp 18
Laurjorois
PEtiARO AND FAENZA ... maj p 15

Marks.
PESAUO AND FAENZA ninj p
j
VAL sous MENDON pot imp 179-
Mittenhoff ,
! COLOGNE pot p blue 1C
PALETIE.
PARIS ... hp p gold 18
Schloss),iacher
PICKAXE.
LEEDS ... pot p color 1770
X ARNSTADT
PIPE.
pot p color 17O-
'
VlNCENNEP . h 178~
72.
t Pottery and Porcelain
ROSE.
CAUGHLEY ... b p p color 1799
J. Roge S- Co.
DELFT ... ... ... pot .

p blue 17G4
3) De Roos Dirk van
(the Rose),
dor Does
SCEPTRE.
BERLIN hp pblae 170-
1
*
SHELL OR HELMET.
CHINA hp pblne
Marks
CHINA ... hp p blue
SHIELD.
ANSPACH ... ... h p p blue 1718
NYMPHENBERG ... ... h p imp 1758
SAVONA ... ... maj p 1C-

Sometimes with initials G.
A.G., (?) Gian Anto. Guido-

fcono, G. 8. 4* B. C.
Girolamo Salomons ...

SAVONA maj p 1C
DELFT ... pot p rec* 1.7
VOLKSTADT hp p color 17C2
tr
TURIN ... mnj p lo-
And Shield alone with Cross.
Arms of Savoy
VIENNA li
p imp or 1774
p olue
SIIIP.
COBRIDGE pot p blue 18
SQUARE MARKS.
CHINA ... h p p blue
For other Square Maries, see
Oriental, used also by

WORCESTER and DRESDEN
Marks. 75
H DRESDEN
Imitation Oriental
h p f blue 17
On Bottger ware ... ",,
UKBINO maj p 15
Orazio Fontana
In Greek Characters
STAR.
DOCCIA s p p color 1735
NOVE .
hp p gold or 1750
pot p red
SUN.
ST. CLOUD ... ... pet p blue 1702

.* sp
SAVONA
SWORD.
X OAUGHLEY ... ... h p p blue 1750

X ... ...
1730
Marks. 77
X ., Marcolini Manager ... 1796
on White Porcelain for

x ! Sale ... ...
scratched
17-
through
on imperfect pieces ...
DRESDEN h p 3 blue 1750

Bruhl Manager
17
ELBOGEN h p mp 1810
MONTREUIL p blue 18
XX- Tinei
TOURNAY s p p gold 175-

or blue
(?) CAUGHLEY hp pblue 177-
Attributed to Worcester
WORCESTER sp p bine 17
Marks.
WORCESTER s p j) blue \7
TABLE.
CHINA ... ... ... h p
imitated by DERBY ...
TOWETl.
TOURNAT ., ... s p p tl"e 175
I VlNCENNES 8 p p color 17
TRIANGLE.
A Bow, CHELSEA & DERBY s
hp
p & p gold
color&
&
imp & inc

17-
BRISTOL h p imp 18-

&bis
DOCOIA s p p gold 1735

& imp
KORZEC .
p p blue 1803
NYMPIIENBERO ... hp {.blue 1753
pot imp 1809

Hulaudier*
Marks.
TRIDENT.
Bow p blue 170-
JA,e triangle imp
CAUGHLKY h p p blue 17
CAPFAGIOLO maj ,. lo
Also attributed to Faenza
Gubbio
SWANSEA h y imp 18
And one trident
VASES.
BRISTOL h p pr blue 18
The Cross imp
JAPAN ... h f. imp 18

color
Gunno inaj p blue 15
WINDMILL.
CLJGNA.NCOUKT ... &hp i color 1775
Paries greatly
Majolica. 83
MAJOLICA.
THE manufacture of Italian Pottery generally known

as Majolica or RafFaelle ware was foi many years under
the patronage of the Urbino family, and was principally
carried on at Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro, Castel Dnrante, Faenza
and Dim c.i.
The ware is coarse and bar], but it is valued for the
decorations, which are from designs by RafFaelle, Michael
Angelo, Guilio Romano, and other great masters; and some

are thought to be painted with their own hands.
" It
Marryat says : was the usual custom for the Artists
to write the title of the subject, in blue characters on the

back of the dish, but rarely to affix their names and place of
abode." The examples given will, it is hoped, be sufficient

for the identification of such marks as may be met with in
duplicate, those that arc given in type are too large for
ensravinor in a small handbook.

MAJOLICA.
BASSANO, Venetia ... ... ... 1540

Also with the signature of Antonio Terchi and
B Terchj
CAFFAGIOLO, Tuscany ... ... ... 1507

The ordinary mark is thus marie, it is S. P. in e
monogram, sometimes the P is alone given.
,,
The trident is used both with and without
above. The name is also signed In Gafagolo
This mark is also attributed to Faenza and

Gubbio
& (?) for Gafagiolo

Majolica. 85
CASTEL DURANTE, Urbino ... ... founded 1361

The earliest known date is ... 12 Sep., 1503
Sebastiano d' Marforio signs and dates a piece in 1519
Francesco Durantino 1533
FattoinBotega ,,
The Chevalier Piccolpasso was director of a
di Piccolpasso
factory about ... 1550
> 1841 !
" On Modern Ware < in imitation of the old
CASTELLI, Naples 14
So attributed by Pusscri ... 1C
Saverio Grue. Also initials and name ... 17
L. G. P.
,, Luigi Grue ... '>
,
Fro. -
Ani- Grue ... 1722
Or. Rocca di ... J-'2

Castelli, 1732.
Gentili P. . 17-
DIRUTA, Papal States

Other varieties of this signature are found
86 Pottery and Porcelain.
-inty DIRUTA, Papal States

J *
1G-
HT
Given by Darcel as a mark of this factory ...
P AEN7A
On one of the earliest pieces of Majolica known 1475
(?) Gubbio. Supposed to be Maestro Giorgio 14
Many varieties of the letter F are found ...
FatainFaenza Cosa Piroto The name of a factory of

In Coxa Pirota
Facnza ... .,, .,, ... 15-
Majolica.
FAENZA
And Avithout the circle ... ,,. 15
Also attributed to Pesaro
Many other varieties of this mark are found
ft Also initials B. M. , 154-

Yvioiuarcx ]
ML
,,
And B Avithout the T ...
(?) Baldasara
Pottoy ana Porcelain.
AENZA
Attributed to Baldasara 15
ero.
F.R. In a square, and initials only ... , .. M
FLORENCE, Tuscany ... ... ... 14

Luca della Robbia and his family mailc their
famous ware here until about ... ... 15GO
This mark and another, LR FA, 1451, is attributed
to Luca, but both are very doubtful
TAOEBA.T
,,
A late mark on fino pottery ., 17-
(?) for Firenze
FORLI ... ... ... 15-
Pate m .F Also without date, and with signature of

1542.
Lcucadius Solombrinus, 1555
I la, Bo teg a d
Mo Jero da
Forli.
Majolica.
GENOA ... ... ... . 15

The beacon is well known, it varies very much
,, Given by Demmin
GUBBIO, Urbino ... ... ... ... 14

Giorgio Andreoli, afterwards known as Maestro .
Giorgio, first used the beautiful metallic luttre

which caused the Gubbio ware to be so valued
Also ascribed to him ... .*. .
... 1519
.,. 1525
9o Pottery and Porcelain.
GUBBIO Maestro Giorgio
B A, Merchants' mark... ... 1528
1532
,, With merchants' mark 15
Attributed to 3faes/ro
,. Vincentio or Cencio, son of M- Giorgio ... w

Majolica.
GUBBIO
AlsoN. G. , 15
(?) Maestro Fercstino. Also signature in full ,.
,, (?) Salimbcne ... 16-
O (?) Ilipollilo TtombarioUi
(?) Rovigo ...
17. A. I. Jlf.
LODT, Lcmbarcly ... ... 1C-

And with the initials only
*L
5to, MILAN. Lombardy , 17-
And name only
r n.o
tf.B. On modern pottery ... ... , 18-
31. MONTELUPO, Tuscany ... ... ,.., 1G-

1627.
Vaviously written
M te
L* With signature Raffaello Girolamc
1639.
Given by Jacque mart ... ... p black

(?) Wolf's brush modern
NAPLES
15-2 /f
Crown of various shapes, some-

times B. C.
Majolica. 93
EDV NAPLES.
N And Ferdinando del Vecchio Napoli imp in full 17
H.F So attributed
. 17
Giustiniani Brothers ... ... imp 17
& p color
C And in outline ... p blue 17
15-
PADUA, Venetia ...
Padva.
With date, 1548
A. Padoa. 1563
94_
In Fesaro. PESARO , li
With dates, 1542 to 1765
FattoinPesaro . 15-
IP Doubtful
(?) Giovanni Vejaso ... 1512
EAVENNA
Ravena.
Between two flourishes , 10-
In Arimin RIMINI , 15-

1535. written
Stiffly
In Rimino
1535.
Fato in
Ariminensis * 1C35
1635.
Fatto in Roma
da Gio Pavlo EOME ... ... 16-
Savino Pencilled in oval . 1COO
M.D.C.
In Roma. Pencilled and impressed

Majolica. 95
Alma Roma EOME.

1623.
SAVONA, Genoa ... 16-
(?) Guidobono
Girolamo Salomons 16-
9
., With initials G. A. G. (Gian Ant .. Guidobono)
61 and G. S. (tSalomone) & B. C. ..
SAVONA, Genoa ~. 16
10-
L L
SIENA, Tuscany 15
Fata t Siena.
With signatures of M Benedetto
Bar Terese Bartolomeo Terenzio Romaw-o 1727

,,
Roma.
,,
Also in monogram Ferdinando Ma.no,
F. G.
Campani ... 1733
TREVISO, Lomardy 15
Treviso. In circle
N. So attributed
TURIN, Piedmont ... ... ... 15

And Shield alone with Cross. Arms of Savoy
Majolica. 97
FattainTorino TURIN, Piedmont .. 1577
Fabrics Reale
di Torino ... 17
1737.
So attributed
UEBINO ... 14
Xanto Avelli da Rovigo p colour 15

.f.XA-K
-Til / ^
/ t/rAino.
X in blue, N in red lustre, probably Viceniio's

mark
H
URBINO 15-
^V ^
A Francesco Xanto Avelli
,, Orazio Fontana 15-
Urlino Fecit
In Greek character!
A similar mail; dated 1519
JE
ATico7o d' UrUno. About

also signed Niculo di V.
Majolica. 99
UBBINO
Nicolo d' Urbino ... ... 15
Geronimo Vrliino, with dato ... 1583
T. R. F.
... 1587
1587.
Also with initials EF B, dated , 1594
F. G. C.
Alf. P. F. Also name in 1006

,, Alfonzo Patanazzi. full ...
Vrbini, 1606.
A.P
RE Francesco Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1608
Vicenzio Patanazzi, aged 12 years ... 1619
,, (?) Luca Cambiasi, of Genoa ... ... 16
B. F. V. F. ,, (?) Battista Franco Urbini Fecit ... ...
VI
UB.BINO , 16-
Also attributed to Faenza
VENICE ... 1545

Venczia ic also written in full
Probably Gian Andrea and Pietro Berlolini,

too confused to be made clearer
., A well-known mark, with many variations ... 17
Doubtful 17
<.)n modern waro .. is

Factories. 101
FACTOEIES.
ALTENROLHAU near Carlsbad,

Germany ... ... pot imp 1829
A. Nowotny, Director &hp
AMSTEL,Oude nearAr sterdam,

3
Holland ... ... hp p blue 1782
AMSTEL, Nicwer ... ... hp p blue 15
AMSTERDAM, Holland ... h p ji

blue 1772
A. Daeuber, Director ... ,t 178-

AMSTERDAM, Holland pot p color 1780
Hartog $ Brandeis
ANDENNES, France pot imp 18

B. Lammens $ Co.
A. Der Vander Wcert
ANsrACH, Bavaria ... hp p blue 1718
And other varieties of the

A^sometimes like crossed
s words
The Eagles and Shields t, n n

vary very much, and
sometimes on A used
without the letter
Factories. 103
ANSPACH Ii p p blue 1718
And FRANKENTHAL
J". J.. Hawnong
APREY, France ... pot p black 17CO
/P II J5 "
X ARNSTADT, Germany pot p color 17G-
<vAa
ARRAS, France s p p blue 1782
BADEN-BADEN, Germany h p p gold 1753

Widow Sperl or color
io 4 Pottery and Porcelain
BADEN-BADEN, Germany hp p gold 1753
\ Widwu Sperl or color
BAYRETJTII, Bavaria ... pot p black

)k 15-
15
rot D blue 15
n kip p 1744
BERLIN, PRUSSIA.
Established by W. G. Wegeley, in 1751, and purchased
by Frederick the Great, in 1763. Pott, a chemist at

this factory, claims the invention of transfer printing on
porcelain.
BERLIN, Prussia.
Wegeley h p p blue 1751
Factories. 105
BERLIN, Prussia
Royal Factory. Many
forms of sceptre ... h p p blue 176-
1
Konigliche PorzelleR.
Manufactur 1830
KPK
r 1850
This Ea,gle is also used by
Schuman, of Hoabit,
with namet
Frequently painted tn
green or gold over the

sceptre mark, on
damaged pieces 18
io6 Pottery and Porcelain
B BORDEAUX, France
Lahens 4" Rateau
h p p color 18
BOURG-LA-EEINE, France p blue 1773

BlaR .-. s
4 pot
p
op
*
I: Le Chappelet ,
t
BOW.
This factory ivas established about 1735, "but did not
become celebrated until many years later.
Bow e p p blue 173

Factories. 107
Bow B p p blue 173-
The form and position p red

it of the sword vary &gold
The triangle has long been imp

considered a Bow mark t
inc '
but recent researches p gold

have rendered it doubt- & color
ful, it is often hard
to
say if it is a Bow
or
Triangle, the latter is
now proved to have been
used at CHELSEA and
DERBY
Triangle, imp p Dine
A. B. F. G. & K. are also
found, probably work-

men's marks
To Also BRISTOL
io8 Pottery and Porcelain
ELERS BRA i> WELL pot imp 1600
BRISTOL
* Founded ly llicliard h p p color 1772
Champion
,,
And other imitations of
Oriental marks ... ,,
The cross impressed hp pr blno IS
imp
& biscuit
For Tebo, the modeller.

Many other ivorlcmeris
marks are found ino 17-
Factories. 109
BEUSSELS, Belgium h p p color 1791

L. Crette
LC P .>
JB
BURSLEM, Staffordshire
And Ralph Toft pot in relief 1G70
.1 ,
im P 167 ~
J{. S/iau-e. 173-
WEDGWOOD. 175-
Wedgwood.
Wedgwood <
1768
Bentley.
Aaron Wood. 175-
Enoch Wood. 1783
Wood& 1790
Caldwell.
18
Steel.
BUEN RETIRO (Madrid), Spain s p p color 176-

Attributed to Royal & pot
Factory, Charles III.,
but probably LUDWIQS-
BUKQ
,,
The Capo di Monte mark
is found on early pieces
,,
And M only ...
CAEN, France hp p red 1793

caen Also in capitals
CALDAS, Portugal pot imp 18
Mafra^ maker. Imitations

CALDAS of Palissy ware
PORTUCAI
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples s p p blue 1736
And various other forms

of Fleur de lys
Ferdinand IV, patron ... p red 1759

or blue
& imp.
Factories. ii i
CAPO DI MONTI, Naples

This factory has success-
Os fully imitated old ma-

jolica s p p color J79
Ferdinandus Rex p color 1780
CASEMKNE, France pot imp 18
Lafl4cliere and Pzillaird
D. D. & Co. CASTLEFOED. near Leeds pot imp 1790

CASTLEFOED
POTTERY. D. Dunderdale
CAUGHLEY, Shropshire h p p blue 1750

Established in by
1750,
.
Brown, taken in 1772
SALOPIAN. Thomas Turner
by .
Crescent marked thus is p blue

often mistaken for J)
arid attributed to
Duesbury of DERBY.
s
CAUUHLEY, Shropshire h p p blue 1750
X ...
TURNER. h p imp 1772

& pot
hp p blue 17
And other numerals thus
treated, to rescmUe
oriental marks p blue J77-
,, (?) Turner, attributed lo
WORCESTER
Rose Sf Co. ... color 1799
CHAM-TILLY, France s p p blue

Also u'ithname and imp
Factories*
CHELSEA.
This factory, established in {he 17th century, acquired

until about 1750, when the modelling and
little celebrity
beauty of the paste rendered its productions equal to

those of any foreign factory.
CHELSEA p imp 174-
p gold 174-
The best quality in gold or rod
'Si/*
A
4
Ti
CHELSEA ... ... s p p gold 1745

And with name in full or red
& imp
CLIGNANCOURT, near Paris ... h&spp color IV "5

This varies very much
" Monogram of the Patron, h p st red

r /v*
f
/r / Louis Stanislas Xavier,
|&
^* ^-> Comte de Provence
M Porcelaine de Monsieur tt f
1780
CoALrORT, or COALBROOK h p p blue 1787
DALE, Shropshire
^wd C. J>aZe ... ... .. .,
18
Factories.
%> COALFORT, or COALBROOK

DALE, Shropshire
hp p blue 18
MX ... ...
Caughley, Swansea, Nant- 1861
garw, united 1821
Voyez. COBRIDGE, Staffordshire ... pot imp 1773
p blue 18-
I COLOGNE, Germany pot ] blut, 1589
RV/c. 16-
o
Factories.
CEIEL. Cm EL, Franco pot imp J7S-

Also with monogram of
Stone-Coquerel and Lc
Gros of Paris
DAMH, Germany h P p blue 17

D ...
DELFT, HOLLAND
Potteries were established here at a very early date;
it is said that fine ware was produced in 1480, nothing
certain is Icnoivn lefore 1614, when a patent ivas granted
to Cla.es Janssen Wytman's,for making porcelain, probably

fine pottery.
DELFT, Holland
The A * PHA De Griekse. A. Mark registered 17G1
J. T. Dextra or Dilcstraat pot p blue
ITD
7
n8 Pottery and Porcelain
DEX DELFT, Holland ... pot p blue 1764
Zoon Dexlra ... 17C5
,, On tyare ttrMTi same pat-
7 terns as that with first

mark
The works were carried on

by Ja r obus Haider
Adriens Zoon in 1765...
(?) Jacobus Haider ,, p bluo

I. H. D. Cornells van Os had the
,,
works in 1767
,, ThoA.XE. DeByl rcg 17G4
Justus Brouwer
Factories.
DELFT, Holland ... pot p blue 1764

Justus Brouwer.
This is also attribuied to
A.Kielle, of the Wliite

Star.
The CLAW. De Klaauw reg 17G4

Lambertus Sanderus.
,, This mark is so varied

"
that it is usually un-
known." It has leen
called The Griffin !
'80
The DOUBLE PITCHER.

DC Dubbelde Schenkkan 17G4
Thomas Spaandonclc...
I 20 Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
,, FORTUNE. T' Fortuyn... pot p blue reg 1'J'J!
tjTUTLl.\
Pieter van der Briel
(A.
., TFccluice i'. d. Uriel
,T. H. F.
Int. Fortuyn.
The GOLDEN BOAT. /H

I. D. A. 1704
vergulde Boot
tier
Johannes der Appel
,,
TLc GOLDEN FLOWERPOT
De De vergulde blompot ...
P. Verberg
Factories. 12.1
j DELFT, Holland
The HART. T' Hart ... pot p blue rcg 17G4
HVMD ,, Hendrik van Middeldijk
MP The METAL POT

De Metaale Pot
Lartibertus ...
1639
Clejjfius
Pietcr Paree 1704
The old MOOB'S HEAD ...

In V oude Moriaans Hojft
Geertruy Verstelle
Tbe young MOOR'S HEAD

E. B. S. Tjongue Moriaans Hofft
Widow of Picler Jan
v. d. Hagen
Probably a mark of one or

other of these factories p color
The PEACOCK. De Paaaw pblae .. 1G51
Jacobus de Milde >, 17C1

DELFT, Holland
7=' Jacobus de Milde pot [i
blue 17C1
twn
(?) Cornells Boumeester
,,
The PORCELAIN BOTTLE reg 17G4
De Porceleyne Fles
Pieter van Doorne ...
The PORCELAIN PLATTER

De Porceleyne Sclwotel
.,
Johannes van Duyn ...
, t
Tlte EOMAN
PVM De Romeyn
Petrus van Merum
Factories. 123
DELFT, Holland
,, JanvanderKlootJanzcon pot p blue 1764
/oo7; thejactory
The EOSB ... ieg!7G4

De Roos
Dirfe van der Does
The THREE BELLS

De drie klokken
W. van der Does
This varies so much

that it is often
" unknown "
Doubtful
I2 4 Pottery and Porcelain
DELFT, Holland
,, The THREE PORCELAIN rel7(M
BOTTLES De drle Par-
cel eyrie fleschjes
Hufjo Brouwer ... pot p blue

FB ,, ,,
Hooren. The THREE PORCELAIN

BARRELS De drie Por-
celeyn aslonnen
Hendrick van Hoorn ... ,,
The Two SHIPS ...
De twee Sheepjes
Ant. Pennis ... ... ,, , ,,
7? ,,
The Two WILD MEN ... ; ..
DC twee wildemans
Widow of Willem van ,.
WVB ,,
Beek
The WATER CA:T ... -.
De Lampetkan
W (dow of Gerardus Brouwer
L P Kan
Factories. 125
DELFT, Holland
The WHITE STAB reg 17G4
De ivitie stcr
AK- pot p brie
/t/C
As J
fi^t^r variations
(?)FancZrJ,osc/ J774
,. Beryliem
DELFT, Holland
Isaalc Lrouwer plMue 1750
,,
(?) Van der Does
Van Dammelar
LVj (?)
Suter van der Even 1580
V
so attributed
Ifartmus -eg 1G75
^Infoni Ter Hwnpelin color 1650

Factories. 12
\
DELFT, Holland
Q. Kleynoven p blue re^f 1680
IfK Jan Kuylicli the younger
UK
J-ff
r
Johannes Mesch
Bf
Cornells Keyser
*i -
.
Jacobus Pynalcer and

Adrien Pynaker
DELFT, Holland
,, Keyset* 4* Pynal:er p blue xG80
,, Jan Steen 1650
,, Samuel Piet Roerdcr I

color
" Willem van der Velde .., 1660
Abraham Verboom 1680
*r
Piet iseer ... .. 1769
(?) Philip Wouvermans .. 15-

Factories- 129
DELFT, Holland
AVIf
T>7M. UNKNOWN MARKS p co1 or 1773
2l>
1173
pblufe
6-JVC p rea
G")&
'779
71
(?) In 7 p bl**
HX2-
DELFT, Holland
xw UNKNOWN MARKS p blue
., (?) Jan Kuylich
KVK f blue 1731
MVC p oolor
4
p bine
On ware painted in the p red 17

style of Majolica. An
imitation of a Savona
mark-
Factories..
4#
PEHBY.
Founded in 1751, ly W. Duesbury, who, in 1770, pur-

chased the Chelsea Works, and, in 1781, removed the
moulds and models to Derby; also Bow, 1770.
DERBY ... .. s p p red 1756
Duesbury.
DERBY CHELSEA ... ... s p p gold 1770

or red
Later in lilac, then in red p gold 177-
CROWN DERBY ... ... h p p red 1780

Also without the dots or violet
with monogram D K
Duesbury and Kean ... ,, ., 1798
-
Also with in old English
type ^ 1780
Factories. 133
DEJIBY
,, In imitation of the Sevres h p p red or 1798
mari violet
, ,
In imitation of the Chinese p blue
A ,, Probably
mark
a workman* t M
& imp
And in oval h p pr color [ 183g
Stevenson $ Hancock ... lip p color 186-
Joshua Heath. Cockpit Hall pot imp 1760
DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy 9 p p color 1735

Various star marks
imp &
p gold
'34 Pottery and Porcelain
GINORI. DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy... n I> imp 1735

The founder's name
The Capo di Monti mould*
were transferred here
about 1821
DRESDEN, SAXONY.
The first European Porcelain manufactory, established
by Augustus II. in 1709, under the management of
fiottjer.
<3> DRESDEN, Saxony

C/PO ,, Augustus Rex, founder ... hp p blue 1709
The Caduceus (sale mark) 1712

to 1720
Bottger ware about 1718
And other square marks

in imitation oj oriental
factories. '35
, {Saxony... hp p blue 1720
Herold, manager
1720
1730
,, 'Brulil, manager
17-
Alcissen porzeilen manu*

faclur. A'so without
the words.
DEES DEN, Saxony... p p blio 17
Early mark
Sachsiche porzellen mami- 1750
factur
Konigliche porzellen manu- 17-

factur
x 1770
,, Harcolini, manager ... 9,

I79G
On white porcelain (per- l>

blue
X fect), for sale. scratched

through
XX ,, On imperfect pieces
Factories, 137
DRESDEN, Saxony... b p p blao 17

Un 'imperfect pieces scratched
through
,, On faulty table goods
A modern imitation of p blue 18
early mark & imp
ELBOGEN, Bohemia ... h p imp 1810
see Wedgwood
Wedgwood$Co FERRYBRIDGE, near TJurslcm ,,
& pot
FLORENCE, Italy .., * p p color 1580
This varies very much
,, The arms of the Medici 15
family. Rare marie.
FEANKENTHAL, Bavaria ... hp p bltto 1754

The arms of. Hannong
of Strasbourg, removed
here, 1753.
Paul Hannong ...
Also J. A. H. in monogram
t
& pot fc in/
Carl Theodore, patron ... hp p blue 1761
p blue 17G3
FULDA, Germanv ...
Furstlick Fuidaisch to 17SO

Factories. 139
t FULDA, Germany
On figure?..
... h p p blue 17G3
FURSTENBEEG, Germany h p p blue 170
,, The F varies very much...
GERA h p p blue 1780
GOT u * b p p blue 175-
R. ,, Rotheribcrg, the founder
GROSBREITENBACH h p p r-olor 1770
Sometimes a mere flourish

1
4o Pottery ana Porcelain
HAGUE (THE), Holland ... hp p blue 177-
J Stork the Arms oj ihe

Town
HALDENSTEBEN, ALT, Germany hp imp 17
HANLEY
E. Mayer. pot imp 177-
Lakin fy Poole.
Shorthose.
1776
NEALE & Co. U79
J. MEIGH & Also Heigh . 173-

SONS.
NEELD. In imitation of Wedgwood 178

Factories. 141
J. Keeling. HANLEY pot imp 179-
Eastwood. W. Baddeley
Shorthose Sf 18
Heath.
T. SNEYD,
HANLEY.
Mason's
Ironstone Lane Delph, near ... ,, pr color 1813
China.
HERCULANEUM see LIVEKPOOL.
HEREND. HEREND, Hungary hp p blue 1800

Also Shield $ Crown of
Austria, fy Shield %
Crown of Hungary.
Maurice Fischer ... 1839
HESSE CASSEL, Germany ... h p p blue 1763
HESSE DARMSTADT, Germany h p p blue 1756
H)
HILDERSHEIM, Germany hp p blue 1760
HOCHST, near Mayence, Germany h p p gold 1720

The arms of the Archbish'm & color
of Maymce
Dahl pot p color 1791
D &hp
KiEETb
KIEF. Russia pot p color 178-
\S
n ^ KIEL, Denmark ... pot p gold 177-
3T Bu.chwald, Director or color

Abr. Leihamer fecit
fitd Also K. T. G ...
T KORZEC, Poland ... ... h p p blue 1803

,, The mark varies very much,
and is sometimes usea
with the name
KREUZEN, Germany pot p color 1610

Caspar Vest to 1GOO
Hans Christoplie Vest
Factories. 1
43
J. Lockett. LANE END or LONGTON, pot imp 17

Staffordshire
TURNER. 1762
B. Plant. 177-
T. Harley,
pot & imp 1809
Lane Lnd.
hp
Maf 4 Newld Ncwbold imp & 18
1
Mayer Sf
pr color
Bailey $ pot imp - 18
Batlcin.
LEEDS LEEDS
TT'irTia
POTTERY. ' pot imp 177(?
p color
Also with name, Hartley, imp

Green $ Co.
UlU LILLE, France pot p oobr 1711
Dorez j, 174-
D is also found on soft paste.
17
1
LILLE, France pot p color 1729

F. Boussemart.
Petit 1778
Patron, The Dauphin ... h p stcn & 1784
Leperre Duroo. p red
I LIMBACH, Saxe meiningen ... hp p red 17G1
p gold
p coicr
LIMOGES, France ... h p p red 1773

Factories. H5
J.p
Davenport. LONGPORT pot imp 1793
LONGPORT. J. Davenport pr red
A blurred impression of
" ^ war& is read Liver-
imp
pool in mistake for

Davenport..
]
r blue 1S05
17GO
Phillips.
LOOSDRECHT, near Amsterdam, bp p bine 1772

Holland
Manufactur oude Loos-
drecht. Moll, director
LOWESTOFT ... ... s*hp ,, 175-

No mark used by factory
I/UDWIGSBURG, Wiirtemberg h p p blue 1758

Tnitial of Duke Charles,
yi.rf
X sometimes used with-

out the crown
Factories
! LUDWIGSBURG, Wiirtembcrg h p p blue 1758

This form is also attributed
to Madrid
An antler from ihe arms ,.
of Wilrtemberg or red
Also W. R. ... p blue 1C06

TR to 1818
LUXEMBOURG, Belgium pot p color. 180G

. Boch, Director &lip
B.1 E
MADRID -see BUEN EETIRO.
MALTA ... pot imp 18
MARANS, France ... ... pot p color 1740

Jean Pierre Roussencq
MARIEBERG, Sweden ... pot p colo* 1750
u/ vi/
& s p
MARIEBEEG, Sweden pot p color 17*
Ehrenreich. & s p
. c.
V
c c
>
MARSEILLES, France pot p color 1777

Also with C. S.
Savy pr .,
Veuve Pernn p black 17CO
B lionnefoy ., p color 1769
hp p black 1777
&pot
Factories. 149
MEISSEN, near Dresden, Saxony pet imp 17
Boltger
DV MENECY VILLEROT,
Dulce of Villeroy
France... op p color
& inc
1735
MIDDLESBOROUGH, Yorkshire pot p blue 18
20, the pattern mark imp
MONTET, Franco ... pot imp 18
Laurjorois, manager
MONTPELLIER, France pot imp 18

Le Vouland
MONTREUIL, sous bois, Franco h p p blue 18

Tinet
TAPKHEPt Moscow, Russia ... hp p color 17

A. Gardner
5
o Pottery and Porcelain
Moscow, Russia ... li p p color 1830

nonoBbi -4. Popo/.
7* ) 91
,, F. G. Fabrica Gospodina h p imp 18
(The factory of our & pot color

I^AHHA
Lady) Galena
MOUSTIEKS, Franco 1686

e Olery p color 172-
,, Feraud pot p color 173-
Guichard ,, stcn in
Also the G only dots
NANTGARW. NANTQARW, AVales h p imp & 1813

color
Factories.
NAPLES. See CAPO DI MONTI.
NEVERS, France ... pot p color 15
,, Jacques Bourdv 3) It
1602
,, Denis Lefebvre II >t 1636
,, Henri Borne >5 S>
Jacques Scigne
,, Francois Rodrigue 1730
,
Tile mstori ... 1850
I C2 Pottery and Porcelain
NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE ... pot imp 18
NIEDEBVILLER,. near Stras- hp p blue 1760
bourg France
1
,
& pot
Baron de Beyerle", the
founder
X General de Custine ... 1786
,, And other varieties oj the ,,
coronet
,, Lanfray, director ... fiten 1802
xmp
NIMES, France 183-

PBC ...
PLantier Boncourant #
...
Co.
pot
Nove NOVE, Italy h p p gold 1750
NOVE
*
Factories.
NOVE. Italy h p p gold 175

or color
NUREMBURG, Germany ... pot imp 155(
Ham Kraut ... ... p blue 1578
,, George Liebolt 1667
NYMPHENBERG, Bavaria b p imp 1753

The arms of Bavaria
,, p blue ,,
NYON, Switzerland ... ,, 1790
Pierre Mulhausen, painter >}

18-
VA
Factories. '55
I
PARIS, France ... ... h p p color 1773
Gros
^yV_
,, Advenir Lamarre
H P. A. Hannong 1773
A Porcelaine de la Reine ... f red 1778
Lelxeuf. Marie Antoinette, : n

patroness
Housel took the factory ... 1799
Guerhard p rod 1780

Due d'Angouleme, patron
Manuf"- de
MM"- ,,
Also the names in full
Guerliard et
together and separate.
liihl a Paris-.
Nast h p &t red 1783

Dagoty. PARIS, France Dagoty ... hp ji ret. 179-
Feuillet Feuillet ...
& J. Petit ... ... h p {.

blue 1790
Clianou ... red 1784
Schlossmacher M v gold 187-
PERKENHAMMER, near Carlsbad, hp j> color 1802
F&R Austria
Fischer & Reichembach
PlNXTON ... ... Sp 1794

*
P 80 attributed, but the
factory had no acknow-

ledged marks.
I Pi/! MOUTH h p p blue 176-

The sign of Jupiter
Factories. 157
PLYMOUTH ... ... h p p blue 176-

Probably Jupiter carelessly
pencilled
... ... h p p blue 1770
Doubtful 17
POPPLESDORF, Germany pot imp 176-
QUIMPER. imp 1809

Hubaudiere.
EA'IWNSTEIN, Germany ... hp p blue 1760
REUENSBERU or RATISBON ... hp p bluo 17
Germany
REGENSBERG, cr RATISBON, bp p bit . 17-
k Germany
EOCKINGHAM See SWINTON
f ROUEN, France ... pot p color
I ,, A great many initials are
?A given by
as Rouen marks
pr
fD
EUDOLSTADT, Germany ... hp jicoior 1758
X Hay fork,
Arms of
part of the
ftchwa'ftzberg
Factories,
UUDOLSTADT, Germany ... h p p color 1758
SAINTES, FRANCE.
Bernard PaU?sy settled here about 1538 and after
unceasing efforts succeeded in producing the well-Known
pottery called by his name

SAINTES, France pot inc
So attributed
ST. AMAND, France ... puC, p 1750

Fauquez, director.
ST. CLOUD, b''ranc*> ... s p imp 1702
J. B. Chicanneau ... pot p bluo 1700
,, When patronised by the king ,, 1702

&sp to 1715
ST. CLOUD, France pot <fc

p J715
sp
Trou, director 1730
ST. PETERSBURG, iiussis h p p bluo 174 1
Cc 17G-
6 Catherine 11 17C2
8
rtrt
ft Made
Paul
for the Palace bv
Korniloffe
^n p color 1736
Factories. 161
ST. PETERSBURG, Russia hp p color 1801

Alexander I.
-4
Nicholas!. ...
BPATKEBT*
Brothers Korneloffski 1827
KopHMAOBblXTi
,, Alexander II, 1855
ST. SAMSON, France pot imp 183-
SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE, Franco s p inc 1750
sx ^ZsoSP. to 1760
Due de Penthievre. Lord

High Admiral, patron pot p bluo 1751
^L^
sp 1753
Sceaux. J.792
SCHAFFHAUSEN, Germany pot p coior 1560

Tobias Slimmer.
SCHLAKENWALD, Austria hp 1800
SEVEES, FBANCE.
This Factory was removed from Vincennes in 1756.
and, under the patronage of Madame de Pompadour
became the most celebrated in Europe. The soft past*
vases, etc., are now invaluable, owing to their form, colour,
and artistic decoration.
SEVRES, France.
,, Royal period. Sometimes s p p blue 1753
with crown. The letter
indicates the year. See
TabU.
Hard paste first made J7C8
Republic h &sp colov 1792
And name only ...
National Manufactory ... h p st red 1803
Marlz 1804. See Table.
1806
Imperial Manufactory ...
tfe Sevres
Factories. 163
SEVRES, France ... h p p red 1810
Imperial Manufactory. stcn

& imp
Louis XVIIL p blue 1814

Dated with ttie year of
the century.
Charles X. ... 1824
25"
,, On plain ware 1829
,,
On decorated ware
JO
Louis Philippe. From 1830
Sevres August to Decemler.

30
1830, to November, 1831 p color

I SEVRES, France ... h p p blue 1334

Louis Philippe
With the ahom imp or 1833
pr color
pr green 1848
Republic to 1851 p red

On decorated ware.
Napoleon III. , Emperor hp pr color 1852
The raarat- h & 1854
facture of soft paste was s p

revived 1854.
The scratch marks the piece m pr green 1861
as undecorated.
Factories.
SEVBES.-TABLE OF DATES.
AA
Factories. .67
|
SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.
/*'* Chapui?, aine ... Flowers, Birds, etc.

SEVRES. Initials and Monograms

^^ of Decorators, <$c.
*~F* Fontaine ... Flowers.

Factories. 169
XA
/#
Factories. 171
? 1
SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.

Schadre ... ... Birds and Landscapes.
Sinsson ... ... Flowers.
Swebach ... Landscapes, etc.
Bineb ... ... Flowers.
Vande ... ... Gilding and Flowers.
Mde. Gerard . . Flowers and Borders.
Hilken ... ... Pastoral Subjects.
Vavasseur . . .
Arabesques
Grison ... ... Gilding.
Micaud ... ..
Flowers, Vases
Bouillat ... Landscapes and Flowers
Joyau ... ... Detached Flowers.
UNKNOWN.
Figure subjects, finely painted.
Do. do.
On fine ware, with other marks.

Factories. '73
SEVRES. Maries of Decorators,
Buteux, pere ... Flowers and trophies.
?
#
Factories.
5
6
9-
SEVRES. Marks of Decorators, i^c.
Noel ... Flowers, medallions.
Choisy ... . . . Flowers trophies

,
.
Aubert ... ... Flowers.
Martinet . . .
The lest Painters, fyc., are n Italics.
SHELTON pot pr color 1820

New Hall Works 1842
and name Hackwood.
1685
M 8. ,
Miles
imp 17
ASTBTJBT. ,,
E. & J. ,, Baddeley 1750

BADDELEY
I. & G. Bell Works 177-
RlDGWAY. lo 1816
to 1854
J. & W. E.
p color 1733
Sincheny. SINCENY, France pot
Factories. '77
SINCENT, France pot p color 177-
Joseph le Cerf.
,, Moulin 1864
SPODE. STOKE-UPON-TllENT pot imp 1770

h p p red
,, Minton ,, p color 179-
On best h p p gold 185

or color
pr blue 18
Porcelar
,, Gopeland. Copeland $ pr color 185-
Garrett, 1833. Cope-

land, late Spode, 1847.
STBASBOUBG, Germany ... pot p blue 17
Hannong removed to & h p

Frankenthal, 1754.
.78 Pottery and Porcelain
STRASBOURG, Germany . ... pot p blue 17
M. & hp
,, J. Hannong. Paid ,,
Hannong.
PHILLIPS &Co SUNDERLAND pot pr color 1780

Sunderland Pottery.
DIXON & Co. 1805
MOORE & Co.

,, Wear Pottery 1*>-
SOUTH WARE.
SWANSEA n p p color 178-
SWANSEA.
X
SWANSEA And trident only
imp 18
And with name, Dyllwyn

SWANSEA.
4- Co. sten rod 181-
h p pr red 17
<M SWINTON, Eockingham
The Eockingham
...
Crest.
First used about 1824.
Brameld, maker.
Factories. 79
BF.AJHELD, SWINTON, Buckingham h p pr red 1807

&pot
TOULOUSE, France pot p color 1820
Fouque, Arnoux et Cie.
TOUKNAY, Franco ... sp p blue 175-

Tour aux oiseaux. Also
a potter's kiln.
V gold
or blue
TOURS, France h p p blue 184-

Victor Avisseau.
BOOTH. TUNSTALL pot imp 1750

And name in full Enoch
Booth.
CHILD. 17(53
A. $E. Keeling. 1770
VV. ADAT\IK. 1780

i8o Pottery and Porcelain
TURIN, Italy ... ... h p imp 1770
Vineuf, Dr. Gioanetti.
UZES, France pot 18-

Francois Pichon.
VAL sous MEUDON, France. 179-
Mittenhof $ Mourot. & pr
t* VABAQES pot p black

or red
1730
VENICE, Italy h p p red 17
Ven? or blue
CM ,,
Giovanni Mar cone s p p gold
or color
17
hp p rod 1765
p blue 1774
VIENNA, Austria ... ...
The shape of the shield or imp

varies.
Factories. 181
VINCENNES, France s p p ?olor 17
s The Tower varies.
9> Hannong li p 178-
fJSTS'\/l\f VILLENGEN, Nuremberg 15-

n-/L.l/yVj Hans Kraut.
cSv VOLKSTADT, Germany hp 17G2
VOISONLIEU, France pot s-t 1839

Jean Ziegler. & imp
WEDGWOOD. WEDGWOOD, Burslem and pot imp 175-

Etruria. A hp 1770
Wedgwood.
imp 17G8
to 1780
WORCESTER
This Factory was established, in 1751, by Dr. Wall and

others. The invention of transfer printing on porcelain is
attributed to Dr. Wall, but is also claimed for Sadler, of
Liverpool, and Dr. Pott, of Berlin.

or gold
Dr. Wall
Imitation of Chinese marks p blue

or red
Many marks are found in p p blue 17-
this style, in imitation or red
of Oriental.
Factories. 183
WORCESTER p p blue 17
X Imitation Dresden marks or red
c Flight
and name on<v
ft
p \) blue 178.
tfipfit
Flight $ Barr 1793
,, Barr h p inc 1793
Barr, Flight $ Ban ... imp 1807

Also FEB. and names
in full.
1
84 Pottery and Porcelain Factories.
WORCESTER ... ... h t> pr 18
,, And Chamberlains only. 178-

., Grainger, Lee $ Co. ... 1800
,, Richard Holdship. A .
p color 175-
Duorator's mafic. He
RI also ivorkedfor Derby.
WURZBUKG, Bavaria ... ,, p blui 17
ibsolom Yam. YARMOUTH ... pot

^ .Z?,.. orator, also wit''
name inj.^.
ZURICH, Switzerland hp ,)blue 1759
W.C.P.
Oriental. 1 8
ORIENTAL MARKS.
CHINA.
CHINESE porcelain is said to date from about a century before the
Christian era ;
their pottery is of the greatest antiquity, and, like the
porcelain, is of every quality. The oldest example that can now be

obtained is of the Ming period, though,the marks could be relied on,
if
there are many pieces of the 10th century still to be found, but marks
are so easily imitated, and Chinese potters are so fond of reproducing
old patterns withmarks complete, that very little reliance can be placed
upon them. The best periods of the manufacture of porcelain during
the Ming dynasty, were
Yun ^ 10 " 1403 to 1424
Seuen-tih ... 1426 1435
Ching-hwa 14C5 1487
Kea-tsing 1522 15G6
Wan-leih ... 1573 1G19
Egg Shell" ware was first made in the Yung-lo period.

The euen-th was famous for all sorts of coloured ware.
1 86 Pottery and Porcelain.
The Ching-hwa produced the best ware and the finest

decoration. This mark commands larger prices in Europe
-f- H 7 than any other. The dark rich blue of the Kea-tching and
the white granulated surface of the Wan-leili, are very
"
choice. Old blue China," or Nankin ware, is from the Im-
perial factories at King-te-chin a town of potters named after King-'e,
the Emperor, who first patronized the manufactory in 1004-1007. The
ware bore the "six mark" dates until 1667, when they were forbidden
by an edict from the governor of the province, lest any piece being
broken, the Emperor's name might be profaned by being carelessly
thrown on the dust heap. This blue ware was made by direction of the
Emperor, who ordered it to be of the colour of the sky after the winter
rains.
The marks on Chinese work are seldom either Factory or Painter's

marks. M. Stanislas Julien gives the mark of a potter of the Wan-leih
period, named Hao-chi-lihieoii, who excelled in writing verses and in
painting he appears to have taken religious vows and lived in retire-
;
, ^, -^ ment; his mark is Ou-in-tao-jin. Ou, the hermit. M.

" six " sold
iPf H?. Jacquemart mentions a mark," by Pei-tcliing,
made by Kien-ki." Some of those given are no doubt
AH5? In3\ makers' names as San-yuh, Mountain of Gems but the ;
marks most commonly found are in four or six characters, and denote
the date of the manufacture.
The "six mark" may be made out from the table of dates without
much trouble, except from badly formed characters, handwriting being
as varied in China as elsewhere.
Chinese writing is arranged in columns commencing at tne right,
reading downwards. If in a horizontal line it reads from right to left.
Oriental,
The first and second characters of the " six mark " show
woo- TA TA
the dynasty, thus :

' the third and fourth, the peri od
EN- MING
C E
/t ( n en haou), name of the years; the fifth signifies
'e
| "ifc
/
!qpl year,
and the sixth
J||
made thus, Ta-Ming, Hung-
:
woo, neen che. Great Ming (illustrious) dynasty, Hung-

KEEN SEUEN-TA
woo, years; made. 13G8 to 1398. Or arranged thus, Ta.
Ming, Seuen-tth, neen, che. Made in the Seuen-tih period
of the Ming dynasty. 1426 to 1435.
CHE-TiH-MING
The next example is
Ta Ts'hing, Yung-ching, neen, die, Great Ts'hing (pure)
*'
dynasty Yung-ching period. 1723 to 1735. The four
mark " is more troublesome, as it does not give the
dynasty it necessitates a search through the whole list of
dates ;
it is read in the same order, thus :
King-till
neen, che, made in the King-tih period, about 1004 to
1007.
The square marks called the Imperial Seal, which have
been in use from the beginning of the last century, are
read in the same way; they are written in an archaic
character that is only understood by antiquaries, and
are usually very badly done. In the list given, from the
best examples that could be obtained, it will be seen that
the second, fifth and sixth, which should be alike in all, vary
first,
considerably; "four mark" seals are also given which show similar
variations.
Dates are also written thus : Wan-leih pah r>&n che.

\
Wan-leih eighth year, made 1580.
4
All these may be known as dates by the last characters,
Ween year and che, to make, form or fashion.
* ;
Sometimes another character is used, Neen tsaou, made

*E or make.
Ta Ming-she-heen, made in the time of the Great Ming

government. An example was found that probably read
thus but it was too confused to be read with certainty
: ;
the piece waa modern ware.
Ta Ming neen che, made in the years of the Great Ming.
This is also to be found, but is probably a modern mark.
Another mode of dating is by the cycle of sixty years,

but as only the year of the cycle is given it does not
identify the period.
24th year ... ... p blue

Oriental.
One example was written thus-

Woo shin necn chc, 5th year p blue
The first column is called the ten celestial stems, and

the second the twelve terrestrial branches. The twelve
"branches" are the Chinese Zodiac: The Rat, Bull,
Tiger, Eabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Sheep, Monkey,
Cock, Dog and Boar. The ten " stems " are double
characters they are allied to the five Chinese elements
; :
Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth. This system is

also used in Japan and Siam. The 76th cycle commenced
in 1864.
if "
53
If ft
OPT
57
The most interesting of these dates is that used in

the year 1721, Yew sin-choiv ne'^n che. Made
in the Sin
chow year again (recurring). The Emperor Kang-he
came to the throne in the 38th year of the 68th cycle,
and died in 1722. He therefore had reigned for a whole
5 cycle on the recurrence of the 38th year in 1721, an
event unexampled in Chinese history.
m In a later example the date is given both by the year

of the Emperor, and the year of the cycle.
T'hung-cJie sJuh urh necn. Kwci yew, 12th year of

T'hung-che. 10th year of cycle = 1874. The llth
year also commences in 1874.
DATES.
TA MING Dynasty Seuen-te .. 1426
ISA * 1436
Ching-t'hung
Hung- woo 1368
King-tae ... 1150

Keen-wan 1399
* T'heen-shun 1457
Yung-lo 1403
'
Ching-hwa ... 14G5

Hung-he
* Some authorities reverse these two periods they both
belong to the Emperor Yung Ching,
who was taken
held captive for seven yearf.
prisoner by the Tartars, and
Oriental. 191
$&
T'huvg-che ... 1861
m
IMIIII
$IDJ
Kang-he ... 1662
Four Characters.
Ching-hwa... 14;^
Probably a forgery .
11 Yung-ching 1723
Shun-che ... 1641
Keen-lung ... 1736
Zeen-Zttnflr ... 1736
Kea-king ... 1796 Taou-ku-ang 1822
i j/ Han-fung ... 1851

loP!
Taou-kwang 1822
1*5.1
Thung-che... 1861
fl Two Characters-
luuii!
Han-fung ... 1851 Name only.
r/mnsr-c/tc... 186!
Oriental. 193
BAT.
Fuh, used as a synonym for happiness.
DRAGON,
With five claws, is an Imperial emblem, with four, of
the blood royal, and with three, of the nobility.
Lung-
fung, a dragon and a phoenix (divine bird of felicitous
omen), was a mark of the Scuen-to period, 1426 to H35.
FISH.
The two fish, an emblem of domestic felicity, is a

mark usually found on old blue or Nankin ware it is ;
one of the earliest known, from 969 to 1106. Cups with

handles in the form of- a red fish are of the Scucn-tc
period.
FLOWER.
Many varieties of this mark are found in blue and also
in colours. A sesamuin flower painted under the foot of
a vase, &c., is a mark of Tou-chcou, 969 to 1106.
The Che plant, a kind of fungus, used as an emblem
of longevity.
Pottery ana Porcelain.
Emblem of longevity.
(?) Bat and peach.
(?) The lotus.
Hoa, a small flower p vnted inside a cup, is a mark of the
Yung-lo period, 14-3 to 1424. It signifies pleasure in
a vicious sense.
FLY,
Or Butterfly, ia found on old " Nankin."

Oriental. '95
GRASS.
Tho " grass mark" is probably a water plant. About

A.D. 960some such mark was used to denote ware of the
best quality.
INSCRIPTIONS.
A great variety are to be met with on old porcelain,
often in the place where the European mark is found.
Some are compliments and good wishes; others are in
praise of the articles inscribed many are quotations from
;
the poets and classical authors of all ages. These last are
not exemplified.
Tsew, wine. Small white cups thus marked were used by

the Emperor Kea-tsing, 1522 to 15G6.
Keen, rectitude. Mark of an early period, said to be on

articles sent to disgraced Mandarins.
Show, long life. This is a common Oriental compliment,

" and occurs
May you live for ever," oftcner
than any other character. It has many variations ;
sometimes a piece of pottery or porcelain is marked

" the
with a hundred or more j these are called
hundred sliow."
Varieties of Show. Longevity.
/*y _>_^%
ffl
\/
jj flm
\7
03 M
\y
i
OS)
\Jy \/
I /)If\
\/
CT3 jii /ffiil
/03\ AIA
if?
* in
m m *
m iiFr^ t
\/
va/
^
* /s\
.fj
(il
Oriental. 197
Show, is also drawn in circular, oval and elongated forms.
In ^/tow; this form is known as the spider mark.
m Happiness, divine protection, felicity.
different ways.
Also written in many
II
ii mm m
Luh Prosperity, wealth, great pos-

( sessions
m A, and
found together.
Prosperous.
Kc'ih Felicity, good luck.

|
Jade, a gem, beautiful, precious, valu-
able, &c. , known as the F mark, being
31 ^
I often indistinct, and like that letter.
Wan / Literature. On articles made for use of
I literarymen,therulingclass of Cliina.
Hing Exalted, highly esteemed.
DP (?) Ke A vessel, vase, ability, capacity.
Paou Precious, valuable.
Ting Perfect.
Shun Elegant.
Oriental. 199
Koo Antique.
Shing Holy.
Tsuen Complete, perfect, a name.
King Good, excellent, congratulations.
Ch'ha Name.
The five blessings : which are long life,
riches, health, the love of virtue, and

a natural death.
Precious or valuable jade.
Yuh chin Jade of great value pearl of great

; price.
/ This is an example of the way marks

I are usually written.
Wan yuh Kare jade.

2OO Pottery and Porcelain.
( A precious rarity.
Chin ivan
A valuable curiosity.
Veritable jade. Chin
An elegant rarity. Yew wan

Great prosperity,felicity
or good fortune.
Western jade. The best
)
jade comes to China > /% yuh
from the West. )
A pivot, and the most

polite expression for
m Choo foo
the house of another.
Palace of the centre
of the universe mark
used 1260-1367.
Keang Cang Ginger preserved in syrup.
Inexpressibly precious. Paoushing
A fruit (colled dates, by
Europeans) in syrup
Tsaou, fang Choiv Chow. Both
marks of the Kea-
tsing period, 1 522-66.
The arrival of friends. Yew lae
Tung gan Name imp on old ware.

Red olive cinnamon. "1
The Tcwei is a me- I
Tan Jcwei
taphor for literary f
honours.
Yung ching Name p blue on old ware.
Oriental. 201
Trr . , , . f Made to multiply (or increase the stock

L J v
Wei foo china \
I of) veined jasper.
"HALL" MARKS.
There has been some uncertainty as to the exact
meaning of the word tang, but Mr. Franks has ascer-
tained thatit means the name of the establishment at
which the specimens so marked were made.
Jin ho kwan Hall of brotherhood and peace.
Lull e tang Waving bamboo hall.
/ Hall for the honourable reception of

tang ) those who have gone before.
I Hall of ancestors.
Kheytih
Made at the Hall of rare jade.
tang die
Tsae jun
Made at the Hall of brilliant colours.
tang che
2O2 Pottery and Porcelain.
CVmw/ tih \
|"
Made at the Hall of virtuous research.
tang die }
*
Made at the Hall of f
advantage.
ll
Ulade at the Hall 01
\e
f the jewelled girdle.
1'***"*
Made at the Hall off
abundant jade. (^ tang die
t* Tze tze
tang die
\
J
Madc ftt the Hall of the
violet embroidery.
Ta sh
Made at the Hall
ofj
the great tree.
( tang die
King v-ei }
Made at the Hall of wor-
sni P ant^ veneration.
tang die J
Yan9 ho
Made at the encourage- j
inentof harmony Hall. \ tang die

Ming \
Full Tlie illustrious Fo's (or Buddha) hall of au-
dience or prayer.
9 Yue
Tang
Oriental. 203
Beautiful vase (or excellent vessel) of the
kca ke jade hall the Academy.
Shin till
Made at the Hall of the cultiva-
tion of virtue.
tang che
Antique made at sJiin till tang
R
^
the Shin lih \
Hall. J & boo che
Tseushunmei )
f Made at the Hall of beautiful jade.

yuh tang che )
flfe C Imitation of antiques made

King tSen tang at the King
Men named
&, fang koo che ( ^^ Hall, after a distinguished
FfiU
Fuh kwci
Wealth, honours, and a long spring time,
.^. or lasting youth.
chang chun
^ F*h ku ci '
Wealth, honours,
and long life,
j Mng ming
cj
Teen kican
May heaven confer happiness.
tsze fall
wan
Wonderful precious stone, resembling
a jewel.
jou
A gem rare as jade.
Ching yew The elegant collections of the Holy

tsc'ih
Friends.
ya
Pokoo For the learned in antiquities, a valu-

chin wan able curiosity.
J/L*
Wan yuh Elegant, perfect and precious ting, or
metal vase used for burning joss
paou ting stick or incense.
Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the

Wan shang Great Bear.' Compliment comparing
the recipient to the mountain Tae Shan
Shan tow
and the north pole or star, Pih tow.
Mei yuh Made for the connoisseur of beautiful
ya che jade.
Nan chuen
The elegant jade of Nan chuen.
kin yuh
Oriental. 205
>/l\ t/ffl
2O6 Pottery and Porcelain.
Yung cliing
Made for the service of Yung ching.
yu die }
Leen cliing \
(?) Name.
khe how )
&J6 Jo shin
Deep like a treasury
of ems "
chintsangf
This mark is of frequent occurrence, but is usually

very indistinct.
Keih tscang
As fortunate as you can desire.
JOU C }
Khe she paou \

\
A gem among
,
precious vessels of rare

stone '
tiny che chin }

Oriental. 207
1 A gem among precious vessels of rare

J acle '
ting die chin J
Chung
yeumei^ For thfl possessor of a true and faitllful
?
w
/& iia -he I
near t this elegant gem was made.
Showpc nan shan, Long life as south mountain.
Fou jou tung hai, Happiness similar east sea.
Nan-shan is a mountain in Fong-lfiesang-foii. The in-

scription may be read, May you live to be as old as
the hills, and your happiness be as great as the sea
is wide.
LEAF.
The leaf mark is very common on
pieces of every period ;
probably a leaf of the artemisia, an emblem of good

augury.
I
Oriental. 209
RABBIT,
moon, found on old Nankin ware,
or Hare, sacred to the
an emblem of longevity.
SACRED AXE,
so called, probably the symbol Fuh embroidered on
it is
the Emperor's sacrificial robes ; perhaps an equi-

valent for Full, Happiness.
SHELL,
a Buddhist emblem, A shell was lent by the Government
to the ambassadors to Loochoo, to ensure them a
prosperous voyage.
SQUARE.
Faon. Precious, valuable.
Kwo, National or Governmental.
Te shan, name.
Shan yiih or Shan wang, name.
On old ware, dragon pattern.

I
Found on old Nankin ware ;

imitated by factories of
Europe.
Maker or decorator's mark. Called House marks by the

Chinese.
Le Chih, name.
Oriental. 211
Chung-kith she The Chung-kuh family.
Fou kwci \ Beautiful vase for the wealthy and

kea Ice or '> noble or wealth, honours, and a
;
wong Jce vast intellect or rapacity.

j
Ling Chang
Made by Ling Chang-tsee.
tsee tsaou
Chin chow
Valuable (vase) to explain the future.
she ts-uen
Jo shin
Deep like a treasury of gems.
chin tsang
Made by (or for) the lord of the Heac

Heae chuh bamboos. Heae is the name of the
place where Ling Lun, minister of

choo jin tsam the fabulous Emperor Hwang Ti, cut
bamboos to form musical instruments.
Tsun Chin Name.

Examples of marks on Canton ware, of recent date

' ' "
possibly to represent the Imperial Seal.
12345 SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS.
Pa-paou. The eight precious things.
Pearl or "tide jewel." 2. Probably a coin as an emblem of riches

1.
3. Probably one of the dual symbol (?) the female. 4. Variant of last 01
male of dual symbol. 5. King, emblem of happiness or luck. 6. Pro

bably books. 7. Rhinoceros horns. 8. Leaf of artemisia, emblem ol
good augury.
Oriental. 213
The emblems of the Buddhists.

Pa die siang. eight lucky
Chung, a bell. 2. Lo, a

1.
chank shell. 3. San, State umbrella.
the lotus, this is always without fillets.
14 Kae, a canopy. 5. Hwa,
6. a vase with cover.
,
7. Yu, two fishes uuited by fillets, may
8. Chang, an emblem of longevity. These
signify domestic felicity.
are found as marks, and are also used in
decoration.
emblems
all creation.
Wan-tsc, Ten thousand things, everything,
The "swastika" or fylfot cross of Buddha.
;
fortune.
King, an emblem of good
This is also intended to give forth a sound when struck ;
it is used as a tuning fork ;

it has been mistaken for
a Masonic emblem.
inscribed Full, happi-

Gourd, an emblem of longevity,
ness, in "Grass" character.
Joo-c, or sceptre of longevity,

and musical instruments.
Peach and bat, the peach is an emblem of longevity and

the bat of happiness, here they symbolise the phrase
Fuh slwiv shwany chucn, a two-fold perpetuation of
happiness and longevity.
Pi, a pencil, ting, a cake of ink, joo-e, a sceptre of

longevity symbolizing the phrase, Pi ting joo c.
May things be fixed as you desire.
Paou. Precious things. Pencil and roll of paper.
TABLE.
Many varieties of this mark are found on old Nankin

ware. It was imitated by Delft, Dresden, Worcester,
and other factories of Europe. Mr. Franks is of opinion
that a four-legged vase with a high ear on each side.
it is
Probably a wedding cup.

Oriental. 1 1
5
These figures occur so often on old ware, especially that

intended forsacrificial use, that a few words may be given
to explain their purport.
The unbroken line Yang, represents the masculine or
perfection the divided line Yin, the feminine or imper-

;
fection. The group of four is called the Eze-seang or

four similitudes ;
the eight are the Pa-qua or eight sym-
bols of Foh-he. circle was added by Choiv, a member
The
of the Sung dynasty, who analysed and explained them.
The circle represents the original principle, the waved
line dividing it makes the dual power or the active and
passive principles of creation, it is called the Tae-Tceih,
this when in action, produced a male power, when at rest

a female power. From these were generated four visible
forms which represent in the innumerable combinations
of the eight symbols, the changes and transmutations
that take place in nature and in the affairs of the world.
2 1 6 Pottery and Porcelain.
JAPAN.
THE manufacture of pottery is said to date from B.C. 660. A factory
was established by Corean potters A.D. 200. The first good glazed
pottery was made at Seto about 1230, by Toshiro, who had learnt the
art in China. Porcelain is said to have been first made by Gorodaytt
Shonsui, who also studied in China, and on his return in 1513 settled in
Hizen.
The great centre of the Japanese manufacture is in the province of
Ilizcn, where twenty-five villages are congregated on a mountain which
affords a plentiful supply of material for their work. Other districts
have, however, their peculiar wares, some of which are undoubtedly of

great antiquity.
The marks used in Japan are usually the name of the factory or of
the maker or decorator ; sometimes all are given.
DATES
are marked in the same fashion as the Chinese, sometimas the year of the
period is written :
1580 -u -ju. '_ Y 1653
As a rule it may be assumed that when an article is marked Dai

Nipon it is a modern production. Chinese periods are to be found on
work made after Chinese patterns.
Oriental. 217
Kwam-bun
lH IE
1*1
'13
w
Oriental. 219
Asahi, Uji, established 1644-47.
Asa-hi, Morning light, so named from

colour of the ware ... ...
imp
Min-pci.
Avvaji, established about 1840 by Ka-sliiu Min-pci.
Nipon
(Made by) Kashiu Sanpei in

Ka-shiu Awaji, Japan.
San-pci
AWATA.
Awata, see Kioto.
Banko Kichibei, established by, 1652-60 at Koume-mu-

ra, near Tokio, known as Yedo Banko, now closed, imp
Ise Banko.
^. Nipon Bartlo.
tB Shiba-ta
tsukuru
\ Made by Shibata Banko,
J
Japan ...
imp
DanTco.
Articles known as Banko ware arc now made at
Kmvana, Yokka-ichi, and neighbourhood.

Nipon
imp
Yiu sctsu
Shi-gen, name
F*
fe
m
t?o Nai yasui
\Noteasy
J
Difficult.
...
Banko, The eminent of flowers ... inc
Go-so, name ... ... ... imp
Bizen, supposed date, B.C. 97-30.

At Imbe-mura a kiln has been worked since 1390.
llo-kci sci, Made by Rokei, modern mark.
Fujina, commonly called Idsumo ware.
i Fujina, Matsuye.
Un-yei, name.
Oriental. 221
Hirato, Mikawaji, Hizen, established 1655-57.

The ware was made for the use of a prince of the
Matsu-ura family, not for sale.
Ilirato, Mikawaji,
Hirato Shi-aye tsukuru, Shiaye maker.
Mikawaji.
Mori Cliikara tsUkuru.
Hirato.
tome yaJcu, The honourable close of burning.
The prince closed the factory ;

the article so marked
may have been the last fired.
Hizen. A large number of kilns have been worked in

this province, but only those so marked are named here.
Ilezen Arita Ka-mi. Arita is an important town where

many noted kilns are situated. Kami, name.
Nisid Hczcn Arita yama, West Hezen.
Nan-di sci, Made by Nandi.

Shin-po tsuknrn, Made by Shinpo.
Reki-san tsukuru, Made by Rekisan.
Hizen.
f * v^
% Sara yama.
Fuka-gawa (sci omitted), Made by ( Yeizayemon} Fuka-

gawa at Arita.
;n
Fukami (Suminosukt}.
Fukami, Arita ;
also Fuka with Hczen and Great
Japan.
^~
C_j_
Eishu Arita.
Ten-tai tsukuru, Made by Tentai.

Oriental. 223
Z6-shun tci.
** Sam-po sci, Made by Sampo

(inclosure of Spring) Hall.
at the Zoshun
JEW Z6-shun tci.
^
Sai-chi tsukuru, Made by Saichi.
Arita ware is also known as Imari.
Nichi Hizen.
/MflE
FuJca-gcvwa sci, Made by Fukagawa of
Nichi Hizen. On Okawaji ware.
Imado, Tokio. Origin unknown mp

Go'Saburo, name.
Kaga or Kutani ware, established about 17th century.
Kutani, The nine valleys ... ... p red
Kutani ..
p gold
Kutani tsukuTU t
M.atle at Kutani red
Kaija Kaga
Kutani
Kaga Kutani ...

p red
, ,
tsukuTU ,
. .
p black
..* Dai Nipon, Great Japan.

'& H
Kutani sei, Made at Kutani Mack
Kutani Bokuzan, name ...

p blue
~F
a/
Kutani, in centre the name To a

decorator ...
p red
ti/
Dai Nipon.
To zan no in, Seal of Tozan ...
Oriental. 225
To-zan pred
Kiyo-zan, name
Pon-zan ,, imp
Diwo-zo
To-wo p red
Kutani sei, Made at Kutani.
Kaga, Na-Tcen. Kaga Long house p black
Dai Nipon Kutani, omitted.
UcTii-umi kichi-zo, name

Fw-zcwi, name, Yuzan Hall, KutanL
, happiness
Roku, riches Are often found on Kaga ware.
Ju, long life /
Kioto. A
potter entitled Nin-sei, 1644-51,
erected
kilns in various places ; amongst them were those still
working at Awata, Kinkozan, and Kiomidzu.
Nin-sei, Mark of Nonomura Ninsei about 1650 imp
Awata ware.
Nipon Kioto, Japan, Kioto.
Kin ko zan tsukuru, Made by Sobei Kinkozan p gold
Kin ko zan .
. . .
imp
Oriental. 227
Ichi-gaya.
Tan-zan, Mark of Seikai Tanzan imp
Tanzan ...
... p black
Iiva-kura-zan, Mark of I. Kichibeye ...

imp
Ho zan, name
Ken-zan t Mark of Ogata Shinsho, about

1730... ... ... ... p brown
Kiomidzu ware.
Sei lean ji, Name of village whence came

the maker.
Ddhctchi, name imp
m (Takahashi D.) ... ... inc
A
Kan-zan, name, K. Denshichi...
04
Sei-fu, name ... ...

p
With "Great Japan," "maker," etc.
Ki-tei, name, Wake Kitei.

Oriental. 229
Kishiu ware. Wakayama, an old-established kiln ;
wares greatly improved in 1827.

Kai-raku } ,.. , ,, ,
f Made at the garden of
yen-sai }
mingled enjoyment ... imp
Shu-ka Do, Early flower Hall.
Yeiraku ware, made at an old establishment by the

Zengoro family. Riyozen (the 10th generation) was the
first to make porcelain. The Prince of Kii honoured him
with the title
Yeiraku, and presented him with the
seals used as marks.
^
The branch factory of the river. Seal
used by Yeiraku Riyozen about 1810.
Yci-raku, Perpetual enjoyment.
Dai Nipon.
Yca-raJcu tsukivru.
Makuzu, near Kioto.
Fu-ji yo, Made at the Fuji kiln of Makuzu.
Ma-kuzu tsukuru.
Makuzuyo ... ... ...

p blue
Ko-zan tsukuru, Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln.
Minato ware, near Saki, Idsumi. Of great antiquity,

it isbelieved that Giyeji, the inventor of the potter's
wheel, was the first to work here.
Minato yaki, Minato ware ... ... imp
Mino ware. Worked in 17th century. Porcelain first
made in 1810.
Nipon Mi i\
Made by the pro .
vince of
Kaito
Raku ware, used in the tea ceremonies. Introduced
by a Corean named Ameya, 1658-69. He settled at

Kioto, and worked with clay found at Juraku. Taiko
Hideyoshi honoured the son of Ameya, Chojiro, with a
seal engraved RaTcu, enjoyment, since which it is called
Raku yaki, and marked with a seal so inscribed.
Sen-raku "\ Made at the Senraku garden. Seal

> used by Chojiro Kichizayemon of
yen sei ) the llth generation.
Oriental.
231
6hi Raku, Ohi-machi, Kaga. Founded 1680 by

Chozayemon.
OM, seal used by the fourth C.
Osaka Raku, made by Kikko, 187-.
Kitzu-ko or Kikko.
Tokio Raku, made by Kozawa Benshi, who is still
working.
Ni-pon, To-kio\
JaP an
MoRaku-ho J
Sado ware. Made of a material found in the mines ;
the ware and in Japan is valued both as a

is scarce,
curiosity and as having some medicinal quality. Small

portions are broken off, crushed in the mouth and
swallowed for no special disorder, but simply as a good
thing to take.
Sado kin gin zan wo moltci mu-mci di kore wo tzukuru.

Made of an unnamed material found in the gold
and silver mines of Sado.
Sho ju
May you live 1000 years.
sen nen
Jo-zan, name.
All written on the soft clay with a point.
Satsuma, established 1467-86. The Prince brought

potters from Corea about 1592, when the well-known
ware was first made. No mark is found on old ware.
Satsu-ma.
Naka-jima (sei), Made by N. ... ...

p gold 187-
Seto, Owari, of great antiquity ;

date unknown.
Dai Ni-pon.
Se-to sei, Made at Seto, Great Japan.
Nipon, Seto. Japan, Seto.
Kawa moto, Masu-kichi tsuTcuru, Made by M. Kawamoto.

Oriental. 2 33
Dai Hi-pon, Great Japan ... ... p blue
Han-mTci sei, Made by Hansuke Kawamoto.
Nipon, Seto.
(?)
Sei-getsa, name of a celebrated painter of porcelain.
Ai-wo, name.
LU. Sin-nan fude, name of decorator.

U4
Yama-moto Sho-tan, Name of a celebrated painter of

porcelain.
Seto-Suke, Yokkaichi, established 1764-80.
Se-to-sukt, Name of factory.
I Shiba.
i* Resident of SMba in ToJcei.
Sei-un-tei, Factory.
i
Hikomaro, name ... ... ... p black
Soma ware, Naga-mura. It is a popular belief in

Japan that this is the oldest ware made there, and the
possessors of specimens prize them highly. The running
horse with which they are decorated probably dates
from 1670.
So ma, name imp

Oriental. 235
riga, name Kanc-shige imp

name
Tokio.
Dai Ni-pon.
Dio-to sei, Maker's name ..

p blue
Tokio.
Matsu-moto
Name ..
p red
yashi-nobo )
Both marks on one piece.
Dio-to, Maker.
Toyo-ura ware, Nagato, established 1716-35.
Toyo-ura yama, Name of factory ...

imp
Tozan ware, Himeji.
Hime-ji sei, Made at Himeji.

FLOWER.
Many varieties of this mark occur on porcelain both
old and of recent date.
LEAF.
And other varieties are often found on porcelain.
INSCRIPTIONS
Of a similar character to the Chinese are found on all
kinds of ware.
Dzou, long life.
So-wo, name ... hp imp
Kami sci, Kami, maker ... pblue
RaTcu-masa tsukuru ... pred

,, maker.
Huji-nori, name ... ,, pblue

Oriental. 237
AP
To giyoku yen
Made by Gosuki at the jade n*. rr
h p p blue / * ~*
Gosuki sei pottery house,
The Chinese dates Seuen-tih and Ching-hica

are often found on Hezen ware decorated
with old Nankin patterns.
WR
Made in the Gen-ki years 1570-73.
Kame yama
The work of Kameyama.
Zo no
Fuku-sJiun ken _
Made by Giyokusei at Returning
Spring House.
GiyoTcu-sd sei
Oriental. 239
Ki-to Teen
Made by Hokuhan at the Curious
Pottery House.
Hoku-han sei
SQUARE.
Called House Marks.
Haict, name of a factory ... ... hp p red
)
mountain middle, name ,, p blue
Yeh-san or
one mountain, name ..
Itsi-yama j
Ka, felicity.
Goa, strong, name

All on blue decorated ware called Hezen ; marks such

as these are found in great variety, they often differ
in a set of cups and saucers that are evidently from the
same hand.
Eoku, wealth.
Aoi, blue.
This appears to be "happiness."
M
IIP So-wo, name.
Fuku, happiness.
VASE.
This curious mark is impressed and coloured ;
it re-
presents a sacred vessel used in sacrificing

and is in-
scribed with the characters Fuku, happiness, and ju,
longevity.
^3259 4
o
-
.
i
BINDING SECT. JUN j 5
NK Hooper, William Harcourt

215 A manual of marks on
H6 pottery and porcelain
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE

CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY

Hooper Phillips Pottery Porcelain Marks 1894

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Hooper Phillips Pottery Porcelain Marks 1894

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to

Mrs. S.T. Blackwood

POTTERY AND PORCELAIN

W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS

When first issued none of the marks of Japan had

Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportant

The work is divided into four parts in the first, the

Marks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,

The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are of three

The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con-

The quality of the Ware is described in the first column,

maj. ... . . . Incised.

The third column contains the dates.

SCEAUX PEXTIIIEVRE s p p blue 175-

L SCEAU.X PKNTHIEVRK pot p blue ITS-

VENICE h p p red 1765

Tliis mark varies maj. p color 17

4- COLOGNE pot p blue 1 7

The form and position of

the swora vary.

WORCESTER p color 175-

LoNGPORT pot imp 1793

Thus read from

CALDAS pot imp

MlDDLESBOROUGH pot pr bluo

SWINTON h p p TO* 1824

HESSE CASSEL hp p blue . 17C3

AMSTERDAM hp p blue 1772

FRANKENTHAL h p p blue 1754

Bow B p p blue 173-

LEEDS ... pot imp 177-

BADEN BADEN h p p gold

BADEN BADEN h p p gold 1753

De Byl (The Axe)

De drei Kloklcen. (The 3 bells)

W. Van dcr Docs

r This mark varies so much that it

AMSTERDAM pet p color 1780

Hartog and Brandeis.

ANSPACH h p p blup 1718

Sometimes used without the letter

HAGUE (The) h p y blua 177-

HOCHST hp p gold 1720

Dahl pot p color 1794

DELFT pot p oiuo 1G91

Martinus Gouda pot 1675

DERBY h p pr color 1815

COLOGNE ... pot 1G-

MONTPELLIER pot imp 18

SHELTON pot pr color 1820

SEVRES ... ... h p pr color 1830

The marie ivas used with the year

Louis Philippi 1834

51 1 Republic hp p red 1848

BURSLEM pot & imp 1768

CAUGHLEY h p. p blue 1750

WORCESTER s p p blue 1751

URBINO ... maj. p blue 1591

NAPLES mnj. p blue 17

WORCESTER h p p blue 1783

V MARIEBERG, Sweden pot

t FULDA ... h p p blue i763

VARAGES pot p bl: C c 1730

DRESDEN h p p blue 1720