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EFFECT OF BIOETHANOL DISTILLER EFFLUENT ON THE

GERMINATION OF CROPS (Rice (Oryza Sativa), Corn (Zea mays), Tomato


(Solanum lycopersicum), Mung Beans (Vigna Radiata) )

JAZPHER M. ARCIAGA
KRISTINE KAYE R. MARQUEZ

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to Mostofa (2019) biofuel is a trending topic around the world.


United States and Brazil are the countries that produces large amount of bio fuels.
Bioethanol is classified in to 1st generation bioethanol and 2nd generation bioethanol. 1st
generation comes from starch, and 2nd generation comes from lignocellulosic biomass.
Bioethanol can support to reduce fossil fuels burning and CO2 emission.

Bio ethanol is obtained through aqueous mixture; thus water must be eliminated
to obtain high purity to use as a fuel. Its dehydration is an operation which requires high
quantities of energy due difficulty in separating the water and ethanol. Broth bioethanol
usually contains 80 wt.% water content. One of the used technique for dehydrating
bioethanol is extractive distillation, where solvents are modifying the relative volatility
of bioethanol (Pedroza and Hernandez, 2018).

Through the distillation process the water separated from the ethanol is called
bio ethanol distillation effluent. The effluent appears in brown color, sweet odour,
high temperature and high values of total solids, chlorides, sulphates, nutrients,
hydrogen sulfide, oil and grease. The Ph of the effluent was acidic. The BOD and COD
values are also high (Lekshmi and jaya).
According to the Research Program on Rice, rice is the most important human
food crop in the world directly feeding more people than any other crop. In 2012, nearly
half of the world’s population relied on rice every day. It is a staple food across Asia
where half of the world’s poorest people live and is becoming important in Africa, and
Latin America. Rice fed more people over a longer time than has any other crop. It is
spectacularly diverse, both way grown and how it is used by humans.

Corn also known as maize (Zea mays), is one of the world’s most popular cereal
grains. Popcorn and sweet corn are popular varieties, but refined corn products are
widely consumed, frequently as ingredients in processed food such as Tortillas chips,
polenta, cornmeal, corn flour, corn syrup, and corn oil. Corn provides needed nutrients
for the body such as carbs, fiber, and protein. It also contains several amount of vitamins
and minerals. The amount of vitamins and minerals depends on the corn type. Popcorn
contains vitamins and minerals including manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc,
and copper. Sweet corn boosts number of vitamins including pantothenic acid, folate,
vitamin b6, niacin, and potassium (Arnarson, 2019)

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a fruit from the nightshade family native
to South Africa. Tomatoes are the major dietary source of antioxidant lycopene, which
has been linked to many health benefits, including reduced risk of health disease and
cancer. Carbs, fiber, vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, potassium, vitamin K1,
and vitamin B9 are present on it. It also contains plant compounds like lycopene, beta
carotene, neringenin, and chlorogenic acid (Bjarnadottir, 2019)

Mung beans (Vigna Radiata) are small green beans that belong to the legume
family. Mung beans have health benefits such as, packed with healthy nutrients, high
antioxidant levels may reduce chronic disease risk, Antioxidants vitexin and isovitexin
may prevent heat stroke, may lower cholesterol level, may reduce blood pressure, fiber
and resistant starch in mung beans nay aid digestive health, nutrient composition may
lower blood sugar levels, may promote weigh loss by suppressing hunger and raising
fullness hormones, and folate from mung beans can support a healthy pregnancy.

The Bioethanol distillation process separates water from the ethanol. The water
effluent through this process is disposed after because of the characteristic of it. In this
case the researcher is motivated to research on the effects of bioethanol distiller effluent
on the germination of the following crops such as rice, corn, tomato and mung beans.

The researcher wants to utilize the effluent from the distillation process as a
source of water for watering the crops. On this case the water from the bio-ethanol
distillation process will be useful to the production of crops. Utilizing the bio-ethanol
distiller effluent will also help to reduce its environmental impacts such as water
pollution and contamination.

Statement of the Problem

Through the distillation process the water separated from the ethanol is called
bio ethanol distillation effluent. The effluent appears in brown color, sweet odour,
high temperature and high values of total solids, chlorides, sulphates, nutrients,
hydrogen sulfide, oil and grease. The Ph of the effluent was acidic. The BOD and COD
values are also high.

The effluent from the distillation process are not utilized and disposed anywhere
because of its components.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, the study aims to test the effect of the bio-ethanol distiller effluent
on the germination of crops such as rice, corn, tomato, and mung beans.

Specifically, the study aims to determine:

 The effect of the bio-ethanol distiller effluent on the germination of rice


 The effect of the bio-ethanol distiller effluent on the germination of corn
 The effect of the bio-ethanol distiller effluent on the germination of tomato
 The effect of the bio-ethanol distiller effluent on the germination of mung beans

Significance of the Study


The significance of this study is that the effluent from the bioethanol distillation
process will be utilized as a substitute of tap water for watering the seed crops to be
germinated.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will be focusing on the effects of the bioethanol distiller effluent on

the germination of crops such as rice, corn, tomato, and mung beans.

Review of Related Literature

Conceptual framework
DEPENDENT

GERMINATION OF THE
FOLLOWING CROPS: INDEPENDENT

RICE

CORN

TOMATO

MUNG BEANS

Left box represents the dependent variables which include the germination of
crops, such as rice, corn, tomato and mung beans. While on the right box represents the
independent variables which represents the independent variable which include the
effect of Bio ethanol distiller effluent.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted in Cabaggan Village in Pamplona, Cagayan.


Particularly the 850 liters. Bio ethanol facilities.

Research design

The study will be using experimental research design approach. Which the
researchers manipulate one or more variables, controls and measures.

UNIT OF ANALYSIS

The crops to be germinated will be the unit of analysis for this study. The effect
of Bio-ethanol Distiller Effluent on the germination of crops will be measured.

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Effluent will be colle

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