LA TIERRA, EL AIRE, EL TIEMPO ATMOSFERICO Y LA REPRESENTACION DE LA TIERRA. PAG 1.LA TIERRA 1 a. LAS CAPAS DE LA ATMOSFERA 2 b. CONTINENTES Y OCEANOS 4 2. EL AIRE Y LA ATMOSFERA a. EL AIRE i. CARACTERISTICAS DEL AIRE i. COMPOSICION DEL AIRE PROPIEDADES DEL AIRE iv. USOS DEL AIRE Suan b. LA ATMOSFERA i. FUNCION ii, FENOMENOS ATMOSFERICOS iti. CAPAS DE LA ATMOSFERA tet et 3. EL TIEMPO ATM ERICO TEMPERATURA ii, VIENTO iii, HUMEDAD iv. PRECIPITACIONES eece 12 LENEAS IMAGINARIAS SOBRE LA TIERRA 13 LOS MAPAS 154. The Earth LOOK Choose a name for the Earth. ° The Green Planet © The Dead Planet © The Blue Planet © The Living Planet Turtles live in the sea. They go on land to lay thelr eggs. 1. The Earth 32) Our planet is the Earth. It is round. In photos taken from space the Earth looks blue. It is called the Blue Planet. ‘The Earth has three parts: water, land and air. © Water covers most of the Earth. Oceans, seas, lakes and rivers are called the hydrosphere. © Dry land is the part of the Earth above water. There are continents and islands. © Air surrounds the Earth. It is called the atmosphere. 2. Life on Earth Our planet has everything that living things need. It has air and water. The Sun gives us heat and light. © Many animals and plants live in water. © Human beings, animals and plants livevon dry land. © Animals like butterflies move through the air. a tu Complete the sentence. The Earth has three parts: ...& what makes up the Earth? The Earth is a sphere of rock. It has 3 paris: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere. The atmosphere is the air that surrounds the Earth. Air is a mixture of gases and is essential for lif. ‘The almosphere protects livingsthings from the Sun's rays. of the Earth: Salt water in seas and oceans. Fresh water in rivers, lakes and the ice that covers the North and South Poles. The lithosphere is made of rocks and minerals. Part of the lithosphere is above sea level and forms the continents and islands. ‘The rest is under the oceans and forms the ocean floor.e | ACTIVITIES — | @ Label the pictures Earth, Sun and Moon. Use the key to colour picture. | 5 i aoRaer| G | | @ sea @ tana ” atmosphere Write true (T) or false (F). We need air and water. '.. There is air and water on the Moon. { | In your notebook write in the correct order to make a sentence.) > has the hydrosphere the atmosphere, 3 parts: The Earth and the lithosphere. - Copy the words in pairs, one from each column. 1) Hydrosphere, a) Air 2) Lithosphere b) Rock 3) Atmosphere. ¢) Water. WwThe Continents end Oceans ‘@EnchantedLearning.com The Physical World ‘Continents and Ocean:2. AIR AND THE ATMOSPHERE A. WHAT Is AIR? Air is made up of a mixture of gases that form the atmosphere around us. People, animals and plants need air fo breathe, reap OD 1.1, The characteristics of air @ Airis a gas. Like all gases, air does not have its own shape. Jt takes the shape of the container it is in. Air occupies the greatest possible space. If we burst a balloon, the air escapes. The balloon deflates. ‘ Hot air weighs less than cold air. Hot air balloons There is hot air in hot air balloons. This is why they go up. 12. 2. The composition of air aa There are different gases in air. . The main gases are nitrogen and oxygen. There is more nitrogen than oxygen in air. However, oxygen is very important. Living things need oxygen to breathe — BD nitrogen CO owgen Oi other gases Gases in the air it. The properties of air | (>) aichas diferent properties. 28.0 AIR © Airis invisible. It has no colour. © Air has no shape. Ii takes the shape of its container, lke all gases. Air occupies the greatest possible space. © Air has weight. A balloon with air inside weighs more than a balloon with no air inside. © Air has no taste or smell.\\. Uses of air Living things use air in many different ways: © Birds need air to fly. © We use cir to inflate balloons and the tyres. of cars and bicycles. © Scuba divers use tanks of compressed air to breathe underwater. © Wind farms use energy from moving air to produce electricity. « There is.air in the rubber rings that we use to learn to s « Air pushes sailing boats through water. « Aeroplanes move through the air. wim. a 6Be The atmosphere WHAT Is THE ATMOSPHERE? The atmosphere is the layer of air surrounding the Earth. It is 1000 kilometres thick. {. The functions of the atmosphere The atmosphere has some very important functions: ® It has the oxygen that we need to breathe. © The atmosphere filters the Sun's rays. If there were no atmosphere, the Sun would burn us more. ® It regulates the temperature on the Earth's surface, so that it is never foo cold or too hot. © Weather conditions like wind, rain and snow are caused by changes in the atmosphere. Ti, Atmospheric phenomena There are different phenomena in the atmosphere, © Precipitation is rain and snow. © Wind is the movement of air. © Storms have rain, wind, thunder and lightning. “ttt, The layers of the atmosphere © The lower layer of the atmosphere is made up of air It contains oxygen, which living things need fo breathe. Weather occurs here. © The upper layers contain very litle oxygen. Living things cannot survive here. © Outside the atmosphere is outer space. Here, there is no air and there are no living things atmosphere the Sun Some of the Sun's rays bounce off the atmosphere. atmosphere The Earth's atmosphere protects us from the Sun’s rays. outer space no.oxygen alittle oxygen atmosphere a lot of oxygen- ACTWINE SS \.@) ‘we or false? Copy and correct the false sentences. N & We can see air. Air has weight. Air has its own shape. . Airis a liquid Answer 2. Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)? = The most common gas in ait isp water vapour. — The more you blow up a balloon, the more it weighs. — Air can be compressed when the space it occupies is reduced. 3. What is the atmosphere? How thick is the atmosphere? 4, Write the names of some weather conditions. 5. Complete these sentences: = Air is a mixture of several — The two main gases in air are nitrogen and — Other gases in the air are ..... and... | 6 Look at the diagram. Then, answer the questions. NR (aaa oxygen carbon dioxide and other gases _ What are the three main gases in ai? bs. Which is the most abundant gas? +, Which is the most important gas for animals and people? 9. [s there more oxygen or more carbon dioxide in,air? +. true or false? Copy and correct the false sentences. NB co The atmosphere is « layer ofliquid that surrounds the Earth 1 The atmosphere protects us from the harmful rays ofthe Moon =. We breathe oxygen from the upper layers of the atmosphere. 4. Weather occurs in the lower layer of the atmosphere.4. Weather Ae > Weather is the state ofthe lower layer of the atmosphere ata specific place and time. Weather changes all the time. There are four basic elements of weather: © Temperature is how hot or cold itis. AL © Wind is moving ait. © Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the ai. HB © Precipitation is water falling from clouds. It can be rain, snow or hail Weather maps tell us what the weather is going fo be like in a specific area at a specific time. Weather maps use symbols: ( Xs mel sunny cloudy snowing raining windy fogay THE WEATHER CAN CHANGE | i ‘The weather also changes with the seasons. | _Tteweaterconosndisnet were, ron isha hana | con chonge during he day. af more in the spring and winter. | @ What is the weather like in these places? Look at the weather map ond write. (Kea) ——— = ey ae 4« The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. Look at the words in the box and match each to a season. 9) fh snow hot rain cold holidays sunny coat beach flowers skiing Think and anewer N@ 4. What is weather? “. What are the main features of weather? >. Does the temperature stay the same during the day? » What is wind? } _« In what different forms does water fall from the clouds? Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place weather features rt4 temperature wind _precipitestionioe Read the weather forecast, and draw weather symbols on the map of Spain to indicate what the weather will be like. WEATHER FORECAST = There will be snow and strong winds in the north of Spain and storms and light winds in the north-east. Rain and strong winds are expected in the north-west of the Peninsula. ~ There is a possibility of rain and light winds in the centre of Spain. It will be sunny in the south, and in the Balearic and Canary Islands. ~ The Mediterranean will be calm, but rough seas are predicted in the Atlantic Ocean. lou “ai | poste surg | ath | Poste | paa | toms | ew eae winds | winds | Nowind | ot | XN % *% ik I I FAn westv ATLANTIC o6¢ SOUTH AA@ How can we study the Earth? A... We can represent the Earth as a small sphere, called a globe or in a flat form, called a map. Both show the continents and the oceans. A globe is a more realistic representation because, like the Earth, it is a sphere. A world map shows all the continents and oceans of the Earth, but it makes the Earth look flat. In your notebook match and write the sentences. 1)A globe a) makes the Earth look flat 2) A map bb) represents the Earth os a small sphereImaginary lines | The Earth's axis is an imaginary line that goes from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through the centre of the Earth. The Equator is an imaginary line that goes round the middle of the Earth. North Pole The Earth's axis passes from pole to pole through the centre. Northern Hemisphere Southein Hemisphere ‘The Equator divides the Earth in 2 hemispheres. We live in South Pole the Northern Hemisphere. A. Gopythe-trve-sentences. Correct the false sentences and copy them. NB a) The Equator passes through the North Pole and the South Pole continents in a flat form. 7 AcTNTES b) A map represents the oceans and the ¢) A globe has the same shape as the Earth d) The Earth's axis divides the Earth into the Norther and Southern Hemispheres. 2s Look closely at the features on the globe. Answer the following questions. a) Match the numbers on the globe to the names below. Equator Greenwich Meridian North Pole South Pole Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere b) Read the following statements and write true (T) or false (F) in the boxes provided. = Point A is located south of the - Point B is in the Northern Equator. Hemisphere. - Point A is east of the Greenwich Meridian — Point A is further east than 3 point B.PLANISPHERE, SOCTH The representation of he Earth on a map is called a planisphere. It shows the location of the countries, continents and oceans of the Earth. Did you know? NB The vertical line that divides the Earth at zero degrees longitude is called the Greenwich Meridian. We can locate all places on Earth in terms of their distance east or west of this line, which divides the eastern and western hemispheres. Look at the planisphere on this page. 1. Which continent is the furthest west and which is the furthest east? 2. Which city is further west, Madrid or New York? Name an ocean situated east of the Greenwich Meridian. Think and answer 3. What isa globe? What is a planisphere? ’ U. Define the following terms: the Equator, the Earth’s axis, 5. What do we call the two areas of the Earth that are divided by the Equator? tASa, Mape WHAT IS A MAP? ‘A map is a flat representation of a place. It has a scale, signs and a key. Plans and maps are both drawings of an area as seen from above. However, maps represent larger areas than plans. © Plans represent small areas, like houses, villages, or cities. © Maps represent larger areas, like continents, countries or regions, A planisphere is a map of the whole Earth. TYPES OF MAPS There are different types of maps to represent Physical maps. ‘They show natural features, like mountains, forests, rivers and seas. Political maps. They show the boundaries of countries and regions. different features, The most common maps are: SIGNS AND TOPONYMS Signs are the symbols and colours that represent information on a map. These signs and symbols are the same on every map. Ona physical map, the different colours show natural features: mountains are brown, flat land greontened vers erelbloet The signs that appear on a map are explained in the key. This is usually in the bottom or top - Acavines Think and answer NB . 4. What is a map? What are the different types of maps? 2. What are the signs on a map? Why do we need them? | mountains Roadmaps. They | show us all the | villages and cities in| an area. They are | very detailed and | exact. | | 1. Which is the physical map, the political map. and the road map? What do each show? 2. What colours can you see on the physical map? What do they show?