What is LAN?

-A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a

limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office
building.
What is NIC?A NIC is a computer expansion card for connecting to a network (e.g.,
home network or Internet) using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

What is switch hub? is a computer networking device that connects devices on a

computer network by using packet switching to receive, process, and forward data to
the destination device.

What is router?
A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks

What is workstation?
refers to an individual computer, or group of computers, used by a single
user to perform work.

BUS Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and network device is
connected to single cable.

RING Topology
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each computer is connected to
another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for
each device.

STAR Topology
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable.
This hub is the central node and all others nodes are connected to the central node.

MESH Topology
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are
connected to each other.

TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also
called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.

HYBRID Topology
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies.

Network administrator
-is responsible for installing, maintaining and upgrading any software or hardware
required to efficiently run a computer network.

Protocols are important on a network because without protocols computers would

not be able to talk to each other and so the internet would be useless. ... So basically
Protocols are the rules that allow communication between two or more computers

APPLICATION LAYER 7
Enables the user (human or software) to interact with the application or network
whenever the user elects to read messages, transfer files or perform other network-
related activities.

PRESENTATION LAYER 6
Translates or formats data for the application layer based on the semantics or syntax
that the application accepts.

SESSION LAYER 5
coordinates and terminates conversations between applications. Its services include
authentication and reconnection after an interruption.

TRANSPORT LAYER 4
deals with the coordination of the data transfer between end systems and hosts

NETWORK LAYER 3
this layer is responsible for packet forwarding, including
Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium

routing through different routers.

Data Link LAYER 2

manages physical addressing schemes such as MAC addresses for Ethernet networks,
controlling access of any various network devices to the physical medium.

Physical LAYER 1

deals with bit-level transmission between different devices and supports electrical or
mechanical interfaces connecting to the physical medium for synchronized
communication.

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device
connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

en.wikipedia.org

The IPv4 address is a 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a network interface on a
machine. An IPv4 address is typically written in decimal digits, formatted as four 8-bit
fields that are separated by periods.

An IPv6 address is a 128-bit alphanumeric string that identifies an endpoint

device in the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) addressing scheme. IPv6
addresses are preferred by professional users such as network engineers,
tech companies, datacenters and mobile carriers.

Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping one IP address

space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of
packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.