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Assignment # 01

Assignment Topic: Scope and Applications of Psychology

Subject: Introduction to Psychology

Submitted by: Nimra Rafi

Roll Number: 190316

Discipline: BS-1st, Psychology

Submitted to: Madam Nadia

Institution: Psychology Department, Islamia College Peshawar


Assignment Topic: Scope and Applications of Psychology
 What is psychology?

Psychology is best defined as the "scientific study of behavior in humans and animals."
Behavior is what people and animals do: e.g., what a person says about last night's dream,
and how long it takes a rat to run a maze. You might think that psychology was the "study of
the mind" due to the fact that the prefix psyche is Greek for mind, soul, spirit, and the suffix
ology refers to the study of something. Almost a hundred years ago, John Watson decided
that psychology should be a science: not just a vague and introspective reflection on our own
thoughts and feelings. Watson urged that psychology be defined as the scientific study of
behavior. Since about 1920, most university psychologists have accepted Watson's definition.
So, think of psychologists as scientists who study behavior.

 What are the applications and scope of psychology?

Scope and Applications of psychology with special reference to Pakistan:

Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of


mental processes and behavior. Psychology also refers to the application of such
knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including relating to individuals'
daily lives and the treatment of mental illness.
Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of
human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of
mental illness. It is largely concerned with humans, although the behavior and mental
processes of animals can also be part of psychology research, either as a subject in its
own right (e.g. animal cognition and ethology), or somewhat more controversially, as
a way of gaining an insight into human psychology by means of comparison
(including comparative psychology).
 Health Department:
1. Health psychology is the application of psychological theory and research to
health, illness and health care.
2. Health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a much wider range of
health-related behavior including healthy eating, the doctor-patient relationship, a
patient's understanding of health information, and beliefs about illness.
3. Health psychologists may be involved in public health campaigns, examining the
impact of illness or health policy on quality of life or in research into the
psychological impact of health and social care.
4. Now a days, Health Psychology is also applied in Pakistan like the developed
countries.
5. In Pakistan, Health psychologists are involved in the betterment of health policies
by the government.
 Industrial Psychology:
1. Industrial and organizational psychology (I/O) is among the newest fields in
psychology.
2. Industrial Psychology focuses on improving, evaluating, and predicting job
performance.
3. While Organizational Psychology focuses on how organizations impact and
interact with individuals.
4. Industrial organizational psychologists look at questions regarding things such as
who to hire, how to define and measure successful job performance, how to
prepare people to be more successful in their jobs, how to create and change jobs
so that they are safer and make people happier, and how to structure the
organization to allow people to achieve their potential.
5. I/O psychologists are employed by academic institutions, consulting firms,
internal human resources in industries, and governmental institutions
 Educational Psychology:
1. Educational Psychology is concerned with all aspects of psychology that are
relevant to education and psychology, particularly in the areas of human
development, learning and motivation, education of the gifted and talented, and
instructional psychology.
2. The role of Educational Psychology is to bring together theory and research from
psychology and related disciplines in order to facilitate healthy human
development and effective learning and teaching.
3. Educational psychology is rarely applied in Pakistan. But it is one of the
significant fields of psychology that is at least applied in Pakistan to some extent.
 Clinical Psychology:
1. Clinical psychology is the application of abnormal psychology research to the
understanding, treatment, and assessment of psychopathology.
2. This primarily includes behavioral and mental health concerns.
3. It has traditionally been associated with psychological treatment and
psychotherapy, although modern clinical psychology may take an eclectic
approach, including a number of therapeutic approaches.
4. Typically, although working with many of the same clients as psychiatrists,
clinical psychologists do not, in general, prescribe psychiatric drugs.
5. Some clinical psychologists may focus on the clinical management of patients
with brain injury.
6. Many research psychologists believe that many contemporary clinicians use
therapies based on discredited theories and unsupported by empirical evidence of
their efficacy.
 Counseling Psychology:
1. Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that encompasses research
and applied work in several broad domains:
a. Counseling process and outcome.
b. Supervision and training.
c. Career development and counseling.
d. Prevention and health.
2. Some unifying themes among counseling psychologists include a focus on assets
and strengths, person– environment interactions, educational and career
development, brief interactions, and a focus on intact personalities.
3. There’s a wide range application of counseling psychology in developed countries
but in third world countries like Pakistan, it is scarcely applied.
 Sports Psychology:
1. Sport psychology is an inter-disciplinary science that draws on knowledge from
the fields of Kinesiology and Psychology.
2. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how
participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors.
3. In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance
improvement, applied sport psychology may include work with athletes, coaches,
and parents regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, team building, and
career transitions.
4. Though this is highly required to be implemented in Pakistan, but as other
important things, it is also not taken under consideration.
 Forensic Psychology:
1. Forensic psychology is the intersection between psychology and the justice
system.
2. It involves understanding criminal law in the relevant jurisdiction in order to be
able to interact appropriately with judges, attorneys and other legal professionals.
3. An important aspect of forensic psychology is the ability to testify in court,
reformulating psychological findings into the legal language of the courtroom,
providing information to legal personnel in a way that can be understood.
4. In Pakistan, the forensic psychologist must understand the philosophy, rules, and
standards of the Pakistan judicial system.
 Reference:
https://www.scribd.com/document/213972711/Applications-of-Psychology-With-
Special-Reference-to-Pakistan

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