Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Binomial Theorem
Ex-3
x k 1
1. Pk x
x 1
n
n
n n
C k x k 1 1 n
n
2n 1 1
Ck pk n
k 1 k 1 x 1 n2
n
2n 1 x
x 1
1 x n
1 1 x n 2 n
n 1 1 n n 1 2
2 Pn 2 1 x
2 x 1
2 1
2 5 r 2p 1 2 5 p p
2.
5 2 2 p 1
2 P
C 5
1
p 1
.2 P C 5 2 ...... C 2 2
3
p 3
3 P
P
P P 1
2 C 5 2 .......2 2
P 1 P 3
P
C 5
1 .2 P 3
3 P P
2
p 1 P 3 2
P
C 5
1 .2 P C 5 2 ....... C 5
3
3 P
P2 2P 2
P
C1 , P C3 ,.......P CP 2 are all divisible by P
P
2 5 2 P 1
is divisible by P
2n
Cn n 1 n 2n
3. Cn
n 1 n 1
n 2 n !
2n C n
n 1 n!n!
2n
Cn
2n !
n 1! n 1!
2n C n 2n C n 1 integer
4. Cauchy Schwartz a b a b i i i
2
i
2
n
ai 1 bi Ci
n n
Ci 1. Ci
n
Ci n 2 n 1
n 2n 1
By AM GM n 2 1 n
2
n 1
n Ci 2n 1
2
6. Same as (4)
7. r 2n
n
Cr r r1 C r r n Cr
n n 1 n 2 Cr 2 n n 1Cr 1
n n 1 2n 2 n 2n 1
n 2 2 n 2 n 2 n 2 2n 2n 2
n n 1 2n 2
8. a r n Cr
n
Cr
Tr r n n r 1
Cr 1
n r 1 n 1 1 r
n n 1 n n 1
n n 1
2 2
n r r n r
9. 3x 2 : Tr 1 n C r 2 3x
2
1 x : Tr r 1 x r
r
coefficient of x n 1 n C r 2 r3n r , r 7
r
r 2
3 n
1 n
C r .r C r
n
3
2 r
n
n 1 r 2 n 2
3 1 n. Cr 1 Cr
3 3
r 1 r
n
2 r 1 n 1 2 r n 2
3 1 C r 1 1 C r
3 3 3
2n 1
3n n n 2n 1
3 3
n n n 1 2
10. 1 x 1 nx x ..........
2!
2 2.5
1 ..............
6 6.12
2 1 n n 1 2 2 5 5
nx and x
6 3 2! 6 12 36
2 1 5 1 5
nx 1 1
n 18 n 9 18
1 5 3 2
1 n
n 2 2 3
1 1 3 1
x
3n 3 2 2
n n 2 12
11. 1 n 1
2!
n n 2 12
1 n 1 ...........
2!
n n n 1 2
1 x 1 nx x ................
2!
n 1
x
n
n
n 1
1
n
n
12. 1 1 x 1 x 2 ........ 1 x
1. 1 x
n 1
1
1 x 1
n 1
1 x 1
x
n 1
Coefficient of x 3 will be coefficient of x 4 in 1 x
n 1C 4
2n 1
13. C 0 2n 1 C1 2n 1 C 2 ......2n 1 C n 2n 1 C n 1 ..........2n 1 C 2n 1 22n 1
2n 1
C 0 2n 1 C1 2n 1 C 2 ......2n 1 C n 2n 1 C n 2n 1 C n 1 .....2n 1 C 0 22n 1
2 2n 1 C 0 2n 1 C1 2n 1 C2 ......2n 1 Cn 22n 1
2n 1 C 0 2n 1 C1 2n 1 C 2 ......2n 1 C n 2 2n
n n n
14. C0 .a n C1 a d n C 2 a 2d ........... 1 C n a nd
n n n
r n r r
1 C r a rd a 1 n C r d 1 r n C r
r 0 r 0 r 0
n r
2n
2 n
15. 1 x x a k xk
k0
x 1 3n a 0 a1 a 2 ......a n a n 1 .......a 2n
3n 2 a 0 a1 a 2 .......a n a n
a n 3n
a 0 a1 a 2 ........ a n
2
n C C C
2 n 1 n n 1 2
r 1 r r 1
n C C C
2 n 1
r 1
n
r
n 1
r 1
n 1
n n
C r C r 1 C r 1 C r 1 n 1 Cr 1 n Cr
n
n 2 n 1 C r 1 n 1 C r 2
n 2 n 1 C 0 n 1
C1 n 1 C1n 1C 2 .............
Let us find n C 0 n C r n C1n C r 1 n C 2 n C r 2 .............
n
1 x n C0 n C1x n C 2 x 2 n C3 x 3 .............. n C n x n
n
1 n
n
C1 n C2 n C3 n
Cn
1 C 0 2
3
...........
x x x x xn
n 2n
1 1 x r n
C 0 C r C r 1 C r Cr 2 ............. is coefficient of x is the product 1 x 1
n n n n n
x xn
2n
it is coefficient of x n r in 1 x
2n C n r
From (1) LHS n 2 2n 2 C n n 2 2n 2 C n 2
and (2) n 2 2n 1 C n 2n 2 Cn 1
n 1 n2 n 3 2 n 1
22. x 3 n 3 n 2 n 3 n 2 ....... n 2
x 2 n
n 1
x 3
1
x 3 x 3 n x 2 n
x2
1
x 3
coefficient of x r n C r 3n r 2n r
100 99 98
23. 1 x x 1 x x 2 1 x .....x100
x 101
100
1 x 1
1 x 1 x 101 x101
x
1
1 x
coefficient of x 50 101 C50
n
24. 1 x n C0 n C1x n C 2 n 2 n C3 n 3 .......... n C n x n
n
1 n n 1 n 1 n 1
1 C 0 C1 C 2 ......... Cn n
x x x x
n n n n n n
C 0 C1 C1 C 2 .................... C n 1. C n is coefficient of x in the product
n 2n
n 1 1 x
1 x 1
x xn
2n 2 ! n 1! n 1! 15
n 2 !n! 2n ! 4
2n 2 2n 1 15
n 2 n 4
16n 2 24n 18 15n 2 30n
n 2 6n 8 0
n 1 n 2 0
n 2 or n 4
2 2n
25. 1 x x a 0 a1x a 2 x 2 ...... a 4 n x 4n
x 1 9n a 0 a1 a 2 a 3 a n ......... a 4n
9n a 0 a1 a 2 .......a 2n 1 a 2n a 2n 1 .....a 4n
9n a 2n 2 a 0 a1 a 2 a 3 ......a 2n
1 n
2
9 a 2n a 0 a1 a 2 ....... a 2n ______________(1)
x 1 1 a 0 a1 a 2 a 3 ............. a 4n
1 a 2n 2 a 0 a1 a 2 a 3 ...... a 2n
1
1 a 2n a 0 a1 a 2 a 3 ......a 2n ______________(2)
2
Add (1) and (2)
1 n
2
9 2a 2n 1 2 a 0 a 2 a 4 ...... a 2n
1
a 0 a 2 a 4 .............. a 2n 9 n 2a 2n 1
4
n
28. 1 x n C0 n C1x n C2 x 2 n C3 x 3 ........n C n x n
n
x 1 x n C 0 x n C1x 2 n C 2 x 2 ......... n C n x n 1
C 0 x 2 n C1x 3
n
n n
C x n2
Integrating x 1 x dx
2
3
........ n
n2
n
We get given expression by putting x 1 in n 1 x .dx
n 1 n 1
nx 1 x 1 x
x 1 x dx n 1 n 1
n2
2n 1
1 x
c c
1
n 1 n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2
2 n 1 2n 2 1
n 1 n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2
n 2 2n 1 2n 2 1 n.2n 1 1
n 1 n 2 n 1 n 2
2 n n
33. 1 x 1 n C1 n C2 x 4 .............. 1 Cn x 2n
n
n
n
C1x 3 n C2 x 5 1 Cn 2n
1 x
2
x ...... x
dx 3 5 2n 1
n
we get given expression by putting x 1 in 1 x dx
x sin dn cos d
cos 2n 1d
1 x 1 x
x
n 1 n2
n 1
1 x
nx x 1
n 1 n 2
n 1
n n
Cr x r 1 x
nx x 1
r 0 r 2 n 1 n 2
n 1
n
r 1 n n
Cr x r 1 x
1 x
nx x 1
r 0 r 2 n 1 n 2
38. There are r identical things to be distributed among
(a) n different objects
n H r n r 1 C n 1 n r 1 Cr
b k 1
n k n 1
n k c ck
(b) a n k b r ck r
k 0 r 0
a
k 0 b
c 1
n
b k 1 c k 1
a nk
k 0 bc
1
bc
a n b a n 1b 2 ...... a 0 b n 1 a n c a n 1c 2 ...... a 0c n 1
n b n 1 c n 1
a b 1 a n 1
1 a a
bc b c
1 1
a a
a c b a b c a c b a
n2 n 1 n2 n 1
b c b a a c
a c bn 2 b a cn 2 c b a n 2
a b b c c a
40. 1 2n 3x 2
....... n 1 x n 1 2n 3n 2 ..... n 1 x n
r
Coefficient of x r coefficient of x t coefficient of x r t
t0
r
t 1 r t 1
t 0
r 2 r 1 r 2 r 1 r 2 2r 3
2 6
1 1
r 1 r 2 3r 6 2r 3 r 1 r 2 r 3
6 6
2n
n
42. 1 x x 2 a k x k
k 0
n
1 1 2 2n k
1
k
1
k
1 a
x x k 0 x
x 2 x 1 2n k
1
1 a k
k
x 2n k0 x
2n 1 k
a k a k 1 1 coefficient of x in
k 0
n n
x 2
x 1 x 2 x 1
x 2n
2n 1 n
k
a k a k 1 1 coefficient of x 2n 1in x 4 x 2 1
k 0
n n
Coefficient of x 2n 1 in 1 x 6 1 x 2
n 2 n
All the terms in 1 x 6 1 x are even coefficient of x 2n 1 0
n n n
r Cr r n! r!3!
43. 1
r 0
r 3
C r r 0
1
r! n r ! r 3!
n
3! n 3 r
Cr 3 1
n 1 n 2 n 3 r 0
n
3! r 3
1 n 3Cr 3
n 1 n 2 n 3 r 0
3!
n 1 n 2 n 3
n 3
1 x 1 n 3 C1x n 3 C 2 x 2
Put x 1
3! n 3 n 2
1 n 3
n 1 n 2 n 3 2
3! n 3 n 2
n 2
n 1 n 2 n 3 2
CENTERS: MUMBAI / DELHI / AKOLA / KOLKATA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / GOA # 8
3! 2 n 3 3!
n 1 n 3 2 2n 6
2n 2n
44. Un 3 1 3 1
2n 2n 2n 2 2n
8U n 4U n 1 8 3 1 8 3 1 4 3 1 4 3 1
1
2n 2 2n 2
4 3 1 7 4 3 4 3 1 7 4 3
2n 2 2 2n 2 2
4 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3
2n 2 2 2n 2 2
3 1 4 2 3 3 1 4 2 3
2n 2 4 2n 2 4
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
2n 2 2n 2
3 1 3 1
Un 1
n
48. 1 x n Cr x r
2n r
1 r 2n 1
1 1 Cr
x x
2n
1 n 1
give expression is coefficient of n
in 1 x 1
x x
n n
1
Coefficient of n in
1 x 2 1 x
x x 2n
n n
Coefficient of x n in 1 x 2 1 x
49. We need coefficient of x n in
2 n 2 n 1 2 n2
n
C 0 1 x n C1 1 x n C 2 1 x ....
2 n
Coefficient of x n in 1 x 1
n
xn x 2
n
Coefficient of x n is constant term in x 2 2 n
n r
50. 1 x 1 C r x r
2 n
1 x x a x i
i
n
x x 1 a 1
2 i
x 2n
i
x
n n
r
1 a i ci is constant term in
1 x x 2
x 1
x 2n
n
Coefficient of x 2n in 1 x 3
CENTERS: MUMBAI / DELHI / AKOLA / KOLKATA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / GOA # 9
3 n r n r
1 x 1 Cr x 3
2n
3r 2n r
3
r 2n / 3 n 2n / 3 n
1 a i ci 1 C 2n / 3 1 Cn / 3
n
n r n 1 x r
19. (a) 1 x 1 C r x r
1 n C r x r 1
x
n r n
1
1 x dx
1
1
1
n
Cr
0
x 0
x i 1 r
n
n
C1 C Cn n n
n Cn
1
1 1 x
2 3 .............. 1 xdx
1 2 3 n 0
x
1
1 1 x 1 x ...... 1 x
0
2 n 1
dx
2 3 n 1
x
1 x
1 x ........
1 x
2 3 n
x0
1 1 1
1 ......
2 3 n
n n
(b) 1 x n C 0 n C1x n C 2 x 2 .............. 1 n C n x n
n 1 n
1 x n
n
C1x 2 n C 2 x 3 1 n C n x n 1
Integrating, C0 x ...... k
n 1 2 3 n 1
1
Put x 0 k
n 1
n 1 n
Dividing by x,
1 x n C n C x n C2 x 3 ...... 1 n Cn x n 1 1
0 1
n 1 x 2 3 n 1 n 1
n 1
1 1 1 x r xr
1 n Cr
n 1 x r 1
1 xr
n 1
2 n 2
1 1 x 1 x ....... 1 x 1 n C1
r 1
1 n
1 2 n r Cr
1 1 x 1 x ..... 1 x 1
n 1 0 r 1
2
2 3 n 1 1
1 1 x 1 x 1 x
x ........
n 1 2 3 n 1
n 0
1 1 1 1
1 .....
n 1 2 3 n 1
n n
20. 1 x n C0 n C1x n C 2 x 2 ........... 1 n C n x n
n n
x 1 x n C 0 x n C1 x 2 n C2 x 3 ......... 1 n Cn x n 1
n n 1 n n
Differentiating, 1 x nx 1 x n C 0 2n C1x 3n C 2 x 2 ......... 1 n 1 Cn x n
n n 1 n n
x 1 x nx 2 1 x n C0 x 2n C1x 2 3n C 2 x 3 ........... 1 n 1 C n x n
r r r
n n
r n 1 r n 1
21. 1 Cr 1 log10 Cr
r 0 1 log10 r 0 n 1 log10
n r r
n
1 n 1 1
1 1 log10. C r 1
1 log10 r 0 1 log10
n r 1
log10 log10 n r 1 1
1 n 1Cr 1
1 log10 1 log10 r 0 1 log10
n
log10 log10 1
1
1 log10 1 log10 1 log10
0
n n
1 1 n C1 n C3 n C5
26. 1
1 2 3 5 .....
x x x x x
n n
x 1 x 1 2 n C1x n 1 n C3 x n 3 n C5 x n 5 ......
n 1 n 1 n n
Differentiating n x 1 x 1 2 n 1 C1x n 2 n 3 C3 x n 4 ........
n 1 n 1
nx x 1 x 1 2 n 1 n C1x n 1 n 3 n C 3 x n 3 .......
n 1
Differentiating n x 1 x 1
n 1 n 2
x n 1 x 1 x 1
n2
2 n 1
2 n 2
C1 x n 2 n 3 n C3 x n 4 ........
Put x 1, n 2n 1 n 1 2n 2 2 n 1 n C1 n 3 n C3 .......
2 2
n 2n 1 2 n 2 n.2n 2 2 n 1 2 n 2
C1 n 3 n C3 ........
n 2n 2 n 1 2 n 1 2 n 2
C1 n 3 n C3 .......
2 n 2 n
n 1 C1 n 3 C3 ...... 2n 3 n n 1
n n r n r r
1
r n r n 3 r n 7
29. 1 . C r
1 C r 1 C r .......
r 0 2 r 0 4 r 0 8
n n n
1 3 7
1 1 1 ........
2 4 8
n n n
1 1 1
..........
2 4 8
n
1
2
= n
1
1
2
1
n
2 1
CENTERS: MUMBAI / DELHI / AKOLA / KOLKATA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / GOA # 11
30. Let 3 consecutive coefficients be n C r 2 , n C r , n Cr 1
2 n Cr 1 n Cr 1
If they are in HP, n Cr n
Cr 1 n Cr 1
n! 2 2 n!
r! n r ! 1 r 1! n r 1! r 1! n r 1!
n 1
C r 1 n
Cr 1
1 2 1
r 1 n r 1
r! n r ! r! n r !
n r r
r 1 n r 1
2
n r r
r 2 r n 2 nr n nr r 2 r 2nr 2r 2
4r 2 4nr n 2 n 0
2
2r n n 0 , which is not possible
2 2 2 2 2 2
27.
0 i j n
n
Ci n C j C0 C1 C0 C 2 C 0 C3 ....... C0 C n C1 C 2 ........
2 2
C1 Cn ....... C n 1C n
2
n C20 C12 C22 ......Cn 2p …………………(1)
2
Now, C0 C1 C2 ...... C n C r 2 2p
2p 22n 2n C n
from (1)
2
0 i j n
n
Ci n C j n 2n Cn 22n 2n C n
n 1 2n Cn 22n
1 1 4
n 1.4.7
35. 1 x 1 . ..................as
5 5 10 5.10.15
1 n n 1 2 4
nx and x
5 2 50
1 1
x 2
5 5
2 25
3
1 5x 4 x
5
CENTERS: MUMBAI / DELHI / AKOLA / KOLKATA / LUCKNOW / NASHIK / GOA # 12
3 1 1
n n
5 5 3
1/ 3
3 1
1 1 5
5 5
5 4
S 3
8 5
1
2
3
.............
2n 1
2n
C1 2n C2 2n C3 2n
C2n 1
1 2 2n 1
2n
2n ....................... 2n
C 2n 1 C 2n 2 C1
1 1 1 1
2S 2n 2n 2n 2n ..... 2n
C1 C2 C3 C 2n 1
1 1 1 1
S n k n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1
2 C1 C2 C2 C3
Sn
n n 1 n 2 x 3
3 25
1 4 n 2 .x
. .
5 10 3
1 4 1 21
. 1 2x
5 10 3 25
1 4 1 17
.
5 10 3 25
1 4
1 1 .
5 10
n n 1 2 1 4
nx 1 x .
2 5 10
21
x
25
n 1 1 4
.
2n 5 10
25
x 25n 25 4n
21
21n 25
n 2 n 1 ! n 1 n 2
2!3!
n
C3
n 2 n 1 n n r n r 1 ......n n 1 n 2 ..... n r
n 2 C3
3! r! r 1!
nr
Cr
n! n r !
r! r ! r 1!
n
C n r 1 ,n r C r .n!
n
C r 1 .n r C r .n!