FERTILIZER AS POLLUTANTS

Substances which are added to the soil to increase its fertility are called Fertilizers.

Many natural substance like leaves, cow dung, bone meal compost etc are used to make up the
deficiency of nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium in soils. These substance are known as natural
fertilizers.

Since the demand for fertilizers cannot be met by natural fertilizers alone, many compounds are
manufactured to provide nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous to plants. These chemicals are known as
artificial or chemical fertilizers.

River Erosion -- The Grand Canyon

At over 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide and one mile deep, the Grand Canyon has a reputation
as one of the most famous landforms in America. The natural processes which played a part in
forming it include the erosive action of the water and rock and soil debris flow carried by the
Colorado River. These forms of river erosion helped to both deepen and widen the canyon over the
course of millions of years, and continue to do so today.

Coastal Erosion

Sea stacks are large rock columns left standing isolated when the erosive effects of wind and waves
cause the collapse of a section of cliff. One of the largest examples of this in the world is "The Old
Man of Hoy." Located just off the west coast of the Orkney Islands in Scotland, the formation stands
at almost 450 feet high. Another prominent example of coastal erosion is Bogenfels Arch, a natural
sea-arch formed by the action of waves. Located in Namibia, it stands at a height of around 17 feet.

Wind Erosion
Wind loaded with sand in desert areas has an eroding effect on softer rocks over time. A famous
example of this is "The Wave" in the Navajo sandstone rocks of the Vermillion Cliffs National
Monument in Arizona. This landscape has effectively been sand-blasted into shape by the strong
winds in the area, which pick up sand from the surrounding desert. One of the troughs that has
formed resembles a breaking wave, which gave the feature its name.

Glacier Erosion

As glaciers move forward, they have an eroding effect on the surface rock and soil materials both
below and around them. The force of this movement creates a variety of landforms, which come into
view when the glacier retreats. The Matterhorn in Switzerland is an example of this, as its famous
shape was carved by the eroding force of glaciers. Other examples of glacial erosion landforms
include the fjords of Norway.
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Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater,
meltwater, or other sources flow over the Earth's surface. This can occur when the soil is saturated to
full capacity, and rain arrives more quickly than soil can absorb it. Surface runoff often occurs because
impervious areas (such as roofs and pavement) do
not allow water to soak into the ground. Surface
runoff is a major component of the water cycle. It
is the primary agent of soil erosion by water.[1][2]
The land area producing runoff that drains to a
common point is called a drainage basin.

Chemical Pollution by fertilizers may be

controlled by monitoring the application
of fertilizers so that everything is absorbed
by the plants and leaching loss
will be at minimal level.

The most practical solution is to reduce surface runoff.

FOOD AS POLLUTANTS

1. It is also known as mineral or commercial fertilizer. – INORGANIC FERTILIZER

2. It is the natural capability to produce offspring. - FERTILITY

3. Penetration of light into the water is diminished. This occurs because the algae forms mats as a result
of being produced faster than they are consumed. Diminished light penetration decreases the
productivity of plants living in the deeper waters (and hence their production of oxygen). What is the
major cause of this problem? Due to? What? - EUTROPHICATION

4. It can be described as the part of the water cycle that flows over land as surface water instead of
being absorbed into groundwater or evaporating. - RUNOFF

5. what are the 3 mostly composed of a fertilizer. – NITROGEN, POTASSIUM, PHOSPHORUS.

6. - ARIZONA

7. Give at least one factor causes runoff to occur. - METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS. PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISITIC OF LAND

8. If nitrates, are washed away. Phosphate are ______ on the surface of fine particles. - ABSORBED

9. A rapid increase accumulation in the population of algae.. –ALGAE BLOOM

10. CHEMICAL POLLUTION

_ _ _I_ A_
P_ _ L _ _ I _ N

-is defined as the presence or increase in our environment of chemical pollutants that are not naturally
present there or are found in amounts higher than their natural background values.