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2015). Firstly, De Nobile, Lyons and Gordon (2017) define misbehaviour as:
“behaviour that interferes with a students own learning or the learning of other
students.” These behaviours are passive or active and range from talking out of
2017). The origins of such behaviour are inter-relational and complex, needing a
Crawshaw found that serious misbehaviours were vandalism and stealing. The
most frequent and highest concern was TOOT (Crawshaw). Little (2005)
teacher relationships. One study by Demanet and Van Houtte (2012) found
that students misbehave if they perceive their teachers’ view them negatively.
reinforce this, teachers who had positive regard for their students tended to
have students perform above their perceived ability (Demanet and Van
how they interrelate with their students (Demanet and Van Houtte).
A study by Mcgrath and Van Bergen (2015) displayed the complex nature of
need to become less punitive in solutions. Mcgrath and Van Bergen shows the
being more likely to misbehave than girls; student ethnicity- if a students feels
out of place culturally and socio economic status (SES). The study underlines the
need to break the “cycle of disadvantage” in the classroom Mcgrath and Van
Bergen.
Mills, Clasen, Giedd, Viner and Blakemore (2014) highlights that adolescents
develop their limbic system (emotional functioning), faster than the cognitive
Lin (2015) noted that lack of sleep tended to have correlation to increased
stresses that theories and strategies for misbehaviour do not need to operate in
Howard, Steven, Herrington, Jan, Okely and Tony, 2016). The interviews
were individual and semi structured with an open question: “In your opinion
why do young people misbehave in school?” From this point participants were
encouraged to give their opinion and the interview acted like a “professional
conversation” (Kervin et al). The interviews lasted fifteen minutes and were
2007). Finally, participants were briefed on the purpose and signed consent
forms to ensure data was ethically collected (Shank, Brown, Launcelot and
Pringle, 2014). Gender of participants was on parity; ages ranged from 22-68
F1: Female, 54, Head Teacher English at Ashfield Boys High School, 31 years
teaching experience
M2: Male, 22, student, studying International Relations and Data Science at
M3: Male, 68, parent of two and retired secondary English Teacher
F3: Female, 44, Learning Support Teacher, Ashfield Boys High School
Findings:
Data collected from the participants’ was broken down into four categories:
home life, school factors, identity and peer relations and biology. The
days. Teacher impact in the classroom was seen as significant, which correlated
with F1’s and F2’s view that “teachers have to make the content engaging and
a student doesn’t like a subject they could “act out.” Both F2 and F3 identified
that a schools’ approach to behaviour management influenced how students
With Home life M1 and F1 identified parental attitudes were crucial. For
example, if parents did not respect teaching seeing it as “baby sitting” students
were likely not to respect teachers’ authority. M1, F1 and F3 highlighted the
impact of low SES on student behaviour: other elements such as abuse and
was important. For example, students from certain cultures, in her experience,
M3 inferred it evolved through peer influence: “It sometimes may not be peer
pressure but peer prestige, students are trying to define themselves in the
group.” Young people could either find negative or positive identities, which
supported F3’s assertion that students are looking for reinforcement “either
see what they can get away with and what is an appropriate way to act and be.”
could depend on their age and stage. The quiet kid becomes the provocateur
because of hormones.” M2 supported this idea stating: “Hormonal and
that disabilities could play a role in misbehaviour. M2 also indicated that gender
factors intersect in the classroom and that it can be a “butterfly effect”. This
correlated with M1’s statement that “the core thing is, you have 25-30 students
in your class with different scenarios.” Therefore, as F3 stated, “finding the origin
of the behaviour is important, the reason why” because if the ‘why’ is ascertained
Analysis:
The respondents reinforced the academic literature. One difference was student-
teacher relationships. Some stated indirectly (such as F2) “the teacher has to
make the content engaging.” However, both Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)
and Demanet and Van Houtte (2012) highlight how important student- teacher
achievement. Further, Mcgrath and Van Bergen (2015) indicate that student
Demanet and Van Houtte indicated that students’ perception of how their
teachers saw them corresponded with their academic performance. For example,
M1, M3, F1, F2 and F3 noted that curriculum delivery had an impact on
highlighted the need to enable every student to interact in the classroom and feel
who feel connected and safe in the classroom report lower levels of
misbehaviour.
participant mentioned the limbic system maturing faster than the cognitive
(2011) who posits peer relationships are relational to identity. Sleep patterns
correlation between low sleep hours and student misbehaviour. There was also
in increase in defiance, compared to students who slept well. Lin and Yi posited
Finally, M1,M3, F1 and F3 noted that behavioural causes and reasons are
multifaceted. This is backed by De Nobile, Lyons and Gordon (2017) who state
Bergen (2015) findings that reasons for misbehaviour range from their SES,
Ullman (2015) i.e. in student behaviour, teacher relationships and beliefs are
impactful. Thus, reasons for misbehaviour are multiple, therefore so are the
solutions.
The literature and interview data clarifies that student behaviour is complex,
“students would like school more when they could live up to the expectations of
that are agreed and formed with students so students have an understanding of
context, its relevance and what is expected of them (Demanet, & Van Houtte).
teachers is pivotal for pedagogy (De Nobile, Lyons and Gordon, 2017). Student
misbehaviour serves a need. Students seek connectedness with both peers and
show a student that they value their relationship by greeting them warmly,
knowing their names and interests. Additionally as Mcgrath and Van Bergen.
(2015) highlighted, whole school culture and strategies such as giving students a
sense of achievement beyond typical areas can create a high expectation school
students. (Hattie, 2012; Gross, Macleod, and Prestorius, 2001). One way to
enable this is through the Quality Teaching Model. Through its guidelines such
teachers are able to guide their lessons to have the highest impact on their
students: “the strongest positive results for Aboriginal students came from tasks
where students were given clear criteria for the quality of work required, when
expectations were high and when they had some choice in their work” (Amosa,
Ladwig, Griffiths and Gore, 2009, p. 13). QTM empowers teachers and students to
impact teacher’s classroom has almost a years’ advantage over his peers in a
important for gifted and talented students (GAT) who often present as
compacted so content is not repeated (ref). In doing this “these students are then
Teachers must be aware of issues such as, low SES, abusive or neglectful homes,
sexuality and identity. Ferfolja, Jones-Diaz, Criss and Ullman (2015) state
important, teachers should come with positive approach and address issues
crucial as many students are looking to adults to model behaviour (De Nobile,
Lyons and Gordon, 2017). When students are at risk, there must be a whole-
their relationship with their students and how it affects teaching and learning in
the classroom (Demanet, & Van Houtte, 2012). Therefore, teachers must have
strong interpersonal skills that enable students to feel connected and safe.
Finally, effective teaching ensures quality learning for all students and teacher
Amosa, W., Ladwig, J., Griffiths, T., & Gore, J. (2009). Quality teaching matters.
Side by Side.
Essex: Pearson.
Cohen, L., Manion, Lawrence, Morrison & Keith (2007). Research methods in
Gross, M., Macleod, B., Prestorius M., (2001). Gifted students in secondary
Information Centre.
Kervin, L., Vialle, W., Howard, Steven J., Herrington, J., & Okely, T.
Cengage Learning.
Lin, W., & Yi, C. (2015). Unhealthy Sleep Practices, Conduct Problems, and
Mcgrath, & Van Bergen. (2015). Who, when, why and to what end?: Students
VT: Ashgate/Dartmouth.
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. The Urban