BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

POWER ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT

(ELE3202)

BY

MUHAMMAD SALISU
ENG/16/COM/00241
1. What are the procedures/Stages require for the Construction of 11/33KV Overhead
line network for Rural Electrification of a particular village.

The stages/procedure required involve undergoing two 2 Kind of Surveys.

 Preliminary Survey
This kind of survey is undergone by first visiting the proposed area in order to access the
nearest grid (transmission) system and to identify its voltage level. This will enable you to
know the kind of materials you will need for the construction of the 11 or 33kV overhead
line network of the village.
The path between the existing grid system and the new area of interest is surveyed,
taking note of the land area, its nature, possible terrain and the length or distance
between the existing and new site. After undergoing this survey, the proposed route/path
of the overhead line (position of the poles) and transformer substation will be drawn
noting the total number of spans involved, poles and their required stays are also noted.

 Load Survey

This survey is done to know the amount of load the transformer, feeder pillar and
associated materials will require for the installation. This can be achieved by surveying the
existing houses, hospitals, offices and industries to enable you to calculate the required
KW or KVA load.

2. What do you understand by stay complete? State four (4) Components of stay
structure.

A stay is like a structure attached to the overhead line poles with cables, to provide
support to the poles as they take the pull due to conductors. The minimum angle between
the pole and the stay is said to be 30°.

Components of stay structure:

 Stay Cable/wire: it's used to transfer load or to hold poles in position.

 Stay rod: it's used to hold the cables between the pole and ground support. Stay
rod is embedded in cement concrete(1:3:6) to a depth of not lessthan 1.67m keeping
length of 46cm of the rod projected above the ground level.
 Stay Clamp: it's attached to the pole by means of well spiced joints and enables
the wire connection between the clamp and the stay rod.
 Stay Insulator. This are insulators wrap over the stay wire to safeguard it from
conducting electricity.
3. How can you identify 11kV from 33kV overhead line networks? And 33kV distribution
transformers from 11kV distribution transformers.

Identification of 11KV from 33kV overhead line;

 11kV are more common in residential area while 33kV lines are not usually found close
to residential area.
 The length of the cross arm is normally 9 feet for 33kV line and 6 feet for 11kV line.
The distance between two poles in 11kV line is five feet apart while 33kV is 8 feet
apart

4. What is Earthing?

This is the process of transferring immediate discharge of Electrical energy directly to

the earth by the help of the low resistance wire known as electrical earthing.

State the importance of earthing in electrical Installations.

 To stabilize the voltage to earth during normal operation

 To limit voltage due to unintentional contact of the supply with higher voltage lines.
 To ensure of provide a means of ensuring that a path is created for immediate safe
discharge of fault current to earth.

Give the full meaning of the following:

 AAC - All Aluminium Conductors

 ACSR - Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
 PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
 HV - High Voltage
 LV - Low Voltage
5. What is the recommended planting depth of HT pole.

Pole depth must be 6 feet but where the soil is hard or rocky 4 feet and concrete from
the base will be accepted.

6. What is the appropriate size of earth conductor use in distribution substation.

300m for each terminal pole

7. List five(5) PPE or protective devices recommended for use when carrying out
electrical installation works
i. Helmet
 ii. Goggles
iii. Gloves
iv. Safety footwear
v. Hearing protectors

8. State four(4) protective devices normally found in distribution substations.

i. Electrical/Insulation Blankets
ii. Live-line tools/hot sticks
iii. Face masks
iv. Hard hats

9. Mention the frequency and system voltages use in Nigeria.

In Nigeria the standard voltage is 230V and the frequency is 50Hz

10. List five(5) overhead line materials or equipments use in distribution power system
networks.

i. Conductors
ii. Supports
iii. Insulators
iv. Cross arms
v. Miscellaneous Items
11. What do you understand by single pole, double pole and three pole structures
in HT distribution networks
 A single pole use a stand alone pole in distribution networks
 A double pole use two separate normally alongside a transformer between the pole
12. What are the appropriate supports use at the river and highway crossings
when constructing HT overhead line networks.
 River crossing tower
 Highway crossing tower

14. Give the appropriate feeder pillar ratings for 100KVA, 200KVA, 300KVA and
500KVA transformers.

For transformer from 100kVA upto 500kVA their appropriate feeder pillar ratings are
100A, 200A, 400A and 800A respectively.