Group No.

2 November 27, 2015

CE-3201 Weather: Sunny

Members Designation
Alay, Tristan M. Rear Tapeman
Ausa, Pamela Adelee H Instrumentman
.Cantos, Joselle B. Flagman
Dimaano, Ericsson A. Chief of the Party
Hernandez, Eiselle Joy M. Instrumentman
Manalo, Jennica Ashley D. Head Tapeman
Manalo, Ruzzel Joy C. Computer/Recorder
Politico, Rigo Theodore T. Flagman
Wagan, Marie Joy R. Instrumentman
 FIELDWORK NO. 1
LAYING OUT A CURVE BY DEFLECTION ANGLE
Objective:

To set or lay out a simple horizontal curve using Rankine Method

Theory:

Horizontal curve is a transition element in geometric design for highways. It provides a

proper transition between two tangent strips of a roadway, allowing vehicles to turn at a gradual
manner, rather than a sharp cut. The radius of the curve determines the sharpness or flatness of
the curve. In setting or laying out a horizontal curve along a road way, two methods can be used:
Laying out a curve by Deflection Angle (Rankine Method) and by Two Theodolite Method.
Using Rankine Method, the curve is set out by the use of deflection angles turned at the point of
curvature from the tangent line to the points along the curve. This method uses station
measurements, while Two Theodolite Method does not. Using Two Theodolite Method, the
curve is set out through angular measurements only. In this method, two theodolites are used,
one at the point of curvature and one at the point of tangency, to simultaneously measure
deflection angles from both points.

Instrument:

 1 Digital Theodolite
 1 50 meter tape
 2 range poles
 Set of chaining pins

Methodology:

1. A theodolite is set up at the point of curvature 𝑇1 and get its temporary adjusted.
2. The vernier A is set to zero, and get the upper plate clamped. After opening the lower
plate main screw, sight the point of intersection, V. then the lower plate main screw gets
tightened and get the point V bisected exactly using the lower plate tangent screw. Now
the line of sight is in direction of the rear tangent 𝑇1 V and the vernier A reads zero.
3. Open the upper plate main screw, and set the vernier A to the deflection angle Da. The
line of sight is now directed along the chord 𝑇1 a. Clamp the upper plate.
4. Hold the zero end of the steel tape at 𝑇1 . Note a mark equal to the first chord length 𝐶1 on
the tape and swing an arrow pointed at the mark around ‘a’ till it is bisected along the line
of sight. The arrow point then indicates the position of the first peg ‘a’. Fix the first peg at
‘a’.
 5. Unclamp the upper plate, and set the vernier A to the deflection angle Db. The line of
sight is now directed along 𝑇1 𝑏.
6. With the zero end of the tape at a, and an arrow at a mark on the tape equal to the normal
chord length C, swing the tape around b until the arrow is bisected along the line of sight.
Fix the second peg at the point b at the arrow point.
7. Repeat steps (5) and (6) till the last point is reached. The last point so located must
coincide with the tangent point 𝑇2 already fixed from the point of intersection.

Computation:

PI (V) ∆= 70°25′ ∆ = 250°24′ 52 – 180° 180°𝐶 180°(1𝑚)

𝛿𝑎 = =
2𝜋𝑅 2𝜋(23.67𝑚)
T = 16.7 m
T = 16.7 m = 70°24′ 52 = 1°12′
∆/2
PC PT 180°(6𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
C = 27.32m 𝛿=
∆ 𝑇 𝑇 2𝜋(23.67𝑚)
𝑡𝑎𝑛 = → 𝑅= = 7°15′
2 𝑅 ∆
𝑡𝑎𝑛 2
R
R
180°(3.22𝑚)
16.7 𝛿= = 4°9′
𝑅= 70°25′ = 23.67m 2𝜋(23.67𝑚)
𝑡𝑎𝑛
2

∆𝑎 = 1°12′ ∆𝑓

∆𝑏 = 1°12′ + 7°15′ = 8° 27′ ∆𝑒

∆𝑐 = 8° 27′ + 7°15′ = 15° 42′ ∆𝑑

∆𝑑 = 15° 42′ + 7°15′ = 22° 57′ ∆𝑐

∆𝑏
∆𝑒 = 22° 57′ + 7°15′ = 30° 12′ ∆𝑎
b c
∆𝑓 = 30° 12′ + 4°9′ = 34° 21′ a d
e
f
 POINT/CHORD ANGLE OF LENGTH OF CHORD
DEFLECTION per STATION
a 1°12′ 1m
b 8°27′ 6m
c 15°42′ 6m
d 22°57′ 6m
e 30°12′ 6m
f 34°21′ 3.44m

Error = Actual ∆/2 - Experimented ∆/2

= 35° 12′ − 34°21′

= 0° 51′

Analysis:

Circular curves are laid out in the field by measuring off a series of chords along the arc.
Since the angle from the PC to a point on a circular curve is one- half of the central angle
(70ᵒ24’52”) then we have 70ᵒ24’52”/2 or equivalent to 35ᵒ12’26”. We set first station to 1 m, one
180° 𝐶
full station to 6 m, and last to 3.22 m. Using the formula 𝛿 = we get 1m station angle to
2𝜋𝑅
have 1ᵒ12’, 7ᵒ15’ each for 6m stations and the last is 4ᵒ9’. To lay out the curve, we also use the
angle for each point which will need simple addition and we get <a=1ᵒ12’, <b=8ᵒ27’, <c=15ᵒ42’,
<d=22ᵒ57’, <e=30ᵒ12’, <f= 34ᵒ21’. Since we usually layout the curve in half stations or less, the
difference is smaller, and possibly negligible. Overall our error in angle differs by 0ᵒ51’ so we
assumed that our field work is acceptable.

Conclusion:

In order to lay out a curve by use of deflection angles, we need to set a point anywhere in
the field and on that point, we need to set up a tripod and theodolite, that point is our starting
point of the curve or point of curvature (PC) of our field work. By using a theodolite, we may
rotate it by 180° in order to find the vertex or the point of intersection (PI). Measure the distance
from the two points PC to PI. The two points is named as the tangent distance (T1) and other
tangent distance (T2) must be plotted on the field. T1 and T2 are equal on distance. The ending
point of T2 is the Point of Tangency (PT). Measure the angle from the starting point of the curve
to the point of tangency. The angle must be subtracted to 180° to determine the deflection angle.
The sub chords are provided at the beginning and end of the curve to adjust the actual length of
the curve. The method is based on the assumption that there is no difference between length of
the arcs and their corresponding chords of normal length or less.
Golden Country Homes Subdivision

Mega Heights Subdivision