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01. You have just gotten a pit bull puppy from an Text 03.
animal shelter. He’s lovable but nervous. If
L.L Zamenhof would later say that he had
you raise your voice for any reason, he cowers
dreamed of a world language since he was a
and trembles. If you scold him, he hides.
child. At first he considered a revival of Latin,
When you got him from the shelter, he had a
but after learning it in school he decided it
deep scratch across his nose.
was too complicated to be a common means
What can you imply from the above text? of international communication. When he
(A) someone purchased the puppy for me learned English, he realized that verb conjuga-
(B) the puppy is obedient tions were unnecessary, and that grammatical
(C) the puppy may have been abused previ- systems could be much simpler than he had
ously expected. He still had the problem of memo-
(D) something or someone scratched his rizing a large vocabulary, until he noticed two
nose Russian signs labeled Швейцарская -
from швейцар, which means porter’s house
02. Although locke has been hailed as a giant fig- and porter, respectively- and Кондитерская–
ure in European intellectual history, his ideas from кондитер, which means a confectioner’s
were largely borrowed from his predecessors, shop and confectioner, respectively. He then
who are now unfairly neglected by historians. realized that a judicious use of affixes could
Furthermore, Locke never wrote works are greatly decrease the number of root words
muddy in style, awkwardly constructed, and needed for communication. He chose to take
often self-contradictory. his vocabulary from Romance and Germanic,
the languages that were most widely taught in
What can be inferred about the passage? schools around the world and would therefore
(A) current historians are re-evaluating the be recognizable to the largest number of peo-
work of Locke in the light of present-day ple.
knowledge [source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_experanto]
(B) historians should re-examine Locke’s place
in European intellectual history 03. It can be inferred from the passage that ....
(C) although Locke’s ideas were important, his (A) L.L Zamenhof thought that Latin was too
way of expressing them in writing was complicated to use globally
sadly inadequate (B) Latin language was not quite used by
(D) locke’s contributions to the development people anymore
of European thought have been greatly (C) English was a global language
exaggerated (D) Russian language had larger root words
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Xpedia Bahasa Inggris
Latihan Reading 1 - Main Idea, Topic, Title
Doc. Name: XPINGA301 Doc. Version : 2016-04 | halaman 1
Not since Americans crossed the continent 03. It can be concluded from the text that …
in covered wagons have they exercised and (A) A waffle iron became a tool in making
dieted as strenuously as they are doing today. shoes
Consequently, they do not only look younger (B) inventions often occur during breakfast
and slimmer, but feel better. Because of (C) curiosity can lead to a great invention
increased physical fitness, life expectancy in (D) Nike shoes are the first sport shoes
the nation has risen to seventy-three years, (E) Many companies are not into athletic
with fewer people suffering from heart shoes
disease, the nation‟s number one killer.
[source: Peterson’s TOEFL]
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About a billion years after the earth had The first people we know created plays
formed, the first signs of life appeared. were the Ancient Greeks, about the year 500
Three billion years elapsed before creatures B.C. They divided plays into two kinds: trag-
became complex enough to leave fossils edy and comedy. This division is still used
their descendants could recognize and learn today. The best known Ancient Greek writ-
from. These were shelled creatures called ers of plays are Aeschylus, Sophocles, Eurip-
trilobites, followed by jawless fish, the first ides and Aristophanes. Some of their plays
vertebrates. During the Devonian period, survived, and are still performed today.
great upheavals occured in the earth‟s crust, These ancient Greek plays were
resulting in the formation of mountains and performed outdoors in large amphitheatres,
in the ebb and flow of oceans. In the so that many people could see them. There
aftermath, beds of mud rich in organic were contests among the playwrights (people
matter nourished vegetation, and insects, who write plays are called playwrights) and
scorpions, and spiders appeared. Next the winner would get a prize.
developed the amphibians, descendants of The Greeks were full of brilliant ideas.
fish that had crawled out of fresh water. They used mechanical devices like trap doors
Between 225 and 65 million years ago, and the machina: a crane for winching gods
reptiles developed from which many new on and off the stage. They had a Greek
forms grew until finally evolved the chorus that offered information to help the
mammal. Dinosaurs were overgrown audience follow the performance. The
reptiles. Although some were as small as chorus comments on themes, and shows
chickens, others grew to be the largest how an audience might react to the drama.
animals on Earth, as long as 82 feet and as The players wore masks. Illustrations on
heavy as 50 tons, with long necks and a vases show helmet-like masks, covering the
liking for a vegetarian diet. Current theory entire face and head, with holes for the eyes
suggests that dinosaurs were warm-blooded and a small aperture for the mouth, plus a
and behaved more like mammals than like wig. The mask was to „melt‟ into the face and
reptiles. allow the actor to vanish into the role.
The end of the Mesozoic Era (middle Therefore, onlookers did not think about the
life) saw the inexplicable demise of actor, but thought about the character.
dinosaurs and large swimming and flying [source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/
birds. Geological changes were converting Theatre]
the giant land mass into separate continents.
The beginning of a new era, called Cenozoic 05. The main topic of the passage above is …
(recent life), saw the marked predominance (A) tragedy and comedy in Ancient Greece.
of mammals that would ultimately become (B) why Ancient Greece excels in art.
man‟s ancestors. (C) history of plays in Ancient Greece.
[source: Peterson’s TOEFL] (D) the technology in Ancient Greek
theatres.
04. What would be a good title for this reading? (E) history of art in Ancient Greece.
(A) How Reptiles Became Dinosaurs.
(B) The Ages of Man.
(C) The Evolution of Life.
(D) The Formation of the Earth.
(E) How Dinosaurs extinct.
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When your parents were growing up, An investigation into how owls fly and
learning to write in cursive was almost as hunt in silence has enabled researchers to
common as learning to read or add. But in develop a prototype coating for wind turbine
recent years, many schools have stopped blades that could significantly reduce the
teaching this flowing form of handwriting, amount of noise they make. Early tests of
also known as script. the material, which mimics the intricate
Some people think that writing in cursive structure of an owl's wing, have
is outdated and that learning to type is a demonstrated that it could significantly
more important skill. They argue that most reduce the amount of noise produced by
pe opl e now spe n d mo re time wind turbines and other types of fan blades,
communicating by texting and emailing than such as those in computers or planes. Since
they do writing by hand. wind turbines are heavily braked in order to
But not everyone wants to write off cur- minimise noise, the addition of this new
sive. This fall for the first time in about 15 surface would mean that they could be run at
years, students at Green Primary School in much higher speeds—producing more
Uniontown, Ohio, will be taught to write in energy while making less noise. For an
cursive. Some schools in Tennessee and average-sized wind farm, this could mean
Missouri are also bringing cursive back. several additional megawatts worth of
Studies have shown that learning to write electricity.
in script may improve critical-thinking skills [source: www.cam.ac.uk/research/news]
and coordination. Kimberly Brueck is an
administrator at Green Primary School. She 08. The text tells us about …
says her school has another important
(A) how owls fly and hunt without making a
reason for bringing cursive-writing lessons
noise.
back into classrooms. “Children need to
(B) a new development in wind turbine
know how to sign their names!” she says.
blade coats to reduce noise.
[source: sni.scholastic.com] (C) the efficiency of wind turbine blades
compared to other sources of energy.
06. The passage tells us about … (D) how to save the earth with
(A) why learning cursive is very important. environmentally-friendly wind energy.
(B) why learning cursive is no longer (E) producing more energy in wind turbines.
important.
(C) some schools that teach children to Passage 8 (soal 9)
write in cursive.
(D) a study about the effect of writing in The morning on August 14TH 2015, the
cursive. silence in Nagasaki was broken only by a
(E) the pros and cons of learning to write in tolling bell. The Japanese city has marked 70
cursive. years since the dropping of the last atomic
bomb on a civilian target in the closing days
07. The main idea of the second paragraph is … of World War II.
(A) the reason why learning cursive is no The memorial ceremony held at the
longer important. Nagasaki Peace Park took place right under
(B) the advance of technology in writing. where the bomb exploded at 11:02 on
(C) the effect of writing in cursive. August 9TH of 1945. Prime Minister Shinzo
(D) people can write in cursive through Abe said he was renewing his vows to push
texting and emailing. more nuclear disarmament.
(E) typing in cursive is a more important
skill.
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“As the world‟s only country to have But some people are concerned that
experienced an atomic bomb during a war having Wi-Fi will distract visitors from the
and in adherence to our three non-nuclear natural beauty of the parks. David Smith is
principles, I have renewed our vows to lead the superintendent of Joshua Tree National
the world in the effort towards nuclear Park in California. He thinks national parks
disarmament in order to achieve a world should add Wi-Fi only to some areas, like the
without nuclear weapons.” visitor centers. He wants visitors to be able
The US dropped atomic bomb to enjoy the scenery without hearing cell
nicknamed “Fat Man” on Nagasaki three phones ringing. “One of the neatest things
days after the atomic bombing of about visiting a park is the chance to get
Hiroshima. More than 150,000 died in the away from a lot of the distractions that
attack and from the subsequent radiation interfere in our normal lives,” he says.
sickness. Japan surrendered six days later, [source: sni.scholastic.com]
ending World War II.
[source: www.newsinlevels.com/products/ 10. The text tells us about …
seventy-years-after-fat-man-level-3] (A) arguments for and against installing
Wi-Fi in the national parks.
09. Which is the most suitable title for the (B) why having Wi-Fi in national parks is
passage? considered negative.
(A) The Bombing of Hiroshima and (C) why having Wi-Fi in national parks is
Nagasaki important to attract younger people to
(B) Shinzo Abe‟s Nuclear Disarmament the park.
Plans (D) technology can distract people from the
(C) The Impact of Nagasaki Atomic nature.
Bombing on Civilians (E) distractions usually interfere in our
(D) Japan, After World War II normal life.
(E) Commemorating Nagasaki Atomic
Bombing 11. The best title for the text is …
(A) Wi-Fi: Advantages and Disadvantages
Passage 9 (soal 10-11) (B) The Younger and Older People Debate
about Installing Wi-Fi in Our National
Birds soon might not be the only ones Parks
tweeting in our national parks. Before long, (C) Younger People Tweet in National
Wi-Fi service may be available in some parks Parks
for the first time. Having Wi-Fi would enable (D) Tweeting from Our National Parks Be-
park visitors to use their smartphones to comes Reality
connect to the Internet or to text or call their (E) Wi-Fi in National Parks: Yes or No?
friends.
Cell service is extremely limited in many Passage 10 (Soal 12 - 13)
parks, according to the National Park
Service. Someone who takes a selfie in a park Ebola virus is a very dangerous virus. It
often has to leave the park before sharing it causes a hemorrhagic fever called Ebola
with friends on sites like Twitter or virus disease. “Hemorrhagic” means that the
Instagram. People in favor of adding Wi-Fi victim will bleed a lot, inside and outside
say it will help attract younger people to the their body. Out of every 10 people who get
parks. Ebola, on average five to nine die. There are
four kinds of Ebola virus that can cause the
disease. The virus was first found in Sudan.
It is found in Africa, with very few cases in
Europe and the United States.
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The Ebola virus that makes people sick 13. What is the topic of paragraph 1?
lives in the blood and other liquids and wet (A) Symptoms of Ebola.
things in some kinds of non-human animals (B) The definition of Ebola.
without killing them. Scientists think the (C) The Spread of Ebola Virus.
animals it lives in are mainly some kinds of (D) How to prevent Ebola.
monkeys or fruit bats. When people touch (E) The background information about
animals that have the virus, or wet things Ebola Virus.
that came out of those animals, they can get
sick. Ebola cannot be caught through the air, Passage 11 (soal 14)
or by being near sick people. The virus can
only go from liquids into people‟s bodies. Caffeine is in coffee, tea and other prod-
This means Ebola can be caught by touching ucts people consume every day, so why is
a sick person‟s blood, saliva, mucus, semen, powdered caffeine dangerous?
diarrhea, vomit, or other fluids that come On Tuesday (Sept. 1), the Food and
out of a sick person‟s body. Drug Administration announced that it had
When people get Ebola the first issued warning letters to five companies that
symptoms look like some other diseases. sell powdered caffeine, saying that their
People get a fever and feel very tired. Their products pose a "significant or unreasonable
head, stomach, joints, and throat might hurt. risk of illness or injury to consumers.”
Sometimes, people think they have other Powdered caffeine products are much
diseases like malaria or typhoid fever. Later, more potent than caffeine-containing
people get much sicker. They bleed both beverages like coffee, and they're dangerous
inside and outside their bodies. They have because it is easy for people to consume a
blood in their diarrhea and vomit. They lethal amount of powdered caffeine, the
bleed from their noses, mouths, and genitals. FDA said.
They got low blood pressure, fast pulse, and Just 1 teaspoon of the caffeine powder
low blood circulation to the body. Their contains about the same amount of caffeine
organs might stop working. as 28 cups of regular coffee, the FDA said.
There is no cure for Ebola, but if people In fact, 2 teaspoons of powdered caffeine
get care quickly from doctors and nurses at a would kill most adults, according to the
hospital, more of them live. People with Centers for Science in the Public Interest.
Ebola need a lot of fluids to replace fluids " Po w d e r e d c a f f e i n e i s v e r y
lost from diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding. concentrated," said Henry Spiller, director of
The most important care is giving them Central Ohio Poison Center at Nationwide
water with a very small amount of salt and Children's Hospital. Most people are so
sugar in it. This is called oral rehydration. It comfortable with the effects of caffeinated
helps to replace their fluids and blood. It is beverages like coffee and soda that they
also important to give medicines in case they don't realize that the amount they ingest is
get bad blood pressure and blood just milligrams, Spiller said.
circulation. The amount of caffeine in a teaspoon
[source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ can vary in different powdered caffeine
Ebola_virus] products, the FDA noted. A teaspoon of
some powdered products can have about 5
12. What is the best title for the passage? grams of caffeine; by comparison, a cup of
(A) Why Ebola Virus Spreads. coffee has about 65 to 100 milligrams of
(B) How to Prevent Ebola Disease. caffeine, Spiller said.
(C) Ebola Disease. At that level, 1 teaspoon of the powder
(D) The History of Ebola Virus. contains as much caffeine as 50 to 75 cups
(E) Is There a Cure for Ebola Disease? of coffee.
"This is enormous. This is an overdose,"
Spiller told Live Science.
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Xpedia Bahasa Inggris
Latihan Reading 2 - Detail Questions
Doc. Name: XPINGA302 Doc. Version : 2016-04 | halaman 1
Passage 1 (soal 1 - 2) 02. The effects of tear gas are the following,
Tear gas, any of various chemicals that EXCEPT…
produce severe eye irritation, usually (A) eye irritation.
resulting in a blinding flow of tears and (B) skin cancer.
often also minor skin and respiratory (C) coughing.
irritations, such as itching and coughing. Tear (D) itching.
gas is used primarily by police and troops for (E) tearful eyes.
mob control. The effects of tear gas are tem-
porary and recovery is complete, usually Passage 2 (soal 3)
within a few minutes. A gas mask will An autonomous car, also known as
protect the wearer against tear gas. uncrewed vehicle, self-driving car, and
Chemical compounds used as tear gases robotic car is an autonomous vehicle capable
are called lacrimators. Lacrimators, which of fulfilling the main transportation capabili-
exist most often in liquid or solid form, are ties of a traditional car. As an autonomous
usually dispersed into the air as gases by vehicle it is capable of sensing its environ-
being exploded from grenades, bombs, or ment and navigating without human input.
shells. (The liquid or solid lacrimators are Robotic cars exist mainly as prototypes and
vaporized by the heat of the explosion.) demonstration systems. As of 2014, the only
Liquid lacrimators, as well as solid self-driving vehicles that are commercially
lacrimators dissolved in liquids, are available are open-air shuttles for pedestrian
sometimes sprayed into the air. The most zones that operate at 20.1 km/h.
widely used lacrimator is chloroacetophe- Autonomous vehicles sense their
none (CN); others include o chlorobenzal- surroundings with such techniques as radar,
malononitrile( C S )and chloropicrin (PS). lidar, GPS, and computer vision. Advanced
Tear gases were widely used during World control systems interpret sensory informa-
War I. Tear gases mixed with vomiting gases tion to identify appropriate navigation paths,
were used in the Vietnamese War. as well as obstacles and relevant signage. By
[source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/tear-gas- definition, autonomous vehicles are capable
info.htm] of updating their maps based on sensory
input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of
01. Which one is TRUE according to the text? their position even when conditions change
(A) Tear gases were also used during World or when they enter uncharted environments.
War II. S o m e demonstrative systems, precursory
(B) The effects of tear gas are permanent. to autonomous cars, data back to the 1920s
(C) Tear gas create chemical compounds and 30s. The first truly autonomous cars
called lacrimators. appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon
(D) chloroacetophenone is one example of University’s Navlab and ALV projects in
lacrimator. 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Eureka
(E) Tear gases are always mixed with vomit- Prometheus Project in 1987. Since then,
ing gases. numerous major companies and research
organizations have developed working
prototype autonomous vehicles.
[source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_car]
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03. Which one is WRONG according to the text? When a well-trained examiner uses a
(A) By 2014, there is only one self-driving polygraph, he or she can detect lying with
vehicles that are commercially available. high accuracy. However, because the exam-
(B) Autonomous vehicles have no human iner's interpretation is subjective and because
drivers. different people react differently to lying, a
(C) The predecessor of autonomous polygraph test is not perfect and can be
vehicles had existed since the 1920s. fooled.
(D) Autonomous vehicles may sense their [source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/
question123.htm]
environments and make decisions
accordingly.
04. According to the text, we may know that a
(E) Only one organizations have developed
person is lying through polygraph from his/
autonomous vehicles.
her signs below, EXCEPT …
Passage 3 (soal 3 - 6) (A) heart rate.
(B) perspiration.
You hear about lie detectors all the time
(C) blood pressure.
in police investigations, and sometimes a
(D) facial expression.
person applying for a job will have to
(E) limb movement.
undergo a polygraph test. For example,
certain government jobs with the FBI or
05. When the polygraph test begins, the exam-
CIA require polygraph tests. The goal of a
iner asks some simple questions to …
lie detector is to see if the person is telling
the truth or lying when answering certain (A) detect whether the test-taker is lying or
questions. telling the truth.
When a person takes a polygraph test, (B) establish the norms in the society.
four to six sensors are attached to him. A (C) ensure that the polygraph works.
polygraph is a machine in which the multiple (D) set up the test-taker’s normal signals.
("poly") signals from the sensors are (E) record the person’s signals on the
recorded on a single strip of moving paper moving paper.
("graph"). The sensors usually record: The
person’s breathing rate, the person’s pulse, 06. Which one is WRONG according to the test?
the person’s blood pressure, the person’s (A) Signals from two lying people can be
perspiration. Sometimes a polygraph will different from each other.
also record things like arm and leg (B) To catch a person’s signals during poly-
movement. graph, some sensors are implanted un-
When the polygraph test starts, the der his or her skin.
questioner asks three or four simple (C) Polygraph test is greatly accurate.
questions to establish the norms for the (D) Some people’s lies may be undetected
person's signals. Then the real questions when examined by the polygraph.
being tested by the polygraph are asked. (E) The interpretation of polygraph test de-
Throughout questioning, all of the person's pends on the examiner.
signals are recorded on the moving paper.
Both during and after the test, a poly-
graph examiner can look at the graphs and
can see whether the vital signs changed
significantly on any of the questions. In
general, a significant change, such as a faster
heart rate, higher blood pressure, increased
perspiration, indicates that the person is
lying.
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Xpedia Bahasa Inggris
Latihan Reading 3 - Referent Questions
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Passage 1 (soal 1 - 4) 04. The underlined word “their” (line 20) refers
Free City, a town or city that governs itself to .…
and is independent, or largely independent, of (A) Hanseatic League
the country in which it is located. The distinc- (B) free cities of North Germany
tion between a free city and a city-state is mostly (C) the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and
a matter of size and strength; a city-state is gen- the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg
erally more powerful and controls more territory. (D) states of Germany
The independent cities of ancient times were (E) free cities in general
called city-states, as were the independent cities
of medieval Italy. Passage 2 (Soal 5 - 7)
Free cities were most common during the Apartheid, a South African policy of racial
Middle Ages, especially in the Holy Roman Em- separation. The word is Afrikaans for "apartness,"
pire. Beginning in the 13th century, Lübeck, and it originated in the 1930's to describe the ra-
Hamburg, Bremen, and Cologne, among others, cial policies of the National Party, which was pre-
were established as free cities in the Holy Roman dominantly supported by Afrikaners (Boers).
Empire. At the time many of the free cities of When the National Party won power in 1948
North Germany united to form the Hanseatic apartheid became government policy. The policy
League. Two cities, the Free Hanseatic City of lasted until 1991, when the government repealed
Bremen and the Free Hanseatic City of Ham- the laws that established apartheid. In 1992 in a
burg (as they are officially called), retained much national referendum, South Africa's white voters
of their autonomy after German unification in supported the ending of apartheid.
1871 and are now states of Germany. The official aim of apartheid was separate de-
[source: http://history.howstuffworks.com/middle-ages/freecity.htm] velopment of white and nonwhite peoples, each
according to their own cultural traditions. Oppo-
01. The underlined word “itself” (line 1) refers to nents of this policy asserted that its real purpose
…. was to protect the supremacy of the white minor-
(A) city ity. Apartheid laws mandated segregation in such
(B) government areas as housing and education. All nonwhites
(C) citizen were denied political rights until 1984, when
(D) country South Africa created a tricameral parliament to
(E) independence give Coloreds (persons of mixed race) and Asians
(Indians) a voice in the government.
02. The underline word “it” (line 3) refers to …. Many blacks were forced to live in rural, im-
poverished areas called Bantustans, or homelands.
(A) country
Some Bantustans were given independence, but
(B) free city
foreign governments never recognized them as
(C) city-state
independent . The Bantustans were abolished in
(D) citizen
1993, when South Africa adopted a new constitu-
(E) independence
tion that provided full political rights to blacks.
03. The underlined word “others” (line 14) refers [source: history.howstuffworks.com/african-history/ apartheid.htm]
to ….
(A) Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, and Co-
logne
(B) Middle Ages
(C) empires
(D) free cities
(E) centuries
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05. The underlined word „which‟ (line 5) refers to There was only one clue to what might have
… happened: One of the ship's two pumps had
(A) Apartheid been partially disassembled, and there was water
(B) Afrikaans sloshing inside the ship's bottom, suggesting that
(C) apartness the Mary Celeste had suffered a mechanical mal-
(D) racial policies function. Even so, the Mary Celeste was still sail-
(E) the National Party able. One theory is that the captain mistakenly
thought it was about to sink, so they abandoned
06. The underlined word „its‟ (line 17) refers to ship for a lifeboat and drowned at sea. There are
… also wilder explanations, ranging from a mutiny
to an attack by a sea monster, but more than 140
(A) official aim
years later, nobody really knows.
(B) apartheid
[source: history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/10-things.../ printable]
(C) development of white and non-white
(D) tradition
08. The underlined word „itself ‟ (line 3) refers to
(E) culture
….
07. The underlined word „them‟ (line 29) refers (A) the Mary Celeste
to .… (B) 19th century
(C) maritime
(A) blacks
(D) Flight 19
(B) impoverished areas
(E) the British vessel Dei Gratia
(C) Bantustans
(D) foreign governments
09. The underlined word „which‟ (line 6) refers
(E) political rights
to .…
Passage 3 (soal 8 - 13) (A) the Mary Celeste
(B) Flight 19
The Mary Celeste is sort of the 19th- (C) the British vessel Dei Gratia
century maritime version of Flight 19, except (D) the Azores Islands
that the ship itself actually was recovered. In (E) Portugal
December 1872, the British vessel Dei Gratia
was about 400 miles (644 kilometers) east of the 10. The underlined word „its‟ (line 8) refers to
Azores islands, which are a thousand miles ….
(1,609 kilometers) west of Portugal, when its (A) the Mary Celeste‟s
crew spotted another ship drifting in the dis- (B) Flight 19‟s
tance. It turned out to be the Mary Celeste, (C) the Dei Gratia‟s
which had departed from New York City eight (D) Portugal‟s
days earlier on a trip to Genoa, Italy. (E) the distance‟s
When the British sailors boarded the Mary
Celeste, they were puzzled. The crewmen's be- 11. The underlined word „they‟ (line 13) refers to
longings were still in their quarters, and the ….
cargo of 1,701 barrels of industrial alcohol was (A) the crew of Mary Celeste
intact. The ship had enough food and water to (B) the British sailors
last six months at sea. So where were the people? (C) Dei Gratia captain
The Mary Celeste crew, consisting of Capt. Ben- (D) the passengers
jamin Spooner Briggs, his wife and 2 -year- old (E) the belongings
daughter, plus seven crewmen, was gone, as was
the ship's lone lifeboat. The last log entry was
from 11 days before the ship was found empty.
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12. The underlined word „their‟ (line 14) refers 15. The underlined word „one‟ (line 10) refers to
to .… ….
(A) the Mary Celeste‟s (A) an unbelievable deal
(B) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s (B) a reputable site
(C) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s belong- (C) good enough radar
ings (D) a bad site
(D) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s quarters (E) Outdated site design
(E) the Mary Celeste‟s barrels of
16. The underlined word „there‟ (line 21) refers
13. The underlined word „it‟ (line 32) refers to to .…
…. (A) lack of security
(A) one of the ship‟s two pumps (B) sensitive information
(B) the ship‟s bottom (C) unsecured website
(C) a mechanical malfunction (D) payment page
(D) the Mary Celeste (E) url beginning with “https”
(E) the lifeboat
Passage 5 (soal 17 - 20)
Passage 4 (soal 14 - 16) One of Google Maps' most appealing fea-
There are things you shouldn't buy online, tures is its online collection of street -level pho-
and there are also shady-looking sites you tographic panoramas, which allow users to roam
shouldn't buy from. You probably have dozens neighborhoods across the U.S. and in other
of reputable sites in your mental online shop- countries as well. In addition to the usual street
ping database, but every so often you'll come scenes, Google has begun posting 360-degree
across an unbelievable deal on a site you've never images of hiking trails in North America, which
heard of. Maybe the site will seem legit, but of- its photographers have shot using cumbersome
ten it won't. Most of us have good enough radar backpack - mounted cameras.
that we immediately know a bad place when we In 2013 however, Google was granted a pat-
see one. Outdated site design with an over- ent for a device that would make shooting such
whelming variety of fonts, item descriptions in landscapes far easier. The application, titled
broken English, no contact information — these "Walking Stick with IMU [inertial measurement
are the signs. No matter how good the deal is, unit]," basically is just that — a staff with em-
just steer clear. bedded cameras and location sensors, coupled
Another red flag is a lack of security. If you with a switch at the bottom that causes the cam-
reach a page on which you need to enter pay- eras to snap pictures whenever the stick taps the
ment or other sensitive information, always ground.
check if the URL begins with "https" instead of While the gadget could be used by Google's
"http." No "s" means the site hasn't been se- own photographers, the patent application notes
cured and your information could be at risk of that similar technology could be repurposed in
being stolen. Get out of there quick and don't canes, crutches and other mobility devices used
look back. by disabled people. This would allow them to
[source: money.howstuffworks.com/10-things-should-never-buy-online.htm] shoot and transmit pictures while their hands
were otherwise occupied or if they had a condi-
14. The underlined word „it‟ (line 8) refers to …. tion that made it difficult to operate a camera
(A) a thing [sources: Bishop, Ratner and Smith].
(B) online [source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/future-tech/10- weird-patents-
(C) a reputable site that-google-owns5.htm]
(D) an unbelievable deal
(E) one of the sites you‟ve never heard
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(A) hitting
(B) slapping 09. The word „designated‟ (paragraph 1)
(C) noticeable means …
(D) attacking (A) designed
(E) understandable (B) classified
(C) separated from
07. The word „profound‟ (paragraph 2) is best (D) invented
replaced by … (E) changed
(A) extreme
(B) wise 10. The word „still -current‟ (paragraph 1) has
(C) complex similar meaning to …
(D) extensive (A) flowing
(E) complete (B) present-day
(C) still valid
08. The word „enigma‟ (paragraph 3) means … (D) oceanic
(A) problem (E) electric
(B) phenomenon
(C) event
(D) curiosity
(E) mystery
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09. The author‟s tone in explaining secular ethics The dog family originated in North
is … America about 40 million of years ago and
(A) persuasive. reached a maximum diversity around 22 mil-
(B) loving. lion of years ago, when more than 30 species
(C) sarcastic. inhabited the continent. Today, only 9 spe-
(D) egotistical. cies of the dog family live in North America.
They progressively increased in body size
10. Why does the author mention Leviticus and and specialized into becoming large preda-
Deuteronomy (paragraph 3)? tors. Some of them exceeded 30 kg and were
among the largest carnivores on the North
(A) To show that bible can be wrong.
American continent. Although several large
(B) To demonstrate that deciding between
carnivores today face a higher extinction risk
what is right and wrong can be solved
than smaller species, the authors of the study
by the bible.
found no evidence of a similar pattern in
(C) To exemplify a case in which we need
ancient canid species.
more than religious authority in solving
The evolutionary success o f carnivorous
a problem.
animals is inevitably linked to their ability to
(D) To nominate the bible as the real source
obtain food. The limited amount of
of morality.
resources (preys) imposes strong
competition among carnivores sharing the
Passage 6 (Soal 11)
same geographic range. For instance African
carnivores such as wild dogs, hyenas, lions,
Competition played a more important
and other felids are constantly competing
role in the evolution of the dog family
with each other for food. North American
(wolves, foxes, and their relatives) than cli-
carnivores in the past might have followed
mate change, shows a new international
similar dynamics and much of the competi-
study published in PNAS.
tion is found among species of the dog fam-
An international team including scientist
ily and from ancient felids and dogs. Inter-
from the Universities of Gothenburg
estingly, while felids appeared to have
(Sweden), Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Lausanne
strongly negative impact on the survival of
(Switzerland) analyzed over 2000 fossils and
ancient dogs, the opposite is not true. This
revealed that the arrival of felids—a
suggests that felids must have been more
mammal of cat family—to North America
efficient predators than most of the extinct
from Asia had a deadly impact on the
species in the dog family.
diversity of the dog family, contributing to
the extinction of as many as 40 of their [source: sciencedaily]
species.
“We usually expect climate changes to 11. The author‟s tone in explaining the passage
play an overwhelming role in the evolution above is mostly …
of biodiversity. Instead, competition among (A) urgent
different carnivore species proved to be even (B) impartial
more important for canids, a mammal of dog (C) optimistic
family” says leading author Daniele Silvestro (D) cruel
at the Department of Biological and
Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg.
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is to face the palm of your hand downward and (B) The disciplines in free diving.
move your fingers in a scratching motion. (C) Indoor free diving.
[source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/smartertravel/10- innocent- (D) Deep-water free diving.
hand-gestures_b_5022230.html] (E) Natalia Molchanova‟s career in free
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06. The missing paragraph 2 most likely talks Passage 8 (Soal 10)
about … Orcas, or killer whales, are the largest of the
(A) the two kinds of seppuku. dolphins and one of the world‟s most powerful
(B) the obligatory seppuku. predators. They feast on marine mammals such
(C) the voluntary seppuku. as seals, sea lions, and even whales, employing
(D) the definition of seppuku. teeth that can be four inches (ten centimeters)
(E) seppuku in countries other than Japan. long. They are known to grab seals right off the
ice. They also eat fish, squid, and seabirds.
07. Which one is irrelevant from paragraph 3? Though they often frequent cold, coastal waters,
(A) Sentence 1. orcas can be found from the polar regions to the
(B) Sentence 2. Equator.
(C) Sentence 3. Killer whales hunt in deadly pods, family
(D) Sentence 4. groups of up to 40 individuals .... These differ-
(E) Sentence 5. ent groups may prey on different animals and
use different techniques to catch them. Resident
Passage 7 (Soal 8 - 9) pods tend to prefer fish, while transient pods
It was in the climate of the Enlightenment target marine mammals. All pods use effective,
political philosophies described above, and in the cooperative hunting techniques that some liken
middle of the growing realization of individuals‟ to the behavior of wolf packs.
rights as citizens, that the two great 18th-century Whales make a wide variety of communica-
revolutions took place. tive sounds, and each pod has distinctive noises
The American Revolution of 1775-83 fol- that its members will recognize even at a dis-
lowed more than a decade of growing estrange- tance. They use echolocation to communicate
ment between the British crown and a large and and hunt, making sounds that travel underwater
influential segment of its North American colo- until they encounter objects, then bounce back,
nies. In a royal proclamation of 1763, for in- revealing their location, size, and shape.
stance, a line was drawn marking the limit of Killer whales are protective of their young,
settlement from the British colonies, beyond and other adolescent females often assist the
which Indian trade was to be conducted through mother in caring for them. Mothers give birth
British-appointed commisioners. every three to ten years, after a 17-month preg-
[source: Grayling, A. C. Ideas That Matter: The Concepts That Shape nancy.
the 21st Century. New York: Basic, 2012. Print.]
Orcas are immediately recognizable by their
08. The paragraph preceding the text above distinctive black-and-white coloring and are the
most likely talks about… intelligent, trainable stars of many aquarium
shows. Killer whales have never been extensively
(A) Climate change.
hunted by humans.
(B) the Enlightenment political philoso-
[source: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/ mammals/
phies. killer-whale/]
(C) Revolutions.
(D) City and its citizens.
10. The best sentence to fill in the missing part
(E) the American and the British.
in paragraph 3 is …
09. The paragraph following the text above most (A) There appear to be both resident and
likely talks about … transient pod population of killer
whales.
(A) the Enlightenment political philoso-
(B) There are three groups of pods in killer
phies.
whales population.
(B) the national song of the British.
(C) Killer whales hunt with wolf packs.
(C) the World War II.
(D) Killer whales hunt solitarily.
(D) another 18th-century revolution.
(E) There is only one pod population of kil-
(E) a prehistoric war.
ler whales.
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