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Latihan Reading 6 - Inference Questions


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01. You have just gotten a pit bull puppy from an Text 03.
animal shelter. He’s lovable but nervous. If
L.L Zamenhof would later say that he had
you raise your voice for any reason, he cowers
dreamed of a world language since he was a
and trembles. If you scold him, he hides.
child. At first he considered a revival of Latin,
When you got him from the shelter, he had a
but after learning it in school he decided it
deep scratch across his nose.
was too complicated to be a common means
What can you imply from the above text? of international communication. When he
(A) someone purchased the puppy for me learned English, he realized that verb conjuga-
(B) the puppy is obedient tions were unnecessary, and that grammatical
(C) the puppy may have been abused previ- systems could be much simpler than he had
ously expected. He still had the problem of memo-
(D) something or someone scratched his rizing a large vocabulary, until he noticed two
nose Russian signs labeled Швейцарская -
from швейцар, which means porter’s house
02. Although locke has been hailed as a giant fig- and porter, respectively- and Кондитерская–
ure in European intellectual history, his ideas from кондитер, which means a confectioner’s
were largely borrowed from his predecessors, shop and confectioner, respectively. He then
who are now unfairly neglected by historians. realized that a judicious use of affixes could
Furthermore, Locke never wrote works are greatly decrease the number of root words
muddy in style, awkwardly constructed, and needed for communication. He chose to take
often self-contradictory. his vocabulary from Romance and Germanic,
the languages that were most widely taught in
What can be inferred about the passage? schools around the world and would therefore
(A) current historians are re-evaluating the be recognizable to the largest number of peo-
work of Locke in the light of present-day ple.
knowledge [source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_experanto]
(B) historians should re-examine Locke’s place
in European intellectual history 03. It can be inferred from the passage that ....
(C) although Locke’s ideas were important, his (A) L.L Zamenhof thought that Latin was too
way of expressing them in writing was complicated to use globally
sadly inadequate (B) Latin language was not quite used by
(D) locke’s contributions to the development people anymore
of European thought have been greatly (C) English was a global language
exaggerated (D) Russian language had larger root words

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Text 04. Text 05.


The business of tennis clothes has grown as- Birds soon might not be the only ones tweet-
toundingly in the past few years. Over $250 ing in our national parks. Before long. Wi-Fi
million is spent annually on the trappings of service may be available in some parks for the
tennis. Apparently everyone wants to look like first time. Having Wi-Fi would enable park
a pro, even though 20% of the clientele has visitors to use their smartphones to connect to
never even played the game. the Internet or to text or call their friends.
Manufactures pay the star lucrative fees Cell service is extremely limited in many
for wearing the brands of clothes and wield- parks, according to the National Park Service.
ing their racquets on center court. Chris Evert Someone who takes a selfie in a park often
-Lloyd, for example, was rumored to have has to leave the park before sharing it with
signed a five-year contract for $5 million with friends on sites like Twitter or Instagram.
Ellesse, a producer of fancy, expensive tennis People in favor of adding Wi-Fi say it will
wear. help attract younger people to the parks.
John McEnroe received a reported $600.000 But some people are concerned that hav-
for playing with a Dunlop racquet, $330.000 for ing Wi-Fi will distract visitors from the natu-
sporting Tacchini clothes, and $100.000 for tying ral beauty of the parks. David Smith is the
his Nike tennis shoes. Obviously, in a bad year, superintendent of Joshua Tree National Park
these stars would have made more as fashion in California. He thinks national parks should
models than as athletes. add Wi-Fi only to some areas. like the visitor
Not only tennis players get free clothing. centers. He wants visitors to be able to enjoy
but also all the people involved in the game — the scenery without hearing cell phones ring-
the referees, lines people, ball boys and girls— ing. "One of the neatest things about visiting
are living advertisements for tennis wear pro- a park is the chance to get away from a lot of
ducers. Where, traditionally, conservative white the distractions that interfere in our normal
clothing was required for the entire tennis co- lives." he says.
terie, changing times have seen a new vogue in 05. What is implied in the text above?
tennis outfits. Flamboyant colors, designer’s (A) Youngsters are more dependent on
nameplates, geometric figures, and bold lines
Wi-Fi
distinguish the new tennis togs from their (B) Wi-Fi may distract visitors from the
predecessors.
beauty of the parks
04. It can be inferred from the passage that .... (C) Mobile phone coverage is usually limited
(A) tennis clothing appeals to the wealthy in national parks
(B) tennis stars get huge sums for endorse- (D) David Smith thinks that national parks
ments should add Wi-Fi in limited areas
(C) the price of tennis racquets has remained
stable
(D) bright colors entice people to buy tennis
wear

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06. Along with the increasingly extensive use of Text 08.


computers in financial activities, ultraviolet
Movie Review: Nightcrawier
light has been widely applied by banks to
identity the signatures of their customers in As Lou Bloom. a freelance TV news
passbooks. When a customer opens a new cameraman with a nose for graphic tragedy.
account with a bank, the bank teller always Jake Gyllenhaal creeped me out big-time. I
asks him to sign on a card to create an im- mean that as high praise. Gyllenhaal. in a
print: this can be used to compare with the poisonously potent performance, acts with
signature on the customer’s withdrawal slip morbid excitement. Bloom will crawl into
under ultraviolet light. any LA rat hole or car wreck to produce
video or dig out a photo he can sell to a TV
What can be inferred from the text above?
news director, just to momentarily sate the
(A) the banks use ultraviolet light to identity public's appetite for gory digital sensation.
the signatures of customers
If I'm making Nightcrawler sound like a
(B) the ultraviolet light use may involve com-
sharp attack against a society that gets the
puters
exploitative news it deserves. maybe that's
(C) a customer can open a new account with
because it often is. Luckily, the film's writer
a bank
and first-time director. Dan Gilroy. Is hunting
(D) ultraviolet light is widely used in banks
bigger game than cloning Network. Bloom is
more akin to the sociopaths in Taxi Driver
07. As early as 1836, the German physiologist and
and Peeping Tom. He fancies himself an artist,
anatomist Friedrich Tiedemann, in an article in
arranging the wounded and the dead to best
the Philosophical Transactions, expressed his
catch the light and hold the frame he com-
opinion that ―there is undoubtedly a connec-
poses with such care and little regard for
tion between the absolute size of the brain and
pesky morality or professional ethics. When
the intellectual powers and functions of the
you can’t find an accident or a murder, why
mind‖. With the advent of brain imaging
not create it yourself?
methods (e.g., MRI. PET), reliable assessments
of in-vivo brain volume and investigations of Nightcrawler curves and hisses its way into
its association with IQ are now possible. your head with demonic skill. When the laughs
[excerpt from: h t t p : / / w w w. s c i e n c e d a i l y. c o m / come, they stick in your throut. This is deli-
releases/2015/10/151014121103.html] ciously twisted piece of work. And Gyllenhaal,
coiled and ready to spring, is scarily briliant. He
What is implied in the text above? truly is a monster of our time.
(A) There is a connection between the size of [source: http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/
the brain and the intellectual powers and nightcrawler-20141030]
functions of the mind 08. It is implied in the text that ....
(B) Before brain imaging technology, research
about relationship of brain volume and (A) Nightcrawler is a twisted movie and the
IQ was not reliable writer enjoys it
(C) MRI and PET are some brain imaging (B) Jake Gyllenhaal gives a great perform-
methods ance as Lou Bloom
(D) Friedrich Tiedemann likes to give opinion (C) The movie Nightcrawler is probably a criti-
cism toward our society
(D) The movie Nightcrawler is similar to Net-
work

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Text 09. Text 10.


There are two types of monochromatic or black In the movies. England's King Richard the
-and-white photos. One type is a grayscale pho- First-he of the lion heart and Robin Hood
tograph. which is truly black and white. In a gray fame-is a hero of spotless reputation. In Hol-
-scale photo, all you see is black, white, and lywood's many versions of the Robin Hood
shades of gray. Grayscale photos tend to have a story, for example, Robin worships good King
stark, cold look to them. Richard and would willingly die for him. His-
The other type is sepia. Sepia photographs tory, however, offers a different slant on Rich-
use shades of brown in place of shades of ard's supposed goodness. In 1189, the Pope
gray. Photographers started using the sepia called for yet another crusade to take back the
process to give their photos warmer tones. holy land of Jerusalem from Moslem rule. In-
tent on following the Pope's order, Richard
Some people think that sepia photos are just
combined forces with King Philip the II of
grayscale photos that have aged and changed
France. Together, they managed to take the
color over the years. but it is not true. The dif-
town of Acre, a port on what is now Israel's
ference is that sepia photos use silver sulphide in
Northwestern coast. Attempting to blackmail
the developing process in place of silver iodide.
the Moslem ruler Saladin into giving up sacred
It can last 150 years with proper storage.
lands. Richard took 2,500 civilians hostage,
09. What is most likely implied in the text above? many of them women and children. When
(A) there is only one type of photos: mono- Saladin refused, Richard promptly slaughtered
chromatic every last one of his hostages.
(B) grayscale photos are warmer-toned than 10. What can you infer from the passage above?
sepia photos
(A) Richard the Lionheart’s heart was not as
(C) only photographers know about the differ-
purehearted as some movies suggest
ences between grayscale and sepia photos
(B) Richard was a pure saint
(D) grayscale photo use silver iodide
(C) Richard and Philip took the town of
Acre
(D) Richard and Philip tried to blackmail the
Moslem ruler Saladin

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Xpedia Bahasa Inggris
Latihan Reading 1 - Main Idea, Topic, Title
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Passage 1 (soal 1) 02. The main idea is …


(A) Americans got exercise when they
The most popular festival in Japan takes crossed the continent in covered
place from 1st-3rd January, and is called wagons.
Ganjitsu, which means „the beginning of the (B) exercise and diet are more widespread in
year‟. People believe that good or bad luck in America than ever before.
the first few days of the year represents the (C) heart disease is the number one killer
luck you will have for the rest of the year. among Americans.
Ganjitsu is celebrated by ceremonial house (D) Americans live longer than they did
cleaning, feasting and by the exchanging of before.
visits and presents. Most people put up (E) obesity in America has declined over the
special decorations at the entrance to their years.
houses to keep out evil spirits. The main
decoration is a sacred rope decorated with Passage 3 (soal 3)
ferns, oranges, and lobster. All of these
things are thought to bring good fortune, Good ideas often start with a really silly
prosperity and long life. Finally, no question. Bill Bowerman was making
celebration is complete without mochi cake breakfast one day. As he stood there making
and zoni soup. Both the cake and the soup waffle for his son, he wondered what would
are made from traditional recipes. happen if he poured rubber into his waffle
[source: SPMB] iron. So, he tried it and the result looked
something like the bottom of most sport
01. The topic of the above paragraph is … shoes we see today. Still, when he took this
(A) popular Japanese celebrations. idea to several existing shoe companies he
(B) the Ganjitsu Festival. was literally laughed at. In fact, every single
(C) good and bad luck in Japan. company turned him down. Though rather
(D) keeping up evil spirits in Japan. disappointed, Bowerman was determined
(E) Japanese celebrations. and went on to form his own company,
making Nike athletic shoes.
Passage 2 (soal 2) [source: SPMB]

Not since Americans crossed the continent 03. It can be concluded from the text that …
in covered wagons have they exercised and (A) A waffle iron became a tool in making
dieted as strenuously as they are doing today. shoes
Consequently, they do not only look younger (B) inventions often occur during breakfast
and slimmer, but feel better. Because of (C) curiosity can lead to a great invention
increased physical fitness, life expectancy in (D) Nike shoes are the first sport shoes
the nation has risen to seventy-three years, (E) Many companies are not into athletic
with fewer people suffering from heart shoes
disease, the nation‟s number one killer.
[source: Peterson’s TOEFL]

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Passage 4 (soal 4) Passage 5 (soal 5)

About a billion years after the earth had The first people we know created plays
formed, the first signs of life appeared. were the Ancient Greeks, about the year 500
Three billion years elapsed before creatures B.C. They divided plays into two kinds: trag-
became complex enough to leave fossils edy and comedy. This division is still used
their descendants could recognize and learn today. The best known Ancient Greek writ-
from. These were shelled creatures called ers of plays are Aeschylus, Sophocles, Eurip-
trilobites, followed by jawless fish, the first ides and Aristophanes. Some of their plays
vertebrates. During the Devonian period, survived, and are still performed today.
great upheavals occured in the earth‟s crust, These ancient Greek plays were
resulting in the formation of mountains and performed outdoors in large amphitheatres,
in the ebb and flow of oceans. In the so that many people could see them. There
aftermath, beds of mud rich in organic were contests among the playwrights (people
matter nourished vegetation, and insects, who write plays are called playwrights) and
scorpions, and spiders appeared. Next the winner would get a prize.
developed the amphibians, descendants of The Greeks were full of brilliant ideas.
fish that had crawled out of fresh water. They used mechanical devices like trap doors
Between 225 and 65 million years ago, and the machina: a crane for winching gods
reptiles developed from which many new on and off the stage. They had a Greek
forms grew until finally evolved the chorus that offered information to help the
mammal. Dinosaurs were overgrown audience follow the performance. The
reptiles. Although some were as small as chorus comments on themes, and shows
chickens, others grew to be the largest how an audience might react to the drama.
animals on Earth, as long as 82 feet and as The players wore masks. Illustrations on
heavy as 50 tons, with long necks and a vases show helmet-like masks, covering the
liking for a vegetarian diet. Current theory entire face and head, with holes for the eyes
suggests that dinosaurs were warm-blooded and a small aperture for the mouth, plus a
and behaved more like mammals than like wig. The mask was to „melt‟ into the face and
reptiles. allow the actor to vanish into the role.
The end of the Mesozoic Era (middle Therefore, onlookers did not think about the
life) saw the inexplicable demise of actor, but thought about the character.
dinosaurs and large swimming and flying [source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/
birds. Geological changes were converting Theatre]
the giant land mass into separate continents.
The beginning of a new era, called Cenozoic 05. The main topic of the passage above is …
(recent life), saw the marked predominance (A) tragedy and comedy in Ancient Greece.
of mammals that would ultimately become (B) why Ancient Greece excels in art.
man‟s ancestors. (C) history of plays in Ancient Greece.
[source: Peterson’s TOEFL] (D) the technology in Ancient Greek
theatres.
04. What would be a good title for this reading? (E) history of art in Ancient Greece.
(A) How Reptiles Became Dinosaurs.
(B) The Ages of Man.
(C) The Evolution of Life.
(D) The Formation of the Earth.
(E) How Dinosaurs extinct.

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Passage 6 (soal 6 - 7) Passage 7 (soal 8)

When your parents were growing up, An investigation into how owls fly and
learning to write in cursive was almost as hunt in silence has enabled researchers to
common as learning to read or add. But in develop a prototype coating for wind turbine
recent years, many schools have stopped blades that could significantly reduce the
teaching this flowing form of handwriting, amount of noise they make. Early tests of
also known as script. the material, which mimics the intricate
Some people think that writing in cursive structure of an owl's wing, have
is outdated and that learning to type is a demonstrated that it could significantly
more important skill. They argue that most reduce the amount of noise produced by
pe opl e now spe n d mo re time wind turbines and other types of fan blades,
communicating by texting and emailing than such as those in computers or planes. Since
they do writing by hand. wind turbines are heavily braked in order to
But not everyone wants to write off cur- minimise noise, the addition of this new
sive. This fall for the first time in about 15 surface would mean that they could be run at
years, students at Green Primary School in much higher speeds—producing more
Uniontown, Ohio, will be taught to write in energy while making less noise. For an
cursive. Some schools in Tennessee and average-sized wind farm, this could mean
Missouri are also bringing cursive back. several additional megawatts worth of
Studies have shown that learning to write electricity.
in script may improve critical-thinking skills [source: www.cam.ac.uk/research/news]
and coordination. Kimberly Brueck is an
administrator at Green Primary School. She 08. The text tells us about …
says her school has another important
(A) how owls fly and hunt without making a
reason for bringing cursive-writing lessons
noise.
back into classrooms. “Children need to
(B) a new development in wind turbine
know how to sign their names!” she says.
blade coats to reduce noise.
[source: sni.scholastic.com] (C) the efficiency of wind turbine blades
compared to other sources of energy.
06. The passage tells us about … (D) how to save the earth with
(A) why learning cursive is very important. environmentally-friendly wind energy.
(B) why learning cursive is no longer (E) producing more energy in wind turbines.
important.
(C) some schools that teach children to Passage 8 (soal 9)
write in cursive.
(D) a study about the effect of writing in The morning on August 14TH 2015, the
cursive. silence in Nagasaki was broken only by a
(E) the pros and cons of learning to write in tolling bell. The Japanese city has marked 70
cursive. years since the dropping of the last atomic
bomb on a civilian target in the closing days
07. The main idea of the second paragraph is … of World War II.
(A) the reason why learning cursive is no The memorial ceremony held at the
longer important. Nagasaki Peace Park took place right under
(B) the advance of technology in writing. where the bomb exploded at 11:02 on
(C) the effect of writing in cursive. August 9TH of 1945. Prime Minister Shinzo
(D) people can write in cursive through Abe said he was renewing his vows to push
texting and emailing. more nuclear disarmament.
(E) typing in cursive is a more important
skill.

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“As the world‟s only country to have But some people are concerned that
experienced an atomic bomb during a war having Wi-Fi will distract visitors from the
and in adherence to our three non-nuclear natural beauty of the parks. David Smith is
principles, I have renewed our vows to lead the superintendent of Joshua Tree National
the world in the effort towards nuclear Park in California. He thinks national parks
disarmament in order to achieve a world should add Wi-Fi only to some areas, like the
without nuclear weapons.” visitor centers. He wants visitors to be able
The US dropped atomic bomb to enjoy the scenery without hearing cell
nicknamed “Fat Man” on Nagasaki three phones ringing. “One of the neatest things
days after the atomic bombing of about visiting a park is the chance to get
Hiroshima. More than 150,000 died in the away from a lot of the distractions that
attack and from the subsequent radiation interfere in our normal lives,” he says.
sickness. Japan surrendered six days later, [source: sni.scholastic.com]
ending World War II.
[source: www.newsinlevels.com/products/ 10. The text tells us about …
seventy-years-after-fat-man-level-3] (A) arguments for and against installing
Wi-Fi in the national parks.
09. Which is the most suitable title for the (B) why having Wi-Fi in national parks is
passage? considered negative.
(A) The Bombing of Hiroshima and (C) why having Wi-Fi in national parks is
Nagasaki important to attract younger people to
(B) Shinzo Abe‟s Nuclear Disarmament the park.
Plans (D) technology can distract people from the
(C) The Impact of Nagasaki Atomic nature.
Bombing on Civilians (E) distractions usually interfere in our
(D) Japan, After World War II normal life.
(E) Commemorating Nagasaki Atomic
Bombing 11. The best title for the text is …
(A) Wi-Fi: Advantages and Disadvantages
Passage 9 (soal 10-11) (B) The Younger and Older People Debate
about Installing Wi-Fi in Our National
Birds soon might not be the only ones Parks
tweeting in our national parks. Before long, (C) Younger People Tweet in National
Wi-Fi service may be available in some parks Parks
for the first time. Having Wi-Fi would enable (D) Tweeting from Our National Parks Be-
park visitors to use their smartphones to comes Reality
connect to the Internet or to text or call their (E) Wi-Fi in National Parks: Yes or No?
friends.
Cell service is extremely limited in many Passage 10 (Soal 12 - 13)
parks, according to the National Park
Service. Someone who takes a selfie in a park Ebola virus is a very dangerous virus. It
often has to leave the park before sharing it causes a hemorrhagic fever called Ebola
with friends on sites like Twitter or virus disease. “Hemorrhagic” means that the
Instagram. People in favor of adding Wi-Fi victim will bleed a lot, inside and outside
say it will help attract younger people to the their body. Out of every 10 people who get
parks. Ebola, on average five to nine die. There are
four kinds of Ebola virus that can cause the
disease. The virus was first found in Sudan.
It is found in Africa, with very few cases in
Europe and the United States.

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The Ebola virus that makes people sick 13. What is the topic of paragraph 1?
lives in the blood and other liquids and wet (A) Symptoms of Ebola.
things in some kinds of non-human animals (B) The definition of Ebola.
without killing them. Scientists think the (C) The Spread of Ebola Virus.
animals it lives in are mainly some kinds of (D) How to prevent Ebola.
monkeys or fruit bats. When people touch (E) The background information about
animals that have the virus, or wet things Ebola Virus.
that came out of those animals, they can get
sick. Ebola cannot be caught through the air, Passage 11 (soal 14)
or by being near sick people. The virus can
only go from liquids into people‟s bodies. Caffeine is in coffee, tea and other prod-
This means Ebola can be caught by touching ucts people consume every day, so why is
a sick person‟s blood, saliva, mucus, semen, powdered caffeine dangerous?
diarrhea, vomit, or other fluids that come On Tuesday (Sept. 1), the Food and
out of a sick person‟s body. Drug Administration announced that it had
When people get Ebola the first issued warning letters to five companies that
symptoms look like some other diseases. sell powdered caffeine, saying that their
People get a fever and feel very tired. Their products pose a "significant or unreasonable
head, stomach, joints, and throat might hurt. risk of illness or injury to consumers.”
Sometimes, people think they have other Powdered caffeine products are much
diseases like malaria or typhoid fever. Later, more potent than caffeine-containing
people get much sicker. They bleed both beverages like coffee, and they're dangerous
inside and outside their bodies. They have because it is easy for people to consume a
blood in their diarrhea and vomit. They lethal amount of powdered caffeine, the
bleed from their noses, mouths, and genitals. FDA said.
They got low blood pressure, fast pulse, and Just 1 teaspoon of the caffeine powder
low blood circulation to the body. Their contains about the same amount of caffeine
organs might stop working. as 28 cups of regular coffee, the FDA said.
There is no cure for Ebola, but if people In fact, 2 teaspoons of powdered caffeine
get care quickly from doctors and nurses at a would kill most adults, according to the
hospital, more of them live. People with Centers for Science in the Public Interest.
Ebola need a lot of fluids to replace fluids " Po w d e r e d c a f f e i n e i s v e r y
lost from diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding. concentrated," said Henry Spiller, director of
The most important care is giving them Central Ohio Poison Center at Nationwide
water with a very small amount of salt and Children's Hospital. Most people are so
sugar in it. This is called oral rehydration. It comfortable with the effects of caffeinated
helps to replace their fluids and blood. It is beverages like coffee and soda that they
also important to give medicines in case they don't realize that the amount they ingest is
get bad blood pressure and blood just milligrams, Spiller said.
circulation. The amount of caffeine in a teaspoon
[source: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ can vary in different powdered caffeine
Ebola_virus] products, the FDA noted. A teaspoon of
some powdered products can have about 5
12. What is the best title for the passage? grams of caffeine; by comparison, a cup of
(A) Why Ebola Virus Spreads. coffee has about 65 to 100 milligrams of
(B) How to Prevent Ebola Disease. caffeine, Spiller said.
(C) Ebola Disease. At that level, 1 teaspoon of the powder
(D) The History of Ebola Virus. contains as much caffeine as 50 to 75 cups
(E) Is There a Cure for Ebola Disease? of coffee.
"This is enormous. This is an overdose,"
Spiller told Live Science.

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Another problem with the powdered Passage 12 (soal 15)


products is that consumers usually don't
have the tools to measure a safe dose. The Competition played a more important
recommended serving size of powdered role in the evolution of the dog family
caffeine is just 50 milligrams to 200 (wolves, foxes, and their relatives) than cli-
milligrams — or about one-sixteenth of a mate change, shows a new international
teaspoon. study published in PNAS.
To measure out 50 milligrams of powder An international team including scientist
using a quarter-teaspoon measuring spoon, a from the Universities of Gothenburg
consumer needs to fill just 6 percent of the (Sweden), Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Lausanne
spoon, which "cannot be accurately (Switzerland) analyzed over 2000 fossils and
measured," the FDA said. revealed that the arrival of felids— a mammal
"The difference between a safe amount of cat family— to North America from Asia
and a toxic dose of caffeine in these pure had a deadly impact on the diversity of the
powdered products is very small," the agency dog family, contributing to the extinction of
said. as many as 40 of their species.
What's more, the smallest packages of “We usually expect climate changes to
powdered caffeine sold by some of the play an overwhelming role in the evolution
companies contain 100 grams of product, of biodiversity. Instead, competition among
which is 2,000 recommended servings. And different carnivore species proved to be even
some companies sell powdered caffeine in more important for canids, a mammal of dog
packages of 25 kilograms, which contain up family” says leading author Daniele Silvestro
to 500,000 recommended servings. at the Department of Biological and
High doses of caffeine can cause serious Environmental Sciences, University of
side effects, including increased blood Gothenburg.
pressure, a rapid or dangerously erratic The dog family originated in North
heartbeat, seizures and even death, the FDA America about 40 million of years ago and
said. Two young adults — an 18-year-old in reached a maximum diversity around 22
Ohio and a 24-year-old in Georgia — died in million of years ago, when more than 30
2014 from accidental overdoses of species inhabited the continent. Today, only
powdered caffeine. 9 species of the dog family live in North
Although it's possible to overdose on America. They progressively increased in
caffeine by drinking upward of 50 cups of body size and specialized into becoming
coffee, most people would probably stop large predators. Some of them exceeded 30
before this point because they would be kg and were among the largest carnivores on
experiencing uncomfortable effects, like the North American continent. Although
nausea or vomiting and a rapid heart rate, several large carnivores today face a higher
Spiller said. The danger with powdered extinction risk than smaller species, the
caffeine is that you take this dose of caffeine authors of the study found no evidence of a
all at once, he said. similar pattern in ancient canid species.
[source: http://www.livescience.com/52072-
powdered-caffeine-dangerous.html]

14. The passage mainly tells us that …


(A) coffee is dangerous to our health.
(B) caffeineintake should be controlled.
(C) we should avoid caffeine.
(D) some powdered caffeine products are
toxic to our health.
(E) companies should stop selling powdered
caffeine.

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The evolutionary success of carnivorous


animals is inevitably linked to their ability to
obtain food. The limited amount of re-
sources (preys) imposes strong competition
among carnivores sharing the same geo-
graphic range. For instance African carni-
vores such as wild dogs, hyenas, lions, and
other felids are constantly competing with
each other for food. North American carni-
vores in the past might have followed similar
dynamics and much of the competition is
found among species of the dog family and
from ancient felids and dogs. Interestingly,
while felids appeared to have strongly nega-
tive impact on the survival of ancient dogs,
the opposite is not true. This suggests that
felids must have been more efficient preda-
tors than most of the extinct species in the
dog family.
[source: sciencedaily]

15. The text tells us that …


(A) Cats can actually beat dogs.
(B) Competition has exterminated the
ancient dog family.
(C) Dogs are not as competitive as cats.
(D) The diversity of the dog family now
were caused only by ancient competition
from cat family.
(E) Competition from cats drove extinction
of many species of ancient dogs.

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Latihan Reading 2 - Detail Questions
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Passage 1 (soal 1 - 2) 02. The effects of tear gas are the following,
Tear gas, any of various chemicals that EXCEPT…
produce severe eye irritation, usually (A) eye irritation.
resulting in a blinding flow of tears and (B) skin cancer.
often also minor skin and respiratory (C) coughing.
irritations, such as itching and coughing. Tear (D) itching.
gas is used primarily by police and troops for (E) tearful eyes.
mob control. The effects of tear gas are tem-
porary and recovery is complete, usually Passage 2 (soal 3)
within a few minutes. A gas mask will An autonomous car, also known as
protect the wearer against tear gas. uncrewed vehicle, self-driving car, and
Chemical compounds used as tear gases robotic car is an autonomous vehicle capable
are called lacrimators. Lacrimators, which of fulfilling the main transportation capabili-
exist most often in liquid or solid form, are ties of a traditional car. As an autonomous
usually dispersed into the air as gases by vehicle it is capable of sensing its environ-
being exploded from grenades, bombs, or ment and navigating without human input.
shells. (The liquid or solid lacrimators are Robotic cars exist mainly as prototypes and
vaporized by the heat of the explosion.) demonstration systems. As of 2014, the only
Liquid lacrimators, as well as solid self-driving vehicles that are commercially
lacrimators dissolved in liquids, are available are open-air shuttles for pedestrian
sometimes sprayed into the air. The most zones that operate at 20.1 km/h.
widely used lacrimator is chloroacetophe- Autonomous vehicles sense their
none (CN); others include o chlorobenzal- surroundings with such techniques as radar,
malononitrile( C S )and chloropicrin (PS). lidar, GPS, and computer vision. Advanced
Tear gases were widely used during World control systems interpret sensory informa-
War I. Tear gases mixed with vomiting gases tion to identify appropriate navigation paths,
were used in the Vietnamese War. as well as obstacles and relevant signage. By
[source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/tear-gas- definition, autonomous vehicles are capable
info.htm] of updating their maps based on sensory
input, allowing the vehicles to keep track of
01. Which one is TRUE according to the text? their position even when conditions change
(A) Tear gases were also used during World or when they enter uncharted environments.
War II. S o m e demonstrative systems, precursory
(B) The effects of tear gas are permanent. to autonomous cars, data back to the 1920s
(C) Tear gas create chemical compounds and 30s. The first truly autonomous cars
called lacrimators. appeared in the 1980s, with Carnegie Mellon
(D) chloroacetophenone is one example of University’s Navlab and ALV projects in
lacrimator. 1984 and Mercedes-Benz and Eureka
(E) Tear gases are always mixed with vomit- Prometheus Project in 1987. Since then,
ing gases. numerous major companies and research
organizations have developed working
prototype autonomous vehicles.
[source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_car]

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03. Which one is WRONG according to the text? When a well-trained examiner uses a
(A) By 2014, there is only one self-driving polygraph, he or she can detect lying with
vehicles that are commercially available. high accuracy. However, because the exam-
(B) Autonomous vehicles have no human iner's interpretation is subjective and because
drivers. different people react differently to lying, a
(C) The predecessor of autonomous polygraph test is not perfect and can be
vehicles had existed since the 1920s. fooled.
(D) Autonomous vehicles may sense their [source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/
question123.htm]
environments and make decisions
accordingly.
04. According to the text, we may know that a
(E) Only one organizations have developed
person is lying through polygraph from his/
autonomous vehicles.
her signs below, EXCEPT …
Passage 3 (soal 3 - 6) (A) heart rate.
(B) perspiration.
You hear about lie detectors all the time
(C) blood pressure.
in police investigations, and sometimes a
(D) facial expression.
person applying for a job will have to
(E) limb movement.
undergo a polygraph test. For example,
certain government jobs with the FBI or
05. When the polygraph test begins, the exam-
CIA require polygraph tests. The goal of a
iner asks some simple questions to …
lie detector is to see if the person is telling
the truth or lying when answering certain (A) detect whether the test-taker is lying or
questions. telling the truth.
When a person takes a polygraph test, (B) establish the norms in the society.
four to six sensors are attached to him. A (C) ensure that the polygraph works.
polygraph is a machine in which the multiple (D) set up the test-taker’s normal signals.
("poly") signals from the sensors are (E) record the person’s signals on the
recorded on a single strip of moving paper moving paper.
("graph"). The sensors usually record: The
person’s breathing rate, the person’s pulse, 06. Which one is WRONG according to the test?
the person’s blood pressure, the person’s (A) Signals from two lying people can be
perspiration. Sometimes a polygraph will different from each other.
also record things like arm and leg (B) To catch a person’s signals during poly-
movement. graph, some sensors are implanted un-
When the polygraph test starts, the der his or her skin.
questioner asks three or four simple (C) Polygraph test is greatly accurate.
questions to establish the norms for the (D) Some people’s lies may be undetected
person's signals. Then the real questions when examined by the polygraph.
being tested by the polygraph are asked. (E) The interpretation of polygraph test de-
Throughout questioning, all of the person's pends on the examiner.
signals are recorded on the moving paper.
Both during and after the test, a poly-
graph examiner can look at the graphs and
can see whether the vital signs changed
significantly on any of the questions. In
general, a significant change, such as a faster
heart rate, higher blood pressure, increased
perspiration, indicates that the person is
lying.

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Passage 4 (soal 7 - 9) The Black Death hastened the breakup


Black Death is an epidemic of bubonic of medieval society. Agriculture came to a
plague that appeared in Europe in the 1300’s. near standstill. Production fell, goods
The origin of the name is uncertain; it may became scarce, and prices roses. Many
come from a mistranslation of the Latin atra peasants and workers died, laborers became
mors (“terrible death”). The Black Death scarce, and wages rose. During the confu-
was the most dreadful plague in the history sion many serfs left the manors to which
of Europe. Historians estimate that in three they were attached. Laws were adopted to
years the plague killed at least one-third of freeze wages and prices. Governments tried
Europe’s population. Its severity was due in to force serfs to return to their old mano-
part to the people’s low resistance to disease; rial bondage. Peasant revolts broke out in
most suffered from years of malnutrition. England, France, and elsewhere.
The plague had three main forms. One [source: http://history.howstuffworks.com/middle-
affected the lungs and led to spitting of ages/black-death-info.htm]
blood. Another was marked by large
carbuncles on the neck, armpits, and groin. 07. Which one is TRUE according to the text?
The third form fatally infected the blood. (A) The plague was transmitted only from
Nearly all stricken people died within three rats and fleas that carried the disease.
days, many within 12 hours. Rats and fleas (B) Most bubonic sufferers passed away
carried the disease; the fleas transmitted it to within 12 hours.
humans. The plague was also transmitted by (C) A bubonic plague sufferers may have
people who carried the disease in their lungs. large carbuncles on the armpits.
The Black Death probably began in (D) The Black Death spread from Europe
Turkistan before spreading to Europe and to Turkistan.
Africa. In 1346, the plague appeared at a (E) Germany had had bubonic plague in
Black Sea port in the Crimea. The next year 1300.
traders brought it to Sicily, from where it
spread throughout the Italian peninsula. The 08. All of the followings are the impacts of the
plague struck France and the British Isles in Black Death, EXCEPT …
1348. By the end of 1350, it had spread to
Germany, Scandinavia, and most of the (A) Production level fell.
other countries of Europe. (B) Rebellions broke out in England,
The epidemic led to terror and hysteria France, and some countries.
among the masses. Jews were accused of (C) Wages level increased.
poisoning wells, and many were massacred. (D) Many Jews are massacred.
Some of the people joined a new religious (E) Each year the plague killed at least
cult, the Flagellants. They believed the one-third of Europe’s population.
plague to be God’s punishment for people’s
sins and flogged themselves to win God’s 09. Why was the impact of bubonic plague very
mercy. severe?
The plague reappeared in less violent (A) At that time, no one had a cure for
form three times before the end of the the plague.
century. Between 1400 and about 1700 it (B) Many people had low resistance to
returned many times. disease at that time.
(C) Because many peasants and workers
died suffering from it.
(D) Because it was God’s punishment for
people’s sins.
(E) The plague was from Turkistan.

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Passage 5 (soal 10 - 12) There is no cure for Ebola, but if


Ebola virus is a very dangerous virus. It people get care quickly from doctors and
causes a hemorrhagic fever called Ebola nurses at a hospital, more of them live.
virus disease. “Hemorrhagic” means that People with Ebola need a lot of fluids to
the victim will bleed a lot, inside and replace fluids lost from diarrhea, vomiting,
outside their body. Out of every 10 people and bleeding. The most important care is
who get Ebola, on average five to nine die. giving them water with a very small amount
There are four kinds of Ebola virus that of salt and sugar in it. This is called oral
can cause the disease. The virus was first rehydration. It helps to replace their fluids
found in Sudan. It is found in Africa, with and blood. It is also important to give
very few cases in Europe and the United medicines in case they get bad blood
States. pressure and blood circulation.
The Ebola virus that makes people sick [sources: https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus]
lives in the blood and other liquids and wet
things in some kinds of non-human 10. Which of the followings are NOT the symp-
animals without killing them. Scientists toms of Ebola disease?
think the animals it lives in are mainly some (A) Typhoid Fever.
kinds of monkeys or fruit bats. When (B) Bleeding inside and outside their
people touch animals that have the virus, or bodies.
wet things that came out of those animals, (C) Blood in diarrhea.
they can get sick. Ebola cannot be caught (D) Fast pulse.
through the air, or by being near sick (E) Low blood circulation.
people. The virus can only go from liquids
into people’s bodies. This means Ebola can 11. What will happen if we touch a person’s
be caught by touching a sick person’s sweat while the person has Ebola disease?
blood, saliva, mucus, semen, diarrhea,
vomit, or other fluids that come out of a (A) We may catch the disease.
sick person’s body. (B) The virus will spread to monkeys or
When people get Ebola the first fruit bats.
symptoms look like some other diseases. (C) Ebola will kill the person directly.
People get a fever and feel exhausted. Their (D) The virus will change into a liquid
head, stomach, joints, and throat might form.
hurt. Sometimes, people think they have (E) No information stated.
other diseases like malaria or typhoid fever.
Later, people get much sicker. They bleed 12. Which one is TRUE according to the text?
both inside and outside their bodies. They (A) Once a person has Ebola disease, he
have blood in their diarrhea and vomit. or she can’t recover from it.
They bleed from their noses, mouths, and (B) Some people are immune to Ebola
genitals. They got low blood pressure, fast disease.
pulse, and low blood circulation to the (C) The virus can be transmitted through
body. Their organs might stop working. air.
(D) There are more than one type of
Ebola virus.
(E) Caring for Ebola patients involves
giving them water that has significant
level of salt and sugar.

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Passage 6 (soal 13 - 15) spoon, which "cannot be accurately


Caffeine is in coffee, tea and other measured," the FDA said.
products people consume every day, so why "The difference between a safe amount
is powdered caffeine dangerous? and a toxic dose of caffeine in these pure
On Tuesday (Sept. 1), the Food and powdered products is very small," the agency
Drug Administration announced that it had said.
issued warning letters to five companies that What's more, the smallest packages of
sell powdered caffeine, saying that their powdered caffeine sold by some of the
products pose a "significant or unreasonable companies contain 100 grams of product,
risk of illness or injury to consumers.” which is 2,000 recommended servings. And
Powdered caffeine products are much some companies sell powdered caffeine in
more potent than caffeine - containing packages of 25 kilograms, which contain up
beverages like coffee, and they're dangerous to 500,000 recommended servings.
because it is easy for people to consume a High doses of caffeine can cause serious
lethal amount of powdered caffeine, the side effects, including increased blood
FDA said. pressure, a rapid or dangerously erratic
Just 1 teaspoon of the caffeine powder heartbeat, seizures and even death, the FDA
contains about the same amount of caffeine said. Two young adults-an 18-year-old in
as 28 cups of regular coffee, the FDA said. Ohio and a 24-year-old in Georgia-died in
In fact, 2 teaspoons of powdered caffeine 2014 from accidental overdoses of powdered
would kill most adults, according to the caffeine.
Centers for Science in the Public Interest. Although it's possible to overdose on
" Powdered caffeine is very concen- caffeine by drinking upward of 50 cups of
trated," said Henry Spiller, director of Cen- coffee, most people would probably stop
tral Ohio Poison Center at Nationwide Chil- before this point because they would be
dren's Hospital. Most people are so com- experiencing uncomfortable effects, like
fortable with the effects of caffeinated bev- nausea or vomiting and a rapid heart rate,
erages like coffee and soda that they don't Spiller said. The danger with powdered
realize that the amount they ingest is just mil- caffeine is that you take this dose of caffeine
ligrams, Spiller said. all at once, he said.
The amount of caffeine in a teaspoon [sources: http://www.livescience.com/52072-powdered-
caffeine- dangerous.html]
can vary in different powdered caffeine
products, the FDA noted. A teaspoon of
13. Below are the side effects of high doses of
some powdered products can have about 5
caffeine, EXCEPT …
grams of caffeine; by comparison, a cup of
coffee has about 65 to 100 milligrams of (A) Rapid and inconsistent heartbeat.
caffeine, Spiller said. (B) Seizures.
At that level, 1 teaspoon of the powder (C) Death.
contains as much caffeine as 50 to 75 cups (D) Increased blood pressure.
of coffee. (E) Nausea.
"This is enormous . This is an overdose,"
Spiller told Live Science.
Another problem with the powdered
products is that consumers usually don't have
the tools to measure a safe dose. The
recommended serving size of powdered
caffeine is just 50 milligrams to 200
milligramsor about one-sixteenth of a
teaspoon.
To measure out 50 milligrams of powder
using a quarter-teaspoon measuring spoon, a
consumer needs to fill just 6 percent of the
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14. Which one is NOT TRUE according to the


text?
(A) It’s hard to measure safe amount of pow-
dered caffeine to consume.
(B) It’s impossible for people to overdose on
caffeine by just drinking coffee.
(C) There are two death cases because of
powdered-caffeine overdose in 2014.
(D) The recommended serving size of pow-
dered caffeine is 50 milligrams to 200
milligrams.
(E) Drinking up to certain amount of coffee
can result in uncomfortable effects.

15. Why is powdered caffeine considered dan-


gerous?
(A) It contains caffeine.
(B) It is the number one killer in Ohio.
(C) It’s easy to overdose on powdered
caffeine.
(D) People mix it with coffee, which already
contains caffeine.
(E) FDA bans caffeine.

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Latihan Reading 3 - Referent Questions
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Passage 1 (soal 1 - 4) 04. The underlined word “their” (line 20) refers
Free City, a town or city that governs itself to .…
and is independent, or largely independent, of (A) Hanseatic League
the country in which it is located. The distinc- (B) free cities of North Germany
tion between a free city and a city-state is mostly (C) the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and
a matter of size and strength; a city-state is gen- the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg
erally more powerful and controls more territory. (D) states of Germany
The independent cities of ancient times were (E) free cities in general
called city-states, as were the independent cities
of medieval Italy. Passage 2 (Soal 5 - 7)
Free cities were most common during the Apartheid, a South African policy of racial
Middle Ages, especially in the Holy Roman Em- separation. The word is Afrikaans for "apartness,"
pire. Beginning in the 13th century, Lübeck, and it originated in the 1930's to describe the ra-
Hamburg, Bremen, and Cologne, among others, cial policies of the National Party, which was pre-
were established as free cities in the Holy Roman dominantly supported by Afrikaners (Boers).
Empire. At the time many of the free cities of When the National Party won power in 1948
North Germany united to form the Hanseatic apartheid became government policy. The policy
League. Two cities, the Free Hanseatic City of lasted until 1991, when the government repealed
Bremen and the Free Hanseatic City of Ham- the laws that established apartheid. In 1992 in a
burg (as they are officially called), retained much national referendum, South Africa's white voters
of their autonomy after German unification in supported the ending of apartheid.
1871 and are now states of Germany. The official aim of apartheid was separate de-
[source: http://history.howstuffworks.com/middle-ages/freecity.htm] velopment of white and nonwhite peoples, each
according to their own cultural traditions. Oppo-
01. The underlined word “itself” (line 1) refers to nents of this policy asserted that its real purpose
…. was to protect the supremacy of the white minor-
(A) city ity. Apartheid laws mandated segregation in such
(B) government areas as housing and education. All nonwhites
(C) citizen were denied political rights until 1984, when
(D) country South Africa created a tricameral parliament to
(E) independence give Coloreds (persons of mixed race) and Asians
(Indians) a voice in the government.
02. The underline word “it” (line 3) refers to …. Many blacks were forced to live in rural, im-
poverished areas called Bantustans, or homelands.
(A) country
Some Bantustans were given independence, but
(B) free city
foreign governments never recognized them as
(C) city-state
independent . The Bantustans were abolished in
(D) citizen
1993, when South Africa adopted a new constitu-
(E) independence
tion that provided full political rights to blacks.
03. The underlined word “others” (line 14) refers [source: history.howstuffworks.com/african-history/ apartheid.htm]
to ….
(A) Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, and Co-
logne
(B) Middle Ages
(C) empires
(D) free cities
(E) centuries

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05. The underlined word „which‟ (line 5) refers to There was only one clue to what might have
… happened: One of the ship's two pumps had
(A) Apartheid been partially disassembled, and there was water
(B) Afrikaans sloshing inside the ship's bottom, suggesting that
(C) apartness the Mary Celeste had suffered a mechanical mal-
(D) racial policies function. Even so, the Mary Celeste was still sail-
(E) the National Party able. One theory is that the captain mistakenly
thought it was about to sink, so they abandoned
06. The underlined word „its‟ (line 17) refers to ship for a lifeboat and drowned at sea. There are
… also wilder explanations, ranging from a mutiny
to an attack by a sea monster, but more than 140
(A) official aim
years later, nobody really knows.
(B) apartheid
[source: history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/10-things.../ printable]
(C) development of white and non-white
(D) tradition
08. The underlined word „itself ‟ (line 3) refers to
(E) culture
….
07. The underlined word „them‟ (line 29) refers (A) the Mary Celeste
to .… (B) 19th century
(C) maritime
(A) blacks
(D) Flight 19
(B) impoverished areas
(E) the British vessel Dei Gratia
(C) Bantustans
(D) foreign governments
09. The underlined word „which‟ (line 6) refers
(E) political rights
to .…
Passage 3 (soal 8 - 13) (A) the Mary Celeste
(B) Flight 19
The Mary Celeste is sort of the 19th- (C) the British vessel Dei Gratia
century maritime version of Flight 19, except (D) the Azores Islands
that the ship itself actually was recovered. In (E) Portugal
December 1872, the British vessel Dei Gratia
was about 400 miles (644 kilometers) east of the 10. The underlined word „its‟ (line 8) refers to
Azores islands, which are a thousand miles ….
(1,609 kilometers) west of Portugal, when its (A) the Mary Celeste‟s
crew spotted another ship drifting in the dis- (B) Flight 19‟s
tance. It turned out to be the Mary Celeste, (C) the Dei Gratia‟s
which had departed from New York City eight (D) Portugal‟s
days earlier on a trip to Genoa, Italy. (E) the distance‟s
When the British sailors boarded the Mary
Celeste, they were puzzled. The crewmen's be- 11. The underlined word „they‟ (line 13) refers to
longings were still in their quarters, and the ….
cargo of 1,701 barrels of industrial alcohol was (A) the crew of Mary Celeste
intact. The ship had enough food and water to (B) the British sailors
last six months at sea. So where were the people? (C) Dei Gratia captain
The Mary Celeste crew, consisting of Capt. Ben- (D) the passengers
jamin Spooner Briggs, his wife and 2 -year- old (E) the belongings
daughter, plus seven crewmen, was gone, as was
the ship's lone lifeboat. The last log entry was
from 11 days before the ship was found empty.

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12. The underlined word „their‟ (line 14) refers 15. The underlined word „one‟ (line 10) refers to
to .… ….
(A) the Mary Celeste‟s (A) an unbelievable deal
(B) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s (B) a reputable site
(C) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s belong- (C) good enough radar
ings (D) a bad site
(D) the Mary Celeste‟s crewmen‟s quarters (E) Outdated site design
(E) the Mary Celeste‟s barrels of
16. The underlined word „there‟ (line 21) refers
13. The underlined word „it‟ (line 32) refers to to .…
…. (A) lack of security
(A) one of the ship‟s two pumps (B) sensitive information
(B) the ship‟s bottom (C) unsecured website
(C) a mechanical malfunction (D) payment page
(D) the Mary Celeste (E) url beginning with “https”
(E) the lifeboat
Passage 5 (soal 17 - 20)
Passage 4 (soal 14 - 16) One of Google Maps' most appealing fea-
There are things you shouldn't buy online, tures is its online collection of street -level pho-
and there are also shady-looking sites you tographic panoramas, which allow users to roam
shouldn't buy from. You probably have dozens neighborhoods across the U.S. and in other
of reputable sites in your mental online shop- countries as well. In addition to the usual street
ping database, but every so often you'll come scenes, Google has begun posting 360-degree
across an unbelievable deal on a site you've never images of hiking trails in North America, which
heard of. Maybe the site will seem legit, but of- its photographers have shot using cumbersome
ten it won't. Most of us have good enough radar backpack - mounted cameras.
that we immediately know a bad place when we In 2013 however, Google was granted a pat-
see one. Outdated site design with an over- ent for a device that would make shooting such
whelming variety of fonts, item descriptions in landscapes far easier. The application, titled
broken English, no contact information — these "Walking Stick with IMU [inertial measurement
are the signs. No matter how good the deal is, unit]," basically is just that — a staff with em-
just steer clear. bedded cameras and location sensors, coupled
Another red flag is a lack of security. If you with a switch at the bottom that causes the cam-
reach a page on which you need to enter pay- eras to snap pictures whenever the stick taps the
ment or other sensitive information, always ground.
check if the URL begins with "https" instead of While the gadget could be used by Google's
"http." No "s" means the site hasn't been se- own photographers, the patent application notes
cured and your information could be at risk of that similar technology could be repurposed in
being stolen. Get out of there quick and don't canes, crutches and other mobility devices used
look back. by disabled people. This would allow them to
[source: money.howstuffworks.com/10-things-should-never-buy-online.htm] shoot and transmit pictures while their hands
were otherwise occupied or if they had a condi-
14. The underlined word „it‟ (line 8) refers to …. tion that made it difficult to operate a camera
(A) a thing [sources: Bishop, Ratner and Smith].
(B) online [source: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/future-tech/10- weird-patents-
(C) a reputable site that-google-owns5.htm]
(D) an unbelievable deal
(E) one of the sites you‟ve never heard

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17. The underlined word „which‟ (line 3) refers


to .…
(A) Google Maps
(B) Features
(C) Online collection of street-level of pho-
tographic panoramas
(D) photography
(E) users

18. The underlined word „its‟ (line 8) refers to …


(A) the US‟
(B) street‟s
(C) Google‟s
(D) the trails‟
(E) the image‟s

19. The underlined word „such‟ (line 13) refers to.



(A) the likes of street photos
(B) the likes of hiking trails
(C) the likes of portable device
(D) the likes of photos
(E) the likes of the US neighborhood

20. The underlined word „this‟ (line 24) refers to


….
(A) the IMU gadget
(B) the camera
(C) Google patent for panoramic photo-
graphs
(D) the repurpose of IMU technology
(E) the cane

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Passage 1 (soal 1) fresh air, as well as multiple wineries, cellars


My children have outgrown books in and a complex network of passages, tunnels,
which polar bears and penguins inhabit the and corridors.
same page. But there is an alarming number “It was large enough to shelter around
of them out there and this is one bio- 20,000 people with their livestock and food
geographical crime I cannot forgive. stores,” Quora user Trishla Prasad wrote.
Polar bears live in the Arctic, near the Considering its age, the underground city
North Pole. Penguins live in Antarctica and is in excellent condition and is accessible
the neigh bouring continents, near the South today via numerous tours. Travellers should
Pole. They are literally poles apart, so don't be advised, however, that exploring the
unite them in fiction just because they look complex involves a lot of stairs.
cute together.
[source:http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20150821 -six-
[source:http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150902-the-truth lesser-known-wonders-of-the-ancient-world]]
- about-polar-bears]
02. The word „counterpart‟ (paragraph 01) is
best replaced by …
01. The word „unite‟ (paragraph 2) is best re-
(A) convention
placed by …
(B) part
(A) break (C) caverns
(B) glue (D) city
(C) divide (E) name
(D) join
(E) knit 03. The word „amenities‟ (paragraph 3) is similar
in meaning to …
Passage 2 (Soal 2 - 5)
(A) ammunition
Underneath the small town of Der- (B) facilities
inkuyu, 750km southeast of Istanbul in Cap- (C) solutions
padocia‟s Nevsehir province, lies the largest (D) items
system of caverns ever built by hand – Der- (E) purposes
inkuyu – Turkey‟s underground city, which
shares a name with its more conventional, 04. The word „stores‟ (paragraph 4) has similar
above-ground counterpart. meaning to …
This ancient Anatolian wonder has all (A) shops
the trappings of a well-developed municipal (B) supplies
centre, with schools, stables and churches – (C) levels
but rather than rising from the ground, (D) items
Derinkuyu‟s meeting places are carved from (E) enter
soft volcanic rock 60m to 85m beneath the
surface. 05. The word „complex‟ (last paragraph) is best
Built between the 7th and 8th Century replaced by …
BC, the underground complex was built to (A) complicated
defend against attacks from marauding (B) intricate
armies. Though it was intended as a tempo- (C) site
rary shelter, its amenities were impressive: (D) city
some 600 above-ground doors from which (E) tour
someone can enter the underground city
from, 15,000 ventilation ducts to provide

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Passage 3 (Soal 6 - 8) Passage 4 (Soal 9 - 10)


In 2014, Eline Lorenzen of the Univer- The history of philosophy is intertwined
sity of California, Berkeley and her col- with the history of the natural sciences.
leagues looked for genetic differences be- Long before the 19th century, when the term
tween brown bears and polar bears. Some of “science” began to be used with its modern
the most striking were to do with fat me- meaning, those who are now counted among
tabolism. The levels of cholesterol in the the major figures in the history of Western
polar bear's blood are "extreme". philosophy were of ten equally famous for
"For polar bears, profound obesity is a their contributions to “natural philosophy”,
harmless state," Lorenzen said in a state- the bundle of inquiries now designated as
ment. sciences. Aristotle was the first great
biologist; Rene Descartes formulated
"It remains an enigma how polar bears
analytics geometry (“Cartesian geometry”)
are able to deal with such lifelong elevated
and discovered laws of the reflection and
levels of cholesterol," the authors wrote.
refraction of light; Gottfried Leibniz laid
The answer may have something to do with
claim to priority in the invention of calculus;
some genetic fine- tuning of the polar bear's
and Immanuel Kant offered the basis of a
cardiovascular function.
still-current hypothesis regarding the
[source: http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150902-the-truth formation of the solar system (the
- about-polar-bears] Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis).
[source: Grayling, A. (2008). The Encyclopædia Britannica
06. The word „striking‟ (paragraph 1) has similar guide to the ideas that made the modern world the ideas
meaning to … that made the modern world. London: Robinson.]

(A) hitting
(B) slapping 09. The word „designated‟ (paragraph 1)
(C) noticeable means …
(D) attacking (A) designed
(E) understandable (B) classified
(C) separated from
07. The word „profound‟ (paragraph 2) is best (D) invented
replaced by … (E) changed
(A) extreme
(B) wise 10. The word „still -current‟ (paragraph 1) has
(C) complex similar meaning to …
(D) extensive (A) flowing
(E) complete (B) present-day
(C) still valid
08. The word „enigma‟ (paragraph 3) means … (D) oceanic
(A) problem (E) electric
(B) phenomenon
(C) event
(D) curiosity
(E) mystery

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Passage 5 (Soal 11) and Alcohol Studies at the University of


The study, which was just published in the Nottingham.
journal Environmental Toxicology & [source: https://www. biomedcentral . com/presscenter/

Chemistry, shows that although these drugs pressreleases/290515']

are found only in relatively limited quantities


in the river water, their concentration did not 12. The word „forgo‟ (paragraph 1) means …
decline with distance downstream from the (A) care about
wastewater treatment plant discharge. (B) sacrifice
Moreover, many of the drugs were not (C) spend
removed completely during drinking water (D) change
treatment. (E) finance
[source: https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/
are- fish-getting-high-cocaine-254184] 13. The word „dependence‟ (paragraph 3) has
similar meaning to …
11. The word „limited‟ can be replaced by … (A) support
(A) restriction (B) weakness
(B) constraint (C) belief
(C) small (D) addiction
(D) controlled (E) vulnerability
(E) absolute
Passage 7 (Soal 14 - 15)
Passage 6 (Soal 12 - 13) Day of the Dead is a Mexican holiday
Smoking is not only bad for your health; celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular
it also puts 400,000 children in poverty. the Central and South regions, and
Smoking places a financial burden on low acknowledged around the world in other
income families, suggesting that parents are cultures. The holiday focuses on gatherings
likely to forgo basic household and food of family and friends to pray for and
necessities in order to fund their addiction, remember friends and family members
according to UK research published in the who have died, and help support their
open access journal BMC Public Health. spiritual journey. In 2008 the tradition was
inscribed in the Representative List of the
This is the first UK study to highlight
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
the extent to which smoking worsens child
by UNESCO.
poverty. The findings are based on national
surveys which estimate the number of It is particularly celebrated in Mexico
children living in poverty by household where the day is a public holiday. Prior to
structure. In 1999, the UK government Spanish colonization in the 16th century,
announced a target to abolish child poverty the celebration took place at the beginning
by 2020, though this target is unlikely to be of summer. It was moved to October 31st,
met. It is therefore crucial to identify November 1st, and November 2nd to
avoidable factors that contribute to and occur simultaneously with the Roman
worsen child poverty. Catholic triduum festival Allhallowtide (All
Saints‟ Eve, All Saints‟ Day, and All Souls‟
"Smoking reduces the income available
Day). Traditions connected with the
for families to feed, clothe and otherwise
holiday include building private altars called
care for their children living in low-income
ofrendas, honoring the deceased using
households. This study demonstrates that if
sugar skulls, marigolds, and the favourite
our government, and our health services,
foods and beverages of the departed, and
prioritized treating smoking dependence, it
visiting graves with these as gifts. Visitors
could have a major effect on child poverty as
also leave possessions of the deceased at
well as health," says lead author, Dr Tessa
the graves.
Langley from the UK Centre for Tobacco
[source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead]

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14. The word „inscribed‟ (paragraph 1) is


mostly similar to …
(A) included
(B) changed
(C) held
(D) started
(E) celebrated

15. The word „departed‟ (paragraph 2) can be


replaced by …
(A) the act of leaving
(B) changed direction
(C) dead people
(D) family of the dead
(E) celebration

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Passage 1 (Soal 1 - 3) Big Kiss


Joe Cifelli says people are surprised by
Many foods hold awesome amounts of how much energy is in food. A Hershey Kiss
energy. has 26 calories, Cifelli says. That doesn‟t
sound like much, but if a machine could
What does a burning cheese curl have to do turn all that energy into power, it could lift a
with energy? Ask Joe Cifelli. He‟s a professor car six feet off the ground! When you eat,
at St. Joseph‟s University in Philadelphia. He your body uses most of that energy to digest
also teaches fourth graders about nutrition. your food and keep the trillions of cells in
The first lesson is setting cheese curls on your body running smoothly.
fire.
[source: http://www.readworks.org/passages/
Cheese curls burn because they contain
hot-topics]
energy. “Food is energy,” Cifelli explains.
Fire consumes that energy when Cifelli
01. The author uses the statement, “The first
burns a cheese curl. When you eat food, you
lesson is setting cheese curls on fire,” in
are putting energy into your body. You use
order to …
energy in many different ways — running on
the playground, walking the dog, and (A) cause disbelief in the reader.
brushing your teeth. Everything your body (B) get the reader‟s attention.
does requires energy, even breathing and (C) make the reader feel angry because it is
thinking. unsafe.
Energy is measured in units called calo- (D) encourage the reader to destroy junk
ries. Scientists figure out how many calories food.
are in a food by burning it, much as Cifelli
does, but they use a device called a bomb 02. The author‟s purpose in writing this article
calorimeter. That machine measures the heat probably was to …
given off by the burning food. (A) make fun of overweight people.
People on diets often worry about the (B) educate the reader about calories and
calories they eat and count calories like wan- the body‟s need for energy.
nabe scientists. But calories aren‟t bad! In (C) inform the reader that dieting is safe.
fact, most kids need between 1,600 and (D) help the reader understand that having
2,500 calories per day to grow and be too much body fat is unsafe.
healthy.
If you eat more calories than you burn 03. The reason the author describes how the few
off, your body stores that energy. “It‟s like calories in a Hershey Kiss could turn into
gasoline,” Cifelli says. “If you don‟t burn it, enough energy to lift a car six feet off of the
your body will put it in a storage tank.” Your ground is to demonstrate …
body turns unused calories into fat for (A) that chocolate is good for your body.
storage. (B) how much activity goes into making
Having too much fat and being candy.
overweight can cause health problems. But (C) how much energy the human body uses.
you can work to stay at a healthy weight by (D) how high a heavy person can jump.
listening to your body; be active and don‟t
eat unless you feel hungry. Healthy eating,
Cifelli claims, is just a matter of
understanding the energy that goes in and
the energy that is burned off. “It‟s about
making choices,” he says.

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Passage 2 (soal 4 - 5) 05. The author mentions storyteller Ellen


Shapiro partly in order to …
Once upon a time there lived a great sto- (A) emphasize the importance of telling
ryteller whose tales delighted both children instead of reading stories.
and adults. He told a story about an emperor (B) show that “The Princess and the Pea” is
who had a new wardrobe and about a tiny autobiographical.
girl who was no taller than a person‟s thumb. (C) promote New York City‟s
That storyteller‟s name was Hans commemoration of Andersen‟s birth.
Christian Andersen, and his fans have (D) find fault with Shapiro for not
already celebrated the anniversary of his memorizing the stories.
210th birthday [2015].
People are retold Andersen‟s fairy tales in Passage 3 (soal 6)
countries such as Denmark and Egypt.
Andersen‟s fans also commemorated the My children have outgrown books in which
anniversary with a variety of celebrations. In polar bears and penguins inhabit the same
New York City‟s Central Park, storyteller page. But there is an alarming number of
Ellen Shapiro read “The Princess and the them out there and this is one
Pea” to a crown of children. biogeographical crime I cannot forgive.
In Denmark, 15-foot-tall puppets danced Polar bears live in the Arctic, near the
in midair every night from May until North Pole. Penguins live in Antarctica and
September. In Singapore, the post office the neighbouring continents, near the South
published a series of Andersen stamps. And Pole. They are literally poles apart, so don't
in Egypt, the library in Alexandria has dis- unite them in fiction just because they look
played Andersen‟s books, translated into 150 cute together.
languages.
[source: http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150902-
“Andersen‟s stories have everything, “
the-truth- about-polar-bears]
Shapiro told Senior Edition. “They are funny
and sad and joyous. I never get tired of
06. From the text above, the author‟s tone seems
them.” Storytellers such as Shapiro love

carrying on Andersen‟s tradition, Shapiro
doesn‟t memorize her favorite stories, (A) inspired
however. Instead, she learns what happens at (B) fearful.
the beginning, middle and end. She changes (C) annoyed.
the words of a story to fit the audience. (D) anxious.
Therefore, no two tellings of a story are
exactly alike. Passage 4 (Soal 7 - 8)
[source: www.readworks.org/get/227668]
Movie Review: Nightcrawler
04. The author wrote this article to …
As Lou Bloom, a freelance TV news
(A) celebrate the life and work of Hans cameraman with a nose for graphic tragedy,
Christian Andersen. Jake Gyllenhaal creeped me out big-time. I
(B) inform readers about the 210th mean that as high praise. Gyllenhaal, in a
anniversary of Andersen‟s birth. poisonously potent performance, acts with
(C) interest readers in Andersen‟s stories. morbid excitement. Bloom will crawl into
(D) all of the above. any LA rat hole or car wreck to produce
video or dig out a photo he can sell to a TV
news director, just to momentarily sate the
public‟s appetite for gory digital sensation.

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If I‟m making Nightcrawler sound like a Passage 5 (Soal 9 - 10)


sharp attack against a society that gets the
exploitative news it deserves, maybe that‟s It is only very recently that it has been
because it often is. Luckily, the film‟s writer thought appropriate to teach ethics in
and first-time director, Dan Gilroy, is government schools. One reasonable
hunting bigger game than cloning Network. explanation for this is that traditionally ethics
Bloom is more akin to the sociopaths in Taxi was conceived of as a set of sacred rules and
Driver and Peeping Tom. He fancies himself an admonitions. Out of a desire for religious
artist, arranging the wounded and the dead neutrality, government schools shied away
to the best catch the light and hold the frame from teaching ethics.
he composes with such care and little regard The idea, however, that ethics must be
for pesky morality or professional ethics. religious, is wrong. For thousands of years
When you can‟t find an accident or a murder, philosophers have developed the field of
why not create it yourself ? secular ethics. Secular ethics doesn‟t depend
Nightcrawler curves and hisses its way into on the idea that God doesn‟t exist, but
your head with demonic skill. When the instead is focused on providing reasons for
laughs come, they stick in your throat. This ethical positions that are not religiously
is deliciously twisted piece of work. And dependent (but may still be compatible with
Gyllenhaal, coiled and ready to spring, is religious views).
scarily brilliant. He truly is a monster of our Secular ethics is unavoidable. For
time. instance, even if we believe in God‟s
[source: http://www. rollingstone . com/movies/ existence, religious texts are typically
reviews/ nightcrawler-20141030] incomplete, and sometimes contradictory, on
moral questions. To take a biblical example,
07. What impressions would you form about the should a childless widow marry her deceased
author‟s attitude toward the husband‟s brother? Leviticus (xx, 21) says
m o v i e Nightcrawler? „no‟, while Deuteronomy (xxv, 5) says „yes‟.
Judging between the two requires something
(A) concerned.
more than religious authority. Furthermore,
(B) appreciative.
most religious texts were written at a time
(C) disapproving.
when many of today‟s most challenging
(D) skeptical.
moral questions were inconceivable.
Adopting and applying passages from these
08. Why does the author mention the movie
texts is increasingly awkward (e.g. „What
Network?
would Jesus think about financial incentives
(A) To show that Lou Bloom character is for organ donation, or the use of human
similar to characters in Network. enhancement technologies?‟). Secular ethics
(B) To show that Nightcrawler is not a can fill the void.
copycat of Network, despite the In a society composed of those from a
similarities. multitude of religious (and non-religious)
(C) To show that Dan Gilroy is much better backgrounds, secular ethics also provides us
than Network. with reasons that are open for all. In living
(D) To show that Dan Gilroy has managed together, it is these reasons that are likely to
to create an incredible character like Lou persuade those who don‟t share our beliefs
Bloom. about the divine, or the implications.
Secular ethics, then, is necessary. But can it
be taught?
[source: http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/03/
should-ethics-be-taught-in-schools/]

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09. The author‟s tone in explaining secular ethics The dog family originated in North
is … America about 40 million of years ago and
(A) persuasive. reached a maximum diversity around 22 mil-
(B) loving. lion of years ago, when more than 30 species
(C) sarcastic. inhabited the continent. Today, only 9 spe-
(D) egotistical. cies of the dog family live in North America.
They progressively increased in body size
10. Why does the author mention Leviticus and and specialized into becoming large preda-
Deuteronomy (paragraph 3)? tors. Some of them exceeded 30 kg and were
among the largest carnivores on the North
(A) To show that bible can be wrong.
American continent. Although several large
(B) To demonstrate that deciding between
carnivores today face a higher extinction risk
what is right and wrong can be solved
than smaller species, the authors of the study
by the bible.
found no evidence of a similar pattern in
(C) To exemplify a case in which we need
ancient canid species.
more than religious authority in solving
The evolutionary success o f carnivorous
a problem.
animals is inevitably linked to their ability to
(D) To nominate the bible as the real source
obtain food. The limited amount of
of morality.
resources (preys) imposes strong
competition among carnivores sharing the
Passage 6 (Soal 11)
same geographic range. For instance African
carnivores such as wild dogs, hyenas, lions,
Competition played a more important
and other felids are constantly competing
role in the evolution of the dog family
with each other for food. North American
(wolves, foxes, and their relatives) than cli-
carnivores in the past might have followed
mate change, shows a new international
similar dynamics and much of the competi-
study published in PNAS.
tion is found among species of the dog fam-
An international team including scientist
ily and from ancient felids and dogs. Inter-
from the Universities of Gothenburg
estingly, while felids appeared to have
(Sweden), Sao Paulo (Brazil), and Lausanne
strongly negative impact on the survival of
(Switzerland) analyzed over 2000 fossils and
ancient dogs, the opposite is not true. This
revealed that the arrival of felids—a
suggests that felids must have been more
mammal of cat family—to North America
efficient predators than most of the extinct
from Asia had a deadly impact on the
species in the dog family.
diversity of the dog family, contributing to
the extinction of as many as 40 of their [source: sciencedaily]
species.
“We usually expect climate changes to 11. The author‟s tone in explaining the passage
play an overwhelming role in the evolution above is mostly …
of biodiversity. Instead, competition among (A) urgent
different carnivore species proved to be even (B) impartial
more important for canids, a mammal of dog (C) optimistic
family” says leading author Daniele Silvestro (D) cruel
at the Department of Biological and
Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg.

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Passage 1 (Soal 1) 02. The passage should begin with …


Black mambas typically eat small mammals and (A) Holi is a place where Hindus pray.
birds, though according to Blue Planet Biomes, (B) Holi is an important festival in India.
there have been reports of mambas found with (C) There are some important festivals cele-
whole parrots or full-grown cobras in their brated by Hindus.
stomachs. (1) In his book Black Mambas (D) Many religions have their own festivals.
(Checkerboard, 2006), Adam G. Klein wrote that (E) Festivals have their own meanings.
black mambas hunt by biting their prey and in-
jecting venom, then releasing it. (2) They then Passage 3 (Soal 3)
follow it until it becomes paralyzed or dies, at “Instead, they are named for the coloration
which point they eat it. (3) It doesn‟t usually take of the inside of their mouths, which is a deep,
prey very long to die after being bitten by a black inky black,” explained Viernum. “Similar to cot-
mamba. Black mambas devour their food whole. tonmouths, when threatened a mamba will open
(4) Black mambas have no specific predators. (5) its mouth to show the black lining as a warning
They have flexible jaws that they can dislocate in signal.”
order to fit food up to four times the size of [source: http://www.livescience.com/43559-black- mamba.html]
their head into their mouth.
[source: http://www.livescience.com/43559-black- mamba.html] 03. The best sentence to begin the paragraph
should be …
01. Which one is irrelevant from the passage? (A) In contrast to their names, Black Mam-
(A) Sentence 1. bas do not have any black coloration
(B) Sentence 2. anywhere inside or outside their body.
(C) Sentence 3. (B) Contrary to what its name would sug-
(D) Sentence 4. gest, black mambas are actually
(E) Sentence 5. brownish in color.
(C) Black Mambas are the blackest-skinned
Passage 2 (Soal 2) snakes on earth.
The festival has many purposes; most promi- (D) Black Mambas are one of the most ven-
nently, it celebrates the beginning of Spring. In omous snakes in the world.
17TH century literature, it was identified as a (E) Humans have threatened the population
festival that celebrated agriculture, commemo- of Black Mambas.
rated good spring harvest and the fertile land.
Hindus believe it is a time of enjoying spring‟s Passage 4 (Soal 4)
abundant colours and saying farewell to winter. Have you ever curled your index finger to-
To many Hindus, Holi festivities mark the begin- wards someone with your palm facing up? (1)
ning of the new year as well as an occasion to Curling your index finger with the palm facing
reset and renew ruptured relationships, end con- up is a common gesture that people in the
flicts, and rid themselves of accumulated emo- United States use to beckon someone to come
tional impurities from the past. It also has a reli- closer. (2)However, it is considered a rude ges-
gious purpose, symbolically signified by the leg- ture in Slovakia, China, East Asia, Malaysia, Sin-
end of Holika. The night before Holi, bonfires gapore, the Phillipines, and many other parts of
are lit in a ceremony known as Holika Dahan. the world. It‟s also considered extremely impolite
The ritual Holika Dahan symbolises the victory to use this gesture with people. (3)It is used only
of good over evil. People gather around the fire to beckon dogs in many Asian countries — and
to sing and dance using it in the Philippines can actually get you
arrested! (4)The thumbs-up gesture signifies a
job well done. (5)The appropriate way to beckon
someone in much of Europe, and parts of Asia,
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is to face the palm of your hand downward and (B) The disciplines in free diving.
move your fingers in a scratching motion. (C) Indoor free diving.
[source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/smartertravel/10- innocent- (D) Deep-water free diving.
hand-gestures_b_5022230.html] (E) Natalia Molchanova‟s career in free

04. Which is irrelevant from the text? Passage 6 (Soal 6 - 7)


(A) Sentence 1. Seppuku , stomach- or abdomen-cutting, is
(B) Sentence 2. a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowel-
(C) Sentence 3. ment. Seppuku was originally reserved for samu-
(D) Sentence 4. rai. Part of the samurai bushido honor code,
(E) Sentence 5. seppuku was used either voluntarily by samurai
to die with honor rather than fall into the hands
Passage 5 (Soal 5) of their enemies or as a form of capital punish-
In free diving, men and women descend as ment for samurai who had committed serious
deep as they can on a single breath. Not infre- offenses, or performed because they had
quently, when they reach the surface after a deep brought shame to themselves. The ceremonial
dive they pass out. In a competition, if they pass disembowelment, which is usually a part of a
out before five seconds after reaching the sur- more elaborate ritual and performed in front of
face their dive doesn‟t count. spectators, consists of plunging a short blade,
There are eight disciplines in free diving, traditionally a tanto, into the abdomen and draw-
three of which take place indoors in a pool and ing the blade from left to right, slicing open the
involve holding one‟s breath and swimming as abdomen. People are usually familiar with two
far as one can underwater on a single breath. kinds of seppuku.
The other five are deep-water disciplines. Two While the voluntary seppuku described is
of them, variable weight and no limits, are too the best known form, in practice the most com-
dangerous for competitions; a diver can only mon form of seppuku was obligatory seppuku.
attempt a record. In variable weight, a diver is (1)It is used as a form of capital punishment for
pulled down by a metal sled, then swims to the disgraced samurai, especially for those who com-
surface. In no limits, the diver also rides a sled mited a serious offense such as unprovoked
but ascends by means of an air bag. In the re- murder, rape, robbery, corruption, or treason. (2)
maining three disciplines, the divers descend by The samurai were generally told of their offense
pulling on a rope, or wearing weights. The most in full and given a set time to commit seppuku,
prestigious event is constant weight, in which a usually before sunset on any given day. (3)On
diver wearing fins or a monofin, a device that occasion, if the sentenced individuals were un-
looks like a mermaid‟s tail, must return to the cooperative or outright refused to end their own
surface with the weight he or she wore to the lives, it was not unheard of for them to be re-
bottom. Natalia Molchanova, who held the re- strained and the seppuku carried out by an exe-
cord for breath holding (nine minutes and two cutioner, or for the actual execution to be carried
seconds), excelled at this, but she was pretty out instead by decapitation while retaining only
much better than everyone else at nearly all the the trappings—or ornamentation— of seppuku.
tasks. She was challenged from time to time by (4)Even the short sword laid out in front of the
other women, but never really seriously. She was offender could be replaced with a fan. Unlike
so consistent that she was sometimes called voluntary seppuku, seppuku carried out as capi-
“The Machine”. tal punishment did not necessarily pardon the
[source: http://www.newyorker.com/news/sporting-scene/ the- offender‟s family of the crime. (5)Seppuku is
disappearance-of-the-worlds-greatest-free-diver] also known as harakiri. Depending on the sever-
ity of the crime, all or part of the property of
05. The paragraph following this passage most the condemned could be confiscated, and the
likely discusses … family would be punished by being stripped of
(A) The definition of free diving. rank, sold into long-term servitude, or execution.
[source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seppuku]

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06. The missing paragraph 2 most likely talks Passage 8 (Soal 10)
about … Orcas, or killer whales, are the largest of the
(A) the two kinds of seppuku. dolphins and one of the world‟s most powerful
(B) the obligatory seppuku. predators. They feast on marine mammals such
(C) the voluntary seppuku. as seals, sea lions, and even whales, employing
(D) the definition of seppuku. teeth that can be four inches (ten centimeters)
(E) seppuku in countries other than Japan. long. They are known to grab seals right off the
ice. They also eat fish, squid, and seabirds.
07. Which one is irrelevant from paragraph 3? Though they often frequent cold, coastal waters,
(A) Sentence 1. orcas can be found from the polar regions to the
(B) Sentence 2. Equator.
(C) Sentence 3. Killer whales hunt in deadly pods, family
(D) Sentence 4. groups of up to 40 individuals .... These differ-
(E) Sentence 5. ent groups may prey on different animals and
use different techniques to catch them. Resident
Passage 7 (Soal 8 - 9) pods tend to prefer fish, while transient pods
It was in the climate of the Enlightenment target marine mammals. All pods use effective,
political philosophies described above, and in the cooperative hunting techniques that some liken
middle of the growing realization of individuals‟ to the behavior of wolf packs.
rights as citizens, that the two great 18th-century Whales make a wide variety of communica-
revolutions took place. tive sounds, and each pod has distinctive noises
The American Revolution of 1775-83 fol- that its members will recognize even at a dis-
lowed more than a decade of growing estrange- tance. They use echolocation to communicate
ment between the British crown and a large and and hunt, making sounds that travel underwater
influential segment of its North American colo- until they encounter objects, then bounce back,
nies. In a royal proclamation of 1763, for in- revealing their location, size, and shape.
stance, a line was drawn marking the limit of Killer whales are protective of their young,
settlement from the British colonies, beyond and other adolescent females often assist the
which Indian trade was to be conducted through mother in caring for them. Mothers give birth
British-appointed commisioners. every three to ten years, after a 17-month preg-
[source: Grayling, A. C. Ideas That Matter: The Concepts That Shape nancy.
the 21st Century. New York: Basic, 2012. Print.]
Orcas are immediately recognizable by their
08. The paragraph preceding the text above distinctive black-and-white coloring and are the
most likely talks about… intelligent, trainable stars of many aquarium
shows. Killer whales have never been extensively
(A) Climate change.
hunted by humans.
(B) the Enlightenment political philoso-
[source: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/ mammals/
phies. killer-whale/]
(C) Revolutions.
(D) City and its citizens.
10. The best sentence to fill in the missing part
(E) the American and the British.
in paragraph 3 is …
09. The paragraph following the text above most (A) There appear to be both resident and
likely talks about … transient pod population of killer
whales.
(A) the Enlightenment political philoso-
(B) There are three groups of pods in killer
phies.
whales population.
(B) the national song of the British.
(C) Killer whales hunt with wolf packs.
(C) the World War II.
(D) Killer whales hunt solitarily.
(D) another 18th-century revolution.
(E) There is only one pod population of kil-
(E) a prehistoric war.
ler whales.

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Passage 9 (Soal 11) (C) why secular ethics is important.


It is only very recently that it has been (D) whether ethics can be taught or not.
thought appropriate to teach ethics in govern- (E) people should live in peace.
ment schools. One plausible explanation for this
is that traditionally ethics was conceived of as a Passage 10 (Soal 12 - 14)
set of sacred rules and warnings. Out of a desire Sharks are worth more in the ocean than in
for religious neutrality, government schools a bowl of soup, according to researchers from
shield away from teaching ethics. the University of British Columbia.
The idea, however, that ethics must be reli- A new study, published today in Oryx
gious, is wrong. For thousands of years philoso- The International Journal of Conservation,
phers have developed the field of secular ethics. shows that shark ecotourism currently generates
Secular ethics doesn‟t depend on the idea that more than US$314 million annually worldwide
God doesn‟t exist, but instead is focused on pro- and is expected to generate more than double to
viding reasons for ethical positions that are not US$780 million in the next 20 years.
religiously dependent (but may still be compati-
In comparison, the landed value of global
ble with religious views).
shark fisheries is currently US$630 million and
Secular ethics is unavoidable. For instance, has been in decline for the past decade. An esti-
even if we believe in God‟s existence, religious mated 38 million sharks were killed in 2009 to
texts are typically incomplete, and sometimes feed the global fin trade alone.
contradictory, on moral questions. To take a bib-
“The emerging shark tourism industry at-
lical example, should a childless widow marry
tracts nearly 600,000 shark watchers annually,
her deceased husband‟s brother? Leviticus (xx,
directly supporting 10,000 jobs,” says Andres
21) says „no‟, while Deuteronomy (xxv, 5) says
Cisneros - Montemayor, a PhD candidate with
„yes‟. Arbitrating between the two requires some-
UBC‟s Fisheries Economics Research Unit and
thing more than religious authority. Further-
lead author of the study. “It is abundantly clear
more, most religious texts were written at a time
that leaving sharks in the ocean is worth much
when many of today‟s most challenging moral
more than putting them on the menu.”
questions were inconceivable. Co-opting and
applying passages from these texts is increasingly “Sharks are slow to mature and produce few
awkward (e.g. „What would Jesus think about offspring,” says Rashid Sumaila, senior author
financial incentives for organ donation, or the and director of UBC‟s Fisheries Centre. “The
use of human enhancement technologies?‟). protection of live sharks, especially through
Secular ethics can fill the void. dedicated protected areas, can benefit a much
wider economic spectrum while helping the spe-
In a society composed of those from a multi-
cies recover.”
tude of religious (and non-religious) back-
grounds, secular ethics also provides us with rea- The research team from UBC, the Univer-
sons that are open for all. In living together, it is sity of Hawaii and Universidad Autónoma de
these reasons that are likely to persuade those Baja California Sur in Mexico examined shark
who don‟t share our beliefs about the divine, or fisheries and shark ecotourism data from 70 sites
the implications. in 45 countries. Almost $124 million in tourism
dollars were generated annually in the Caribbean
Secular ethics, then, is necessary. But can it
from shark tourism, supporting more than 5,000
be taught?
jobs. In Australia and New Zealand, 29,000
[source: http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/2015/03/ should-ethics
-be-taught-in-schools/]
shark watchers help generate almost $40 million
in tourism expenditure a year.
[source: http://www. sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/05/130530192429.htm]
11. The paragraph following the text most
probably discusses …
(A) the definition of secular ethics.
(B) why we should teach ethics in schools.

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12. From the passage above, the author generally


compares the value of …
(A) ocean and soup.
(B) shark menus.
(C) sharks and jobs.
(D) shark ecotourism and shark fishing.
(E) tourism and profit.

13. Assuming the information below is TRUE,


which one can weaken the writer‟s argument?
(A) Tourism has significantly decreased tiger
population, which costs up to $100 mil-
lion in the last 10 years.
(B) A new data on shark ecotourism reveals
that shark ecotourism is the most haz-
ardous activity to the oceanic environ-
ment.
(C) Sharks are also hunted for their fins and
then sold as merchandise.
(D) Many governmental agencies and non-
governmental agencies in many coun-
tries have supported shark conservation
through law and public campaigns.
(E) Australia and New Zealand are not only
famous for their shark watchers, but
also dolphin watchers.

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