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frequently ,the secant modulus of concrete is defined by using the point corresponding to
representing the service-load stresses
2.the modulus of elasticity of concrete is affected by the modulus of the cement paste and not
by that of the aggregate
3.an increase in the w/c ratio increases the porosity of the paste,reducing its modulus of
elasticity and strength
4.normal –weight aggregate have modulus of elasticity values ranging from 1.5 to 5 times that
of the cement paste
Was derivied for long-time testes on concretes with densities ranging from 90 to 155 pcf and
corresponds to the secant modulus of elasticity at approximately 0.5 fc
7.a lateral confining pressure causes an increase in the compressive strength of concrete and a
large increase in strains at failure.
8.the main types of volume changes that concrete undergoes are ,.................. , .................. and
,....................
9.shrinkage is the decrease in the volume of concrete during hardening and drying under
....temperature
12.the dying shrinkage is due to the loss of a layer of ..............water from the surface of the gel
particles.
13,the ..............water is the electrically bound water moleculus to the surface of the the gel
particles.
14.the loss of................water has little effect on the magnitude of the shrinkage.
15.shrinkage strains are dependent on the relative humidity and are largest for relative humidity
of 40% or less
17.in concrete ,the hardened cement paste shrinks ,whereas the aggregate does not.
18.there is less shrinkage with the aggregates having .................modulus of elasticity
22.in concrete members ,the exterior parts shrinks more rapidly than the interior
23.in large members ,the ratio of volume to surface area .....,resulting in ...........shrinkage.
27.at 50%relative humidity ,the amount of carbonation shrinkage can .............the drying
shrinkage
29.if the ultimate drying shrinkage ( )for a cylinder is 000800 .thus in a 25ft bay in a
building ,the average shrinkage strain would cause a shortening of about (1)in.
30.in a structure ,the shrinkage strains will tend to be less than that of a cylinder for the same
concrete for the following reasons
1.
2.
3.
32.when concrete is loaded in compression,an instantan ,elastic strain develops and the load
remains sustained on the member ,creep strains develop with time
Explain
33.the rate of creep occurs rapidly at first ,slowing down with time
Explain
34.if a load causing an initial and creep strains eventually removed,a portion of the strain is
recovered elastically and another portion of creep ,but a residual strains remains
Explain
35.the ratio of creep strains after a long time to elastic strain ( ) is called....................
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain
39.a 200 ft-long building will change its length (1.44in) due to a 100f temperature.assuming
40.the actions which help to minimize cracking in slabs and walks due to shrinkage are
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
48.prove that
1.
2.
3.
51.plastic cracks develop before the concrete has hardened between ............and......... hrs
After placing
1.
2.
53.the plastic settlement cracks develop when settlement of concrete on bleeding in uneven
due to the presence of .........................
54.to reduce in the incidence of plastic settelment we can use an ........... to reduce bleeding and
also ..........the cover to the top of steel
Explain
56.reffer to fig(13-14) mention the type of cracks designated by the letters shown