Transmission &

Distribution of Electrical
Power
(A Technical Overview)

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

 REFERENCE
Electrical Power Transmission & Distribution
By M.V.Bakshi, U.A.Bakshi
Chapter 1

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

 ELECTRICAL POWER

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

The flow of electrical power from the generating station to the

consumer is called an electrical power system. It consists of the
following important components :
i. Generating station
ii. Transmission network
iii. Distribution network

Generating Transmission Distribution

Station Network Network

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

Fig. Schematic representation of a typical transmission distribution scheme

T
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

Fig. Line diagram of a typical transmission distribution scheme

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

The overall transmission and distribution scheme can be divided into four
sections:

1. Primary transmission:
 overhead transmission lines
 voltage level is increased to 132 kV, 220 kV or more
 Also called high voltage transmission
 Uses 3 phase 3 wire system
2. Secondary transmission :
 Voltage level is reduced to 22 kV or 33 kV
 Overhead 3 phase 3 wire system
 The conductors used here are called feeders

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM
3. Primary distribution:
 Voltage level is reduced to 6.6 kV, 3.3 kV or 11 kV
 Uses three phase three wire system
 Power is further transmitted to the local distribution
centers
 Also called high voltage distribution
 Direct connection to large consumers like factories and
industries
4. Secondary distribution:
 Voltage level is reduced to 400 V or 230V
 The power is then transmitted using distributors and
service mains to the consumers
 Uses 3 phase 4 wire system
 The voltage between any two lines is 400 V while the
voltage between any of the three lines and a neutral is
230 V.
 The single phase low loads are supplied using a line
and neutral while heavy loads like motors are supplied
using three phase lines.
Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET
COMPONENTS OF DISTRIBUTION
i. Substation
ii. Local Distribution Station (Distribution Substation)
iii. Feeders
iv. Distributors
v. Service Mains

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Now a days, an electrical energy is generated, transmitted and
distributed in the alternating (A.C.) form. This is because of the
fact that the alternating voltages can be raised or lowered in
magnitudes by the use of transformers. Still sometimes for
special purposes D.C. systems are also used.
Hence in general, the transmission and distribution systems
can be classified as,
1. A.C. systems
2. D.C. systems

Let us discuss the sub-types of A.C. systems

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

A.C. SYSTEMS

A. Three Phase Three Wire System

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

PRACTICAL TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
VOLTAGE LEVELS
Considering the advantages and limitations of high voltage and economical
aspects, the following voltage levels are commonly used for the
transmission and distribution:

For Generation 6.6. kV, 11 kV, 22 kV or 33 kV

For Primary Transmission 66 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV upto 400 kV

For Secondary Transmission 11 kV, 22 kV or 33 kV

For Primary Distribution 6.6 kV or 11 kV

For Secondary Distribution 230 V and 400 V

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

TYPES OF TRANSMISSION

In general two types of systems are used for the transmission:

i. Overhead system
ii. Underground system

Overhead system

Underground system

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

SINGLE LINE REPRESENTATION OF POWER SYSTEM

Schematic
Diagram

One Line
Diagram

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET

Prepared by Mehdi Hasan Chowdhury, EEE, CUET