RESULTS

Titration between Dilute Unknown Acid Solution and NaOH Solution

Volume of NaOH Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

0 4.2 5.28 4.36
1 4.28 5.41 4.53
2 4.44 5.58 4.69
3 4.59 5.69 4.8
4 4.72 5.87 4.96
5 4.82 5.97 5.06
6 4.94 6.08 5.18
7 5.02 6.15 5.26
8 5.12 6.27 5.37
9 5.22 6.34 5.45
10 5.3 6.45 5.56
11 5.4 6.55 5.63
12 5.48 6.62 5.75
13 5.59 6.76 5.84
14 5.69 6.85 5.98
15 5.81 7.01 6.1
16 5.93 7.16 6.28
17 6.12 7.43 6.48
18 6.37 7.78 6.94
19 6.86 11.39 9.75
20 9.26 11.99 11
21 10.96 12.26 11.31
22 11.18 12.38 11.5
23 11.34 12.5 11.56
24 11.4 12.56 11.64

Percentage Error for the Unknown Acid Solutions Predicted

Predicted Unknown Acid Percentage Error

Solutions (%)
Method 1 Method 2
Pyridine (C₅H₅NH⁺) 6.9424
CALCULATIONS

Sample Calculation for Dilute Concentration of Unknown Acid Solution :

old concentration,M1 ×old volume,V1
New concentration, M₂ = new volume,V2

(0.1 M) ×(15 ml)

=
(105 ml)

= 0.0143 M

TITRATION 1

Method 1 : Determine Ka using graph

Sample calculation for Half – Equivalent Point :

volume of NaOH at equivalent point
Half-equivalent point = 2

19.7 mL
= 2

= 9.85 mL

Locate the pH of the solution corresponding to the half-equivalence point at the Graph pH
versus NaOH.

pH (at half-equivalence point) = pKa = 5.2

Sample calculation for Ka using Equation 4 :

Ka = 10−𝑝𝐾𝑎

= 10−5.2

= 6.3096 × 10−6

Sample calculation for Percentage Error :

│𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒│

Percentage error = × 100%
│𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒│

│(5.90 ×10−6 )− (6.3096 ×10−6 )│

= × 100%
│(5.90 ×10−6 )│

= 6.9424%
GRAPH FOR TITRATION 1

Unknown Acid titrated with NaOH

12

10

8.5 8
pH

6
pH
5.2
4 Linear (pH)

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

9.85 volume of NaOH 19.7

 Method 2 : Determine Ka Using Initial pH of The Unknown Acid Solution

Sample Calculation For Average Initial pH of The Unknown Acid Solution

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1+𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2+𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 3

Average pH =
3
4.2 + 5.28 + 4.36
=
3
= 4.613

Sample Calculation For [H3O+] in the Unknown Acid Solution Using Equation 5 :-

[ H3O+] = 10-pH

= 10- 4.613

= 2.438 x 10-5 M

HA + H2O → H3O+ + A-
Initial 0.1M 0 0
-5 -5
Change -2.438 x 10 M -2.438 x 10 M -2.438 x 10-5 M
Equilibrium (0.1 - 2.438 x 10-5 ) M -2.438 x 10-5 M -2.438 x 10-5 M

Sample Calculation For Ka of The Unkown Acid Solution Using Equation 6:-

[𝐻3 𝑂+ (𝑎𝑞) [𝐴− ]

𝐾𝑎 =
[𝐻𝐴]

(−2.438 𝑋 10−5 𝑀) (−2.438 𝑋 10−5 𝑀))

=
(0.1 − 2.438 x 10−5 ) M

= 5.9453 X 10-9

Sample Calculation For Percentage Error

| Theoretical Value − Experimental Value |

Percentage Error =
| Theoretical Value |

| (5.90 ×10−6 − 5.9453 X 10−9 |

= | (5.90 ×10−6 |
𝑋 100%

= 99.899%