4G Paging Performance

Monitoring Guidelines
Paging Description (4G)
› Paging messages are transmitted in all cells within the affected tracking area by the RBS on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).
The Paging Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI) is broadcast on PDCCH where the information about the modulation and coding
scheme of the PDSCH data containing the RRC Paging message, is found.
› The information in PDCCH is transmitted with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), which is scrambled with the P-RNTI. This notifies the UEs about
the presence of a Paging message within in the same subframe.
› When a UE detects a P-RNTI on the PDCCH, it demodulates and decodes the Paging message, contained in the PDSCH, and forwards it over the
Paging Channel (PCH) to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Description (4G)
o Paging message may be triggered either by MME in core network or eNB in Radio Access Network
o UEs in idle mode monitor the PDCCH channel for P-RNTI used for paging to receive paging message from eNB. The UE needs to monitor the
PDCCH only at certain UE specific paging occasion, i.e. only at specific subframe in specific radio frame. At other times the UE may go for sleep
mode to save battery power.
o Paging Frame (PF): One Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame in which the UE is looking for paging message. One Paging Frame may contain
one or multiple Paging Occasion(s).
o Paging Occasion (PO): It is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on PDCCH addressing the paging message for the UE. There is
always only one paging occasion for each UE in a DRX cycle.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Dimensioning Calculation
— Paging capacity in LTE:
— Paging Capacity in MME
— Paging Capacity in RBS
— SGSN-MME paging capacity depends on the number of SCTP/S1 boards in the SGSN-MME and the hardware type.
For MkVI hardware type, the recommendation is to not exceed 2000 outgoing pages/s per SCTP board andfor MkVIII
hardware type the recommendation is not to exceed 6000 outgoing pages/s per SCTP board.
— As an example, for an SGSN-MME configured with 5 SCTP boards of MkVI hardware type it is not recommended to
exceed 2000 x 5 = 10000 outgoing pages/s.

— The total RBS paging capacity is given as the minimum of the four capacity below:
— CPU load
— PDSCH load
— Blocking
— PDCCH load
— The paging capacity related to CPU load is expressed as:
General rule: the paging intensity should <90% cpu load capacity

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Dimensioning Calculation
— Paging capacity related to PDSCH load:
— Using the cost for conveying one paging message, the PDSCH paging load is expressed as a function of the
paging intensity:

Where:
— is the paging intensity, that is, the average number of incoming pages to the RBS per second
— where:

— To calculate the paging capacity for PDSCH load, the following expression is used:
where is the tolerable PDSCH load due to paging
(general guideline: it should not exceed 5%)

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 Paging Dimensioning Calculation
— Paging capacity related to Blocking:
— The following expression gives paging capacity in relation to blocking, in pages per seconds:

— is paging capacity in relation to blocking expressed as pages per PO

— is the number of POs per radio frame
— The following figure that shows paging capacity per PO versus blocking probability and value of
maxNoOfPagingRecords

› As general rule, the blocking probability should not exceed 2%.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Dimensioning Calculation
— Paging capacity related to PDCCH load:
— PDCCH paging capacity is written as:

— Number of CCE per radio frame:

— As general rules, maximum
tolerable PDCCH load is 5%
— Paging capacity vs PDCCH load:

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Dimensioning Calculation Summary
CPU Load (90%) Paging Capacity Blocking 2% and Load 5% Paging Capacity
Per HW Type Per LTE BW without ELC
~90% Paging Capacity maxNoOf PDCCH PDSCH Paging Paging
Baseband Type Blocking
(pages/sec) LTE BW PagingRe nB Load Load Capacity Capacity
(2%)
DUL20 900 cords (5%) (5%) (Pages/s) (Pages/hour)
DUS31/DUS41/
1250 5 MHz 7 T 330 - 380 330 1,188,000
BB5212/BB5216
microRBS 380 10 MHz 16 T 970 - 770 770 2,772,000
picoRBS 200
*Current typical HW used in the Network is 15 MHz 16 T 970 - 1140 970 3,492,000
BB5216
20 MHz 16 T 970 - 1640 970 3,492,000

Blocking 2% and Load 5% Paging Capacity

Per LTE BW with ELC Active and nB parameter is set to T/4
maxNoOf PDCCH PDSCH Paging Paging
Blocking
LTE BW PagingRe nB Load Load Capacity Capacity
The total RBS paging capacity is (2%)
cords (5%) (5%) (Pages/s) (Pages/hour)
given as the minimum of
capacity: 5 MHz 7 T/4 85 - 380 85 306,000

✓ HW Type 10 MHz 16 T/4 240 - 770 240 864,000

✓ Blocking
✓ PDCCH load 15 MHz 16 T/4 240 - 1140 240 864,000
✓ PDSCH load 20 MHz 16 T/4 240 - 1640 240 864,000
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
TA Dimensioning
Briefly, the purpose of Tracking area dimensioning exercise is to determine the number of RBSs that can be accommodated
in one Tracking Area list where a page is sent by an MME. This number is calculated both from MME perspective as well as
from RBS perspective and the minimum of the two is taken as the limiting factor.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

TA Dimensioning | NumberSiteperTAC
Number Site Simulation per TAC are by assuming using below parameter :
— Average LTE configuration is 10 MHz or more
— nB and maxNoOfPagingRecords settings are T and 16
— Average Subs per Cell are 450 Subs/Cell
— Average Paging Request per Subs in Busy Hour are 5 Paging_Request/Subs/Busy_Hour
— Average Cell per Site is 3 Cells
— GoS 2%, Occupancy 75%

Without ELC
Number_of_eNodeB_per_TAC
With ELC (50% of Cells Active)
Number_of_eNodeB_per_TAC
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
= 75% * ( 2,772,000 ) / ( 3 x 5 x 450 )
= 308 Site
= 75% * ( (2,772,000 + 864,000) / 2 ) / (3 x 5 x 450)
= 202 Site
Paging Related Parameters and Recommended Values
MO
Range and Default Recommended
Class Parameter Name Parameter Description Comment
Values Value Value
Name
By increasing this
The maximum allowed number of paging records included
parameter, paging
in one Radio Resource Control (RRC) paging message. It is 7 (5MHz)
Paging maxNoOfPagingRecords 1..16 3 capacity related to
the allowed maximum number of UE that can be paged per 16 (>=10MHz)
blocking will be
paging occasion.
increased.
The paging cycle (also referred to as T) used by the RBS 1.28 seconds. Can be
and broadcast in system information type 2. If the UE- decreased to reduce
specific Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle is provided setup time with
Paging defaultPagingCycle 32,64,128,256 128 128
in S1AP paging and has a smaller value than drawback of increased
defaultPagingCycle, the UE-specific DRX cycle overrides battery consumption in
defaultPagingCycle. UEs
Used to calculate the number and position of Paging
The setting of this
Occasions (PO) and Paging Frames
parameter will mainly
The numerical value of nB depends on the value of the
impact to PDCCH load
defaultPagingCycle (T) and can be set to one of the
capacity.
following values: 4T, 2T, T, 1/2T,1/4T, 1/8T, 1/16T, 1/32T
By increasing this
When nB is set to T, 2T or 4T, it determines the number of T4, T2,T, T1_2,
T (non ELC) parameter, the paging
Paging nB POs per PF, and the PO position in PF. T1_4, T1_8, T
T/4 (ELC) capacity related to
When nB is set to a value smaller than T, it affects the T1_16, T1_32
blocking will be
System Frame Number of the PF, the position of PO in the
increase, but it will
PF, and also distribution of UE into groups with the same
potentially limit paging
PF.
related to PDCCH load
When nB is set to a smaller value, the groups are fewer but
capacity.
larger, or more but smaller.
The length of time a received paging is retained or queued
in the RBS before it is discarded. The timer should be set to
the same (or smaller) value as the paging resend timer in This is equal to T3413
Paging pagingDiscardTimer 1..15 3 3
MME (T3413). This setting prevents the RBS from retaining (default value)
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 or sending an old paging after the re-sent copy is received
from the MME.
RAN Counter & KPI for Paging Performance Monitoring
o Counters which need to be monitored
related to Paging performance:
o pmPagS1Received
o pmPagS1Discarded
o pmPagReceived
o pmPagDiscarded

o The discarded paging should be at the

lower value compare to expected blocking
probability, i.e. 2% as general rule.
o Paging success rate per Cell: 100*
(pmPagReceived-pmPagDiscarded )/
pmPagReceived
o Paging optimization is required if the
discarded paging is higher than expected
blocking probability.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Paging Performance Monitoring | AnalysisFlow
Note: further assessment is
Start needed to define the threshold
after parameter standardization

Is
No Is paging No Is there Yes
Paging discard pmPagS1Dis
intensity > xx alarm/hw
> 1% carded
pages/sec problem?
Pegged?
Yes
Yes No
Is #page/s > HW problem / alarm
90% CPU solving or identify and
load capacity No solve other issue

Yes

Is paging No
CPU Load Evaluation / No Is paging Yes discard >
hw problem parameters 1%
check/solving optimized?
Yes

Parameter
TA Splitting
Optimization
End

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Optimization Acitivities
Tuning/optimization of paging performance from radio side is mainly related to paging capacity to ensure
there is enough paging capacity in order to prevent paging discards while keeping the paging load on PDCCH
and PDSCH channels along wtih RBS and MME CPU loads.

Key Activities:
— Parameter tuning mainly maxNoOfPagingRecords and nB.
— tInactivityTimer can be tuned as well, but it need to put more attention to other capacity and performance.
— TA Splitting
— Some key rules for TA planning:
— TAs and TA lists should be planned so that areas with frequent TA update signaling are located in low traffic areas
— TAs and TA lists should be planned so that the need for TA updates is minimized. This is accomplished by
considering how users travel within the network. Busy roads, railways, and so on, should cross as few TA list borders
as possible.
— To minimize CS call setup delay when using CS Fallback the coverage of the TA list should be within the coverage
of one and only one LA of GSM/WCDMA.
— Potential features:
— MME Configurable and Adaptive Paging
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
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