POH Cessna 172 S

 Engine Manufacturer : Textron Lycoming IO-360-L2A, Four cylinder engine, 180 BHP at
2700 RPM , Wet Sump Oil
 Propeller: McCauley 76inch Fixed Pitch
 Gravity Fuel System and Auxilary Electrical Fuel System, Standard Tanks : Total
Capacity = 56 Gal, Total Capacity Each Tank = 28 Gal,
Total Usable Each Tank =26,5 Gal Total Usable = 53 Gal
 T/O roll : 865 ft Ldg roll : 520 ft
 VNE (Never Exceed Speed) : 160kts,
VNO (Normal Operation) : 60-128kts,
Vx (Best Angle of Climb) : 70kts,
Vy (Best Rate of Climb) : 75kts,
Vs (Clean Stall) : 50kts, Vso (Dirty Stall) : 43kts,
Vfe (Flap Extended) : 41-85kts
Ignition System : Magnetos are used on internal combustion engines to supply the high
tension voltage necessary to cause an electric spark at the spark plug. C172 Magnetos
check : Both to Right Max drop 150 Rpm Both to Left Max drop 150 Rpm, Max Diff 50 Rpm
 Electrical System Baterai cessna 24Volt , 60 Amp Alternator

POH Tecnam P2006T

 Engine Manufacturer : 2x Bombardier Rotax 912S3, Four cylinder engine, 98.6 BHP at
5800 RPM(5 Minutes), 92.5 BHP at 5200RPM (Continuous) , Dry Sump Oil
LEFT ENGINE CRITICAL, Clockwise Turning
 Propeller: MtPropeller (Wood Composite Alumunium ) 1780mm Constant Speed
 Governor : MtPropeller , Hydraulic System
 Landing Gear System : Electro-Hydraulic gravity lock (Normal) , Nitrogen (Emergency)
 Engine Driven Pump Fuel System and Auxilary Electrical Fuel System, Standard Tanks :
Total Capacity = 200 Liter (26,42 Gal), Total Capacity Each Tank = 100 Liter (52,8 Gal)
Total Usable Tank =194,4 Liter (51,35 Gal) Total Unusable = 5,6 Liter (1,48 Gal)
 T/O roll : 771 ft Ldg roll : 623 ft
 VNE (Never Exceed Speed) : 171kts,
VNO (Normal Operation) : 66-138kts,
VA (Manuver Speed) : 110kts
Vx (Best Angle of Climb) : 73kts,
VxSe (Best Angle of Climb Single Engine) : 83kts
Vy (Best Rate of Climb) : 80kts,
VySe (Best Rate of Climb Single Engine) : 84kts
Vs (Clean Stall) : 50kts, Vso (Dirty Stall) : 43kts,
Vfe (Flap Extended) : 54-93kts
VLe/VLo (Maximum Landing Gear Extended/Operating) : 93kts
Vmc(Minimum Controlable Single Engine) : 62kts
Ignition System : Magnetos are used on internal combustion engines to supply the high
tension voltage necessary to cause an electric spark at the spark plug. P2006T Magnetos
check : Both to Right Max drop 130 Rpm Both to Left Max drop 130 Rpm, Max Diff 50 Rpm
 Electrical System Baterai P2006T 12Volt , 14Volt/40Amp Generator ,
G1000 Cockpit (PFD and MFD)

PFD ( PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY)

MFD MultiFunction Flight Display

G1000 System is using GRS AHRS(Attitude Heading Reference System) sensors and
consist of either solid-state or microelectromechanical
systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers for replacing traditional
gyroscope the AHRS can be rebooted and recalibrated in flight during turns of up to 20
degrees

For Direction it uses GMU MagnetoMeter

Why Plane can turning
MULTI ENGINE
Critical engine Factor (Why Left Engine) PATS
 P-factor (asymmetrical thrust)
1.Descending blade more thrust at high angle of attack,
2.Right Engine Longer Arm

 Accelerated slipstream (propwash)

1.Control Effectiveness
2.Rudder More Effective with left engine running because more slipstream flows left side
of rudder preventing aircraft to turning
3. Center of lift created by prop closer to the center of aircraft

 Torque
1.Opposite reaction to the spinning propeller tends to roll to the left
2. Longer Arm In the right engine

 Spiraling Slipstream
1.Left Engine aids directional control
2. Rudder effectiveness diminished
Maximum Turning if single engine 5° toward good engine because losing climb performance
effective turn is 3°

Feathering means
the blade pitch increased to the point that the chord line of the blade is approximately parallel
to the on-coming airflow.

Approach
Type :
1.Precision Approach
A precision approach is an instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical
guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation (DA/DH)
2.Non Precision Approach
A non-precision approach is an instrument approach and landing which utilises lateral guidance
but does not utilise vertical guidance. (MDA/MDH)
Stabilized Approach Category
VMC (VFR) = 500Feet
IMC (IFR) = 1000Feet
 The aircraft is on the correct flight path
 Only small changes in heading/pitch are necessary to maintain the correct flight path
 The airspeed is not more than VREF + 20kts indicated speed and not less than VREF
 The aircraft is in the correct landing configuration
 Sink rate is no greater than 1000 feet/minute; if an approach requires a sink rate greater
than 1000 feet/minute a special briefing should be conducted
 Power setting is appropriate for the aircraft configuration and is not below the minimum
power for the approach as defined by the operating manual
 All briefings and checklists have been conducted
 Specific types of approach are stabilized if they also fulfil the following:
o ILS approaches must be flown within one dot of the glide-slope and localizer
o a Category II or III approach must be flown within the expanded localizer band
o during a circling approach wings should be level on final when the aircraft reaches
300 feet above airport elevation; and,
 Unique approach conditions or abnormal conditions requiring a deviation from the above
elements of a stabilized approach require a special briefing.

Range of
Maximum Maximum
speeds for Range of Maximum
speeds for speeds for
ircraft initial approach final speeds Typical Aircraft
VAT intermediate final
category (and reversal approach for in this Category
missed missed
and racetrack speeds circling
approach approach
procedures)

small single
A <91 90 - 150 (110*) 70 - 100 100 100 110
engine

91 - 120 - 180 small multi

B 85 - 130 135 130 150
120 (140*) engine

121 -
C 160 - 240 115 - 160 180 160 240 airline jet
140

141 - large jet/military

D 185 - 250 130 - 185 205 185 265
165 jet

166 -
E 185 - 250 155 - 230 240 230 275 special military
210
TCAS/ACAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance system/ Airborne Collision Avoidance System)
TCAS/ACAS works by sending interrogations to other aircraft's transponders. The transponder
will reply to the interrogation in a similar way it responds to radar.
Three Type of TCAS
 TCAS I Gives Traffic Advisories (TAs) but does not recommend any manoeuvres.
 TCAS II Gives Traffic Advisories (TAs) and Resolution Advisories (RAs) in the vertical
sense (direction).
 TCAS III Gives TAs and RAs in vertical and/or horizontal directions.

RVSM (Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum)

was system implemented to reduce the vertical separation above flight level (FL) 290 from
2000ft to 1000-ft minimum. It allows aircraft to safely fly more optimum profiles, gain fuel saving
and increase airspace capacity.

Jetstream
Narrow bands high speed upper thermal winds at very high altitude
(upper tropopause /stratosphere). Jetstream typically are 1500nm Long , 200nm wide and
12.000feet deep the Wind is Greater than 60knots (30.000Feet -52.000Feet)