Tabel 16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Event

Time Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect

Present Simple Present Tense Tense Continuous Tense
Tense
Past Continuous Past Perfect
Past Simple Past Tense Tense Past Perfect Tense Continuous Tense

Future Continuous Future Perfect

Future Simple Future Tense Tense Future Perfect Tense Continuous Tense

Past Future Past Future Perfect Past Future Perfect

Past Future Past Future Tense Continuous Tense Tense Continuous Tense

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Present”

1. Simple Present Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan fakta, kebiasaan, dan keadaan umum yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + Verb / Verb-s/es + a. I work hard for this company.
Complement b. He works hard for this company.
Atau c. You are beautiful.
Positif
Subject + am/are/is + d. She is beautiful.
Complement

Sunbect + do/does not + Verb1 + a. I do not work hard for this

Complement company.
Atau b. He does not work hard for this
Negatif
Subject + am/are/is + not + company.
complement c. You are not beautiful.
d. She is not beautiful.
Do/does + Subject + Verb1 + a. Do I work hard for this company?
Complement? b. Does he work hard for this
Atau company?
Interogatif
Am/are/is + Subject + c. Are you beautiful?
Complement? d. Is she beautiful?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung. Yang paling utama dari tense ini adalah
adanya durasi waktu untuk kata kerjanya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + am/are/is + Verb-
ing + Complement
Positif We are studying English.

Subject + am/are/is + Not +

Negatif We are not studying English.
Complement
Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-
Interogatif Are we studying English?
ing + Complement?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah now, at the time, at this present, at this moment, dll.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau kejadian sudah selesai dan menekankan pada hasilnya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + has/have + Verb3 a. I have finished my homework.
+ Complement b. She has finished her homework.
Positif

Subject + has/have + not + a. I have not finished my homework.

Verb3 + Complement b. She has not finished her homework.
Negatif

Has/have + Subject + Verb3 a. Have I finished my homework?

Interogatif
+ Complement? b. Has she finished her homework?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, dll. 3.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan terus berlanjut sampai saat ini.
Biasanya aksi yang menggunakan tense ini mempunyai durasi waktu tentu dan mempunyai relevansi
dengan kondisi sekarang.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + has/have + been + a You have been working here since 2015.
Verb-ing + Complement b.She has been speaking for the last 3 hours.
Positif

Subject + has/have + not + a. You have not been working here since
been + Verb-ing + 2015.
Negatif Complement b. She has not been speaking for the last 3
hours.

a. Have you been working here since

2015?
Interogatif
Has/have + Subject + been b. Has she been speaking for the last 3
+ Verb-ing + Complement? hours?
Tenses dalam Bentuk “Past”
Kata sinyal untuk tense ini adalah since, for the past …, the whole week, dll.

5. Simple Past Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian di masa lampau.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + Verb2 + Complement a. I worked hard for that company.
Atau b. He worked hard for that company.
Positif
Subject + was/were + c. You were beautiful.
Complement d. She was beautiful.
Subject + did not + Verb1 + a. I did not work hard for that company.
Complement b. He did not work hard for that
Atau company.
Negatif c. You were not beautiful.
Subject + was/were + not +
Complement d. She was not beautiful.

Did + Subject + Verb1 + a. Did I work hard for that company?

Complement? b. Did he work hard for that company?
Atau c. Were you beautiful?
Interogatif
Was/were + Subject + d. Was she beautiful?
Complement?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah last year, last month, yesterday, in 1996, last Sunday, dll.

6. Past Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau. Biasanya, ada 2
kejadian terjadi di masa lampau, dan kejadian yang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan tense ini.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + was/were + Verb- I was studying English when he called.
ing + Complement
Positif

Subject + was/were + Not + I was not studying English when he called.

Negatif
Verb-ing + Complement
Was/were + Subject + Verb- Was I studying English when he called?
Interogatif
ing + Complement?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday, dll.

7. Past Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau, dan
lebih menekankan pada hasil dari pada durasinya kejadiannya. Biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan
kejadian mana yang terlebih terjadi dahulu di antara 2 kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + had + Verb3 + I had finished my homework before I met up
Complement with my friends yesterday.
Positif

Negatif Subject + had + not + Verb3 I had not finished my homework before I met
 + Complement up with my friends yesterday.

Had + Subject + Verb3 + Had I finished my homework before I met up

Interogatif
Complement? with my friends yesterday?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day, dll.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan sudah selesai pada waktu tertentu di
masa lalu juga. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya. Tense ini juga digunakan pada Reported
Speech
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + had + been + You had been crying for an hour.
Verb-ing + Complement
Positif

Subject + had + not + been You had not been crying for an hour.
+ Verb-ing + Complement
Negatif

Had + Subject + been + Had you been crying for an hour?

Interogatif
Verb-ing + Complement?
Tenses dalam Bentuk “Future”
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah for, since, the whole day, all day, dll.

9. Simple Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi atau suatu keadaan di masa depan.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
a. I will work hard for this company.
Positif Subject + will/be going to + b. I am going to work hard for this
Verb1 + Complement company.
Subject + will not / be not a. I will not work hard for this company.
Negatif going to + Verb1 + b. I am not going to work hard for this
Complement company.
Will + Subject + Verb1 + a. Will I work hard for this company?
Complement? b. Am I going to work hard for this
Atau company?
Subject
Be + Subject + going to +
Verb1 + Complement?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah next…, tomorrow, five days later, dll.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi atau keadaan yang akan terjadi di suatu waktu tertentu di
masa yang akan datang.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will / be going to+ a. I will be studying English.
be + Verb-ing + b. You are going be studying English.
Positif Complement

Negatif Subject + will not / be not a. I will not be studying English.

 going to + be + Verb-ing + b. You are not going to be
Complement studyingEnglish.

Am/are/is + Subject + Verb- a. Will I be studying English?

Interogatif
ing + Complement? b. Are you going to be studyingEnglish?

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah tomorrow morning, in ten years, dll.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan berakhir di masa depan.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will have + Verb3 I will have finished my homework.
+ Complement
Positif

Subject + will not have + I will not have finished my homework.

Verb3 + Complement
Negatif

Will + Subject + have Verb3 Will I have finished my homework?

Interogatif
+ Complement?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah next…, in a week, dll.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan terus terjadi di masa depan. Tense ini menekankan pada
hasil.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + will + have + been In 2020, she will have been working here for 2
+ Verb-ing + Complement years.
Positif

Subject + will + not + have In 2020, she will not have been workinghere
+ been + Verb-ing + for 2 years.
Negatif Complement

Will + Subject + have + In 2020, will she have been working here for 2
Interogatif been + Verb-ing + years?
Complement?

Tenses dalam Bentuk “Past Future”

Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah for the last…, all day long, dll.

13. Past Future Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lalu namun gagal (rencana yang gagal).

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should + I would come to your party if you invited me.
Positif
Verb1 + Complement
 Subject + would/should not I would not come to your party if you did not
Negatif
+ Verb1 + Complement invite me.
Would/should + Subject + Would I come to your party if you invited me?
Subject
Verb1 + Complement?
Kata sinyal waktu untuk tense ini adalah yesterday, the day before, last week, dll.

14. Past Future Continuous Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan dilakukan di masa lampau dan
akan berlangsung hingga waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi aksinya.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should +
Positif be + Verb-ing + I would be studying if you did not disturb me
Complement yesterday.
Subject + would/should not
Negatif + be + Verb-ing + I would not be studying if you did not disturb
Complement me yesterday.
Would/should + Subject +
Subject be + Verb-ing + Would I be studying if you did not disturb me
Complement? yesterday?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

Digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu aksi yang akan sudah dilakukan di masa lampau namun ternyata
tidak dilakukan (rencana yang gagal). Tense ini menekankan pada hasil.
Fungsi Rumus Contoh
Subject + would/should I would have bought a new car if I had enough
Positif + have + Verb3 + money.
Complement
Subject + would/should not I would not have bought a new car if I had
Negatif + have + Verb3 + enough money.
Complement
Would/should + Subject + Would I have bought a new car if I had
Subject
be + Verb3 + Complement? enough money?
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan aksi yang akan sudah dan masih sedang dilakukan di masa lampau, namun
sebenarnya tidak terjadi. Tense ini menekankan pada durasi dan hasilnya.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should + have
+ been + Verb-ing + She would have been waiting for me for 3 hours
Positif Complement yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.
Subject + would/should not
+ have + been + Verb-ing + She would not have been waiting for me for 3 hours
Negatif Complement yesterday but she had gone at 9.00 PM.
Would/should + Subject + have
+ been + Verb-ing + Would she have been waiting for me for 3 hours
Subject Complement? yesterday?