Digital Logic Design

Lecture - 5
 Lecture
Last? Today!
✓ SOP/POS toTruth-table • Combinational LogicCircuits
✓ K-Map
✓ Mapping
✓ Grouping
✓ Minimization

2
Section - 4

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 3

 Chapter - 5

Combinational Logic Analysis

• Basic Logic Circuits
– AND-OR Logic
• AND-OR logic produces an SOPexpression.

Equivalent POS expression?

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 4

Implementing Combinational Logic
• For every Boolean expression there is a logic circuit,
and for every logic circuit there is a Boolean
expression.
– From a Boolean Expression to a Logic Circuit

X = AB + CDE

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 5

 Summary
NAND Logic

Recall from Boolean algebra that double inversion cancels.

By adding inverting bubbles to above circuit, it is easily
converted to NAND gates:

A
C X= AC + AB
A
B
Negative-OR = NAND

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Summary
Combinational Logic Circuits

When the output of a SOP form is inverted, the circuit is

called an AND-OR-Invert circuit. The AOI configuration
lends itself to product-of-sums (POS) implementation.
An example of an AOI implementation is shown. The output
expression can be changed to a POS expression by applying
DeMorgan’s theorem twice.
A
B ABC
C X = ABC + DE X = ABC + DE AOI

D X = (ABC)(DE) DeMorgan
E DE X = (A + B + C)(D + E) POS

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Combinational Logic Analysis
• Basic Logic Circuits
– AND-OR-Invert Logic
• If AND-OR logic produces an SOPexpression. Its invert,
i.e. the AND-OR-Invert logic can produce aPOS
expression.

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 8

 Summary
NOR Logic
Alternatively, DeMorgan’s theorem can be written as A
+ B = AB. By using equivalent symbols, it is simpler to
read the logic of POS forms. For example,
A
B X = (A + B)(A + C)
A
C Negative-AND = OR

Again, the logic is easy to read if you cancel the two

connected bubbles on a line.

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Implementing Combinational Logic
• Minimize this combinational logic circuit, using K-Map

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 10

Implementing Combinational Logic
• Minimize this combinational logic circuit, using K-Map

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 11

Implementing Combinational Logic
• For every Boolean expression there is a logic circuit,
and for every logic circuit there is a Boolean
expression.
– From a Truth Table to a Logic Circuit

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 12

Implementing Combinational Logic
• Combinational Logic Using Universal Gates
– Implementing by NAND and NORLogics

AND-ORLogic NANDLogic

Expression simplification using

BOOLEANrules and K-MAP
methods

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 13

 COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN PROBLEM
A chemical plant needs a microprocessor-driven alarm system
to warn of critical conditions in one of its chemical tanks. The
tank has four HIGH/LOW (1/0) switches that monitor
temperature (T), pressure (P), fluid level (L), and weight (W).
Design a system that will notify the microprocessor to activate
an alarm when any of the following conditions arise:
High fluid level with high temperature and high pressure.
Low fluid level with high temperature and high weight.
Low fluid level with low temperature and high pressure.
Low fluid level with low weight and high temperature.

• Make Truth Table for the output.

• Using K-Maps to Find Simplified SOP / POS
• Implement the Circuit.
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN PROBLEM
L P T W Alarm
1. High fluid level with high
0 0 0 0 0
temperature and high pressure.
0 0 0 1 0
2. Low fluid level with high
0 0 1 0 1
temperature and high weight.
0 0 1 1 1
3. Low fluid level with low
0 1 0 0 1
temperature and high pressure.
0 1 0 1 1
4. Low fluid level with low weight
0 1 1 0 1
and high temperature.
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
• Using K-Maps to Find 1 0 0 1 0
Simplified SOP / POS 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT DESIGN PROBLEM
Using K-Maps to Find Simplified SOP / POS
L P T W Alarm
0 0 0 0 0 Also Implement the Circuit.
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
 LED (Light Emitting Diode

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Seven Segment LED

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Seven Segment LED

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver
The a-g
Another useful decoder is the 74LS47. This is a BCD-to- outputs
seven segment display with active LOW outputs. are
VCC designed
(16) for much
BCD/7-
seg BI/RBO (4) higher
BI/RBO
(7) a
(13) current
1 (12)
(1)
2
b
(11)
than most
BCD c Output
inputs
(2)
4 (10) s to
devices
(6) d
8
e
(9) seven (hence the
(3) (15) segme
LT
(5)
LT f
(14) nt word
RBI RBI g device
driver in
(8)
74LS4 the
7
GND name).

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Seven Segment LED

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Summar
y

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver Summar
y

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver

Here the 7447A is an connected to an LED seven segment

display. Notice the current limiting resistors, required to
prevent overdriving the LED display.
+5.0 V
1.0 kW
+5.0 V
74LS47 16
R's = MAN72
BCD/7-seg
3 VCC 330 W 3, 9, 14
LT a 13 1 a
4
BI/RBO b 12 13 b
5 RBI 11 10
c c
6 A 10 8
d d
2 B e 9 7 e
BCD
input 1 C f 15 2 f
g 14 11 g
7
D
GND
8

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 BCD Decoder/Driver

The 74LS47 features leading zero suppression, which

blanks unnecessary leading zeros but keeps significant
zeros as illustrated here. The BI/RBO output is connected
to the RBI input of the next decoder.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1

74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO

Blanked Blanked Depending on the display type, current

limiting resistors may be required.

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
 Summar
y
BCD Decoder/Driver
Trailing zero suppression blanks unnecessary trailing
zeros to the right of the decimal point as illustrated here.
The RBI input is connected to the BI/RBO output of the
following decoder.
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1

74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO

1 0 0

Decimal Blanked Blanked

point

Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Implementing Combinational Logic
• Pulse Waveform Operation
– Circuit Output?

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 30

Implementing Combinational Logic
• Pulse Waveform Operation
– Circuit Output?

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 31

Implementing Combinational Logic
• Pulse Waveform Operation
– Circuit Output?

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 32

 Functions of Chapter - 6

Combinational Logic
• The three basic logic functions AND, OR, and NOT
can be combined to form various other types of
more complex logic functions, such as:
– comparison,
– arithmetic,
– code conversion,
– encoding/decoding,
– data selection,
– counting, and
– storage

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 33

 Functions of
Combinational Logic
• Applications of Combinational Logic

DLDby Dr. Muhammad TahaJilani 34