NAME: ARUN SEBASTIAN

INSTITUDE: SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF COMMERCE

COURSE CODE/TITLE: MIET 2098/MECHANICS OF MACHINES 1

COURSE TUTOR: DR. CHANDRA. P

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION PAGE 3

ANALYSIS

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION PAGE 4-10

WORKING MODEL SIMULATION PAGE 11-15

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS PAGE 16

CONCLUSION

SUMMARY PAGE 17

Page 1 of 18
INTRODUCTION

The nature of this assignment is to use the Working Model Simulation software to solve a
simple Pulley/Rope Mechanism problem and learning to solve the problem analytically.
The software acts also as an assessment tool by providing model answers of the given
problem to be compared with analytical solutions.

Force acting on one end of the pulley system affects the displacement and velocity of a
moving block on the other end of the system. In relation to the system, four different
conditions are given and the relative forces, velocity and displacements are to be solved.

Equations that can be used when the acceleration is a constant

v  u  at
1 2
s  ut  at
2
v 2  u 2  2as
v u 2
 2as 

where v is the initial velocity in meters per second (m/s), u is the final velocity in
meters per second (m/s), a is the acceleration in meters per second square (m/ s 2 ) and
t is time in seconds (s).

Page 2 of 18
FREE BODY DIAGRAM FOR PART A

FBD for Cord Length;

DATUM

Sb Sc
Sa

B
F
Sb  S c

E
A

Three-reference lines parallel to the datum and along the mass center of each
pulley are taken. Therefore the cord running throughout he respective pulleys are
stated as shown S a , S b and S c . The cord running through pulley C to E is taken
to be Sa  Sc .

Page 3 of 18
Derivation of Velocity Relation;

 For Cord 1 -
Sb  2 Sc  L1 ………………….(1)

 For Cord 2 -
Sa   Sa  S c   L 2
………………….(2)
2 Sa  Sc  L 2

Differentiating the above equation to get the velocity we get

For equation (1)

Vb  2Vc  0

For equation (2)

2Va  Vc  0

Re-writing equation (2) we get 2Va  Vc

Substituting this value in equation (1) we get

Vb  2( 2Va )  0
ie;Vb  4Va  0

Vb  4Va
Va  Vb / 4

Given

Vb  5m / s
Va  5 / 4
 1.25m / s

*Kinematical relationship is Va  Vb / 4

Page 4 of 18
 PART B

FBD for Tension throughout the Pulley System;

T T T 2T

2T C

4T Fig 2
A

DRAWING THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM AT POINT A

Page 5 of 18
 4T

200kg X 9.81=1962N

Fy = 4T – Ma X g = Ma X a
4T – 200 X 9.81 = 200 X a………….(1)

For constant acceleration

V0  0
V  10m / s
S  5m

V2 = U2 + 2 aS
102 = 02 + 2X5
10a = 100 a = 10m/s2

Substituting this value in Equation (1)

4T – 200 X 9.81 = 200 X a

4T – 200 X 9.81 = 200 X 10

T = (2000+1962)/4
T = 990.5N

PART C
For Part C we are using the work energy principle

Page 6 of 18
 F=950N

For Block A A
T1 + U1-2 = T2 …………………………………(1) Ma X g = 200 X 9.81
T1 = 0 (Initial velocity for Block A is zero, ½ Ma X V02 = 0)

Given

V2 = 3m/s
F = 990.5N

Calculating T2 = ½ MXV22
T2 = ½ X 200 X (3m/s)2
T2 = 900 Joules

U1-2=Force X Displacement
Net work done = Work done at B + Work done at A
Net work done = Ub – Ua (Because Block A is moving Up)
Using the Kinematical relation ship we get
Ub – Ua = 950 X 4Sb – 200 X 9.81 X Sb

Substituting the values in Equation (1) we get

0 + 3800S – 1962S = 900

S = 900/1838 = 0.4896m
Rounding off S = .5m
And when Va = 3m/s then Vb = 12 m/s (From Kinematical relation that we calculated in
part A)

PART D

F = 90Kg
F = 90X9.81 Page 7 of 18
 2T
B

4T
F = 200Kg A
F = 200X9.81
Using the impulse momentum principle

mV1 + t1 Fdt = mV2

Calculating for Block A we get Here we use the kinematic relation
Initial velocity = 0 that we got from Part A

200 X 0 + 04 4T - 200X9.81 dt = 200 X (- Vb / 4) ……………..(1)

Calculating for Block B we get

Initial velocity = 0

90 X 0 + 04 T - 90 X 9.81 dt = 90 X Vb …………………………………(2)

Rewriting Equation (1) and Equation (2) and integrating

We get

16T – 7848 = -50 Vb

4T – 3531.6 = 90 Vb

16T + 50 Vb = 7848 …………………(3)

4T - 90 Vb = 3531.6 ………………….(4)

Multiplying Equation (4) with 4 we get

16T + 50 Vb = 7848 ………………….(5)

16T - 360 Vb = 14126.4 ……………...(6)

Equation (5) - Equation (6)

We get
0+410 Vb = 6278.4

Vb = 6278.4 / 410 = 15.3131 m/s

Since Va = Vb/4

 Va = 15.3131 / 4 = 3.8283m/s

Page 8 of 18
To calculate the Displacement for block B we need to calculate the constant
acceleration for A

A = (Vfinal - Vinitial) / t
A = (15.3131- 0) / t
A = 3.828 m/s2

Using equations of motion for constant acceleration

1 2
s  ut  at
2
We get displacement for block B as

Sb = 0 X t + ½ 3.828 X 42
Sb = 30.624m

To calculate the Displacement for block A we need to calculate the constant

acceleration for B

A = (Vfinal - Vinitial) / t
A = (3.8283- 0) / t
A = 0.957075 m/s2

Using equations of motion for constant acceleration

1 2
s  ut  at
2
We get displacement for block B as

Sa = 0 X t + ½ 0.957075 X 42
Sa= 7.6566m

Page 9 of 18
INTRODUCTION FOR WORKING MODEL 2005

Working Model is a conceptual design tool that allows you to create simulations that
replace vague, time consuming, “back of the envelope” calculations. Working Model
includes automatic collision detection and responses for NURBS geometry. Working
model includes Flexbeam, Shear and Bending Moment, and Pin Friction.

SIMULATION FOR PART A

Here you can see that when the velocity of Block B is 5m/s the velocity of Block B is
1.250m/s

Page 10 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART B

Here you can see that The initial position for Block A is zero and the force acting at block
B is 990.5N and the initial velocity along the Y axis is 0

Page 11 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART B

Here you can see that The Displacement for Block A is 5m and the Final velocity along
the Y axis is ~10m/s

Page 12 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART C
Here you can see that The Initial position for Block A is 0m and the Force acting on point
B is 950N

Page 13 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART C

Here you can see that The Displacement for Block A is .554m and the Final velocity of
Block A along the Y axis is ~12m/s where as the velocity of Block B is ~3m/s

Page 14 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART D

Here you can see that The Initial position for Block A is 0m and the initial velocity of
Block B and Block A along the Y axis is 0m/s where as the displacement of Block B is
3m in the +ve X and +ve Y Axis and the mass of block B 90 Kg

Page 15 of 18
SIMULATION FOR PART D

Here you can see that The Final Velocity for Block A is 3.579m/s and the Final velocity
of Block B is 14.316m/s and displacement of Block B along the Y axis is 28.632m where
as the Displacement of block A is 7.158m and the mass of block B 90 Kg

Page 16 of 18
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The Working Model Simulation proves that the analytical methods are correct. A
percentage error could be calculated with the results obtained between the two different
analyses by obtaining the percentage of mean values of each task

 analytical  simulation  100

e.g. %
analytical

Method Analytical Working Model Error Percentage

(1.250-1.250)/1.250 =
Part A Va = 1.250 m/s Va = 1.250 m/s
0%
(990.5-990.5)/990.5
Part B Force = 990.5 N Force = 990.5 N
= 0%
Displacement = . (.5-.554) / .5
Part C Displacement = .5m
Results 5m = 10%
Va=3.8283m/s Va=3.579m/s
6.5%
Vb = 15.3131 m/s Vb = 14.316 m/s
6.5%
Part D Sa =7.6566m Sb =28.632m
6.5%
Sb = 30.624m Sa = 7.6566m
0%

DISCUSSION
The comparison above shows that the percentage errors, in only one case are usually
approximated to be within 10% which is negligible when you are calculating for real time
pourposes as many cases would have a high safety factor when designed the percentage is
negligible when using these simulations for design purposes.

Page 17 of 18
CONCLUSION

The assignment has proven that the analytical method is much more accurate approach to
solve the given problem. The Working Model Simulation software enables the user only
to have an approximate gauge of the factors of velocity, displacement and force acting
throughout the mechanism.

Also the assignment, has educated the use of the Equations of Motion formulas that can
be used to solve for a system with constant acceleration. The task given clearly allows the
use of other various equations such as Force and Acceleration, Work and Energy
Principle (equation 1.4) and Impulse and Momentum Principle
Basic Pulley-Rope Mechanism problems could be solved using the analytical method
and approximately verified with Working Model Simulation software. The answers could
be compared to give a better perspective of the state of the system at different conditions.

The software working model is relatively easier to use compare to AutoCAD and other
design software’s. This software is very easy to learn and easy to visualize and the ease
with which a pulley system can be designed is fascinating. I’m much exited about this
working model and would definitely this working model would be a real help in my
working career.

Page 18 of 18