DASHEN BEER SHARE COMPAMY

Result 17.5/20

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT TITTLE: ORGANIC FERTLIZER

GROUP MEMBERS

NAME ID NO
1. Tadele Zeleke…………………………………………1047/06
2. Yalemwork Tenaw…………………………………….1159/06
3. Helen chanie …………………………………………..1171/06
4. Tibebu Tilahun…………………………………………745/06
5. Yabisra tilahun………………………………………….0601782
6. Samirawit abesha………………………………………...0601409
7. Aberham nigussie……………………………………….

SUBMITED TO: Anteneh

 SUBMITION DATE:

I. Cover page 1
II. Abstract 3
III. Acknowledgement 4
IV. Chapter one 5
1.0 Introduction 5
1.1 Objective 7
1.1.1 General objective 7
1.1.2 Specific objective 7
1.2 Statement of problems 8
1.3 Literature review 9
1.4 Methodology 10
1.4.1Materials 10
1.4.2 Procedure 10
1.5 Scope of organic fertilizer 12
1.6 Compost analysis 12
1.7 Conclusion 13
1.8 Recommendation 14
1.9 Reference 15
ABSTRACT

Agricultural Utilization of Brewers’ Spent Grains & Waste Water Sludge: Effects on
Fertility of Soils and Productivity of Crops. However organic matter suitable for
composting is often limited in availability. Testing additional agro industrial wastes
for their suitability in composting could benefit the industry. In this project, composts
produced from brewers’ spent grains and waste water sludge compared for their
effects on yield of crop production with the increasing popularity of microbreweries, a
useful resource is now available to enterprising brewery spent grains. As part of the
process, brewers steep a mixture of grains in hot water to extract the carbohydrates
that will be fermented into beer. After the wort the liquid that contains the
carbohydrates has been drawn off, the remaining spent grain is now a waste product
to the brewer. This spent grain is a great source of nitrogen and organic matter for the
compost pile.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thanks Mr Anteneh for assisting us both technically and morally for
giving valuable suggestions, and constantly encouraging us throughout this project
work. And also we have to express our deep sense of the inter ship programs.
We are thankful to our entire department faculty and our parents for their kind co-
operation and help, extended throughout the progress of this work.
Finally we want to say thanks all members for Dashen brewery share company
worker and for our inter ship friends.
 CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
One major challenge for productive organic farming is maintaining soil productivity
without the use of synthetic fertilizers. Traditionally, soil fertility & crop production
on organic farms has been maintained by composting horse, cow, chicken and pig
manures mixed with crop production waste. However, for many localities, these
materials are not produced in adequate abundance to support the increasing acreage
under organic cultivation. This project is intended to provide information concerning
the promotion of long-term soil health and aims to address some of the problems with
current agricultural practices. Organic matter is the primary source of nutrition for soil
microorganisms of organic matter into the soil results in increased soil carbon. Thus
long term soil health and production can be addressed and measured in terms of soil
carbon. Current agricultural practices often bypass the process of organic matter
inputs and provide synthetic nutrients that are immediately available to plants. The
use of synthetic plant nutrients develops dependencies on petroleum-based fertilizers
and these practices increase soil productivity for future generations by relying on
nonrenewable resources. A more sustainable agricultural practice promotes soil
productivity by following techniques that preserve soil health for future generations
through incorporating organic matter. Compost has been used in agriculture for
thousands of years and today is still the Backbone for plant nutrient management on
many certified organic farms. An agricultural system that incorporates sufficient
amounts of organic matter into the soil via compost application can rely on
microorganisms to process organic materials resulting in sustained nutrient
availability and increased soil fertility over time and thereby creates a system that
reduces dependency on nonrenewable resources. Although plants are capable of
processing organic materials through the release of their own enzymes the assistance
of microorganisms allows the plant to allocate energy expensive resources. In addition
this processing of nutrients from organic matter by microorganisms is done more
quickly than what most crops are capable of doing themselves. This release of
nutrients overtime can, and often does, include a wide variety of micronutrients and
macronutrients. Incorporation of organic matter into the soil also improves the cation
exchange capacity (CEC) of soils resulting in increases of electrical conductivity. In
addition to these chemical benefits compost can often lead to physical improvements
of soil both short and long term. By providing sufficient quantities of composted
organic matter to the soil bulk density can be reduced resulting in improvements in
water permeability, aeration, and root growth resistance. These physical
improvements reduce the like hood of erosion and provide resistance to future
compaction. Additions of compost also increase the soils ability to hold water thus
improving the water holding capacity (WHC) of soils resulting in more availability of
water for plant roots.
 1.1 OBJECTIVE
1.1.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
 To produce organic fertilizer from spent grain and industries
wastes.
1.1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE:

 To increase soil fertility

 To preserve environmental condition
 To increase agricultural production rate
 To plot the utilization of bio degradable resources for
incoming generation and government towards its drive to
organic fertilizer.
 To make dashen brewery land escape with different plants.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Brewers’ spent grain or “BSG” is the leftover portion of grains that were used in the
brewing and malting process of beer production and accounts for ~85% of the total
by-product waste of the brewing industry. Currently, the majority of brewers’ spent
grain is used as animal feed. Brewers’ spent grain as a potential soil amendment for
crop production and focus is mainly limited to: animal nutrition and human nutrition.
In addition to this in debre berhan dashen brew Share Company the over and under
fill of beer is not recycled. In order to this fact, to use for organic fertilizer production
as anaerobic digestion agent and also we use sludge from the waste water treatment
plant, but before use the sludge must be separated the metallic plate by increasing
temperature and citric acid concentration.
 1.3 Literature review
Brewers spent grains high moisture and protein content. If intending to find
alternative uses of this by-product, appropriate storage methods and techniques will
be mandatory. Methods considered include freeze-drying, oven drying, and freezing.
On the contrary, if an agricultural use is desired for the grains consumption qualities
are not of concern and microbial activity is encouraged. Alternatively, brewers’ spent
grain could be applied directly to cropland soils. One crop production system that has
been evaluated using brewers’ spent grain directly. Spent grain was collected from
spent grain silo. The samples were dried and analyzed for long-term nutrient
contribution to the compost storage. Although beer brewing is an art, the production
process is quite consistent when producing the same type of beer. To determine how
uniform the spent grain was between batches, a sample from the morning batch was
analyzed along with a sample of the afternoon batch of the same procedure. The
analysis of both batches was very similar, indicating that the brewery’s extraction
process is fairly uniform and that the analysis of one batch should be fairly indicative
of the results of that procedure. The nutrient analysis between the samples from the
dashen brewers was also quite similar, indicating only minor differences in the spent
grain.

1.4 Methodology
1.4.1 Materials
 Sludge from waste water treatment
 Water
 Compost bed/tank
 Over fill and under fill beer
 PH meter
 Plastic
1.4.2 Procedure
1. Site selection
 Select suitable site that shaded and will drained
 Accessible to water supply
 Accessible to source of compost material
2. Prepare organic fertilizer bed
 The bed should be at any convent length and width
 No flooring and provide shade for protection from rain and
direct sun light
3. Gathering and preparation of composting material
 Gather brewery spent grain, sludge from waste water treatment,
over fill and under fill beer
 Place the compost in material into the prepared bed or storage
 Saturate the marital with water
 Cover the bed or storage with plastic sheet to start
anaerobically decomposition
4. Stock the compost
 When the spent grain start to decompose about 1-2 week
 Introduce the compost on different location by turning them in
to
the substrate

5. Care of compost storage

  Maintain approximately 60% of the substrate by sparkling
water
 Continue filling the other segment of bed with substrate so that
it will undergo partial decomposition while waiting the first
segment to be harvested
6. Harvesting the organic fertilizer
 During harvesting separate the compost from the compost bed
by hand picking
 Place the separated compost and the course material to other
bed with ready substrate
 Store in a dry and shaded place
 Finally packed the compost to distribute for need area or
sections
Note: the extraction of heavy metal from the sludge before composting is there for a
necessary step to achieve a more sustainable sludge treatment. Extraction of heavy
metals from the sludge before composting is therefore a necessary step to achieve a
more sustainable sludge treatment. Extraction of heavy metal by inorganic acid and
complex agent because the extraction can be performed at acid condition and they are
biologically degradable. The extraction was studied for heavy metals Cu and Zn and
for competing metals Ca and Fe. The rate of extraction increases for increasing
temperature and citric acid concentration.
1.5 Scope of organic fertilizer
 Develop entrepreneurial capability of student to manage an
enterprise and gain consider income in the company.
 Helps promote the utilization of waste and byproduct in to human
consumption
 Helps promote in the implementation of organic agriculture and in
effect and reduce the utilization of inorganic fertilizer.
1.6 Compost Analysis
If composters want to analyze the spent grain that they have access to, they should
have the lab analyze the material using animal feed analysis techniques rather than
using soil analysis techniques. Soil analysis techniques underestimate the nutrients
that will be available over the long term. During mature composted material was
analyzed for bulk density, pH, and water holding capacity, electrical conductivity
(EC), N, P, K and Mg. Compost bulk density samples were collected from each
compost type. Homogenized compost with deionized water was prepared for
measurement of soil pH using a pH meter and electrical conductivity (EC) was
estimated using a total dissolved solids (TDS) meter. Seven days after the compost
treatments was analyzed for bulk density, pH, and water holding capacity, electrical
conductivity, P, K, Mg and total N. All soils were sampled and tested using the same
method.
1.7 Conclusion
We have conclude in this project the spent grain consist as a valuable by product,
which can be turned account not only for animal feed stuffs but also fertilizer. Farm
utility of compost made out of brewers spent grain and industrial waste. These
represent locally available organic materials that may provide aforestation, and
sustainable long term benefits to farm productivity, especially with respect to
increased soil organic matter.
1.8 Recommendation
As a chemical and food engineering students, we are recommended that based on the
above analysis and conclusion a further study where raw, un composted, brewers’
grain is evaluated for its potential benefits on crop production. In addition to measure
changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil that result from the
addition of untreated brewers’ spent grains, sludge from waste water treatment plant
and over and under fill of the beer course of several months. Of particular interest
would be an evaluation of changes in soil organic matter. Future analysis would also
benefit from having plant tissue testing to gauge if the nutrients being added to the
soil are reflected in the nutrients being utilized by the plant.
1.9 REFERENCE
1. Organic fertilizer text book.
2. The operator of the brew departments of the factory.
3. Organic fertilizer production feasibility study.