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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Ever since mankind first began building structures out of wood rather than stone,

fire has been a part of the learning process. In fact, so common have these infernos been

throughout history that nearly every major city in the world has been largely burnt to the

ground at one time or another in its history. Some, in fact, have burned repeatedly. For

example, Constantinople was burned no fewer than five times between 406 and 1204 only

to be, like a damaged anthill, rebuilt each time, thereby setting the stage for the next great

inferno. Many times these fires are man-made results of war, but most of the time nature

combined with poor construction techniques, the extensive use of flammable building

materials, and the utter lack of any ability to fight really large blazes were the culprit

(David, 2011).

Fire protection is one of the primary community services provided by most local

governments. In larger cities, fire protection is provided by a full-time, professional fire

department. One of the basic activities carried out by these departments is fire prevention.

The prevention of fires can result from many factors other than fire department efforts.

However, as being used here, fire prevention is the set of activities performed by fire

department personnel for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of fires and reducing

the potential seriousness of fires. Typical fire prevention activities include building

inspections and education of public and private groups. These activities are usually the

responsibility of a separate division within the department, such as a "Fire Prevention

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Bureau." Many cities maintain fairly large fire prevention groups or bureaus. While

some of these groups are organized and operate differently, most conduct the basic fire

prevention activities of building inspections and prevention education for the public. In

doing so, they are faced with similar decisions in planning and carrying out these

operations. Such problems include how often to conduct building inspections, which

buildings to assign to each available inspector, and how to allocate man-hours between

inspection activities and public education activities. These and other similar decisions

constitute important and challenging problems. Yet practically no research on their

analysis has been reported.

Many countries around the world are experiencing fire incidents. On May 25 1961,

which happened to be Hari Raya Haji, the biggest outbreak of fire in Singapore occurred in

the squatter settlement in the Bukit Ho Swee area. A combination of factors such as strong

winds, oil and petrol from the nearby go downs transformed the fire that had started at 3:30

pm in Kampong Tiong Bauru into a raging inferno. The conflagration peaked 8:00 pm with

22 fire engines deployed to the scene. The fire was finally contained near a razed Delta

Circus. Although the casualty count amounted to four, the destruction caused was massive.

An area of about 100 acres (about 0.4 sq. km) consisting of school, a coffee mill, two oil

mills, two junk shops, two tire shops, three timber yards and three workshops were

destroyed in the disaster. A total number of 2,833 families comprising 15,694 people were

left homeless.

Another fire incident happened in Toronto, Ontario Canada, On June 24, 1980 a

fire occurred shortly after 3:45 a.m., destroying an 88-year-old house used as the
 3

headquarters of the Communist Party of Canada in Toronto on Cecil St. The Ontario Fire

Marshal thought the fire was deliberately set. Two men were overheard talking behind the

building, and shortly after they ran away, a witness heard a sound resembling a firecracker.

The roof subsequently caught fire, and spread of the roof of a neighboring house. No

injuries occurred as a result of the fire, however damages were estimated at $500,000. No

one claimed responsibility.

In the history of the 3 worst fire incidents in the Philippines, 1 out of the 3 fire

disasters happened in the month of March. March is fire prevention month where the

government is taking initiatives to inform the public of the real dangers from possible fire

incidents looming every summer seasons. With information dissemination campaigns,

public fire drills and talks, raising public awareness on the issue of fire prevention is a good

way to keep everyone vigilant.

For these year, the Bureau of Fire Protection of BFP started promoting fire safety

among school children and is now conducting house-to-house campaign to teach

household members hot to use a fire extinguisher and shares safety tips information. The

Fire Prevention Month is yearly activity observed for over 5 decades now under the

Presidential Proclamation 115-A which was declared by President Marcos.

The number of fires last 2015 reached a record high of 17,138 fire incidents in the

Philippines. With about 16.7% of these fire incidents took placed in the month of March

according to Bureau of Fire Protection. As of the moment, there were already 2,571 fire

incidents in the Philippines just for the month of February with over 600 fires in the

National Capital Region. Mean while during New Year’s Eve celebration, more than 1,000
 4

homes blazed into flames. On January 1, 2016 some 3,000 families were displaced by fire

incidents in Metro Manila alone with firecrackers as the major culprit. Recalling the major

fire incidents in the Philippines, the fire tragedies mentioned below were the worst in the

history of fires in the country.

In Tarlac City, the Camp Servillano Aquino of the Armed Forces of the Philippines’

Northern Luzon Command some part was exploded, then massive fire hit the barracks of

soldiers belonging to the Army Support Command in Tarlac on Tuesday of February 7,

2017. At around 13:30 pm according to Nolcom Spokesman the fire out was declared

before midnight. There was no immediate estimate of damage. The Provincial Disaster

Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC), the Bureau of Fire Protection

(BFP), and Chinese Volunteer Fire Brigade of Tarlac City assisted in putting out the fire.

The Bureau of Fire Protection (Filipino: Kawanihan ng Pagtatanggol sa Sunog) is

an agency of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) responsible for

implementing national policies related to firefighting and fire prevention as well as

implementation of the Philippine Fire Code (Presidential Decree No.1185) which has been

repealed and replaced by the New Fire Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No.9514).

Republic Act (RA) 6975 otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local

Government (DILG) Act of 1990, an act where the bureau of Fire Protection is thereby

created in 1991 initially consisting of the existing under Presidential Decree (PD) No. 765.

Every August of in a year from then onward, Bureau of Fire Protection celebrates its

anniversary standing as an independent agency from the PC/INP.

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The Republic Act (RA) 9514 also known as the Fire Code of the Philippines of

2008 or an act establishing a Comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines, repealing

Presidential Decree No. 1185 and for other purposes. Memorandum Circular No. 2011-05

intensifying fire safety enforcement in the Bureau of Fire Protection and institutionalizing

standard processes in the conduct of inspection and defining account abilities of concerned

BFP personnel in the inspection and issuance of fire safety inspection certificate.

Memorandum Circular No. SOP-2012-001, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in the

preparation and issuance of inspection order, after inspection report and level of authority

of city/municipal fire station, provincial/district offices and regional headquarters in the

conduct of fire safety inspection.

Statement of the Problem

This study determined and analyzed the Fire Prevention Program and Action Plan of the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

- Specifically it sought to answer the following:

1. What is the level of implementation ofFire Prevention Program of the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

2. What is the level of effectiveness of Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

3. What are the problems encountered by the BFP in Conducting Fire Prevention

Program in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

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4. What action plan can be proposed to the problems encountered in the

implementation of Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)

in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Significant of the Study

The findings of this study will benefit the following:

Department of Interior and Local Government.The findings of the study will give

them valid and reliable information as to the need of the BFP San Sebastian, Tarlac in

terms of facilities and equipment for an efficient and effective service on fire awareness,

prevention, and suppression.

BFP Firefighters.The findings of the study will help them assess the effectiveness and

efficiency of their service in terms of fire prevention.

Criminology Professor/Instructor. this study will help them on their future discussion

about related to this topic. It can also use as a reference on creating awareness on the part of

its student about fire prevention.

Criminology Students. the findings of the study will help them in their future research

which is related to this topic. It will also help them to become knowledgeable about fire

prevention if they become BFP officers someday.

Researchers.this study will serve as a basis or reference for future studies regarding the

firefighting facilities and equipment in relation to the performance of firefighter.

Community.the result of this study will create awareness on the part of the people in

relation to fire prevention and suppression.

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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally to understand the

main focus of the study.

Awareness. The knowledge and understanding of the BFP Personnel and Community
the program that something is happening or exists.

Barangay Ugnayan Program. Refers to the activity by the BFP to discuss the safety

reminders and preventive measures to avoid fire occurrence at home.

BFP Firefighters. A person who fight these fires and prevents distraction of life, property

and the environment.

Bureau of Fire Protection. Refers to the Government agency responsible for

implementing national policies related to Firefighting and fire prevention.

Community. Refers to the people who live in selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac

who are the respondents of this study.

Fire. Refers to a chemical reaction which takes place that causes fire outbreak that destroys

life and property.

Firefighting. Refers to the act of extinguishing destructive fires.

Fire Prevention. Measures and practices directed toward the prevention and
suppression of destructive fires.

Strength. The quality to resist being moved or broken by a force.

Weaknesses. A quality or feature that prevents someone or something from being effective
or useful.
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Thee review of related literature and studies about the Bureau of Fire Protection,

the different of fire prevention programs of the BFP Tarlac City in Selected Barangays,

Tarlac City, Tarlac which provided relevant information and reference for the discussion

and consideration of the findings and the study.

Related Literature

Foreign

According to Brent Hagel (2006), in his study he intended to determine the impact of a

community based fire prevention intervention directed only to parents on the fire safety

knowledge and behavior in elementary school children. This was a prospective,

quasi-randomized controlled study in which third and fourth grade students from two

elementary schools in an urban, poor, minority community completed knowledge/behavior

surveys at baseline and following completion of the intervention. The intervention group

received an in-home visit from fire department personnel who installed free lithium smoke

detectors and provided a fire escape plan. After accounting for a small difference in

baseline summary scores of knowledge and behavior between the control and intervention

groups, this study found a modest improvement in fire safety behavior among children

whose families received a fire prevention intervention reflecting a change in household fire

safety practices. However, there was no significant change in fire safety knowledge.

Achieving an acceptable level of fire safety in university students' hostels is of utmost

importance. Fire resulting from students' hostels can cause devastating effects if
 9

appropriate fire safety management measures are not put in place. This study presents the

results of a questionnaire survey which sought to assess the perceptions of students on fire

safety awareness and management in multi-storey hostels around the Kwame Nkrumah

University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus. Data obtained from the study

was analyzed by mean score rankings and percentages. The findings of the study, showed

that majority of the respondents do not attach seriousness to the issue of fire safety in the

various hostels surveyed, as such, fire safety awareness and management is low among

most of the hostel occupants. The results further showed that 'storage of flammable

materials in safe areas', 'provision of clear signage indicating exit routes and location of fire

safety equipment', regular inspection and maintenance of electrical installations', 'regular

inspection and maintenance of fire safety equipment', and 'accessibility to fire hydrants' are

key practices which if implemented by management could control the outbreak of fire in

the hostels. Although this study focuses on multi-storey students' hostels around KNUST

campus, the findings should be relevant to other hostels located within and around the

campuses of other universities in Ghana.

Fire normally takes place without any warning. When this happens, building

occupantsare restricted in the amount of time they have to either extinguish the fire or to

escape(Salleh and Ahmad, 2009). According to Spadaccini (1998), when fire is not

effectivelycontrolled people may suffer injuries and at times death. There is also

destruction ofproperties, temporary or permanent closure of buildings, among other

things. As aresult of this, it is always advisable that proper fire safety management

measures are putin place to control the situation.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the state of fire prevention research, provide an

updated synthesis of evaluated fire prevention programs, and discuss the role of fire
fighters and data systems in prevention efforts. The review included all evaluations of U.S.
based fire prevention interventions published between January 1998 and September 2004

and any earlier articles about U.S. fire prevention interventions not included in two prior
review articles. We retrieved information from each identified study including evaluation
findings, involvement of fire service personnel and use of existing data systems. We
identified twelve articles: seven reported on smoke alarm interventions, three on

multi-faceted programs, and two other programs. Five programs involved fire service
personnel in the design, implementation, and/or evaluation, and three used existing data
systems. Studies reviewed suggest that canvassing and smoke alarm installations are the

most effective means of distributing alarms and increasing the functional status of
distributed alarms. The functionality of smoke alarms, an issue noted in earlier reviews,
remains a problem. Programs involving partnerships with fire departments have indicated

success in preventing fires and deaths, improving smoke alarm ownership and functional
status, and improving children fire safety knowledge. Using existing data systems to target
and to evaluate interventions was effective. In the years since prior reviews, some

improvements in the rigor of evaluation designs have been made, but there is still a need
for high quality evaluations that will inform fire injury prevention efforts. U.S. Fire
fighters(2006).

Local

The bureau of fire protection was created by virtue of R.A. 6975 this bureau is

under the Department of Interior and Local Government. It adheres to the principles of

promoting fire safety, prevention, suppression and the investigation of fire occurrence,
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insuring provision of emergency, medical and rescue services and enhancing the active

participation of the general public.

According to the manual of the BFP fires 2001, the BFP shall develop efficient and

responsive firefighters. Withoutmost responsibility, integrity, competence, loyalty and

honesty, respect to human rights and concern to the protection of lives, property,

environment and national heritage.

Fire accidents always happen with a cause. The common cause of fire is

carelessness, discarded cigarette, careless disposition of combustible materials, poorly

managed or defective heating facilities, spontaneous combustion arising from the storage

of articles in poorly ventilated places, explosion from petroleum products, sunrays focus

on glasses which may serve as a convex lens and lightings spark, overheating and electrical

defects. (Fire Technique and Arson Investigation)

Rule 9 of P.D. 1185 provides the general guidelines for the organization, equipage,

operation and proficiency training of company and community fire brigades.

Aside from the BFP firefighters, there are private companies and individuals who

voluntarily organize to assist the department in firefighting prevention and suppression. It

is based in the companies in the localities for immediate action whenever there are

outbreaks of fire. With this, fire is suppressed immediately if the outbreak is on small scale,

but if the outbreak is large then the BFP is always ready to perform their duties. Fire

brigades are also equipped with firefighting equipment and fire brigade volunteers who

have undergone rigid training in firefighting.

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Related Studies

Foreign

The study of Miller (1973), the effectiveness of the activities undertaken at a

particular fire depends on four basic factors: the equipment used, the number of men used

(and their level of proficiency), the time the activity is begun, and the extent of other

activities also being performed.

Markham (1999) who conducted a study entitled “Fire Prevention in America at the

dawn of the New Millennium “American fire death statistic are among the highest in the

industrial world, and this is unacceptable. The problem is that the fire service’s historical

emphasis on suppression alone has proven to be inadequate, and a higher priority should be

put on the fire prevention and public education programs. The purpose was to evaluate the

priority of fire prevention and public education programs in the overall hierarchy of

priorities of the American fire service.

Armstrong (2004), in the thesis entitled “Leadership Development for the Fire

Service”, the study focused on the issue of leadership development within the fire service

and to identify strategies to better prepare individuals for when they assumed leadership

roles. The study results indicate that firefighters will embrace new strategies so that they

may become proficient leaders. It also indicates that there is a need for more

comprehensive leadership development and also willingness of those within the fire to

undertake the necessary education to fulfill this need.

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Santoyo (2015) in his thesis entitled “Fire Prevention in Los Angeles Country:” A

Survey of the Method and strategies used in the Wild Land-Urban Interface”, the study

provides a larger image of what is happening regarding fire prevention methods and

strategies along the Los Angeles Country WUI, specifically areas bordering the Angeles

National Forest. The study was to find out what methods and/or strategies are already in

place, how they can help in identifying opportunities for future fire prevention methods

and strategies, while also addressing fire issues specific to Los Angeles Country (LA

Country) as well as provide future research opportunities for other fire prone areas. A

comprehensive survey of the fire prevention methods and strategies currently in place must

be conducted in order to identify areas for improvement

Local

The study of Canas, et al.,(2016), entitled “Firefighting Capability of Libmanan Fire

Station”, revealed that the firefighting facilities of the fire station was moderately adequate

and some did not conform to be standard set by the National Fire Protection Association.

Another finding in the study was on the leadership of the municipal Fire Marshal, where

community cooperation and manpower was moderately capable.

Dolot (2007), in his study entitilled “Fire Suppression Capability and Performance of

the Bureau of Fire Protection in Legaspi City”. Time is a consideration in response and

recommends installation of at least five (5) water hydrants within Legaspi city to minimize

the time for water refilling during fire incident and, review of the MOA should be done by

the support groups and the BFP in order to iron out lapses and encourage further
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contributions to a better fire protection services in the City of Legaspi and that the BFP

should focus on improving it present capability.

Gandia (2008), in his thesis entitled “Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP) in Urdaneta City”, he evaluated the Fire Prevention Program

particularly the enforcement phase of the BFP in the City of Urdaneta during the period of

2006 to 2007, as to whether it was fully implemented or not. It is also determined the extent

of compliance by the business/building owners/occupants to the standard of the Fire Code

of the Philippines assessed by the BFP Personnel of the Urdaneta City and level of

effectiveness in the implementation of the Fire Prevention Program as perceived by the

BFP Personnel and resident of the City. The study shows that on the conduct of fire safety

inspection as a requirement to the grant of permits/licenses, for the occupancy of the

building and installation of Fire Protection and fire safety equipment, the personnel and

residents have the same descriptive rating of the “high.” Perception with regards to the

level of effectiveness of the Fire Prevention Program on fire safety requirements to

business, structures and their premises or facilities BFP Personnel rate it high compared to

the residents with moderate. Extent of Compliance to the Fire Code of the Philippines, the

BFP Personnel assessed the compliance standards as high.

Cervantes and Soriano (2011), in the study entitled “Performance of the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP): Contributions to Fire Management”, fires are one of the few

calamities of which people can prevent. Besides the effort of the Bureau of Fire Protection

and the passing of the Revise Fire Code or RA 9514 in 2008, fires are still one of the

leading man-made disasters in the Philippines. In 2011, there had already been several fires
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like the incident on February 7 which left 3000 families homeless. Other than that, most

establishments, most notably in Baguio, are fire safety violators (Dar, 2011). These

incidents bring into question the effectiveness of the action and programs of the BFP in

terms of their response to fire emergencies. The study assessed the effectiveness of the

BFP’s response method, campaigns and projects, and came up with proposals that would

increase the effectiveness of fire management in the country.

Velasco (2013), in his study entitled “Epidemiological Assessment of Fires in the

Philippines, 2010-2012”. He stated that fires are the most costly preventable emergency in

the Philippines but are relatively unstudied. Fires were a greater problem from 2010 to

2012 and affected the same geographic locations. A total of 883 fires and 824 fire-related

casualties were reported, majority of which occurred throughout November to March, were

more frequent from midnight to 3 a.m., and most often involved residential areas. No

improvement in the fire situation was noted for 2010 to 2012. Thus, there is a need to

review present local and national efforts at fire prevention and control. Further research

and analysis of causes and determinants of fire would provide more useful information for

fire prevention policy and planning in the Philippines.

From the gathered previous study and literature both foreign and local, it can be

observed that if the community is equipped with the knowledge regarding fire safety

programs, they can achieve a free-fire community. In the study of Canas, et al., (2016)

revealed that the firefighting facilities of the fire station was moderately adequate and some

did not conform to be standard set by the National Fire Protection entitled “firefighting

capability”. The study of Cervantes and Soriano (2011), in the study entitled “Performance

of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP): Contributions to Fire Management”, fires are one
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of the few calamities of which people can prevent. Besides the effort of the Bureau of Fire

Protection. And the passing of the Revise Fire Code or RA 9514 in 2008, fires are still one

of the leading man-made disasters in the Philippines. Every citizen should know that fire

safety eliminates, eradicate and remove all probable fire hazards in our homes and work

places. Ardales (2004) said that the implementation of programs should be intensified in

order to create greater impact to the community. Advocacy should be also be made in all

sectors of the Barangay to participate in the implementation of the programs. She added

that, more strategies should be employed, and that weakness of the strategies should be

addressed while the strengths should be sustained. (Bitonio, 2013)

Conceptual Framework

The study evaluated the Fire Prevention Programs of the BFP in Selected Barangays in

Tarlac City, Tarlac. The Study will determine the level of effectiveness, the extent of

implementation and degree of the seriousness of programs that needed to be evaluated for

further study. A purposed action plan is to addressed the problems encountered by the

respondents in the Fire Prevention Programs of the BFP in selected Barangay in Tarlac

City, Tarlac. The findings of the study serve as the basis for identifying the inputs, process,

and outputs for the enhancement of the research.


INPUT
1. Level of
implementation on Fire
Prevention Program of
the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) in
Selected Barangays in
Tarlac City, Tarlac.
2. Level of effectiveness
on Fire Prevention
Program of the Bureau of
Fire Protection (BFP) in
Selected Barangays in
Tarlac City, Tarlac.
3. Problem encountered
by BFP onFire
Prevention Program in
Selected Barangays in
Tarlac City, Tarlac.
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
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PROCESS OUTPUT
Determine and analyze Action plan that can be
proposed to the address
the level of
problems encountered
effectiveness, extent of in the Fire Prevention
implementation and Program of the Bueau
of Fire Protection
problems encountered
(BFP) in Selected
in the Fire Prevention Barangays in Tarlac
Program of the Bureau City, Tarlac.
of Fire Protection in What action plan can be
Selected Barangays in proposed to the
problems encountered
Tarlac City, Tarlac.
in the implementation
Through survey of Fire Prevention
questionnaire and Program of the Bureau
Interview. of Fire Protection in
Selected Barangays in
Tarlac City, Tarlac.
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Chapter 3

METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter presented the research design, methods of gathering data, data gathering

instruments, respondents of the study, locale of the study and statistical treatment.

Research Design

The researchers used the descriptive method of research to determine and analyze the

Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in

Tarlac City, Tarlac. The researchers gathered information through the use of a survey

questionnaire in a form of a checklist as an instrument. Through this method, the

researchers were able to present and interpret relevant data needed in the study. It involves

descriptions of the analysis and interpretation of the data that had been gathered.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in selected barangays in Tarlac City,Tarlac which is San

Nicolas, San Sebastian, and San Vicente.

Research Respondents

There were two groups of respondents in this study, namely: Personnel of Tarlac

City Fire Station; and the individual of the community in Selected Barangays in Tarlac

City, Tarlac. There were Fourteen (14) Bureau of Fire Protection Officer and Three

Hundred Ninety (390) Volunteers of the Community as served as respondents.

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Population and Respondents of the Study

The respondent of this study were 14 from the BFP Personnel and 390 coming from

the Community in Selected Barangays of Tarlac City, Tarlac for the total of 404.

GROUP NUMBER PERCENTAGE

BFP Personnel 14 4%

Community 390 96%

Total 404 100%

To get the numbers of respondents, the researchers used the Slovin’s Formula.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data gathering instrument that was used the researchers is a questionnaire made up

of series of written questions proposed by the researchers, which calculated to solicit

answers which would give the information needed.

The questionnaire was validated by the experts who have enough knowledge regarding

the study.

Before the instrument was floated, there was an ordered briefing and clear explanation

regarding the main purpose of the said questionnaire.

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VALIDITY

The proposed guide questionnaire was validated by two (2) BFP Personnel

Personnel for its clarity, objectivity and usability. The result of validation questionnaire is

4.38 which can be interpreted as highly valid.

The mean values of ratings of the Validators were computed and interpreted based on

the given standards and criteria following a Likert scale which was utilized to interpret the

results for degree of validity:

Point Value Mean Range

Descriptive Equivalent
5 Highly Valid
4.20
4 Valid
1.00
3 Not Valid
2.60
2
1.80 Fairly Valid
1 Moderately Valid
3.40

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher was asked permission to the BFP officers about their duties and

responsibilities in conducting information dissemination on fire safety. Likewise,

researchers requested permission to gather initial data by asking their opinions on the

information campaigns conducted by the BFP officers concerning fire safety at the

Barangay.
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The data was collected and tabulated based on the simple frequency count. The

researchers personally distribute the questionnaires.

Through this method, the researcher was able to present and interpret relevant data that

will need in this study.

Statistical Treatment

The researchers used the descriptive method in gathering relevant data and

information to answer the specific problems. The data gathered on subject to appropriate

statistical treatment. The data was in tables that further underwent analytic interpretation

and better understanding. The gathered information was tally and tabulate.

Weighted mean was used to determine the level of effectiveness, implementation

and degree of seriousness on problems encountered in the Fire Prevention of the Bureau of

Fire Protection in Selected Barangays inTarlac City, Tarlac.

Respondents was computed using the formula:

n
N=
1 + n(0.005)2
Where:

N= weighted mean

f = frequency associated to x

x = item value

n = number of respondents

= sum of answers
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Categories of Data. The data where gathered using survey questionnaires in order to

get inputs from the BFP Personnel and the members of the Community. The 4 point Likert

Scale rating and the range of values are represented below.

Evaluation Scale

A. In this study the scale of the level of effectiveness onFire Prevention Program of the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Weight Scale Verbal Description Mean

4 3.25 - 4.0 V.E- Very Effective

3 2.50 - 3.24 S.E – Slightly Effective

2 1.75 - 2.49 E - Effective

1 1.00 - 1.74 N.E- Not Effective

B. Level of implementation on Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of Fire Protection

(BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Weight Scale Verbal Description Mean

4 3.25 - 4.0 V.I - Very Implemented

3 2.50 - 3.24 S.I - Slightly Implemented

2 1.75 - 2.49 I - Implemented

1 1.00 - 1.74 N.I- Not Implemented

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C. What are the problems encountered by the BFP onFire Prevention Programin Selected

Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented, analyzed and interpret the data obtained from the respondents

as reflected in the questionnaire. It also discussed the findings in relation to the formulated

problems in the study. The data gathered from the respondents were statistically treated to

come out with frequencies and weighted mean. These data analyzed by the researcher to

gather information needed. The data was presented in the table forms followed by their

textual interpretations are the results of the questionnaire administered to the BFP

Personnel and Community in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac

1. Level of effectiveness of the fire prevention programs of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

The level of effectiveness was described according to the answers in the given

programs, whether they are Very Effective, Slightly Effective, Effective, Not Effective.

Table 1 presents the effectiveness of the respondents on fire prevention program of

the Bureau of Fire Protection according to the BFP Personnel and Community..

As shown in Table 1, the computed grand mean of the level of effectiveness on the

fire prevention program of the Bureau of Fire Protection according to the BFP personnel

and Community is 3.69. The said programs are the most important and complete programs

of the activities by the Bureau since the community were kept informed by the fire

prevention programs of the bureau and also educated the community on what to do in case

of fire and other related emergency.

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Table 1. Level of effectiveness on the fire prevention programs of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac according to the BFP

Personnel and Community.

Indicators BFP (n= 14) Community (n= 390) WM DER

1. To intensity fire prevention education

program to gain support from the general 3.36 3.9 3.63 VE
public and to promote fire safety
consciousness through continuous
“Ugnayan sa Barangay’.

2. To conduct rigid fire safety inspection

to structures, buildings and the like to 3.71 3.63 3.67 VE
reduce fire incidents/occurrences.

3. To conduct in-service training for fire

3.62 3.74 VE
personnel to enhance management on fire 3.86
service and effective fire prevention
operation.

3.79 3.53 3.66 VE

4. To recommend Hands-on fire
extinguisher training simulator.

5. To conduct fire safety drills to 3.79 3.63 3.71 VE

minimize if not eliminate casualties,
injuries to the public and fire-fighters.

6. To extend medical assistance to 3.79 3.63 3.71 VE

victims on fires, accident, calamities and
other emergency situation.

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 3.72 3.66 3.69 VE

Legend: VE= Very Effective SE= Slightly Effective
 26

As shown in the Table 1, the BFP personnel and Community indicated that they are

very effective of the fire prevention programs in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

The objectives such as Conduct in-service Training for Fire Personnel to enhance

management on Fire Service and Effective Fire Prevention Operationgot the highest grand

mean of 3.74 with a verbal description of very effective according to the BFP Personnel

and Community. Meaning these programs creates the highest level of effectiveness in the

community for it provides operation for them, it could help them on how to deal and

prevent fire emergencies in their establishments in case it occurs. Meanwhile the

recommend “Ugnayan sa Barangay’got the lowest mean of 3.63 according to the BFP

Personnel and Community with a verbal description of very effective. The computed grand

mean of the level of effectiveness of the respondents on the Fire Prevention Program of the

Bureau of Fire Protection according to the BFP Personnel and Community is 3.69 with a

verbal description of very effective. These means that according to the observance of the

BFP Personnel and community. They are very effective on the Fire Prevention Programs of

the Bureauof Fire protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

2. Level of implementation of the Fire Prevention Programs of the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Level of implementation on the Fire Prevention Programs of the Bureau of Fire

Protection in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac was described according to their

answer in the given programs, whether it is Very Implemented, Slightly Implemented,

Implemented or Not Implemented.

 27

Table 2 presents the level of implementation on Fire Prevention of the Bureau of Fire

Protection in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac according to the BFP Personnel

and Community.

Table 2. Level of implementation on the Fire Prevention Programs of the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac according to the

BFP Personnel and Community.

Indicators BFP Community WM DER

n=14 n=390

1. Posting of Tarpaulins in all Fire Stations, 3.79 3.62 3.71 VI

Barangay Hall and Schools.
2. Creation/Organization of Kiddie Junior Fire
Marshals. 3.79 3.9 3.85 VI

3. Conduct House to House Safety Information 3.71 3.44 3.58 VI

Campaign.

4. Conduct Visitation and Ugnayan sa 3.64 3.55 3.60 VI

Barangay.
5. Conduct Training and Accreditation of Fire 3.64 3.56 3.60 VI
Safety Practitioner.
6. Conducting Periodic Fire Safety Inspection 3.79 3.52 3.61 VI
of Buildings and Establishments.
7. .Fire Drills and Seminars. 3.93 3.57 3.75 VI

8. Reviewing of Building Plans for Adequacy 3.93 3.62 3.78 VI

of Fire Safety Installation.

9. Conducting emergency medical and special 3.93 3.61 3.77 VI

rescue service.
10. Conducting fire investigation and 3.93 3.61 3.77 VI
intelligence.

OVERALL WEIGHTED MEAN 3.81 3.52 3.67 VI

Legend: NI= Not Implemented I= implemented
 28

As shown in the Table 2, the BFP personnel indicated that almost all of the Fire

Prevention Programs stated above are very implemented with the computed grand mean

of 3.67. This only mean that the BFP personnel is actively implementing this programs in

the Community. The Creation/Organization of Kiddie Junior Fire Marshals, get the highest

grand mean of 3.85. Meanwhile‘Conduct House to House Safety Information

Campaign’got the lowest mean of 3.58 according to the BFP Personnel and Community

with a verbal description of very effective.

Conduct House to House Safety Information Campaign 3.58, Conduct Visitation

and Ugnayan sa Barangay 3.60, Conduct Training and Accreditation of Fire Safety

Practitioner 3.60 this are the three (3) lowest implementation interview we gathered for our

study according to the BFP Personnel and the Community. Meanwhile Conducting

emergency medical and special rescue service 3.77, Reviewing of Building Plans for

Adequacy of Fire Safety Installation 3.78, Creation/Organization of Kiddie Junior Fire

Marshals 3.85 this are the three (3) got the highest implementation interview we gathered

for our study according to the BFP Personnel and the Community.

The grand mean for the extent of implementation of fire prevention programs

according to the BFP Personnel andCommunity is 3.67 with a verbal description of very

implemented. This means that according to the observance of the BFP Personnel and

Community, the Fire Prevention Programs in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac are

very implemented.
 29

3. Degree of seriousness on problems encountered by the Bureau of Fire

Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

The degree of seriousness was described write or enumerate problems you

encountered in the implementation of different Fire Prevention Program in Selected

Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

Problems 5 4 3 2 1

1. Lack of Funds and logistical support.

2. Lack of participants during Fire Drill.

3. Lack of Fire fighting Equipment.

4. Narrowed Road.

5. Uncooperative coming from the Barangays.

These are the 5 major serious problems encountered by the BFP Personnel and
the Community.
Implication of the Study on Fire Technology and Arson Investigation for

FirePrevention Programs of the Bureau of Fire Protection in Selected Barangays in

Tarlac City, Tarlac

In the implementation of the fire prevention programs, the BFP officers encountered

some problems. The researcher had proposed solutions to address the BFP problems with

proposed strategies and activities in this study.

3. What action plan can be proposed to the problem encountered in the

implementation and effectiveness of Fire Prevention Program of the Bureau of

Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

 30

Action Plan

Area of Concern Strategies Activities Means of

Verification
Lack of Funds and Additional financial Coordinate to the DILG and  Request Letter
logistical support. outsourcing. City Government for the needs
Financial
of BFP Personnel Tarlac as the
financial support. Support

Lack of Encourage the Encourage the community  Invitation Letter

participants during community always always join and attend the Fire  Certificates
 Program
Fire Drill. join and attend the Drill, coordinate to the City
Recommendatio
Fire Drill. Government of Tarlac to n
recommend maintain the Fire
Drill Program in every year.
Lack of Fire Purchase of Coordinate to the DILG and  Request for Fire
fighting firefighting City Government to provide or
Fighting
Equipment. equipment. purchase an additional
equipment and look for Equipment
possible donors who could
donate the needed equipment.
Narrowed Road. Road Widening. Coordinate to the City of  Request for
Government of Tarlac to
Reconstruction
recommend to the Department
of Public Works and Highways  Photos
(DPWH) to make widening all
narrowed road in Tarlac City,
Tarlac.
Uncooperative Encourage the Building/business owners to be  Programs of
coming from the Community. more cooperative on fire
Training &
Barangay. prevention programs,
coordinate and lobby to the Seminars
DILG and City Government to
invite the community,
building/business owners to
attend lectures and seminars of
the BFP to encourage them for
more cooperate on the fire
prevention programs.
 31

Implications of the Study to Criminal Justice Education

The evaluation of fire prevention programs of the Bureau of Fire Protection in

Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac have implications related to Criminal Justice

System. It serves as an eye opener particularly on the part of the community on the existing

fire operation activities. BFP personnel proved that some enhancement must be made to

continuously improve their performance to attain high and efficient service.

The support of the community was seen in the study. It implies that the Fire

Officers understand and recognize very well the role of the community in assisting fire

prevention. This is because the community is also benefited when there is less fire that

occurs.

Proper authorities should be given to fire operation to easy access to the BFP by the

stakeholders and for better performance of the activities. Through the presence of Fire

Officers, the severity of fire may be reducing.

This study will also serve as a reference tool or guide in conducting a research in

relation to the fire prevention programs of the BFP. This could help future BFP personnel

in dealing specifically with the problems encountered to be resolved or weak areas

identified to serve as basis to improve and promote progress in the performance of the BFP

particularly in implementing fire prevention programs in Selected Barangay in Tarlac City,

Tarlac and to the personnel capability to perform their respective duties. This study will

also help to provide significant information to the performance of BFP in the future.
 32

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations

derived from the study.

Summary of Findings

The following findings answered the specific questions raised at the beginning of

this research:

1. Level of effectiveness of the respondents on fire prevention programs of the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

The computed mean for the effectiveness on Fire Prevention Programs of the Bureau

of Fire Protection in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac is 3.69 with the Verbal of

Very Effective according to the BFP Personnel and the Community.

2. Level of Implementation of the respondents on fire prevention program of the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

The computed mean for the Level of the Implementation on Fire Prevention Programs

of the Bureau of Fire Protection in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac is 3.67 with

the verbal of Very Implemented.

3. Problems encountered in the implementation of the fire prevention program of the

Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac.

 33

Lack of Funds and logistical support, Lack of participants during Fire Drill, Lack

of Fire fighting Equipment, Narrowed Road, Uncooperative coming from the Barangays

this are problems encountered specifically by the BFP Personnel and Barangay Officials

coming from the Community which are serious.

Conclusions

Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

1.The level of effectiveness of fire prevention programs of Bureau of Fire Protection in

Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac as observed by the BFP Personnel are Very

Effective and also by the Community.

2. The level of implementation of fire prevention programs of Bureau of Fire Protection in

Selected Barangays in Tarlac City, Tarlac as observed by the BFP Personnel are Very

Implemented and also by the Community.

3. The degree of seriousness on the problems encountered in the implementation of fire

prevention programs of Bureau of Fire Protection in Selected Barangays in Tarlac City,

Tarlac are serious according to the BFP Personnel and the Community.

.4. The proposed action plan is made to address the problems encountered in the

implementation of fire prevention programs are practical to apply, to lessen the gravity of

the problems as observed by the respondents.

Recommendation

In the light of the findings of the study and conclusions drawn, the following

recommendations were made:

 34

1. The community should be taught more about the fire prevention programs and for them

to become more aware on knowing the course of action in the event of fire through

information dissemination by the BFP.

2. Conduct training and accreditation of fire safety practitioner to become ready and know

how to prevent fire in case of emergency.

3. The BFP should conduct additional seminars or activities in the barangay regarding the

fire prevention programs that would elevate the awareness of the community.

4. Conduct seminars about the fire codes of the bureau to be understand by the community.

5. The BFP should encourage or inform the community about their benefits and the needs

of every family by undergoing the activities that are implemented.

6. The BFP should present the equipment to the community that are needed in case of

emergency.
 35

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

Park 2006 “Evaluated Community Fire Safety Intervention In the United States: A Review

of Current Literature.

Manwong, R.K. et al, (2012), Compendium on Criminal Justice Education: A Textbook on

Philippine Criminology. Wiseman’s Books Trading Inc. 18 B Congressional Avenue

Maxwell and Westernland Bjurstrom 2007 “An Investigation into the Fire Safety

Management of Historic Buildings.

Manual of the Bureau of Fire Protection Firefighters Institutional Regulations and

Standards, Quezon City, 2001.

Ceballos, Romeo B. Police Science for Fire techniques and Arson Investigation. Pp.6-10.

De Joras, FM. , PD no. 1185 The Fire Code of the Philippines and regulations, safety

Organization of the Phils., Inc., 1978 pp.203-205.

B. Published Thesis

Gandia, E. (2008), “Fire Prevention Programs of Bureau of Fire Programs of Bureau of

Fire Prevention (BFP) in Urdaneta City”. Pangasinan State University, Urdaneta City,

Pangasinan.

Canas, et.al., (2006) “Firefighting Capability of Libmanan Fire Station”, Camarines Sur,

Philippines.

Jo Balucanag Bitonio (Feb 11, 2013) A Masteral Thesis MDM Major in Public

Managment PSU, Urdaneta City.

Philip Steven Gairson, 2013 Bachelor of Science, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati,

Ohio 2009 “Associate of Fire Science”.

 36

Acosta, S. et.al. (2015),” Implementation of Fire Safety Program in the Municipality of

Gerona, Tarlac: An Assessment”.

C. Newspaper

Roces , Alejandro R. , Fire Prevention month, Roses and Thorns, Philippine Star, March 3,

2006

Manila Bulletin, News, March 20, 2006

D. Internet

https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/24273/miller_david_m_197312_phd_

252845.pdf

https://www.untvweb.com/news/bfps-fire-prevention-campaign-effective-in-2017-q1/

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