Architectural Solutions For Child Abuse

KANLUNGAN
A Transformative Blissful Recovery Center for Children through Parental-Cognitive Approach
CHAPTER I
A. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, presents findings from a qualitative research study about the status and the present of situation of child
abuse in the Philippines. It highlights the community awareness, accommodation, and the impact to community of child abuse.
This chapter starts of by presenting the background and the context of the study. This is followed by the statement of the problem
regarding child abuse, indicating the factors on its continuous pressing issue and societal concerns. It then proceeds to explain the
goals and objectives, the scope and limitations, the assumptions of this study, and an overview of the work plan.
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B. BACKGROUND
Child abuse is any form of maltreatment by an adult, which is violent or threatening for the child. This can be physical,
emotional, verbal, or sexual. Physical abuse involves non-accidental harming of a child by, burning, beating, or breaking bones.
Verbal abuse involves harming a child by belittling them or threatening physical or sexual acts. Child sexual abuse is the deliberate
exposure of a minor child to sexual activity that the child cannot comprehend or consent to. Its impact to the community is lower of
education and intelligence, less success on the job, exhibit rising rates of adult criminality, and long lasting mental health problems.
Causes of child abuse can include stress, intellectual disability, lack of parenting skills, lack of support, gambling problems,
mental health problems and more. Although children are not responsible for the harm inflicted upon them, certain individual
characteristics have been found to increase their risk of being maltreated. This includes: poverty and other socioeconomic
disadvantages, such as unemployment; parents' lack of understanding of children's needs and child development; parents' history
of domestic abuse; parental stress and distress, including depression or other mental health conditions; community violence and
more.
All forms of abuse and neglect have a harmful effect on children and young people. Some of the most common effects are,
(for emotional) suffer low self-esteem and feelings of guilt, feelings of hopelessness, and sometimes talking about feeling suicidal;
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(for physical) effects such as bruising, cuts, broken bones, health problems, under-nourishment or even death. Long-term physical
and mental health difficulties including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a consequence.
In many third world countries like Philippines, violence against children continues to be a pressing problem. In the
Philippines, 8 in 10 children and young people have experienced some form of violence in their lifetime that usually begins at
home. This is one of the findings of the Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC) and the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF). Majority were from the economic middle class while 55.6 percent came from rural areas and 44.4 percent from urban
areas. 60.4 percent of physical violence “ironically” happened at home, followed by 14.3 percent in school, 12.5 percent in the
community, 7.1 percent in the workplace and 6.2 percent during dating. It said that physical violence committed at home
constitutes various forms of corporal punishment such as spanking with bare hands, rolled paper or small stick, pulling of hair and
pinching or twisting of ears.
The community specially the parents lack a clearly defined definition of abuse, especially in regards to verbal and
psychological abuse. What happens is that the parents think that this corporal punishment is a way to discipline their children
which is very wrong. What is alarming is that many children think that there is nothing wrong with being subjected to violent
corporal punishment by their parents. They think it is normal if their parents hit them because they are only being disciplined and
being loved. They are becoming used to violence.
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Due to the assaultive nature of the events and social stigma, child abuse produces devastating and long lasting physical
and psychological difficulties in the victims. But there is study about the treatments or solutions to help them recover towards their
condition such as parental approach that helps the children induce feelings of comfort and support; cognitive approach through
leisure and recreational that allow healing and growth. Hence, Parental-Cognitive approach helps to develop mental, physical,
emotional, and spiritual needs of the children for their recovery and transformation.
C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The violence against children nowadays, in Philippines is a widely spread, continuous pressing problem and societal
concerns.
Child abuse or maltreatment is a threat to the safety, security, and development of young people; the community lack of
awareness in defining definition of abuse, especially in regards to verbal and psychological abuse. The impact to community of
child abuse is lower of education and intelligence, less success on the job, exhibit rising rates of adult criminality, and long lasting
mental health problems. The country lacks of accommodation in terms of child protection, security, and community integration for
the recovery of their condition.
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D. GOALS OF THE STUDY
This study aims to develop Parental-Cognitive architecture, while establishing healthy and safe environment in forming of
healing facility wherein recovery, active interaction and social relations between children, parents and community takes place.
OBJECTIVES
1. To raise awareness regarding the cause and effects of maltreatment to the development of the victim through impact
design.
STRATEGIES
1.1. Surveys about the cause and effect of child abuse.
1.2. Conduct interviews and observations.
1.3. Search for the other solutions that may community be aware and affects their perceptions about child abuse.
2. Seek for ways to form a design solution to the negative impact of child abuse and transform it as a unique distinct feature.
STRATEGIES
2.1. Identify all the effects and impact to community regarding child abuse.
2.2. Browse at the internet and other books regarding at the possible design solutions.
2.3. Search for the possible unique distinct features.
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3. To convey proper approach in accommodating the child protection, security and community integration.
STRATEGIES
3.1. Consult to both government and non-government agencies all about child abuse.
3.2. Observe to the existing facility for child.
3.3. Search on the internet, library, and different books and magazines.
3.4. Conduct an environmental behavior study.
E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The study covers on development of parental-cognitive architecture in applying it into a children’s recovery center, and
covers juvenile behavior towards the premises of a children’s transformative and recovery center. Collecting of data on existing
recovery center to cover the wanted and unwanted conditions of this type of institution in the Philippines, and to fully understand
and provide solutions.
For the child abuse victims, it will focus more on identifying the nature of child abuse victims (children behavioral study) in
terms of how they interact in a recovery center, other people, and in a community. For the recovery center, it will focus on the
existing problems and condition in a recovery center, on how it affects the users and the rising rates of child abuse in our country.
Physical and psychological aspect is expected part of the study that is very important, so the researcher may need to take ocular
visit to the children’s recovery center and interacting with the children.
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Seeking possible solutions and picking the best methods will be tackling in the study. In terms of gathering the data, there is
some desired data may not be possibly included especially those data found in the authorities, which have strict rules and
regulations to entertain researchers. It depends to the institution if they decided to give or not to give sensitive data, sources,
important information and private property. Overall, the study shall seek ways to find alternative sources that answers to the
problems and needs of the facility and the users.
F. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The main beneficiaries of this study are the child abuse victims. The study aims to create parental-cognitive architecture and
healing environment that suited for the needs of young people. This study may contribute Child behavioral studies to the
professionals such as psychologist, teachers, lawyers and other social workers.
This study also helps in nurturing architecture through proper approach that suitable for the physical and psychological
condition of child abuse victims; it may be able to enhance the success of their recovery and also integration to the community.
Furthermore, this study will be helpful to serve as a future reference for researchers as a basis in understanding the
behavior of the juvenile in a recovery facility.
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G. ASSUMPTIONS
The institution will be under the guidance of Department of Social Welfare and Development(DSWD); it will be handled by
Council for the Welfare of the Children(CWC) which is a branch of DSWD. Personalities concern with the child abuse cases and
recovery center so that the study will support by the local government in case of approval and provision of necessary documents
for the study. It will also be supported by the Non-Government Organizations(NGO) and the Local Government Units(LGU) giving
utmost attention to this kind of social problem.
In terms of endorsement and funding, the Department of Social Welfare and Development(DSWD) will become the major
target then it may be recognized by international organization such as the United Nation Children’s Fund(UNICEF).
H. DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Child Abuse - is when a parent or adult, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death, emotional harm or
risk of serious harm to a child.
2. Child Behavioral Study – study of the behavior pattern of the children.
3. Children’s Rehabilitation Center (CRC) - is a non- stock, non-profit, non-government institution serving children and
families who are victims of state violence in the Philippines.
4. Cognitive Architecture - is a hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial
systems, and how they work together; in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture.
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5. Community Integration - is designed to help persons to optimize their personal, social, and vocational competency to
live successfully in the community.
6. Corporal Punishment - physical punishment, such as caning or flogging; punishment under law that includes
imprisonment and death.
7. Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC) – is the focal inter-agency body of the Philippine Government for children.
8. Department of Social Welfare and Development(DSWD) - is the executive department of the Philippine Government
responsible for the protection of the social welfare of rights of Filipinos and to promote social development.
9. Emotional Abuse – It can include anything from verbal abuse and constant criticism to more-subtle tactics, such as
intimidation, manipulation, and refusal to ever be pleased.
10. Impact Design - is an offshoot of human centered design, sometimes called design thinking.
11. Juvenile - is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult.
12. Local Government Unit(LGU) - could provide the ideal, authority, infrastructure, policy and planning procedures to
maximizes the benefit for its communities.
13. Maltreatment – to treat someone cruelly or violently.
14. Neglect - to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something.
15. Non-Government Organizations(NGO) - operates independently of any government, typically one whose purpose is to
address a social or political issue.
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16. Physical Abuse - often starts gradually, such as with a push or a slap, and then becomes progressively worse over
time.
17. Recovery Center - sometimes called a rehab, is a live-in health care facility providing therapy for substance abuse,
mental illness, or other behavioral problems.
18. Sexual Abuse - is unwanted sexual activity, with perpetrators using force, making threats or taking advantage of victims
not able to give consent.
19. Social Workers - work carried out by trained personnel with the aim of alleviating the conditions of those in need of help
or welfare.
20. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) – an agency of the United Nations responsible for programs to aid
education and the health of children and mothers in developing countries.
21. Verbal Abuse - is when a person forcefully criticizes, insults, or denounces someone else.
22. Violence - behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.
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I. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Definition of Child Abuse

From Kids Health, Reviewed by: D’Arcy Lyness, PhD
Child abuse happens when a parent or other adult causes serious physical or emotional harm to a child. The most serious
cases of child abuse can end in death. Those who survive may suffer emotional scars that can last long after the physical bruises
have healed. Kids who are abused are more likely to have problems building and maintaining relationships throughout their lives.
They're also more likely to have low self-esteem, depression, thoughts of suicide, and other mental health issues.
 Physical Abuse - When people think of child abuse, their first thought probably is of physical abuse — such as striking,
kicking, or shaking a child.
 Sexual Abuse - happens when a child is raped or forced to commit a sexual act. But it's also any sort of sexual contact
with a child or any behavior that is meant to sexually arouse the abuser.
 Neglect - is any action on the part of a caregiver or adult that causes a child physical or emotional harm. For example,
with holding food, warmth in cold weather, or proper housing is considered neglectful. Basically, anything that interferes
with a child's growth and development constitutes neglect.
 Abandonment is a type of neglect. This is when a child is left alone for extended periods of time or suffers serious harm
because no one was looking after him or her.
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 Emotional abuse or Psychological Abuse - is a pattern of behavior that has negative effects on a child's emotional
development and sense of self-worth. Ignoring a child or withholding love, support, or guidance is considered emotional
abuse. So is threatening, terrorizing, belittling, or constantly criticizing a child.
The Impact of Child Abuse

Berry Street,2019
Physical Impacts
In some cases, the physical impacts of abuse can be minor (bruises) or they can be severe (broken bones, internal
bleeding). As well as causing physical pain and injuries, the lingering emotional impacts of physical abuse also causes damage.
Brain development
Child abuse and neglect can impact on a child’s brain development and their cognitive abilities, particularly in the areas of
self-regulation, speech and language. Research shows that children who have experienced abuse struggle more at school and
have reported difficulty paying attention and delayed speech and language development. As well as impaired cognitive abilities,
child abuse can also create a sustained state of sustained fear and anxiety for the child which cause distress.
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Psychological Impacts
Mental health
Child abuse and neglect can have life-long consequences for a child’s mental health. Problems such as post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety and mood disorders (depression) are all too
common among adolescents who suffered abuse as children; the research shows a strong link between childhood abuse and
depression later in life.
Social difficulties
Children who experience abuse and neglect are more likely to form insecure attachments with people and can impact on a child’s
ability to trust and communicate with others and form healthy relationships throughout their life.
Behavioral Impacts
Child abuse and neglect can lead to behavioral issues in childhood and throughout adolescence. Studies show young people who
have experienced abuse have a tendency towards internalizing behaviors such as being sad and withdrawn or externalizing
behaviors such as being aggressive or hyperactive in childhood. These behaviors are more likely to occur if the abuse is sustained
and occurs at more than one developmental stage.
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While some children experience lifelong consequences of abuse and neglect – others do not. Often, the impacts of child abuse are
made up of a combination of the length and severity of the abuse, the environment of the child and the personal qualities of the
child. Studies show that having at least one loving care-giver and personal qualities such as good humor, a sense of
independence, optimism and self-esteem can reduce the negative impacts of child abuse.
Child Protection in the Philippines (a situational analysis)

By Jay A. Yacat (2011)
A situational analysis by “Save the Children” envisions the world in which every child attains the right to survival, protection,
development and participation. Their mission is to inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to achieve
immediate and lasting change in their lives.
Save the Children defines child protection as measures and structures to prevent and respond to abuse, neglect,
exploitation and violence affecting children in all settings. Such processes are essential to ensuring children’s rights to survival,
development and well-being in all settings at all times. It is when children are not protected that their rights as well as their families
are most threatened. In addition, reaching the most vulnerable and isolated populations helps ensure the health and well-being of
all and is indispensable in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
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Save the Children in the Philippines seeks to prioritize across the following strategy areas: children in residential care,
children in armed conflict and disasters, children in situations of migration (including for trafficking purposes), and children in
exploitative and hazardous work conditions.
This situational analysis was commissioned by the Save the Children Child Protection Initiative (CPI) as a preliminary
exercise to develop evidence-based recommendations to guide Save the Children in the Philippines to develop interventions under
the CPI priority result areas, building on existing programs and technical expertise.
Specifically, this study aimed to a) conduct a rapid assessment of the situation of children in the Philippines in relation to the CPI
priority result areas; b) identify gaps in existing policies, programs and services; and c) provide a set of recommendations for Save
the Children child protection interventions.
The following components have been identified as elements of an effective child protection system:
 Legal and policy framework, including regulations and standards compliant with the United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC), other international standards and good practice.
 Effective regulation and oversight to ensure that standards are upheld at all levels. Some argue that this component
necessitates the existence of a specifi c agency or ombudsperson dedicated to child protection and/or child welfare, with
the mandate, means, authority and responsibility to ensure that the system works effectively.
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 Preventive and responsive services, including both the institutions and structures (formal and informal, government and
nongovernmental) that deliver the services, and the processes through which services are delivered. These include case
management systems, other information systems, and appropriate budgeting and management. In a formalized system,
this will have as a core element, a social work system providing a response to specific child protection issues and cases.
 Effective coordination – particularly on case management – between relevant government and non-governmental actors
and between sectors at different levels.
 Knowledge and data on child protection issues and good practices to inform evidence-based policy development and
advocacy.
 A skilled child protection workforce that can respond and expand to meet the specific protection issues arising in
emergencies. Practitioners with minimum skills in social or community work who can be trained quickly and have a core
understanding of child protection issues. A workforce should also include those with data management skills and policy-
makers able to develop appropriate policy and legislative measures which rapidly respond to the immediate risks that
children face.
 Children’s voices and participation.
 An aware and supportive public.
 Adequate funding for all of the elements listed above, and appropriate budgeting processes that cover both long- and
short-term needs for child protection systems.

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Understanding Children Perception towards Built Environment

From Architecture for Children,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Ismail Said (PhD)
Teaching architectural design studio on the planning and designing spaces for young children is generally based on adult’s
perception that may not relevant to the children’s functioning. Form, shape, color and function are the parameters applied in
designing and articulating the spaces inside and outside the architecture. The design approach is somewhat not consistent with the
literature on children’s functioning in indoor and outdoor spaces, which suggests that the value of a place is determined by its
function rather than form and color. In other words, adults perceive space more on form, function and aesthetic (Matthews, 1992)
whereas children see the space more on its functions rather than aesthetic (Christensen, 2003).
Children physical movement, cognitive scanning and social transaction in a space directly influenced by the spatial and
properties of the environment. These interactions involve complex sensorial and motoric actions. Perceptual responses (sight,
tactile, audio, smell and taste) and mobility in an environment reveal a lot of significant information. In other words, perception is an
active experience, in which a child finds information through mobility (Kytta, 2003).
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Architecture in Shaping Child Psychology

From Scirb, Uploaded by: Chaturmukh (2013)
Dissertation done by: Somreeta Das (2012)
A dissertation on architectural spaces and their impact on development child psychology; how spaces can be modified (with
added emphasis on certain derived parameters) so as to add positive reinforcements to development child psychology.
Analysis of Emotional Parameters to generate Emotional Variables
“Emotions are like the branches of a large oak tree. Though differences exist in their length, girth and bearing; they manifest
their imagibility in innumerable manners and at countless times. Sometimes they may be tangible, sometimes they’re intangible;
but often intangibility could find a way to express in measurable terms too…” Urie Bronfenbrenner. (Transcept from Ecological
Systems Theory)
As per the Theory of Social Development (Erik Erikson)
The emotions in a human being are innumerable, but a few are only recognized in the spectrum, namely – fear, angry,
anxiety, trauma, obstinacy, freedom, aggression, humour, playfulness, curiosity, self – obsession, cognition of place, security,
attachment/ belongingness and social interaction/ mingling.
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The emotional parameters were further narrowed down to those that impart a tangible aspect with context of an open and
informal recreational space. Hence, those derived out of the earlier list of emotional spectrum are as follows:
 Sense of Cognition of a Place.
 Sense of Security.
 Sense of Attachment/ Belongingness.
 Sense of Social Interaction/ Mingling.
Understanding Cognitive Approaches in Early Childhood

Touromcoppola,2010
Cognitive psychology focuses on the way humans process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to
the person (what behaviorists would call stimuli), and how this treatment leads to responses.
Most of the children are described as the pre-operational stage of cognitive development. Letters and numerals typically
mean little to the three- to six-year-olds in this stage. These children use concrete rather than abstract symbols to represent
objects and ideas. Through pretending, children develop the ability mentally to represent the world. Reading requires a child to look
at symbols or representations (i.e., letters and words) and extract meaning from them. A play-based curriculum offers children
opportunities throughout the day to develop the ability to think abstractly by experiencing real objects using their senses Blocks
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can. represent an airplane or a train. High heels can transform a preschooler into a mother or princess. Blocks and high heels are
three dimensional, tangible objects. Sufficient practice using concrete objects as symbols is a necessary prerequisite to the use
and comprehension of print.
Child-oriented Architecture from the Perspective of Environmental Psychology

Maral Anbari , Hossein Soltanzadeh,2015
Features of special spaces for children (tips on children architecture design) Environment designed for children should
include the following spaces:
1. Natural spaces such as trees and water and live creatures which form the most basic and important space for the
children;
2. Open spaces and wide spaces in which children could run freedom and release their internal energy.
3. Road spaces, roads before the presence of cars were children's main playground. They are places in which children meet
each other and a network which connects various spaces together;
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4. Spaces for adventure, these spaces are filled with complexity that strengthen children’s power of imagination due to being
in this environment;
5. Play structure spaces are spaces designed with game structure and children’s games and playing become important in
them. The spaces are known as playground (Mahdizadeh,2006)
Treatment Center; Rehabilitation Program

Addiction,2018
A treatment centers provide individual therapy in a variety of styles including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical
behavioral therapy (DBT) and more traditional group and family therapy. Boutique treatment centers with small client populations
will often customize the therapy to the client, bringing in clinicians with specializations to treat the individual’s issue. Treatment
centers may also offer alternative or complementary therapies as part of their programs, such as equine therapy, art therapy, neuro
feedback, acupuncture and yoga.
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The Effects of Architectural Design of the Space on the Children’s Intelligence and Creativity
Samaneh Safaripoor,2016
 Natural factors of environment: creating a natural landscape of the environment that is affective in the growth of creativity.
 Materials: the use of natural materials and avoiding the use of superficial materials with combinational level of them leads to
the promotion of the creativity (McCoy and Evans, 2002: 420).
 Color: light colors and the use of coordinated colors for creating a light space are effective on the growth of the creativity.
Many researchers believe that the use of desirable colorful and exciting pictures can be the main motivation for all
creativities (Shafaei, 2009: 116).
 Shape and extent of the spaces: the shape and size of the spaces can cause the gathering of people and groups who
gather for social relationships and interactions. The social interaction theory states that the level and type of the collective
communications is positively effective on the process of creativity.
 Aesthetic factors: the available literature shows that the increase of aesthetic elements in the building of the schools will
increase the students’ achievements.
 Decorations: researches show that the complexity of the visual details is effective on the promotion of the creativity.
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Creating Healing Spaces with Facility Design

Lara Macklin (2014)
The right environment can restore the body, mind and spirit of the patients and the people who care for them.
It’s the simple things in life that bring us feelings of comfort and happiness: the sight of the sun rising above the horizon, the
smell of cookies baking in the oven, the sound of rain pattering on the roof. These sensory experiences soothe and calm us—they
heal.
Use light strategically
Psychosomatic research, including data compiled by Daylight and Architecture magazine, shows that light has a direct
impact on healing. For example, access to natural light can speed up a patient’s recovery time, reduce anxiety and tiredness,
improve alertness, and increase patient satisfaction.
Connect with Nature
Outdoor play areas are essential in health care environments for children. When children interact with nature, it can help
with a variety of conditions, including physical and mental illness. To mitigate infection control concerns connected to soil, facility
can install planters without dirt. This allows kids to participate in growing their own plants but reduces exposure to toxins in the dirt
that could compromise their health.
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Find therapy spaces
Having the right space and plenty of it can be key to effective patient therapies. For example, animal therapy is a popular
tool among hospitals. Research compiled by the Early Childhood Education Journal shows that being with a pet can lower blood
pressure, release endorphins and diminish pain. Even the act of petting a dog produces an automatic relaxation response that may
reduce the need for prescribed medication.
It is important to create spaces that are easy to adapt so they can be used for a variety of purposes. A multipurpose room is
a common solution. Another solution would be to allow these activities to take place in multiple areas of the facility, like the corner
of the main lobby, a courtyard or an inpatient floor, which gives more exposure to a variety of people who would benefit. In the
emergency room, designers could create a space for a therapeutic clown to provide a distraction in what can be a scary and
stressful environment
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I. THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Main Problem: The violence against Sub-Problem 1: Child abuse or Sub-Problem 2: The impact to Sub-Problem 3: The country lacks of
children nowadays, in Philippines is a maltreatment is a threat to the safety, community of child abuse is lower of accommodation in terms of child
widely spread and continuous security, and development of young education and intelligence, less success protection, security, and community
pressing problem and societal people; the community lack of awareness on the job, exhibit rising rates of adult integration for the recovery of their
concerns. in defining definition of abuse, especially in criminality, and long lasting mental condition.
regards to verbal and psychological abuse. health problems.
Goal: This study aims to develop

Objective 1: To raise awareness Objective 2: Seek for ways to form Objective 3: To convey proper
Parental-Cognitive architecture, while
regarding the cause and effects of a design solution to the negative approach in accommodating the
establishing healthy and safe
maltreatment to the development of impact of child abuse and transform child protection, security and
environment in forming of healing
the victim through impact design. it as a unique distinct feature. community integration.
facility wherein recovery active
interaction and social relations
between children, parents and
community takes place.
Parental-Cognitive Impact Design
Mental Development Social Development Physical Development Spiritual Development
Kanlungan : A Transformative Blissful Recovery Center for Children through Parental-Cognitive Approach
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J. METHODOLOGY
Key Question 1:
Child abuse or maltreatment is a threat to the safety, security, and development of young people; the community lack of awareness
in defining definition of abuse, especially in regards to verbal and psychological abuse.
STRATEGY TACTICS TARGET TARGET DATA TOOLS TO BE TIME

RESPONDENTS USED FRAME
 The level of 1. Survey

QUALITATIVE Survey  General Public awareness of the questioner 2 days
(ages 16 and community regarding (20 items)
(One on one & above, 100 child abuse.
Online) respondents)
 University  The knowledge of the 2. Pen
students general public towards
 Barangay the different kinds of
Residents child abuse.
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 The status of the 1. Guide

Interview  RJ Ramos & abused children in the questioner 2-3 days
community.
Andrea Cabalhoa 2. Recorder
(child abuse 3. Notebook
victims)  The victim’s 4. Pen

perspective regarding
the perception of the
community towards
 Jinky Joy del them.
Rosario  The effects of abused

to the mental health of
(Head director of the children.
Social work)
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Key Question 2:
The impact to community of child abuse is lower of education and intelligence, less success on the job, exhibit rising rates of adult
criminality, and long lasting mental health problems.
STRATEGY TACTICS TARGET TARGET DATA TOOLS TO BE TIME

RESPONDENTS USED FRAME
1. Survey
QUALITATIVE Interview  Dra. Agnes  The current condition of and 2-3 days
Crisostomo abused children in the interview
(Psychologist) country
questionn
 The effects of child abuse aire
to the victim and the 2. Recorder
community it belong 3. Notebook
4. Pen
 The behavior of the abused 5. Smart
children phone
 Information that leads to
possible solution and
approach to the topic.
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 Statistical data  Statistical data of the bumber 1. Internet

Research of abused children 2. Smart 3 days
phone
 The causes and effect of 3. Computer
child abuse to the 4. Notebook
community. Pen
 EPHESUS  The daily routine of the 1. Letter of

CASE STUDY Environmental Home of Mary & children of EPHESUS. request 3 days
Behavioral Study Joseph Inc. 2. Notebook
 The way the house parents 3. Pen
act towards the children.
4. Camera
 Studying the behaviors of the
children.
 The way the facilities affect

the children.
 The way the children interact

with visitors.
 The activities of the children.
 The Interest of the children.
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Key Question 3:
The country lacks of accommodation in terms of child protection, security, and community integration for the recovery of their
condition.
STRATEGY TACTICS TARGET TARGET DATA TOOLS TO BE USED TIME

RESPONDENTS FRAME
 The opinions of the 1. Survey

QUALITATIVE Survey General Public respondents regarding questioner 2 days
the accommodation of
(One on one & (age 16 and
the child abuse victims.
Online) above, 105 2. Pen
respondents)
 University
students
 Barangay
Residents
 Information that leads
to possible solution and 5. Internet
Research  Intensive research approach to the topic. 6. Smart phone 3 days
regarding the 7. Computer
topic of the proper 8. Notebook
 Intensive research of 9. Pen
approach to be
the approaches to be
used. used.
 The condition of the

target facilities.
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 The respondent views

Interview  Franscen Acuna and opinion regarding 1. Guide questioner 3 days
the needs in
(child abuse victim) accommodation of the 2. Authorized letter
victims.
3. Recorder
 The victims’
suggestions on the 4. Notebook
things that they want
and need. 5. Pen
 The condition of the

victims in the current
facilities they are in.
CASE STUDY
 Environmen  Bahay  The existing condition
Tuluyan of the target facilities as 5. Letter of request 2 days
tal
a guide in dos and 6. Notebook
Behavioral
 Philippine don'ts in designing the 7. Pen
Study proposed project.
Children's 8. Camera
Medical
 Ocular visit Center  Absorbing the
(PCMC) strategies and
techniques that can be
gathered during the
case study.
 Possible design
solution to the negative
impact of child abuse.
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CHAPTER II
A. INTRODUCTION
This chapter of the book all the gathered info regarding the study will be presented. These data were gathered from different
children welfare organizations, foundations, personnel and staffs, different interviewed victims and from the general public. Ocular
visits were conducted in some orphanage of the abused and abandoned children to use in determining the existing problems of the
accommodation of abused children in the country. Hence, determining the possible architectural solutions for the most common
problem based on the case study. These data based on survey and interviews was aimed to figure-out different perspective of
child abuse from the victims themselves, social workers, general public and other concern individuals, these will help to analyze
the current condition of child abuse in the country and the proper accommodation for the victims.
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B. DATA MANAGEMENT
a) PRESENT CONDITION
Eighty percent of Filipino children have experienced at least one form of abuse in their entire lifetimes, according to the first-
ever National Baseline Study on Violence Against Children (NBS-VAC) from the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and
Council for the Welfare of Children (CWC)
Child victims are those who are:
Abused – physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse;
Neglected – abandoned and those deliberately unattended by their parent/s or guardians;
Exploited – commercial sexual exploitation (prostitution and pornography), economic exploitation (child labor), trafficked children
and other exploitative situations.
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Filipino children’s right to protection has been clearly laid out in the 1987 Philippine Constitution and in the Convention on the
Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted by the UN General Assembly on 20 November 1989. The Philippine government ratified the
CRC in July 1990. While in June 17, 1992, a special legislation was created to further protect the Filipino children from all forms of
abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Since then and because of Republic Act 7610, a lot of changes have taken place. The
government and its different branches have issued laws, rules, resolutions, and guidelines championing rights of children.
The Committee for the Special Protection of Children (CSPC), pursuant to its mandate under Executive Order 53 dated 11
August 20111 issues these Protocol for Case Management of Child Victims of Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation for the guidance of
all concerned government agencies, non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. A protocol is a set of standards to
ensure the protection of the rights of child victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
The Protocol highlights the roles and responsibilities of government agencies and their partners, from reporting or referral of a
child abuse case until its termination, ensuring that child victims are dealt with in a most child-sensitive and appropriate manner.
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b) PRIMARY DATA
The primary data is composed of interviews on victims, a social worker and a psychologist. Hence, observation of different
shelter which gives the researchers the idea on what to do, what to put and what to expect in designing a shelter for abused
children.
Interview (Child abuse victim)
Agent: RJ Ramos
The interviewee is a 11 years old boy that is victim of both physical and sexual abuse of their family’s maid. The abused
happened when he was 5-8 years old on the year of 2013-2015. The Victim’s guardian allowed the researchers to take an
interview to their child that was victim of abuse. The interview was in Filipino, but it was transcribed and translated into English.
1. At what age/s were you physically abused?
From 5 to 8 years old. About 3 years. Between the years of 2013-2015.
2. By whom? Please identify the perpetrator/s in relation to you.
By our last nanny (yaya)

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3. Are others in your household abused? If so, who, and how?
The offender committed other crimes against my mother and my sister such as manipulation (fraud) and theft. She
also committed estafa to our neighbors.
4. Please describe in detail the physical and emotional experience of an incident of physical abuse that stands out
to you to this very day. What is the quality of this memory that makes it stand out?
Our yaya would always get angry at me. She would tend to shout at me, pull my ears, spank my bottom, and
pinching me hard. She does those acts especially if I made some mistakes, which was inevitable because I was a growing
child. There were some times that she was starving me and eating the food that was given to me specifically.
She would do those things in public, which is very humiliating indeed. I always cry because of it. She did other
terrible things but I can’t share it because the topic is very sensitive.
5. How did you arrive at the decision to tell or not tell? What was the outcome, and how did this vary from the
outcome you had wished for?
I only spoke about it when our yaya went to Tacloban and never returned.
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6. Who, if anyone, do you feel failed to protect you? What are your feelings about this?
By my sister, she feel bad to have not known it sooner. Because during that time, she was busy with her
academics. That was around junior year of high school to freshman year of college.
7. What did you/do you do in your mind, or in your actions, to survive the abuse?
Our mother never failed to enlighten us to have faith in the Almighty. Her sincerity assured me that no one will ever
to that to me again. Since then, my I was made a priority. They would never let me out of their sight.
At the end of the day, we all believed in karma. We just let it do its will. Today, she might feel like she’s triumphant
but she will soon face the consequences of her actions
8. What has been the impact of the physical abuse on your sense of self and your relationships?
Since then, I’m become busy in my academics. I gained weight, which is a good sign. There were adjustments like
never getting another nanny in the house ever again. We were more independent and really cooperating with each other.
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9. If so, who and why? What are your feelings about this, and how do you process those feelings?
Revenge is often not something you should put in your own hands. Sometimes, you just have to trust the process
and let it do its thing. The sweetest revenge is being able to survive from whatever hurt you no matter how traumatizing it
was.
10. What do you want people to understand about how it feels to be physically abused?
Abuse is never the victim’s fault. It belongs to the offender.
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Agent: Franscen Acuna
The interview was with Ms. Franscen a 21 year old girl a victim of physical and emotional abused. She was 4 years old
when the abuse happened. She accepted our request to interview her in person about the abuse that happened to her 17
years ago. The interview was done in Filipino, but it was translated into English.
1. What kind of abuse?
I experienced rape as a child, a form of physical abuse. Emotional abuse was also part of my journey while I was getting
older.
2. Who did you talk about this?
I sought for professional help, I also talk to my parents, family and friends
3. How did that person find out?
No one forced me to tell the whole story. I just thought it was time for me to force myself from my past
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4. What made you decide to tell?
It was because I realized that by the time I was getting older, it was harder to keep my experience a secret. My
nghtmares were becoming worse not only at night but also when I slept during the day. I wanted to escape from my own
torture.
5. What are the effects of the incident to you?
Up until now, I tend to lose my self when something comes up and triggers my being that brings me towards my past
experience. I’ve been mentally disturbed ever since.
6. How did you report?
Long years already passed but I resisted to just let it out. I had no plans of taking it to court/ legal terms. Also the last time I
checked, he was also suffering from drug abuse.( he’s also lost it, no point of getting of getting back at him after 10 years)
7. What are the effects of it to your personality?
Believe it or not, it gave me a positive and negative approach towards my personality. Positive because I slowly learned to
be fair and look at things not only from my level of perception. Negative because it cost me my sanity.
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8. If you’ll have a choice how would you want to be treated?
The truth of the matter is, professional medication would only give you medicine and talk you through it but all of these are a
temporary escape relief, the real treatment is with your environment and how people let you grow slowly.
9. When you’re undergoing treatment do you find the facility comfortable?
I went to some clinic by ermita, an old building but with a sense of unwelcoming ambiance.
10. When you’re being abused how do you do to calm yourself?
I sleep or tend to stress eat, I do lots of things to keep me diverted from abusing thoughts.
11. For you, what is the ideal place for someone undergoing treatment?
A calming, welcoming and clean clinic like something you’d really go to for help.
12. How long did it took for you to be fine talking about your experience?
Not so long, knowing that there was some sort of acceptance every time I opened up gave me relief. So it was only for a
couple of months after.
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13. What can you say to children experiencing child abuse?
That you don’t have to question everything every time you feel like the world dresses you up to be another nightmare. Its
okay to speak up so that you don’t lose yourself in the process of trying to fix yourself. don’t push people away thinking that
you might hurt them. Be true about what you feel and don’t let them destroy you again. Not everyone will hurt you, and not
just you experienced such things it wont make you full again. Hold on to things that make you happy. Love yourself.
14. What can you say about the current condition of child abuse in the Philippines?
I know for a fact that the government is very much doing its sole responsibility in keeping as much children for abuse is a
concern not only inside our boundaries but also in the international realm.
15. What can you say about the outlook of Filipinos regarding child abuse?
Some are aware but not entirely sensitive about this topic
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Agent: Andrea Cabalhoa
The interviewee was from ephesus orphanage, a 15 years old girl who suffered physical abuse from her step father when she was
only 8 years old, She never met her biological parents. The orphanage allowed us to interview her about what happened to her, the
interview was in filipino, but translated in English.
1. How long have you stayed in Ephesus?
I stayed here for 6 years since when i was 8 years old and the abused started when I was 6 or 7 years old.
2. is this orphanage still look the same since when you came here?
Yes, there is no changes or any renovation happened in this orphanage.
3. Who did abused you?
My step father was the one who abuse me.
4. Do you have relatives that also staying here?
Yes before I was with my step sister that also been sexually abused by my step father, and now she was with her biological
mother.
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5. How did your step father abused you and what type of abuse?
I’ve been physically abused, he easily get mad at me. “tinutusok ako ng karayom” when I did something wrong. The wife of my
step father left him and that was the time when he started to abuse me and my step sister. Every night my step father separates
me and my step sister in the bed, so every night my step father do abuse/ raped my step sister.
6. Who was the first person to know about what happened?
My aunt, at first I was scared to tell to anyone what is happening in our own house because my step father said that he will kill me
and my step sister if I do tell it to anyone, then I decided to tell the whole story to my aunt because the abuse is too much
especially to my step sister.after then my aunt decided to get us to my step father and stay in her house.
7. What happened next when your aunt get you in your step father?
My aunt have connection with the founder of the ephesus orphanage brother mario, she brought me and my step sister in ephesus
8. Is there a clinic and psychologist or psychiatrist here in ephesus?
There is no clinic here the psychiatrist goes/visit here sometimes to talk to us and check our health condition.
9. How many children are staying here with you in the orphanage?
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We are 25 children here in the orphanage, all girls but there are 3 boys here because they are too young and they are with their
oldest sister and Many of the cases here are child abuse.
10. What can you say about the ephesus orphanage?
Here we are disciplined in terms of schedules. I was happy and thankful because I am here in ephesus now, they treat me like a
family and give me a chance to have a better life in the future.
11. If given a chance what do you want to have here in ephesus?
I want to hace a more playing areas here and someday I want to have my own massage therapy in front of this orphanage
because I have skills in massaging.
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Interview (Social Worker)
Agent: Ms. Jinky Joy del Rosario
Location: Malolos city Municipal Hall
Position: Division Head of Social Work
Ms. Jinky Joy del Rosario, a 36 years old, 5 years working in Malolos city hall as Division Head for social work accepted our
interview regarding child abuse victims facilities needs, the interview was in Tagalog transcribed and translated into English.
1. What does CSWD do?
This is a agency that caters all the vulnerable sectors including youth, senior citizen, all of the disadvantages of the
community are catered by CSWDO. We empower the community for them to have a improved quality of life, there is a
different projects and program to improve the quality of life of each vulnerable sector and one of them is the child abuse.
2. What kind of child abuse you often encountered?
Normally when it comes to child it was combination of the physical, emotional and psychological abuse also a sexually
abuse.
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3. How did the child reported in CSWD?
Normally, it was reported from the barangay, that’s why it is good if there is a interagency collaboration from local
government to barangay, even you as a single society member you can collaborate with the local government if you
encountered a child maltreatment. it is the obligation of each individual in a community to take care each child even you didn’t
know those child, it is a obligation of each individual to take care each other. So sometimes other people reported here or in
the barangay if they suspect a possible child abuse in one area, when we receive a information lie that we conduct a home
visit to ensure and validate the certain report.
4. What are the effects of child abuse to a child?
It was a life changing until they grow up, any kind of child abuse causes a trauma. Sometimes we think that why that people
have a miserable life, most probably when he was a child he experienced child abuse but it was not processed well, he didn’t
undergo in counselling and psychological intervention that why the child becomes like that.
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5. How long the child can stay in a institution?
When the child/family is ready base on the assessment or there is a foster care and when there is a family member that has
been assessed and possible to integrate the child with them.
6. What are the institutions for the child abused victims?
We have different institutions, but here in Malolos we don’t have a specific institution for child abuse victims, we drop in
center which is the Bahay Kalinga, a temporary shelter for child abuse victims and the child are not allowed to stay there for
more than a 1 month so we need to find a institution suitable for the child’s need. Because every abused child has a certain
needs. Sexually abused, physical abused and mentally abused has a different needs sometimes it defends in the assessment
then after we will find a institution that will cater their needs. In the institution normally the boys are separated to girls.
7. What are the facilities needed of abused children?
We tried to make the facility home like because even they are in a institution we want them to feel like they are at home
where there is a mother, father, caring and love.
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Interview (Psychologist)
Agent: Dr. Agnes Del Rosario Crisostomo, PhD, RP
Location: Bulacan State University
Position: Psychologist and professor
The researchers is allowed to make an interview to one of the psychology professor at Bulacan State University. She is Dr.
Agnes Del Rosario Crisostomo, Ph.D, RP, She is a child psychologist that helps the children to treat their behavior and
psychological problems. The psychologist helps the researchers to understand a bit more about the needed considerations
and treatment of child abuse victims. The interview was in Tagalog and English, but it was transcribed all into English.
1. What are behaviors of the children after they abused?
First, they withdraw for socialization. They isolate themselves. They have fears because their abusers threaten them not to
report and kill them. The others, they become aggressive, bully and detached form others.
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2. What are the effects of nature or natural environment on the child abuse victims?
The nature has healing and therapeutic effects because the greeneries, the trees, the sound of the animals. Compared to
the cities that is noisy, messed, traffic, pollution that is not contributed to the healing of the child abuse victims.
3. What re the environments that needs to be considered in treating these kinds of victims?
Accepting environment, relaxing, suiting that not confused their minds, colors can affect their psychological behavior (avoid
loud, stimulating colors), relaxing sounds.
4. Are there any other approaches that are more effective in treating the child abuse victims?
Child-friendly environment that there’s no harmful things. Spacious so they can play, they can act as a child, to explore.
Rooms that doesn’t have locked, even the comfort rooms because there’s a tendency that they locked.
5. It is effective to have a house parent in a child abuse victim facility even their own parents abused them?
There’s in psychology called transference, example the clients see the psychologist the person that she/he liked or hated.
Sometimes the client and psychologist having a relationship because the emotion, you always talked, you become closed and
vulnerable with each other. It is important to have play room because it helps the psychologist to assess the problem of the
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victims through in the guise that their playing (ex. Mommy and daddy doll). These are the things that you cannot ask them
directly but in playing, they do not realize that they showed their problems.
6. How aware is the community regarding child abuse?
It’s a sensitive case, specially its domestic case that it’s his/her mother or father, you don not interfere. They know what is
best for their child, it’s their life. We have that mentality. It is need to raise awareness; what you can do to help, when the time
that we need to help. In psychology there’s diffusion of responsibility, even I did not help there is the neighbors.
7. What are the Impact to community of child abuse?
It’s not ideal to have these kids in such a young age they experience abused, because they will lose motivation, self-esteem.
Kids at that age is supposed to be young and free and they just play, enjoy the things. Child abuse gives negatives effects in
personality of the child. The children must be loved and cared. There is a study that the children who exposed in sexual
abuse eventually they will like it. They will become child prostitutes, they think that there’s a money on it. This it here started.
It is not good in the future of the child and of course in the society.
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8. Are there a level of stress of the child abuse victims?
Yes, there have own threshold and level of stress. Like us, you can tolerate that kind of stress but me only this I cried. Like
little things we burn out already but the others can.
9. What can you say or comment about the government’s action regarding child abuse?
There’s child and protection, the DepEd implement this act. Yes, this start with the DepEd . it should aware the teachers if
there’s a symptoms of abuse to their students, so it is need to report. There is also case the teachers abused their students,
the teachers don’t know that it’s abuse.
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c) SECONDARY DATA
Introduction
The secondary data is the data gathered through books and other researches. In this context will discuss the different types
of child abuse, percentages of children being abused in our country and diff laws about the violence against child are presented.
Child abuse in the Philippines
The cases of child abuse is very relevant in the Philippines. According to the survey conducted by the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Philippine government in 2016, 8 out of 10 Filipino children are suffering from different forms of
physical or psychological abuse. UNICEF and the Philippine Council for the Welfare of Children said that their first nationwide
survey of Filipino children and youth, aged 13-24, found one in five respondents had been sexually violated. Also, according to the
survey more than 60 percent of the cases of physical violence happened at home, with slightly more victims among boys (81.5
percent) than girls (78.4 percent).
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Different actions were made by the Philippine government regarding this and one of this is the Committee for the Special
Protection of Children, which was strengthened and reorganized to effectively function as the body principally responsible for
coordinating and monitoring the investigation and prosecution of cases involving violations of R.A. No. 7610 and other child-related
criminal laws. Protocols and programs where published by the CSPC including the Protocol For Case Management Of Child
Victims Of Abuse, Neglect, And Exploitation and the Protecting Filipino Children From Abuse, Exploitation And Violence.
According to the Protocol For Case Management Of Child Victims Of Abuse, Neglect, And Exploitation the CSPC developed a
Flowchart on Management of Child Abuse Cases (Figure I) to illustrate the different stages of a case. Using the algorithm as guide,
the Protocol will show how the different government agencies and their partners can either work independently or in coordination
with each other. The Protocol also provides guidelines to be observed when assisting a victim of child abuse, neglect, or
exploitation.
Case Management Case management is a procedure to plan, seek, and monitor services from different social agencies and
staff on behalf of a client. Usually, one agency takes primary responsibility for the client and assigns a case manager who
coordinates services, advocates for the client, sometimes controls resources and purchases services for the client (Barker 2003).
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The following approaches are hereby adopted in the management of cases of child abuse, neglect, and exploitation:
• Holistic care - to ensure full or optimum development of the child: physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual
development;
• Rights-based and life-cycle approach - to ensure that the rights of the child are upheld throughout the different stages of the
child’s growth and development. Ensure the participation of the child in all processes;
• Family and community-based approaches - recognize that families and communities are the first line of response in dealing with
problems of children thus interventions should strengthen the capabilities of families and communities to care for them;
• Gender-sensitive approach – the ability to recognize that girls and women’s perceptions, experiences and interests may be
different from those of boys and men, arising from an understanding of their different social position and gender roles. The
provision of gendersensitive services to abused children necessarily includes rights-based approach, i.e. responding to victims’
peculiar needs at all times and in all stages, affording them respect, and promoting dignity as their inherent right; and
• Multi-disciplinary approach - recognizes that children, particularly those in need of special protection, need access to an array of
services due to the multi-faceted nature of their needs. Many agencies and professionals need to work together with mutual
responsibilities and joint accountability for managing different aspects of helping a child within the context of the family, community,
and society.
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The management of child abuse cases is multi-sectoral (national and local government agencies, non-government and faith-based
organizations, civic and private sectors) and multi-disciplinary (police, prosecutor, judge, lawyer, social worker, medical doctor,
psychiatrist, psychologist, barangay officials, among others) working together as a team to provide appropriate protection, legal
and social services to the child victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
Due to devolution of social services and accessibility to the community, the local government unit’s social worker (referred to as
local social welfare and development office or LSWDO social worker) is often the case manager. As case manager, the social
worker coordinates the provision of needed services in cooperation with partner agencies.
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Figure I: The Flowchart on the Management of Cases of Child Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
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Who May Report & To Whom May One Report a Case of Child Abuse?
1. Any person may report, either orally or in writing, a case of child abuse, neglect, or exploitation. The report may be made to any
of the following:
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
• Commission on Human Rights,
• Local Social Welfare and Development Office (LSWDO) of the municipality, city, or province,
• Philippine National Police,
• National Bureau of Investigation,
• Other law enforcement agencies,
• Punong barangay or tribal leader,
• Barangay kagawad,
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• Any member of the Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC), or
• Barangay help desk person or violence against women (VAW) help desk officer.
2. The following government workers have the duty to report all incidents of possible child abuse:
• Teachers and administrators in public schools,
• Probation officers,
• Government lawyers,
• Law enforcement officers,
• Barangay officials,
• Corrections officers, and
• Other government officials and employees whose work involves dealing with children.
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3. Any person who, acting in good faith, reports a child abuse case shall be free from any civil or administrative liability. As much
as possible, the persons who report should give their names and contact details for further contacts, if necessary. Their protection
and anonymity shall be assured.
4. Any person who reports must provide basic information on the child victim (name, age, address or whereabouts of child, the
reasons that child may be at risk or in an abusive or exploitative situation) and the alleged perpetrator. However, any relevant
information to suspect that a child is being abused or exploited shall suffice to initiate any action and investigation.
5. The person who reports need not be the complainant but has knowledge of the incident.
6. The child victim may or may not be with the person reporting the incident.
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Healing, Recovery and Reintegration
The child can be further protected and the adverse effects of the abuse may be reduced through programs and services
designed for the child victim’s recovery and reintegration with the family and the community. The social worker, with the help of the
other team members, plays a crucial role in determining other psychosocial interventions geared towards healing, recovery and
reintegration. These psychosocial interventions, however, must be commenced right after the first contact with the child and not
when the child is about to be reintegrated to the community.
The social worker must consider the following:
1. Convene the multidisciplinary team and discuss the case plan based on the comprehensive assessment made with specific
goals and interventions for the protection, recovery and reintegration of the child victim.
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2. Actively involve the participation of the child, the child’s family, and the barangay in the development of the recovery and
reintegration plan. Tap the barangay help desk person as focal person with whom the monitoring of the child and family’s shall be
coordinated with.
3. If the child is in the custody of the family, the social worker shall continue providing the interventions as agreed upon with the
child, family, and the barangay. The parenting capability of parents or guardians must be fully assessed. If found to be lacking or
poor, the parents and guardians must be enrolled in parenting capability enhancement program. Other interventions for the family
such as family case conferencing and therapy shall also be explored and extended, if necessary.
4. If the child is under protective custody, determine the time line and duration of the child’s stay in the temporary shelter or foster
home.
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If the child is under protective custody in a child-caring agency/facility or foster home, identify appropriate interventions to
address the needs of the child victim such as individual and group counseling, therapeutic activities, life skills education, vocational
training, etc.
The interventions must prepare the child for reintegration with the family, if they are found capable to care, nurture and protect
their child. Otherwise, placement in other parental arrangements or adoption shall be explored. The child, who is nearing 18 years
old and who expressed a desire for independent living after discharge from the temporary shelter, shall be given assistance and
sufficient information to help him/her make such transition.
5. The LSWDO/NGO social worker shall assist the child’s family to address their identified problems such inadequate income to
meet basic needs, poor health, out-of-school children, lack of knowledge on proper parenting, and rights of children, etc.
Interventions may be in the form of parent education, self-employment assistance, vocational/skills training, educational assistance
for the children, family counseling/therapy, etc.
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Before any reintegration is done, the case manager must ensure that the parents and other family members are able to provide
a safe, protective and nurturing environment for the child. The case manager shall conduct an evaluation conference with the
multidisciplinary team to assess the readiness of the child and the family for the eventual reintegration.
6. Once the child is discharged from the child-caring agency or foster home, the social worker must facilitate the provision of after-
care services to sustain the gains and achieve healing and recovery process.
If the parents are found to be unfit and incompetent, the child shall be placed under an alternative family care. Arrangements
for the child’s continuing education and medical services, etc. shall be made by the social worker before discharge.
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7. In close coordination with the social worker, the barangay help desk person shall constantly monitor the child’s progress in the
community.
8. If both the child victim and the minor perpetrator live in the same community, the LSWDO social worker shall ensure that there
are two (2) social workers who are separately handling and monitoring each child.
9. The child and the family should be prepared by the social worker before the transfer to address fears, apprehension, doubts,
among others to build and sustain the child’s and family’s trust on the receiving social worker.
Aside for the submission of transfer summary to the new social worker in case of transfer of case, the following should also be
accomplished:
• Submit pertinent reports and records to the agency receiving the case
• Call a case conference for the transfer.
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The conference will be called by either the agency that will transfer the case or the agency that will receive the case. The case
conference shall be convened after the receiving agency received the pertinent reports/records; the social worker that will transfer
the case shall accompany the child to the receiving agency at which the conference may be conducted.
Other reasons for closure can be transfer of residence of the child and family outside the jurisdiction of the social worker. In
such case, arrangement for the transfer of the case to the social worker of the area shall be made by sending a transfer summary
for the guidance of the new social worker.
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According to the Protecting Filipino Children From Abuse, Exploitation And Violence, here are the he situation of children
in need of special protection (CNSP)
1. The country’s economic growth over the past decades has been unbalanced and non-inclusive resulting to growing poverty
and widening inequality (Habito, 2009). The estimated number of poor Filipinos reached 27.6 million in 2006, which is sixteen
percent more than the 23.8 million poor people in 2003 (NSCB Poverty Statistics, 2008). Population growth remains at 2.04
percent annually. The country’s population was estimated at 88.7 million as of 2007 and projected to reach over 100 million in
2010 (NSO Population Statistics).
2. The Philippines has a relatively young population. Close to half are children – 43.3 percent or 38.2 million. A 2009 NSCB study
of poverty and well-being of children in the Philippines estimated that 40.8 percent or 14.9 million Filipino children live in
poverty. The same study reports that poverty is highest among children of fisher-folks, farmers, migrants, informal sector
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workers, and informal settlers, among others. Children living in extreme poverty suffer from hunger, malnutrition, and ill-health
as well as drop out early from school.
3. Over and above poverty, hunger, malnutrition, Over and above poverty, hunger, malnutrition, and disease, growing numbers of
children are vulnerable to and have become victims of various forms of abuse, violence and exploitation and therefore need
special protection. These children are, among others: (a) children without parental care or at risk of losing parental care; (b)
children in situations of exploitation such as child labour, trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, and drug abuse; (c)
children in situations of emergency including children in situations of armed conflict and children victims of natural disasters; (d)
children living and working on the streets; (e) children in conflict with the law; (f) children in situations of abuse and neglect
including physical abuse, sexual abuse, corporal punishment and other forms of cruelty; (g) children belonging to minorities
and indigenous peoples; and (h) marginalized and disadvantaged children such as children with disabilities, unregistered
children, and others who experience other forms of discrimination.
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4. Children without parental care and at risk of losing parental care. Neglected and abandoned children are among those
who are deprived of a caring family environment. These children may be given up for adoption or are placed in residential care
facilities. In 2010, DSWD placed a total of 1,339 children in alternative care such as adoption, foster care and legal
guardianship. Increasing numbers of children of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) are at risk of losing parental care. NGOs like
Scalabrini and Anak Migrante-Pamilya have estimated that roughly 4-6 million children of OFWs are left behind and are
therefore at risk of losing parental care. Children living in extreme forms of poverty, estimated at 14.9 million as of 2009, are
highly vulnerable to family separation, neglect and abandonment.
5. Child labour. A national survey on children conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO) and the International Labour
Organization (ILO) in 2011 estimated that there were 5.5 million working children ages 5-17 years which showed 35% increase
from 4.1 million in 2001. Of the 5.5 million working children, almost 3 million were engaged in hazardous child labour which
showed 25% increase from 2.4 million in 2001. Under the law, child labour is defined as any form of work or economic activity
performed by a child that subjects him or her to exploitation, or is harmful to health and safety, physical and mental or
psychosocial development. ILO further defines child labour as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and
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their dignity. Over sixty percent (62.4%) of working children were found in agriculture and 30% were found in the service
sector. More boys were engaged in agriculture while more girls were involved in services. In terms of geographic location, the
highest number of child labour was found in Central Luzon (10.6%), Bicol Region (10.2%), Western Visayas (8.5%), Northern
Mindanao (8.2%), and Central Visayas (7.3%).
6. Child trafficking. Although the exact numbers of trafficked children are not yet known, an ECPAT study showed that children
who become victims of trafficking are predominantly girls whose ages range from 14 to 17 years old. They are usually lured by
offers of jobs in households, restaurants, factories, and entertainment agencies only to end up as sex slaves. As reported by
ECPAT, “there were cases of children who were trafficked both for sexual purposes and for labour – storekeepers at daytime
and sexual slaves at night time”. Crossborder trafficking is also a growing phenomenon involving children. Many of the children
being recruited from different parts of the Philippines are transported to other countries. Japan, Malaysia, Korea and Saudi
Arabia, among others, have been identified as offshore destinations of child trafficking victims from the Philippines.
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7. Child prostitution. Data on children in prostitution remain inadequate; estimates range from 60,000 to 100,000 nationwide. In
most instances, children are lured into prostitution because of poverty. Various case studies reveal that most of the victims and
survivors of child prostitution are children of blue-collar workers and unemployed parents; although not all poverty-stricken
children end up in prostitution. Unstable family relationships and peer pressure have also pushed children into prostitution.
Mostly females aged 13-18 years old, children in prostitution assume the burden of augmenting the family income. More often
than not, they have also dropped out of school early. They are subjected to various forms of abuse, trapped into drugs and
alcohol, and are highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV/AIDS
8. Child pornography. The extent of child pornography in the Philippines is not exactly known. Data are difficult to gather
considering that child pornography is a clandestine and illegal activity. A 2002 report by Alecks Pabico indicated that child
pornographic websites called Paradise, Lolita, and Lollipop were shut down by Philippine law enforcement agencies because
they featured Asian children, including Filipinos, in nude poses and sexual acts. In 2004, a case of organized child
pornography in the country involved 70 children who had fallen victims to a suspected syndicate of pornographers composed
of a Japanese national and his Filipino cohorts who served as procurers. The children were hired to perform for pornographic
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videos and model for pornographic images. The suspected pornographers were successfully arrested by the NBI following an
entrapment operation set up against them. Sadly, the effects of pornography on children are still not fully recognized. But a UP
study conducted for UNICEF in 2004 reported that the effects of pornography on a child victim are “far-reaching and may
actually last a lifetime because these images are lasting testaments of a child’s exploitation”.
9. Physical and sexual abuse and violence against children. Child physical and sexual abuse, maltreatment and other forms
of violence are on the rise and continue to afflict children at home, in schools, and in communities. Corporal punishment, in the
guise of discipline, remains tolerated and seemingly accepted. Reported cases of child abuse served by the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) reached a total of 7,606 in 2006 and 7,182 in 2007. Many perpetrators of physical
and sexual abuse are often family members, in many cases the father. A 2005 study of the Child Protection Unit (CPU) at the
Philippine General Hospital (PGH) showed that about five (5) to eight (8) percent of total child abuse cases referred to the
hospital was perpetrated by teachers. In the school setting, teachers constitute 50 percent of the perpetrators of child abuse; a
small number of cases involved janitors, bus drivers and other school personnel. Children also suffer in the hands of their
peers as victims of bullying and by being caught in gang wars or conflicts among fraternities both in school and out of school.
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Table 1: A summary of showing the magnitude of Filipino children in need of protection
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Understanding child protection issues
The growing numbers of Filipino children becoming vulnerable to abuse, exploitation and violence can be explained by our
failure to ensure a protective and caring environment for children (PCEC) anchored on the special protection provisions of the CRC
(Articles 19-23 and Articles 32-40). A protective and caring environment addresses the underlying and root causes of abuse,
violence and exploitation and promotes a systems-based approach to child protection versus the issue-based approach (i.e.,
piecemeal and fragmented interventions).
The lack or absence of a protective and caring environment is brought about by serious failures in three levels, namely: (a) at
the level of individuals, (b) at the level of systems, and (c) at the level of the larger society. The interplay of factors at micro, meso
and macro levels must be analyzed to arrive at a deeper understanding of child protection issues. Analysis of the interrelationships
of these factors at various levels will also help determine appropriate strategies and core interventions to address the issues. This
is visualized in Figure 2.
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Figure 2: A diagram showing the lack of a protective and caring environment brought about by failures of individuals, systems, and
the larger society.
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Failures at the level of individuals. Gaps and inadequacies at the level of individuals include the following: (a) children’s
inadequate knowledge and life skills; (b) lack of effective access of children to education, health and other basic social services; (c)
lack of knowledge and skills on effective parenting among parents from disadvantaged families which contribute to their failure to
care for and protect their own children; (d) gaps in capacities of service providers and care givers, including lack of appropriate
child protection tool box; and (e) individual values, beliefs and attitudes that lead or contribute to abuse, violence and exploitation.
But these failures at the level of individuals should not be taken apart from the failures at the level of systems and the larger
society.
Failures at the level of systems. Failures at systems level include: (a) weak and inconsistent enforcement of child protection
laws and national and local levels; (b) the judicial process still remains slow and lacks sensitivity to the psychosocial dynamics of
children; (c) non-functional structures or mechanisms for child protection at various levels, e.g., local councils for the protection of
children particularly the barangay council for the protection of children (BCPC); (d) inadequate services and resources for child
protection due to weak social welfare system particularly at the LGU level; and (e) inadequate child protection database and weak
monitoring system, both at national and local levels.
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Failures at the level of the larger society. The macro-structural and root causes of abuse, violence and exploitation have yet to
be effectively addressed in advocacy and programming for child protection. These macro economic, political and socio-cultural
factors include the following: (a) materialistic and consumerist culture and the situation of socio-economic insecurity have created
conditions that tolerate the use of children in exploitative labour, prostitution, drug pushing and other organized crimes, trafficking,
and pornography, among others; (b) the inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities has pushed children and their
families to situations of poverty, deprivation, marginalization and disadvantage; (c) current programmes aimed at poverty reduction
and social equity promotion (e.g., 4Ps or CCT) have yet to address the growing numbers of poor and vulnerable families; and (d)
unabated corruption and bad governance at various levels have hindered inclusive and poverty-reducing economic growth.
The above framework stresses the importance of understanding child protection issues in a comprehensive and holistic
manner. Moreover, it emphasizes the shift from issue-based analysis to a systems-based analysis using the CRC lens. A CRC-
based analysis includes:
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(a) causality analysis which looks at the immediate, underlying, and root causes of abuse, violence and exploitation – thus
determining failures at the level of individuals, systems, and the larger society;
(b) capacity analysis which looks into the adequateness in terms of knowledge, skills, competencies, and resources not only of
individuals but also of institutions; and
(c) role analysis which looks at the major roles and THIRD COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAM ON CHILD PROTECTION, 2012-2016
18 responsibilities of key duty bearers (government agencies, NGOs, FBOs and other civil society organizations) as well as the
roles and responsibilities of rights-holders or the children themselves.
Circle of abuse, violence and exploitation. The interplay of factors at various levels – individual, systems, and the larger society
– creates a circle of abuse, violence and exploitation. In the Philippine context, the following factors are critical to understanding
the continuing cycle of child abuse, violence and exploitation:
a. Values, attitudes, and practices that lead or contribute to abuse, violence and exploitation, e.g., materialistic and consumerist
culture leading to the “commoditization” of children and various forms of abuse, violence and exploitation;
b. Inadequate services and resources for children at the level of national government agencies and local government units;
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c. Gaps in institutional capacities (e.g., social welfare system, child justice system, etc.) as well as individual capacities of
programme managers, service providers and caregivers in recognizing and responding to abuse, violence and exploitation;
d. Non-functional structures and systems for child protection, e.g., weak or non-functional local councils for the protection of
children (province, municipality, city and barangay), and weak management and implementation mechanisms at various levels,
particularly at LGU level;
e. Children’s inadequate knowledge and life skills and lack of effective participation in decisions that affect them;
f. Failure of families, particularly the marginalized and disadvantaged, to care for and protect their own children as manifested in
their lack of knowledge and skills in responsible and positive parenting;
g. Weak and inconsistent enforcement of child protection laws and ordinances at national and local levels; and h. Inadequate
database and weak monitoring system on child protection.
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Figure 3: Circle of abuse, violence and exploitation
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Table 2. Child Abuse Cases Served by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), 2009 - 2010
Community Based and Center Based
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Table 3. Child Abuse Cases Served by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
by Category, 2009 - 2010
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Summary of the Number of Reported Cases of Child Abuse: 2009 -2010 from the Philippine Statistics Authority
Cases of child abuse in the Philippines involve children who are abandoned, neglected, sexually abused, sexually
exploited, physically abused or maltreated, victims of child labor, victims of illegal recruitment, victims of child trafficking,
victims of armed conflict, and others (i.e. emotionally abused).
The number of reported cases of child abuse goes down by 7.6 percent
According to the reported cases of child abuse numbered 4,749 in 2010. This was 1,775 (27.2%) cases less than
what was reported in 2009 (6,701)
Those neglected children comprise the biggest bloc

By type of abuse, big reports were seen in the abandoned (30.2%), sexually abused (27.3%), and the victims of
neglect (22.7%).
Noticeable was the increase in the number of the abandoned, from 1,091 in 2009 to 1,433 in 2010 or an increase of
31.4 percent. On the other hand, there were decreases among those neglected (-55.3%), and among those sexually abused
(-32.9%). Among those sexually abused in 2010, those who were raped numbered more than half of the total abused,
followed by incest victims at 37.5 percent and those abused through acts of lasciviousness at 8.0 percent.
More female children are abused

By sex, female children are more vulnerable to abuses. A total of 3,138 female children were reportedly abused in
2010 or an equivalent 66.1 percent. Although, there were more females who were sexually abused, noticeable were the
reports on male sexual abuse. Reports have it that there were 79 (6.1%) males who were sexually abused, of which 67
were raped and five victims of lascivious acts .
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The residential and nonresidential facilities that serve abused children

Abused children are served by the DSWD through facilities all over the country. As of 2010, there were a total of 71
facilities involved in the distribution of social services from only 70 in 2009. Residential facilities numbered 64 while
nonresidential only seven .
The child abuse cases does down

It is reported that the number of child abuse cases served by the DSWD numbered 4,749 in 2010, from 2009’s 6,524
or a decrease of 27.2 percent.
About two-thirds of child abuse cases are committed against girls

Of the total child abuses cases, those done against girls numbered 3,138 or 66.1 percent.
NCR reports the most number of child abuse cases

Across regions NCR was served with 1,404 cases (29.6%) while the least went to MIMAROPA at 74 (1.6%) The
biggest reduction in the capacity of the government to serve abused children was seen in the Zamboanga Peninsula, from
22.8 percent in 2009 to only 4.9 percent in 2010.
About one in four child victims is below five years old

It is reported that of those victims of child abuse, more than half were aged 10 to below 8 JOURNAL OF PHILIPPINE
STATISTICS 18 years (52.8 % in 2009 and 55.4 % in 2010. Those whose ages were below five year old were reported at
24.7 percent in 2009 and 24.6 percent in 2010.
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More than half of abused children are the abandoned or neglected

By category or type of abuse, more than one-half of abused children served by the DSWD have either been
abandoned or neglected, comprising the most common cases (53.7% in 2009 and 52.9% in 2010).
The most common sexual abuse is rape

The abandoned and/or neglected children, were sexually abused children (29.6% in 2009 and 27.3% in 2010). The
most common sexual abuse was rape, followed by incest and acts of lasciviousness. Rape victims were predominantly
female (97.6% in 2009 and 90.5% in 2010). There were also large number of incest cases (32.9% in 2009 and 37.5% in
2010).
The victims of child labor are below ten years old

According to the report, some victims of child labor were only five to below ten years old. There were five victims in
2009 and nine victims in 2010.
Cases of pedophilia reported in Central Luzon and Central Visayas

Comparing the two years in review, number of pedophilia cases in 2010 (10.2%) was a little less than that in 2009
(15.4%). Cases were seen in Central Luzon (3 cases) and in Central Visayas (3 cases).
Most of the sexually-exploited children were either victims of prostitution or of cyber pornography (48.5% and 33.8%,
respectively in 2009 and 52.0% and 31.5%, respectively in 2010). But while the overall number of child abuse cases
handled by the DSWD declined from 2009 to 2010, child prostitution cases went up slightly from 63 in 2009 to 66 in 2010.
Cyber pornography victims were served in NCR, Central Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula and Ilocos Region.
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d) TABLES AND GRAPHS
Survey for Awareness 2. Rate your knowledge regarding the different forms of
child maltreatment.
This survey shows the level of awareness and 60

knowledge of the general public towards child abuse. 50
40
Hence, this survey also aims to input small knowledge
30 57
about child abuse to the public. 20
10 26
14
0 3
1. How aware are you of Republic Act No. 7610? Poor Average Good Excellent
80
3. Rate your knowledge regarding child neglect as a
60 form of child abuse.
40
63 50
20 33 40
0 4 0 30
Poor Average Good Excellent 46
20
29
10 17
8
0
Poor Average Good Excellent
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4. Have you attended any seminar regarding child 6. How will you rate the promotion of awareness
abuse? If yes, how often? regarding child abuse on your baranagay?
80 50
60 40
30
40 47
69 20 45
20 10
22
7 8
0 2 0 0
Poor Average Good Excellent Poor Average Good Excellent
5. How will you rate the awareness of the community 7. Rate the level of your knowledge in responding if you
you belong towards child maltreatment? witness a child maltreatment.
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
53 51
20 36 20
10 10 25
11 16
8
0 0 0
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8. How much do you know about the causes of child 10. How will you rate hitting children as a form of
maltreatment? discipline in the Filipino parenting culture?
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
54 49
20 20
30
10 18 23 20 10
14
0 0 7
9. Rate your knowledge about the programs of the

Philippine government regarding child abuse.
60
50
40
30 56
20
30
10
7 12
0
Excellent Good Average Poor
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Survey for Accommodation

2. How will you rate your awareness about child abuse
This survey shows the opinion of the general public
in the country?
about the current condition of the accommodation of the
child abuse victims in the country.
50
40
30
1. How much do know about child abuse? 45
20 44
10 16
50
0 4.5
40
30
20 46
32
10 25
3. For you, how is the Philippines handling the cases of
0 2
child abuse?
60
50
40
30
50
20 42
10
4 9
0
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4. How well do you think Filipinos are knowledgeable 6. How will you rate the accommodation of abused
about child abuse? children in the country?
60 50
50 40
40
30
30 57
20 42 41
20
10 20 25 10 20
0 3 0 2
Excellent Good Average Poor Excellent Good Average Poor
5. How will you rate the government's action towards 7. How will you rate the number of cases of child abuse
child abuse? in the Philippines?
60 40
50
30
40
30 20
51 35 36
20 29
36 10
10
14 5
0 4 0
Excellent Good Average Poor Excellent Good Average Poor
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8. How will you rate the child abuse community

awareness?
10. For you, how widespread a problem is child abuse in
80 the Philippines?
60 40
40 30
64
20 20 38 35
19 20
0 2 27
10
5
0
9. How often do you see evidences of child abuse in

your community?
60
50
40
30 56
20
30
10
7 12
0
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B. RESEARCH TOPICS
A. Supportive Environment for Health
The “Supportive Environment for health” generally pertains to a specially designed physical and interpersonal environment with
modification appropriate for a particular sensitivity or disability and healthcare endeavor. The Supportive Environment for health
was endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the Third International Conference on Health Promotion at Sundsvall,
Sweden in 1991. With participants from 81 countries, it calls upon people in all parts of the world to actively engage in making
environment more supportive to health. Healthcare system needs to be strengthened to release the potentials of people and
develop economic development. One of the initiative on this approach is how should an environment be designed in order to
promote health. This can be achieved through providing choices that would create spaces and places intended to empower
people’s health perception. Supportive Environment can be also referred as “Supportive Setting” where often incorporated on
hospitals, healthcare facilities, and wellness centers by designers such as architects. The concept of how an environment is
supportive still depends on the user characteristics, where these characteristics are considered to be able to regulate programs
(specifically architectural design programs) that would be tailored fit dressing their healthcare concerns. In primary health of infants,
children and mothers are prioritized since they exhibit a great probability of being vulnerable ailments and diseases.
Supportive Environment can be classified into three aspects such as physical, social, and economical.
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1. Physically Supportive Environments
Healthcare facilities for children should be distinctive for their age-adaptive design, detailing that engage a child’s
imagination and a child-scaled environment. These elements promote healing, comfort and family-centered care for the young
patient while accommodating state-of-the-art, critical care technology. Creating a supportive environment for them should
consider their physical conditions in relation to their age, mobility, and strength, sensory and cognitive capacity. These may be
carried out through the design of environmental features and building components. Considerations are made to insure safety,
comfort, convenience and flexibility.
a. Surface Finishes and Configuration
Finishes of the building components such as floors, ceilings and walls are necessary to be designed in accordance to
children’s physical conditions. The following are the noted design guidelines that can be adapted to furnish a physical
supportive environment for them.
Windows
 Windows shall be provided with a regulator preventing them from opening more than 100mm (4
in.) where it is possible for a child to access the window or for all windows located above the first
floor.
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 Select high performance windows and screens to reduce operating costs and to reduce drafts.
Window Coverings
 Easily cleaned or vacuumed window treatments, such as shades should be used.
 Cords should be eliminated or secured in a manner that it they are kept out of reach of children.
 In sleep areas window coverings should effectively block the light, be accessible to staff and easy to use.
 Use of PVC mini-blinds can be hazardous to the health of children and should not be used.
Doors – Hardware
 Install ever door hardware throughout.
 Consider accessibility such as the level of hardware.
 All doors must be operable from the interior without the use of a key
 Building code requirements can conflict with program and security requirements; therefor
consider security and existing issues early in the design process. Windows can be designed either to
maximize or block the light outside
 Check with local fire and building departments regarding use of magnetic locks and electronic
 hold open devices for doors.
 Door closures should be slow-release as they close.
 Analyze different keying and access systems. Options include proximity readers, card system,
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numeric pads, and keys. Ensure selected system is compatible with auto door opener and
security system.
 Install locks on all storage, closet, and cabinet doors.
Doors
 At room entrance “Dutch” doors with glazed top and bottom panels are recommended.
 Provide solid core doors with double glazed vision panels when sound transmission is a concern.
 Consider the door width with respect to the occupancy and building standards.
Floor Finishes
 Select floors that are durable, easy to clean, and maintain.
 Consider installing sheet flooring material and vinyl tile in various colors and patterns.
 The surfaces of ramps, landings and stair treads shall have a finish that is slip resistant
and have either a color contrast or a distinctive pattern to demarcate the leading edge of
Flooring can be structured according to
the stair tread, landing, as well as, the beginning and end of ramp. their activities and use.
 In rooms where: food and/or drink are prepared, stored, or served, and in washrooms,
 floors and floor coverings shall be tight, smooth and non- absorbent. Conductive to high frequency of clean/washing.
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Walls
 Install wall protectors and corner guards on the lower half of the wall in high use area.
 Consider materials such as vinyl wall covering for durability and ease of maintenance,
 Choose high-quality, washable paint
 Carefully consider the various paint sheens available and the appropriateness for each area and
surface.
Size and Design of Furniture
The environment should be designed to fit to the conditions of children such as sizes reach
distances. The following are features that may be incorporated on the facility.
 Furniture should be designed intended to be accessible to children should be low to promote
children’s independence.
 The design of moveable storage units contributes to program flexibility.

Furniture should be also child size to
 Refer to specific program areas for recommended dimensions. serve its purpose effectively.
 Install handrails at a height that is suitable for children.
 Diameter of handrail should be graspable by children.
 Handrail to be graspable the entire length of the
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b. Color
Color has a great impact on the people especially on a given interior space. It may set up the mood of the user and have
psychological effect on them. For infants, primary colors (red, yellow, and blue) and strong patterns are pleasing at first but may
eventually become tiring (leibrock, 2000). On hospital nursery, a blue wall may make a patient look cyanotic where patients are
in therapy to regain the ability to walk, floors might be divided into sections of different colors. Blue or green represent the final
release of the difficult learning process. The association of the sequence would be appropriate; red being tension and blues are
particularly to be avoided as non-accent wall background hues.
Walls and Ceilings can be interesting especially for young children through application of colors.
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c. Lighting
Light is critical to human functioning in that it allows use to see things and perform activities. But
it is also important because it affects human beings psychologically. Several studies have
documented the importance of light in reducing depression, decreasing fatigue, improving alertness
and treating health conditions among infants. Light is even prescribed for treatment of psoriasis and
infant jaundice and colored dyes still play a role in many medical procedures. However, negative
outcome that might occur as a result of overexposure to light in healthcare settings is retinal damage
in preterm infants, and a few studies suggest that reducing ambient lighting conditions in hospital
nurseries might improve outcomes. The following are design guidelines adapted:
 Natural light and views are a high priority. Operable windows are preferred even when
building is air conditioned. Window openings should be higher level, out of children’s reach. Daylight and Views enhances space
performance
 Exterior windows promote engagement with the outside world.
 Windows that open into corridors or between rooms help children to see themselves as part of a land community. They also
permit visual surveillance by staff from adjoining rooms.
 Each room must have clear window glass that is the equivalent of 10% of the space to ensure natural light. Light can be
“shared” from one room to the next by enlarging existing windows or cutting out windows between rooms, however, it will not be
counted in the calculation of direct light.
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 Florescent lighting is the most efficient and cost effective form of artificial lighting. If they are to be used. It is recommended that
bulbs are selected that provide the most natural color mix. Fixture covers can lessen the glare of florescent lighting.
d. Visual Access and Acoustical Control
Too much noise is destructive and may affect audition on people especially among infants and children. They get easily annoyed
and distracted on noisy environment; furthermore, it may have psychological effect on them. Acoustical treatments and separations on
interior space are necessary to mitigate noise but visual access should be also considered. The following are strategies to both
encourage visual access and acoustical control:
Noise and Sound Transmission
 Full height demising walls are recommended where it is important to isolate noise.
 Design mechanical ductwork to limit transfer of sound between areas.
 Sound-moderating acoustic tile ceilings and absorbent wall finishes can reduce noise impact.
 In existing buildings, suspended ceiling grids and/or sound attenuation panels can be installed.
 Quiet and intimate areas can be created within rooms by varying ceiling heights.
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e. Way finding Design
Healthcare facilities in general and hospitals in particular, are often seen as unfriendly places. Visits can be a cause of stress for
patients and the general public because of the nature of the visits and unfamiliarity of place. New staff, volunteers and even existing
staff who have been accustomed to their own areas may not be comfortable navigating the rest of the facility. Some complained
about “getting angry because the directions weren’t clear”. The anger and frustration is understandable when a person faces
labyrinth routes common to architecture for health facilities that have grown and expanded over time. The stress is great enough
when you can speak the native language and can read the sometimes inadequate directional signs. But when you do not speak that
language, it is much easier to feel isolated and to get lost, adding to the stress level.
In this case, recommendation for program standards for signage to best serve limited English Proficiency were developed.
These signage materials should require literacy in order to be understood, and should be understandable to people regardless of
their country of origin, primary language, education, socio-economic status (Cowgill and Bolek, 2003).
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2. Socially Supportive Environment
a. Health Benefits of Social Interactions
One aspect of humankind’s social nature is a strong desire to communicate. People communicate to find out what is happening
in the world, to exchange information, to determine the attitudes of others and to express their thoughts and feelings (Deasy,
1985). Therefore, communication triggers social interaction between people. Studies shows that having social interactions have
health benefits to people. It fosters social support which is an important factor promoting individual’s health and well beings.
People take company of others especially in times of anxiety, stress, and depression. The positive benefits alleviate the mental
condition and boost the sense og belongingness, thus discourage isolation and ease the mental burden of an individual. This is
very evident especially on people who experiences social injustice because of poverty. They have problems in life that causes
them to be stressed and depressed. Social support from others heightens their self -esteems and encourages facing those
problems with positive outlooks. Another is that social interactions facilitates the transmission of information; topics on
healthcare strategies acquired from experience can be shared. Social interaction and its health benefits allow an individual to
increase happiness and correlates on the lowering of blood pressure, headache and even cardiovascular disease. Social
interaction can be encouraged through the design of spaces where people meet and gather.
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b. Environmental Features that encourage Social Interactions
i. For Outdoor Environment
Social interactions at outdoor setting are often concentrated on green spaces like parks
and gardens. The healing quality of the natural environment aids in physical and
psychological health of an individual. Open spaces that have natural features encourage
people to gather or have a walk. On these places, people inevitably interact with each other.
Places that have elements like furniture allow people to share seats and sets up an
opportunity for each people to talk about their thoughts. Here in the Philippines, people
waiting on an ambulatory healthcare facility for consultations, small gathering and discussion
occurs to ease their boredom. Through this, even though they do not know each other
personally, they tend to talk about something, thus provides social cohesion among them.
The outdoor environment can be designed so as to encourage social interaction among people. Outdoor spaces can be
utilized properly in order for an environment be psychosocially supportive. Site furniture can be designed to encourage social
interaction on people. Children should also be considered. They have different behavior on adults, instead discussing
something; they often express themselves and interact on other children through play. The outdoor environment is the most
preferred playground by children since it offers diverse features of learning explorations. In the absence of a playground,
children often create their customized playground by setting up things present on their surroundings.
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Child behavior is often characterized by innocence, in this stage of life; they are curious and try to explore new things in
their surroundings. A specific place can be design to attract their attention and help them to gather and play on a designated
place. Playgrounds are essential on developing motor skills since play stimulates good blood circulation and bone development.
Another site element that can attract social interactions is the shade and sheds, Shade provides comfort to people
especially from the heat of the sun. It is a good refuge for people since trees are natural air conditioners and filter the pollutants
in the air we breathe, meaning small gatherings that takes upon under shades are not just healthy psychosocially but also
physiologically. Sheds, even man- made structures also provides shade for people and guarantees everybody to be dry when
the rain pours if the building is not available or too far to be reached.
Most of sheds do have also furniture that invites people to have snacks or chat together. Beside water features are also
good place for social interaction because of its cooling effect. The said outdoor environmental Tentures adapts as meeting
places that promote social interaction.
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Outdoor environmental features that support social interaction and seat under the tree
ii. Indoor Environment
The indoor environment is different from the outdoor environment. Spaces inside the building regulate social interaction since
there should be a certain activity to be performed. It is undoubtedly that people were chatting outsides and after entering a
building noticeably shuts their mouth and manages to lower their voices. But it doesn’t mean the social interaction should be
discouraged. There are still certain spaces that should promote social interaction in a healthcare facility such as waiting rooms,
lounging areas and cafeterias. Ample space dimension and seating are the paramount of social interactions inside the buildings.
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3. Economically Supportive Environment
High operational cost is every buildings greatest concern especially in relation to electricity and water consumption. As
one of the conditions of indigent children has been identified, they are presumed that cannot give payment on the services the
proposed facility would offer. Another thing, government funded facilities are expected to encounter struggles especially on
having the facility operated regularly. In this case, building strategies that can moderately reduce billings. Passive building
strategies will be incorporated to the overall design of the health and nutrition facility. Income generating strategies are also
employed to help the facility sustain its operation whenever there are delays on funding.
In reducing electricity cost, the benefits of nature can be utilized such as the natural lighting and ventilation. Design
considerations with respect to the buildings’ relationship to its environment are necessary to achieve such endeavor. The
natural environment has distinct benefits to the building providing comfort and reducing cost. The following are the identified
strategies that could be incorporated on the facility design.
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Utilization of Natural Growth
The natural growth such as trees are favorable in the site. It provides shade which facilitates thermal comfort during
summer season through blocking the intense heat and direct sunlight. Ground temperature was lowered. Therefore, in the
context of the site, trees should be preserved. Aside from thermal comfort, it filters the air the people breath making the facility
healthier to dwell. Plant covers also absorbs sunlight and lower temperature than paving because of evaporative cooling. Aside
from its economic benefits, it also has aesthetic and therapeutic qualities.
Building Configuration Design
The building configuration or how the building is planned and designed can contribute to the minimization of electricity
cost. Building should be oriented where it can acquire substantial natural ventilation and lighting. The existing trees can be used
as buffer from pollution and noise as well as in existing comfortable microclimate. Fenestrations or openings such as windows
can be located and designed with respect to the suitable acquisition of light and ventilation. If fenestrations would be necessary
to locate where intense cannot be avoid, solar shading devices may be applicable such as brise soleil, latticework, canopies.
Choice of materials shall be also a consideration to delay heat transmission and insulate the building properly.
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Rainwater Harvesting
Rainwater harvesting provides an independent water supply during regional water restrictions and in is often used to
supplement the main supply. It provides water when there is drought, can help mitigate flooding of low-lying ares, and reduces
demand on wells which may enable ground water levels to be sustained. Rainwater harvesting systems can be installed with
minimal skills. The system should be sized to meet the water demand throughout the dry season since it must be big enough to
support daily water consumption. Specifically, the rainfall capturing area such as building roof must be large enough to maintain
adequate flow.
Sustainable Agriculture
As community garden has been identified as one of the programs that may be incorporated on the facility, this would
help staff to generate assistance to the indigent. Ingredient that would need for a nutrition rehabilitation clinic may be get from
the community garden. In this case, the staff and beneficiaries will be sure that those are organic. This would allow the facility to
cut down the cost in buying food ingredients that will be using for nutrition rehabilitation purposes. This would also give way to
community participation since beneficiaries are expected to contribute in its maintenance.
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Developing Income Generating Spaces
Since passive design strategies cannot directly address economic issues on a facility even though contribute to the
moderate reduction of energy cost, concrete generation of funds for logistics is recommended. Income generating spaces may
come into way. Probable spaces that may be rented can be considered. Apart from permitting other institutions to deliver their
services, a venue may be offered. Other activities that would be needing venue for private organizations such as seminars,
conferences, meetings may be permitted since it will somehow generate funds. Offices may be also catered like what the Gota
de Leche in Sampaloc, Manila has set up.
B. Therapeutic Environment for Children
Methods of treatment
The treatment of abused children will become a primary focus of the shelter. These children have deep
emotional and psychological scars. Through a variety of treatments an attempt will be made to heal their many scars
and prepare the children for productive lives. There are three major ingredients in every child abuse case. There is
the child, the parent or adult and the circumstances. All three of this areas are in a state of continuous interaction and
change. The processes of intervention and prevention must be sufficiently acceptable to address spontaneously the
dynamic changes as they arise. Since the victims perpetrators environments response, either confirms or denies that
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the intervention prevention techniques selected are appropriates. The feedback loop is an essential part of any
intervention prevention effort.
Ergonomics of children’s
Ergonomics is about “fit” the fit between people, the things they do, the objects they use and the environments
they work, travel and play-in. If good gods is achieved the stresses on people are reduced they are more
comfortable, they can do things more quickly and easily and they ,make fewer mistakes. So when we talk about “fit”,
we don’t just mean physical fit, we are concerned on psychological and othr aspects too. That is why ergonomics is
often called human.
Child psychology
Involves looking at the issues , stages and various influnccess what a child experiences throughout their
development into functioning adult.
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Two main areas
1. Actual processes of psychological development that there a child goes through when growing up.
2. Analysis and treatment of the various problems that a child may face throughout their development.
Factors affecting child development
1. Environment setting
2. Family
3. Community media
In a perfect world, a child would develop successfully into a happily functioning adult, without any problem
along the way, however this is not usually the case and may children find that they may struggle throughout the
process.
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Art therapy
Many assaulted children have learned that certain spoken words can be very dangerous and that to survive,
they must not say inflammatory things out loud. Consequently they develop a reluctance to communicate verbally
and openly with anyone, to work effectively with assaulted children, several non modalities are include as part of a
multidisciplinary approach of diagnosis and intervention prevention. Art therapy, therefore, has become one of the
more basic ways of entering the child’s world and communicating with them in a non threatening manner. Art therapy
can be used in various ways as treatment.
1. Free non-verbal expression of one’s self concept through techniques such
as “draw a person”.
2. A symbolic revelation of the client’s perception of family dynamics through
“draw a family”procedures.
3. Reproduction of structured stimulus symbols to evaluate some aspects of brain
maturation and function.
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4. The degree of shelter emotional progressive relaxation through art and
handicraft media.
This therapy can help to bridge communication gaps within
individuals themselves, between parents and children. Most importantly,
art expression is a very positive deterent to delinquency, depression and
mental illness. It will help them to express their anger and fear non
destructively art is a stepping stone to a more verbal communication.
A significant component of a complete art therapy program is the art studio gallery. The art studio concept
follows that of Erickson (1963)Sand its product oriented between parents and its product oriented and especially
designed to meet the children and possibly for vocational ’s needs for increased self esteem and possibly for
vocational preparation. The studio gallery helps clients to develop and realise their creative potential for its own sake.
This studio is opened at regular hours and the clients may participate as often and as long as they like.
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In drawing self portraits which is common tool in this therapy, the most universal characteristic found are :
1. Arms missing.
2. Self is pictured as small in a vast spaces
3. Assault is sometimes graphically drawn drawn or indicated by a mission.
Dance Therapy
The therapy and relaxation derived From rhythmic movement of the
body are evident Throughout the history of mankind. This is also
another form of non-verbal communication,For some assaulted children,
dance may become a pleasant mean for developing better coordination and
general fitness while expanding physical energy in a pleasant and calming
manner, instead of resorting to the violent, counterproductive physical
expression of fighting. In addition to the physical therapy of dancing, a treatment
plan may include a program of jogging alone or with a group, instead of
running away, to reduce free floating anxiety and depression.
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Music Therapy
Just as the aforementioned art and dance therapies serve as media for
expression and communicator so too can music serve this therapeutic
purpose. The active creation and participation in musical production is quite
satisfying to many children; even the passive listening to the peaceful sounds
may soothe and comfort the restless soul.
The sound environment can be moulded to contribute to the the healing
atmosphere throughout the facility.
C. Parental Cognitive Approach
Parental-Cognitive is an approach that embodies the parental characteristics and understanding the human
mind. Through this approach the facility will stimulate the human mind, how people receive their surroundings, how
they orient in the building, how theymemorize the environment and how will the environment affect cognitively. Or
simply, understanding the needs and minds of the abused children and processing it to create a homely facility that
will heal them.
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Parental Approach
Parental approach shares three major goals: ensuring children’s health and safety, preparing children for life
as productive adults and transmitting cultural values. A high-quality parent-child relationship is critical for healthy
development.
Parental approach is feat and whether children become competent, healthy, productive adults depends on a
variety of environmental factors. The influences on child outcomes are numerous, but a wealth of literature indicates
parental -approach to children are an important part of the equation. The extent to which parental approach shape
behavioral development in children is a complex question and, though we may not be able to answer it with certainty,
we can be certain that parental are important factors in the children’s behavioral outcomes.
Research has found consistent links between parenting and child behavioral adjustment. For instance, a
mother’s parenting behaviors, including the extent to which she displays affection toward and exerts behavioral and
psychological control over her child, when that child is five years of age are linked to later child internalizing and
externalizing behaviors (Aunola & Nurmi, 2005). Internalizing, or emotional, behavior problems often refer to anxiety
and depression (Akhter et al., 2011). Externalizing, or disruptive, behavior problems commonly include attention-
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deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems (Akhter et al., 2011). These are just a few common behavioral
problems that are.
Cognitive Architecture
Cognitive architecture is the theory about the structures of the human mind and how they work together to
manage intelligent behavior in any complex environment. It is a system that underlies human performance and
learning. The understanding of human cognition within a cognitive architecture requires knowledge of memory
organization, forms of knowledge representation, mechanisms of problem solving, and the nature of human
expertise.
Cognitive approach to children aims to improve their mental health. It focuses on challenging and changing
unhelpful cognitive distortions such as thoughts, beliefs, attitude and behaviors, improving emotional regulation, and
the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems. Originally, it was designed to
treat depression, but its uses have been expanded to include treatment of a number of mental health conditions,
including anxiety.
The goal of cognitive approach to children is to teach them while they cannot control every aspect of the world
around them, they can take control of how they interpret and deal with things in their environment.
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C. CASE STUDY
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The scope of the case studies will focus on the facilities catering abused children and the facilities with similar uses and
approach from the proposed project. It will also focus on the different healing strategy hence different therapeutic elements that can
be applied for the medication of the abused children. The case study will also discuss about the existing facilities and the different
strategies and elements than can be useful and adopted for the proposed project. Hence, the following findings will serve as a
guide in planning, designing and creating a better and sustainable facility for the abused children in the country.
The case study will focus on the most useful and related information for the formulation of the proposed project. The local
case study may be limited due to the confidentiality of the involved users and sensitivity of the issue. Hence, the foreign case study
may be limited due to limited information present in the world wide web.
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LOCAL CASE STUDY
a. EPHESUS Home of Mary & Joseph Inc.
Background
Loving Hands of Joseph and Mary Foundation is the organization that initiated the founding of EPHESUS, a home for
abused children and women. It started 1998 as a group of lay people who had a vision to redeem the lives of these
individuals. It is an international aid organization located in Bliss Site, Tabe, Guiguinto, Bulacan that is directed by a Sweden
veteran, Br. Marianito "Mario" Somera. The orphanage caters children as young as 6 yrs old up to 18 yrs old, The orphans
are not for adoption but rather, the orphanage support the children until the children are old enough to decide their own
path. Other than education the orphanage provide different programme for the rescued children that are list down below.
Programme offered
Residential care Spiritual development
Professional psychosocial intervention Skills training and livelihood programme
Scholarship programme of education Networking with government and other NGO's
Staff Board Of Trustees

Executive director: Br. Mario Somera President: Marianito "Mario" Somera
Psychologist: Danny Capili Vice-President: Rev.Fr. Florentino Concepcion
Social worker: Emmanuel Ramirez Secretary: Jeffrey Lobos
Pre Vi Secretary: Jhoyce Manabat Treasurer: Emmanuel Ramirez
House Parent: Harodelyn Sampollo Trustees: Eunice Cheng Chua
House Parent: Helenape Samp Celerina Navarro
Rev. Fr. Vic Robles
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Environmental Behavioral Study of EPHESUS Home of Mary & Joseph Inc.
Spaces Recurring Behavior Accepted Social Rules Critical Physical Feature Time Locus
Entrance
The children of Ephesus The entrance must be The entrance lacks security This
may go out without secured for the safety of and proper ambiance to happens al
permission because of lack the children. The entrance welcome the visitors. It the time
of security. The entrance should be directed to the should have security post
also becomes the playing receiving area so that the and it should be directed to
area of the children visitors will not the receiving area for the
because it is wide enough immediately interact with privacy of the children.
and covered. the children, this is for the
privacy and security of the
abused children.
Front yard / Open space

The front yard becomes the The front yard must have a The open front yard is This
playing area of the children friendly atmosphere for the spacious and it is the playing happens
because it is wide and it children. It should be free area of the children. It has
mostly
does not hindrance the from obstacles that may ornamental plants and small
children to play. The injure the children and it trees but the area is still during
children also grows plants should also be develop directly hit by the sun and afternoon.
and trees around it and into a front yard with the trees doesn't cover it. It
they have duties to playground so the children is also unpaved and the
maintain it. will be safe while playing bermuda grass planted on it
was already gone a storage.
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Record/file room This

happens all
The children can easily The record or file room During the ocular visit of the the time.
access to the file room. It should be secured for the researcher the record room
also became the office of confidentiality of the is currently under
the house parents and they children. It should be keep maintenance. It is currently
received the visitors at the in a safe place for the messy and unorganized. It is
file room. important documents of located near and accessible
the center and the abused the entrance. The door and
children. windows also needs repair.
Common area
The children always gather The common area is a The gathering hall is located This
to the common area to do place where the children happens all
in the middle of the structure.
different activities like to interact. It should be the time
play, to talk and also this is spacious and free from There are tables, small stage and mostly
where they do celebrations. obstacles. It should be and altar located. It lacks when there
This is where they entertain appealing for the are
natural lighting and it looks
the visitors and let the them psychological health of the celebrations
interact with the children. children and also for the unorganized and messy due and visitors’
welcoming of visitors. to the children's toys and hour.
other stuffs.
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Livelihood area
This is where the children It should be fully equipped This is where they produce This
creates their livelihood and have proper spacing their livelihood which is happens
goods, they are currently for the safety of the tailoring rags and mats when they
selling rug mats. But workers, considering the which they transport outside have orders
mostly, the space also children are the workers. It the province. It is of their
becomes a playing area for should have proper unorganized and messy due products.
the children if they don’t lighting because it id for to the excess clothes and
have orders. tailoring. because they also used it as
storage of foods and
religious relics.
Back yard
The children often run The back yard should be There is an open ditch with This
around the backyard and it free from obstacles and stagnant water and garbage happens
also became their hazardous things which produce a bad smell. mostly
There is a higher risk of
playground. This is also considering it is a place for during
different insects coming from
where they do their laundry children. It is also should it. The backyard also afternoon.
and other activities as well be maintained well for becomes the children's play
future facilities. area and there were
accidents of children falling
into the ditch that already
happened.
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Bedroom
Aside from sleeping, the The bedroom should have The bedroom designation of This
bedroom is also the comfort a homely feeling for the the children is sorted to their happens
place of the children. When children to feel secured. It age. The older children are every day
there are visitors they stay should provide comfort for in the "Pink room" while the but mostly
at their rooms if they are the children considering younger children are in the during
not allowed yet to interact. their traumatic "Blue room". 25 children nights and
It also becomes a playroom experiences. shares in the 2 bedrooms, it when
specially for the young is enough due to the use of visiting
children. double deck bed. hours.
Kitchen and Dining area
The children gather in this The dining area should be The dining area and kitchen This
place to prepare food and spacious considering the are located at a separated happens
to eat. They have number of children. The building. It lacks sanitation during lunch
designated daily task to do kitchen should be free and cleanliness. It is also and dinner
during eating hours. from things that can cause unorganized and it is near a time.
injury to the children. Both dirty ditch so the area
of these areas should be produce an unpleasant
clean and maintained for smell.
the health of the children.
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b. BAHAY TULUYAN
Background
Bahay Tuluyan is a non-government organization that provides a variety of programs and services aimed at
preventing and responding to abuse and exploitation of children in the Philippines. Bahay Tuluyan's main
headquarters is located at 2218 Leveriza St, Malate, Manila. Bahay Tuluyan was founded in 1987 by Fr John
Gallagher, an Irish Columban priest who was based at Malate Catholic Church. He was supported in his task by a
group of individuals including Fr Bernard O'Connor and Edward Gerlock, concerned citizens and support groups in
the Philippines, United States of America and Canada.
For the first 24 years of its existence Bahay Tuluyan has operated out of temporary offices in Manila. In 2011,
with the generous support of many individuals and organizations, Bahay Tuluyan was able to open a Home of Our
Own in Manila. This building includes temporary shelter for children, drop in and educational facilities and a training
center with guesthouse. Construction of the new center in Manila continued throughout the year. The five-story
building was officially opened on November 11, 2011. Bahay Tuluyan made an important organizational change which
involved shifting from a centralized management system towards self-sufficient and self-sustaining centers in a
number of locations, complemented by an effective national program based in Manila.
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Environmental Behavioral Study of BAHAY TULUYAN.
Entrance Gate The entrance gate secured The entrance gate must be The entrance gate and This happen
by the staffs of bahay secured not only by the fence is lack of security all the time.
tuluyan for the security of staffs but by its element such as safety grills and
the children here. This is such as safety grills and barbwires. Receiving area
also welcomed the visitors barbwires. must be directed on the
and those who wants do gate.
donate.
Indoor Playground On the everyday life of the The indoor playground This indoor playground is This happen
children. There’s a time for must safety and child- in small area that keeps it all the time.
playing. This indoor friendly. Application of crowded at the busy hours.
playground used by the psychology of colors must It can’t cater all the
children at afternoon. be considered specially to children of bahay tuluyan.
the children. This indoor
playground must be in
large space for the
conveniency.
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This social area is busy if The social area must be in The social area can’t cater This happen
there’s events and large scale. Application of all the children because of all the time.
occasion. In this area children’s proxemics must it small area.
display the profile, be considered to meet the
birthdays, and activity of the needed of its individual.
children.
Social Area
Receiving Area In this receiving area, the This receiving area must There’s no chairs for This happen
staffs entertained the be located exactly to the waiting area. Because of all the time.
visitors from what they what entrance gate that is direct it’s wrong location, the
they gonna do. This is accessible from the visitors need to enter the
located at the front, near visitors. gate before go to the
the entrance gate to receiving area.
welcome the visitors.
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Library The library is always by the The library needs to be in The library maximized the This happen
children that loves to read. silence and in good space but suffered the all the time.
This is busy at the study lighting. It must be convenience of the users.
and after class of the consider the proper way of
children. lighting and acoustics.
Bedroom The bedroom is used to The bedroom must be This is in good ambiance This happen
rest and sleep. There is a comfortable and in good and comfortable. It lacks of all the time.
right time for bedroom. ambiance. The lighting a good lighting.
must be considered
because it gives a good
mood to the users.
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Education Play Room The Educational Play Room The educational play room The play room Lack of This happen
is always busy after lunch. must be in cheerful consideration regarding on all the time.
This play room helps the ambiance. Application of it’s color. It is spacious and
children’s mind to develop color’s psychology must has proper ventilation to
their cognitive aspects. be considered. make it comfortable.
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c. PCMC (Philippine Child Medical Center)
Location: Quezon Ave., Quezon City, Metro Manila Philippines
Founded: August 10, 1979
Background
The Philippine children’s Medical center is a government-owned and controlled corporate National Centers for
specialized health care under the department of health. It has a 200-bed capacity tertiary hospital with a mandate to
provide pediatric care, offer training programs for medical and allied health care providers, and be a center in clinical
research. PCMC also partnered with Rotary Club Makati West- Gift of Life International, an international non-
government organization, which give way for two open-heart surgery missions for service patients with congenital
heart diseases who needed cardiac surgeries. The PCMC host the largest ICU for children in the Philippines. It has
the biggest neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] that is integral to the Perinatal Care and Neonatology Center. It’s Child
Neurology and Neurosurgery Service Program, inclusive of a neurodevelopment center. It has a pediatric
rehabilitation facility and a pediatric multi-specialty for inpatients, as well as for clinic service to out-patients and
referrals.
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Environmental Behavioral Study of PCMC.
Entrance
Patients and other people The information table Information table is near This
who go in PCMC goes first should not be in front of the stairs of entrance and happens
here in the information table the stairs and the entrance exit and beside the Every day
before entering the hospital. space should be more entrance there are small
There are many security wide in case of kiosk where they can buy
guard around the entrance emergency. foods
to make sure that the
hospital is secured.
Lobby This
happens
In the lobby there is no Should have a waiting In the lobby is very wide every day
benches for waiting area area and a well arranged and there is a open area
where people can seat spaces it or a space for a where they can gather
while waiting for their family specific activity in the activities and programs,
or relatives. And they put lobby where they will not and there are some kiosk
some chairs and table to disturb the people in the that they are not using.
also do a free BP checkup. lobby.
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Rehabilitation medicine division The disabled child patient The announcements The wall paint is faded so This
comes in a rehabilitation should not be posted in it is not look like a child happens all
medicine division for their the door and should have friendly ambiance and the the time
therapy beside the door a security table. door has a lot of posted
there is a waiting area for announcements.
the relatives of the patients.
Lattice
This is the hallway for The hallway should be The lattice paint is faded it This
patients that goes in the more colourful and the looks like stressing to mind happens
rehabilitation medicine lattice should look because of the dirt and everyday
division and other area of refreshing and or relaxing faded colors.
the hospital for the patients.
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Hallway
This is the hallway inside The hallway should be Long corridors usually This
the hospital it is a child more colorful and relaxing cause a confusing for the happens all
friendly design and people in the mind of a child . users especially on the the time
or patients passing here are young patients.
few.
Waste disposal Beside the waste disposal The waste disposal should The waste disposal is too This
has a parking area for be separated in the public small so the other waste happens
doctors and patients even area. are in the outside of the everyday
tho there is a signage of no waste disposal space.
parking.
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Patients room
The young patients here is The room can be more This room can This happen
very comfortable because balanced in color of the accommodate a more every admit
of the wide space and wall and have a natural patient and organized of patient
natural lighting . ventilation. furniture.
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FOREIGN CASE STUDY
Gulf Coast Children’s House
Background
Gulf Coast Kid's House was established in 1998 and opened its doors to provide direct service in 2004. The partner
agencies located within Gulf Coast Kid's House form a multidisciplinary team that responds to child sexual abuse cases,
egregious physical abuse cases and medical neglect cases in Escambia County. Since opening in 2004, Gulf Coast Kid's
House has provided much needed services to child victims of abuse and their families. In 2017 alone Gulf Coast Kid's House
provided services to over 3,800 children.
Gulf Coast Kid's House is a children's advocacy center serving Escambia County. As a children's advocacy center, it
combined all of the professionals and resources needed for the intervention, investigation and prosecution of child abuse
cases under one child-friendly facility. Child victims and their families also receive mental health counseling at our center.
The goal of Gulf Coast Kid's House is to form a more collaborative response to child abuse cases so that it can improve
case outcomes and minimize trauma to the children and families it’s serve.
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Board of Directors
Olevia McNally, Chair - Envision April Knowles
David Peaden II -Chair Elect- HBAWF Lisa Nellessen -Savage - PNJ
Keith Weidner, Immediate Past Chair – TWWPA Kelly MacLeod- Fundraising Chair - Bella Magazine
John Adams - Parliamentarian Beggs & Lane Jeanne Prange
Ellen Kent – Secretary Debbie Ritchie - Studer Group
Kathleen Baldwin, Treasurer Sally Rosendahl
Keith Hoskins, At Large – NFCU Thomas St. Myer - UWF
Teri Levin, At Large - Levin Investment Sherri Swann - LSF
Nikki Bell - Morette Company Todd Thomson - Greater Pensacola Chamber
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Amy Connally Joe Vinson - Akabaka
Susan Davis Leslie Yandle - Yandle Consulting
Shawn Dominguez - Dominguez Design-Build
Vision of Gulf Coast Children’s House
The vision of Gulf Coast Kid’s House is to provide a place where child prote ctive services, law enforcement,
prosecution, medical and mental health professionals' work together under one roof to provide comprehensive
services.
Mission of Gulf Coast Children’s House
Facilitate the investigation, prosecution, and treatment of child abuse and neglect and promote child abuse
prevention awareness through community education.
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Goals of Gulf Coast Children’s House
 Provide a child-friendly facility to serve abused children and their families in a neutral environment.
 Minimize trauma to child abuse victims by streamlining the intervention process.
 Develop formal, comprehensive, multi-disciplinary responses to child abuse, which will meet the needs of
both child victims and their families.
 Educate the community of child abuse issues and enlisting support to help prevent child abuse.
Partners Agencies
Gulf Coast Kid's House serves as a safe place for abused children to talk about abuse issues in a non -
threatening environment. The key concept behind Gulf Coast Kid's House is that an abused child only has one place
to go to tell his or her experience of abuse. Prior to Gulf Coast Kid’s House when a child was abused, he or she had
to repeat the abuse experience at numerous agencies across Escambia County.
Representatives within Gulf Coast Kid's House work collaboratively to provide a comprehensive and child -
centered response to child abuse cases. The primary focus is ensuring that children who are victims of abuse will
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not be traumatized by the intervention system that is intended to help and p rotect them. The Gulf Coast Kid’s House
houses/hosts a Multidisciplinary team, which consists of many agencies.
 Escambia County Sheriff’s Office
 Pensacola Police Department
 Department of Children and Families
 Children Protection Team
 Office of the State Attorney
 Lutheran Services Florida
The Gulf Coast Kid’s House is located at the 3401 N 12 th Ave
Pensacola, Florida 32503 USA. When child abuse victims arrived to
Gulf Coast Kid’s House, they’re greeted by friendly and safe
environment.
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The House even the interior is design specifically for children. Here they
can tell what is happened at them without going to police station.
There’s also medical room. The children receive a medical exam without
waiting in emergency room. This usually used in physical examination.
There’s also a play room for children not only to play but to test their
psychological behavior by the Psychologist. In this room, the children
expressed their problem to the psychologist by the use of playing.
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SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS
The data gathered from the case study serves as guide for the researchers in formulating the recovery center for abused
children. It also provide techniques, strategies and ideas for a sustainable designing and planning of the proposed project.
The case study shows the different situations and conditions in every shelters for abused children, it also shows the different
current issues and considerations of the presented shelters. It will also be a guide to design a space considering the
sensitivity of the issue and the young children using the facility. It also help in knowing the most needed and important space
and utilities, and the arrangement and flow of it.
Upon the case study are the occurring and existing problems, like failure and inconsistency in designing the facility. This
will guide the researchers to know the possible problems that may occur and to solve it. This will also help the researchers to
think of feasible innovations to avoid this problems and to create a sustainable shelter for abused children. Hence, a possible
solution for the present alarming condition of child abuse in the Philippines through architecture.
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CHAPTER III
A. INTRODUCTION
In this chapter of the book, it primarily contains the restatement of the problem which gives a more profound and
descriptive meaning of the problem, this chapter also talks about the summary of findings, identification of needs and the
recommendation. All of the contents in this chapter are base from the gathered data from the previews chapters that are
studied,analyze and interpreted to create different possible solutions on the existing problems that the project encountered.
B. RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Through the gathered data from the previews chapter it is proven that violence against children is continuous as a
pressing problem in the Philippines because there is so many cases of child abuse every year according to our gathered
data from DSWD. It also proves that child maltreatment is a threat to the development of young people because of the
traumatic experience that they had, it is possible that the victims will diagnosed in post traumatic stress disorder or
depressed so the impact of the abuse to children can be a long lasting mental health problem and lastly Lack of community
integration and lack of therapeutic environment in the existing condition of the accommodation affects the recovery of the
victims in their condition.

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C. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
There are primarily two kinds of shelter for abused children in our country the government funded and private funded
shelter, both of their goal was to heal the totality of the abused,Even though the government owned shelter are few, the
services that they cater for the abused is wide range. they cater every V.A.C and they can accommodate a high number of
abused in their shelter and the private shelter can accommodate abused children from 1-19 in age they can only
accommodate a number of abuse in their shelter.
There is a connection between the private funded shelter and the government shelter because government and private
shelter both cater a child abuse victims they have the same services for the abused children the government shelter can
transfer the child in the private shelter when the needs of a child is in the different shelter/ private shelter based on the
evaluation. Because shelters have difference in speciality,accommodation,facilities,environment,activities and strategies. So
by observing this data it shows that there is a difference between the private and government funded shelter in terms of
speciality of the needs of a child abused victims.
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By observing and analyzing the survey conducted to a different places it shows that the accommodation has a lack of
strategies in healing a child abused victims in terms of the environment and they are not aware in the effect of abuse to a
child.
Based on the data gathered from the previous chapter it shows that communication is one of the best tools in helping
the girls to recover from the bad experience, but also shows that communication is one of the main cause of their stress
inside the shelter. So having a key point doesn’t mean it solves the problem, because using in a wrong way can make worst
thing to happen.
Through interviews and surveying it shows that linking the activities and spaces of a shelter in the natural environment
can help them recover since the natural environment can give the feeling of freedom and peace of mind that can help the
abused to think properly.
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C. IDENTIFICATION OF NEEDS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSALS
Supportive Environment for Health
Needs Recommendation Proposal
1. Redevelop the abused children’s social  Provide facility that will provide health Clinics
and spiritual well being. care and recreational activities for
abused children. Playgrounds and open area that boosts
social interaction.
 Outdoor spaces: the center should
2. A need to continuously provide the include an enclosed attractive outdoor Landscape atrium’s to maximize visual
abused juvenile victims, socially space for social reintegration program comforts.
reintegrating environments. for participants to enjoy as a part of
their daily routine center.
Colorful facilities according to scaled
3. A need of design in the health care  Provide a child friendly interior design environment.
facilities with a child’s imagination and a to give them a comfortable and
child-scaled environment. relaxing place.
4. promote healing, comfort and family-

centered care for the abused children.
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Therapeutic Environment for Children
1. A need for facility that provides child  Provide a facility that promotes Art therapy room
abuse victims a place to fully recover effective recovery for their physical,
from their traumatic experience. mental and emotional trauma. Music therapy room
2. A need for a facility that helps them  Patient space should have an Dance therapy room
strengthen their mind. attractive, open, therapeutic Gym
environment without compromising
3. A need of facility that will promote a patient and staff safety. Therapeutic environment in the facilities
natural environment that will help to
the psychological aspect of the child  Provide a wellness facility that helps Wide hallway
abuse victims them not only mentally but also
physically.
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Parental Cognitive
1. A need of environment that Promote  A design that benefits their mind and Active architecture design
physical activities that will stimulate body to be healthy .
the minds of the abused children
 Provide a parental care for the victims
home like or liveable environment
to give them comfort.
2. A need of parental care that will help  A facility that possesses a therapeutic
victims to be become competent, physical environment that considers a Application of therapeutic and healing
healthy, productive adults. child’s perception of color,space and environments on the landscapes as well
environment as well as their as the interior design of spaces and
emotions. furniture for the center.
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Architectural Solutions For Child Abuse

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A Transformative Blissful Recovery Center for Children through Parental-Cognitive Approach

pinching or twisting of ears.

being loved. They are becoming used to violence.

C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

the recovery of their condition.

D. GOALS OF THE STUDY

1.2. Conduct interviews and observations.

2.3. Search for the possible unique distinct features.

3.2. Observe to the existing facility for child.

3.4. Conduct an environmental behavior study.

E. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

and provide solutions.

problems and needs of the facility and the users.

F. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

professionals such as psychologist, teachers, lawyers and other social workers.

behavior of the juvenile in a recovery facility.

utmost attention to this kind of social problem.

risk of serious harm to a child.

2. Child Behavioral Study – study of the behavior pattern of the children.

families who are victims of state violence in the Philippines.

live successfully in the community.

imprisonment and death.

intimidation, manipulation, and refusal to ever be pleased.

maximizes the benefit for its communities.

13. Maltreatment – to treat someone cruelly or violently.

14. Neglect - to fail to give needed care or attention to someone or something.

address a social or political issue.

mental illness, or other behavioral problems.

not able to give consent.

education and the health of children and mothers in developing countries.

I. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Definition of Child Abuse

kicking, or shaking a child.

with a child's growth and development constitutes neglect.

because no one was looking after him or her.

abuse. So is threatening, terrorizing, belittling, or constantly criticizing a child.

The Impact of Child Abuse

depression later in life.

and occurs at more than one developmental stage.

Child Protection in the Philippines (a situational analysis)

immediate and lasting change in their lives.

all and is indispensable in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDG).

exploitative and hazardous work conditions.

the Children child protection interventions.

and between sectors at different levels.

 Children’s voices and participation.

 An aware and supportive public.

short-term needs for child protection systems.

Understanding Children Perception towards Built Environment

Architecture in Shaping Child Psychology

Analysis of Emotional Parameters to generate Emotional Variables

As per the Theory of Social Development (Erik Erikson)

attachment/ belongingness and social interaction/ mingling.

 Sense of Cognition of a Place.

 Sense of Attachment/ Belongingness.

 Sense of Social Interaction/ Mingling.

Understanding Cognitive Approaches in Early Childhood

and comprehension of print.

Child-oriented Architecture from the Perspective of Environmental Psychology

include the following spaces:

each other and a network which connects various spaces together;

them. The spaces are known as playground (Mahdizadeh,2006)