NEW -ISM Q&A

SAMPLE QUESTIONN AIRE FOR “ISMS” PHIL OSOPHY OF EDUCATION (SOCIAL DIMENSIONS)
1. The Philippine Elementar y School Curriculu m gives greater emphasis on the de velopment of basic skills lik e reading,
writing, and arithmetic. What is the philosophical basis for this?
A. Pragmatism
C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism
D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Essentialism. Essentialism - is an educational theor y rooted in classical r ealism and idealism which
advocates curricular r eform stressing the essentials of the basics lik e the 3R's.
Pragmatism- is regarded as an American philosophy whose v arious forms adv ocate experimentalism,
instrumentalism, functionalism, and pr acticalism and their curricular off erings imply a wid e range of subject ar eas.
Pereninialism- is a traditional educational the ory that puts premium on eternal truth as con tained in the "Gr eat Books".
Existentialism - personaliz es knowledge to the individual. The person chooses the knowle dge that he deems is r elevant to
his process of becoming t o realize his essence.
2. Teacher H asks one of her students, “What do y ou want to become when y ou grow up?” This
question is an indication of what kind of philosophy?
A. Progressivism
B. Existentialism
C. Naturalism
D. Idealism
RATIONALIZATION: D - Idealism. Idealism is the answer because it str esses the existence of ideas independent fr om the
material world. Ideas that which exist in the mind ar e the only reality.
3. Teacher X has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of E ducation but also impar ted this to her students. This
demonstrates what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Perennialism
RATIONALIZATION: C - Realism. Realism concerns with what is r eal, actual. For ideas to be realized, they must be
transferred or demonstrated.
4. In his class, Teacher M always presents principles and v alues so as to encourage his students t o examine them and
decide for themselv es whether to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he pr actice?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Essentialism D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: D - Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasiz es subjectivity, freedom and
responsibility.
5. When a teacher emphasiz es that man’s sense should be trusted because the y are the only
way to acquire knowledge, the teacher can be r egarded as . A. Naturalist C. Empiricist
B. Realist D. Pragmatist
RATIONALIZATION: C -Empiricism. Empiricism upholds that the only sour ce of knowledge is the senses and sense-based
experience.
6. Teacher K views her pupils as unique, fr ee choosing, and r esponsible individuals. She p lans activities wher e the pupil
can develop his unique personality . What theory underlies this natur e of the pupil?
A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of se lf hood whose fundamental
doctrine proclaims man’s freedom in the acco mplishment of his destiny . In this case, emphasis is giv en on the students
rather than on the curriculum content.
7. "Learning is the pr ocess of retrieving prior learning", this is a statement fr om _. A. Constructivist C. Pr ogressivist
B. Reconstructivist D. Empiricist
RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivist. As defined, Constructivism is a philosophy of learnin g which asser ts that reality
does not exist outside of the human conceptions. It is the individual that construct r eality by reflecting on his own
experience and giv es meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting on our o wn experiences, we construct
our own understanding of the world we liv e in. Therefore, learning is simply the pr ocess of adjusting our mental modes t o
accommodate new experiences.
8. Teacher U teaches t o his pupils that pleasur e is not the highest good. T eacher's teaching is against what philosophy?
A. Realism C. Epicur eanism
B. Hedonism D. Empiricism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Hedonism. Epicur eanism is just a form of Hedonism. Hedonism is the gener al, Epicureanism is the
specific. Always select the gener al answer.
9. After listening t o the homily of the Priest about fidelity , Catherine has a moment of r eflection. Her understanding of the
value of fidelity has become deeper as she r elated this to her past experience. This typifie s what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Humanism
B. Reconstructivism D . Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Constructivism. Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which a sserts that reality does not exist
outside the human conceptions. It is the individual who construct r eality by reflecting on his own experience and giv es
meaning to it.
10. After studying the Principle of Identity , Teacher W asks her students t o determine which among the giv en set of
problems conforms t o the said identity. This shows that Teacher W upholds what kind of P hilosophy?
A. Perennialism C. Essentialism
B. Progressivism D. Naturalism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of learning b y doing things.
11. Thea listened t o the advice giv en by her sister to end the relationship that she has with Gilbert. However, her sister
learned that the advice she has giv en was not followed and Thea decided t o continue the relationship. This action of Thea
is a manifestation of what kind of philosophy?
A. Essentialism C. P erennialism
B. Existentialism D. Humanism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of se lfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accompl ishment of his destiny .
12. After finishing the degr ee in Education, Teacher M learns that learning ne ver stops. In fact, she accumulates mor e
knowledge after lea ving the por tal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism C. Pr ogressivism
B. Perennialism D. Humanism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes change, gr owth and development. It is an activ e form of
philosophy for it continues t o evolve.
13. Matilda is an adv ocate of the principle “ making the most of y our life”. She is indeed an
advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Humanism C. Realism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Humanism. Humanism is a philosophy that str esses to “live life to the fullest”.
14. Teacher X is a very dedicated teacher in the nurser y. Her foremost concern is for stude nts to learn how to adapt
themselves in the environment. This shows t hat Teacher X upholds what kind of philosop hy?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Pragmatism D. Rationalism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Naturalism. Naturalism aims to unfold the child’s potential, not t o prepare him for a definite
vocation or social position but t o prepare him to adapt to the changing times and needs.
15. Teacher J serves as an inspiration to his students because of his efficiency and eff ectiveness as a teacher. The mind
set of his students t owards him/her is an instance of what kind of philosophy?
A. Realism C. Nationalism
B. Idealism D. Constructivism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Idealism. Idealism is a philosophy which asser ts that what’s in the mind is the only r eality. In this
situation, the teacher inspir es his/her students thr ough the values that he/she possessed . Values are absolute are told to
belong in realm of ideas. Hence, these ar e considered as ideas that exist only in the mind.
16. John learns well thr ough active interplay with others. His learning incr eases when eng aged in activities that has
meaning in him. Which philosophy can describe this?
A. Progressivism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Empiricism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Progressivism. Progressivism is a philosophy of hands of learning or experiential learning.
“Learning by doing”. Learning is based fr om the questions of one ’s experience of the world. Hence, it is the learner himself
who thinks, solv es, and gives meaning through his individual experiences.
17. Your teacher is of the opinion that the world and e verything in it are ever changing and so teaches y ou the skill to cope
with the changes. Which in his go verning philosophy?
A. Experimentalism C. Idealism
B. Existentialism D. Realism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Experimentalism. Experimentalism belie ves that things ar e constantly changing. It is based on the
view that reality is what works right now and that goodness comes fr om group decisions. As a result, schools exist t o
discover and expand the society we liv e in. Students study social experiences and solv e problems.
18. Principal C shar es this thought with his teachers: "Subject matter should help students understand and appr eciate
themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, f eelings, and actions." From
which philosophy is this thought
based? / Teacher V teaches her students t o appreciate themselv es as unique individuals and ar e
to accept the responsibility to their feelings, actions and thoughts. She upholds the philosophy of
.
A. Perennialism C. Existentialism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Existentialism. Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity of se lfhood
and proclaims man’s freedom in the accompl ishment of his destiny .
19. Teacher H class is engage in pr oblem solving activity which in a wa y is a reflection of the personal and social
experiences. The purpose of this activity is for the students t o acquire the skills that can h elp them in solving their own
real-life problems. What philosophy can best describe this?
A. Realism C. Pr ogressivism
B. Idealism D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Progressivism. Progressivism connotes gr owth and development. In this manner learning comes
best when things ar e being experienced, that is learning b y doing
things. It involves participation of the student s and allows them t o exercise freedom.
20. In the Social Science class of T eacher G, students identify the v arious social and econ omic problems that require
urgent solutions. The y not only discuss the w ays to address it but also agr eed to participate in solving them. What kind of
urgent solutions. The y not only discuss the w ays to address it but also agr eed to participate in solving them. What kind of
philosophy does this class uphold?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Constructivism D. Reconstructivism
RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Rec onstructivism co vers the underlying fact ors that constitute r eality or society.
In this regard, students are encourage to become involved in the problems whether political, social, or economical that
confront the society and be able t o arrive at solutions in order to reconstruct society.
21. A curriculum should only include those that ha ve survived the test of time and combine the symbols of liter ature,
history, and mathematics. Thus, curriculum lik e this contains v alues that are constant and univ ersal. What philosophy
describes this kind of curriculum?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism maintains that education inv olves confronting the problems and
questions that ha ve challenged people o ver the centuries. Thus ther e is a need to study classical tr adition of great books.
22. Who among the following puts mor e emphasis on cor e requirements, longer school da y, longer academic y ear and
more challenging textbooks?
A. Perennialist C. Progressivist
B. Essentialist D. Existentialist
RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialist. Essentialism is an educational theor y rooted in classical r ealism and idealism which
advocates curricular r eform stressing the essentials of the basics lik e the 3R's.
23. “Education is a continuous pr ocess of experiencing and of visiting or r eorganizing
experiences “according to a Progressivist. What does it mean?
A. Education begins and ends in school.
B. Education takes place anytime and anywher e. C. Education happens formally and inform ally.
D. Education goes on thr oughout life.
RATIONALIZATION: D. Education goes on thr oughout life. Progressivism connotes gr owth and development. It is an activ e
form of philosophy for it continues t o evolve.
24. Mr. Cruz exemplifies an ideal teacher and son. He is competent in his field based on the v arious recognitions that he
received from his school. As a dutiful son, he assumes all the r esponsibilities of r aising his family (this includes his
parents, siblings, and their own families) – giving all their needs and wants. The fulfilment of these is the neglect of the
responsibilities to himself. This attitude of Mr . Cruz is against what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Pr agmatism
B. Constructivism D. Humanism
RATIONALIZATION: D. Humanism. Humanism stresses personal cultur e, individual freedom, and development (the best
way towards full and rich liv es).
25. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. A t the end of the school y ear, he used
all his savings in visiting places rich of cultur al heritages rather than of buying expensiv e clothes, jeweller y, and latest
gadgets. Favoring the former action o ver the latter exhibits that Teacher R follows what ki nd of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Beha viorism
B. Essentialism D. Progressivism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism. Existentialism is a philosophy that giv es a person the fr eedom to choose. It is a
philosophy of subjectivity .
26. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in the bank. A t the end of the school y ear, he used
all his savings in visiting places rich of cultur al heritages rather than of buying expensiv e clothes, jeweller y, and latest
gadgets. This shows that T eacher R is an adv ocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Pragmatism C. Natur alism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Perennialism. Perennialism views education as a r ecurring process based on eternal truths. Good
education involves a search for and understa nding of truth which can all be found in the gr eat works of civilization.
27. Teacher X rates the art work of her students not just on the merit of its appeal t o the senses but also considers its
uniqueness and the r esponsibility that e very student has given in accomplishing the task. This pr actice shows how
Teacher X upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Reconstructivism D . Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: D. Existentialism. Concei ves philosophy as something that is f elt by an individual because it’ s
concrete in itself or based on what is concr ete. There is also personal inv olvement in this kind of philosophy .
28. In line with the philosophy of Reconstructivism, which of the following should be giv en emphasis in teaching?
A. To seek a better position in the society
B. To compare oneself with the less for tunate
C. To become economically self-r eliant
D. To designate one’s superiority over the others
RATIONALIZATION: C. To become economically self-r eliant. Reconstructivism aims t o achieve social changes. This is a
philosophy that entails the identification of social pr oblems, finding solutions for this and be a par t of the solution.
29. Joining organizations or clubs in school is r equisite to granting of academic distinction under DECS Or der No. 65, s.
1998. This shows school community connection r eflected in activities gear ed towards society's needs. What philosophy is
related to this? / Activities planned b y
school clubs or or ganizations show school-community connection gear ed towards society's needs. What philosophy is
related to this?
A. Realism C. Existentialism
B. Progressivism D. Reconstructivism
RATIONALIZATION: D. Reconstructivism. Rec onstructivism aims t o achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that
entails the identification of social pr oblems, finding solutions for this and be a par t of the solution.
30. Increase of time allotment in English, Math and Science in the Elementar y level under the New Elementar y School
Curriculum (NESC ) as provided in DECS Or der No. 1, s. 1993 contributes in the cultur ation of basic liter acy by providing the
needed essential skills. The r elated philosophy is .
A. Realism C. Idealism
B. Essentialism D. Perennialism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Essentialism. Essentialism is an educational theor y rooted in classical r ealism and idealism which
advocates curricular r eform stressing the essentials of the basics lik e the 3R's.
31. Teacher A believes that the learner is the pr oduct of his envir onment. Sometimes he has no choice. He/she is
determined by his environment.
A. Rationalist C. Existentialist
B. Behaviorist D. Progressivist
RATIONALIZATION: B. Behaviorist. A behaviourist believes that human beha viour can be best explained in terms of
responses to external stimuli. Also, education can be best achie ved by modifying or chang ing student beha viours in a
socially acceptable manner thr ough the arrangement of the conditions for learning. The contr ol is obtained not b y
manipulating the individual, but the envir onment.
32. The curriculum is viewed as a means of de veloping desirable habits. It is r ecommended that the way /means to form
these habits is thr ough the master y of organized subject matter. Which philosophy is behind this educational view?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Pragmatism
RATIONALIZATION: C. Realism. This educativ e process is viewed mainly as the tr ansmission of information and
knowledge. The curriculum has the function of forming the body and this interr elationship gives rise to the dictum "sound
mind in a sound body."
33. Teachers in school per form the role and responsibility of par ents in the development and education of the child. This
stems from the belief that the home is the primar y agency in the education of the individual. Thus, teachers ar e regarded
as surrogate parents along the loco par entis principle. Which philosophy espouses this view of education?
A. Pragmatism C. Idealism
B. Naturalism D. Realism
RATIONALIZATION: B. Naturalism - the school is seen as the extension of home and teach ers are deemed "surrogate
parents".
34. This philosophy belie ves that students need a passionate encounter with the positiv e and negative phases of life like
the joy and agony of lo ve, desirability of life, the inevitability of death, the anguish of fr eedom and the consequences of
choices and actions. Which philosophy adv ocates this view in education?
A. Existentialism C. Essentialism
B. Perennialism D. Realism
RATIONALIZATION: A. Existentialism - it is a modern school of thought that gr ew out of the thoughts of E uropean
philosophers , par ticularly from Soren Kierkegaard, who believes that the central problem humanity is facing is the ability
to cope with its existence.