18 ​Proceedings of the 2019 World Water Day National

Seminar
Palembang 21 March 2019
e-ISSN: 2621-7469Self-

Minimizing River Water Pollution Through Institutional

Development ofManagement Waste Management in the City
of Palembang

Agung Bahari​1​, Samsul Bakri​2 *)​, Dewi Agustina

Iryani​3

1​
Student of Science Unila Environment, 2​​ Lecturers of Environmental
3​
Sciences and
​ Unila Forestry Masters, ​ Lecturers of Environmental Sciences
Unila.

* Correspondence Address: Multidisciplinary Master Program in

Environmental Sciences Jl. Prof. Dr. Soemantri No.1 Bandar
Lampung 35145 Tel. Email ​: ​samsul.bakri442@gmail.com ​Tel:
082280131818 - 081540877546

ABSTRACT ​Garbage is a problem that is often faced in

densely populated settlements. It happens due to the lack of garbage
management capabilities compared to the quantity of the garbage. This
situation is aggravated by community habits that throw the garbage on to the
rivers. It causes pollution especially water pollution in the rivers. To reduce
river water pollution, especially in the city of Palembang, a strategy is needed
to minimize the level of pollution through the institutional aspects of
self-managed household waste management. The strategy for developing
waste management is based on consideration of internal factors and external
factors. This program is started from government by lending funds and facilities
to form a self-managed waste management institution, providing waste
management training, active community participation on garbage levies and
individual garbage banks, make regulations related to disposing the garbage
and implementing the community participation system.
Keywords: ​Garbage, Settlement, Management, Institutional,
SWOT

ABSTRACT ​Garbage is a problem that is often

faced, especially in densely populated settlements with low environmental
quality due to lack of ability to manage waste compared to the quantity of
waste that must be managed. The impact of poor waste management causes
pollution to the settlement environment including water pollution in rivers,
where people are still reluctant to dispose of garbage in its place. To reduce
river water pollution, especially in the city of Palembang, a strategy is needed
that can minimize the level of pollution through institutional aspects of
self-managed household waste management with a ball pick up system
where the waste management development strategy is based on
consideration of internal and external factors, starting with
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2019
Palembang 21 March 2019
e-ISSN: 2621-7469

the role of government by providing loan funds and means to form institutions
for managing self-managed waste management, providing training on waste
management management, active role of the community through waste
retribution and individual waste banks, forming joint regulations related ban
on littering and implementing a ball pickup system.

Keywords: ​Waste, Settlements, Management, Institutions, SWOT

INTRODUCTION

Solid waste problems in densely populated settlements are crucial problems

due to the level of waste management capability that is lower than the
quantity of waste that must be managed. Waste as solid waste is considered
to be useless and 90% (ninety percent) of total waste production in Indonesia
has not undergone a recycling process due to the culture of littering (NGI,
2011).
Statistics show that Indonesia's waste in 2012 reached 38.5 million tons per
year throughout Indonesia, in addition it was reinforced by the Ministry of
 Environment that the average population of Indonesia produces about 2.5
liters of waste per day or 625 million liters of the total population . This
condition will continue to grow in accordance with environmental conditions
(Suryani, 2014). Poor waste management causes pollution to environmental
health, especially pollution to river waters, if waste is managed properly, then
the negative impact of waste can be minimized, especially reducing pollution
in water and even produce high economic value. Solid waste management in
big cities such as the city of Palembang has not been able to offer the right
solution in overcoming the problem of waste, this is seen not functioning
optimally and frequent changes in the function of temporary landfills
(Prapanca, 2006).
Musi River is a river that is the source of dozens of large rivers and small rivers
spread in various other regions with a length of about 720 kilometers across
Palembang City (Windusari and Sari, 2015). Industrial activities such as
mining, plantations, agriculture, household activities, and natural activities that
enter river waters certainly affect aquatic biota and health. (Windusari and
Sari, 2015). To reduce river water pollution, especially in the city of
Palembang, especially in Kemang Agung and 11 ulu, a strategy is needed
that can minimize the level of water pollution in settlements.
The results of the field review are the limited supply of solid waste facilities and
infrastructure in Kemang Agung and 11 Ulu Sub-Districts, which is an
obstacle, causing waste to not be transported and waste generation both in
the corner of settlements and river basins.
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The problems mentioned above, especially in Kemang and 11 Ulu Kelurahan are
the existing institutional systems that are currently felt to be not optimal, so
that the number of household waste heaps in the neighborhood is disposed of
in any place, if these conditions are left alone it will result in a decrease in the
quality of the environment especially on public health. Therefore it is
necessary to have a study on the strategy for developing solid waste
management in Kemang and 11 Ulu sub-districts in order to integrate through
community participation into institutional aspects in household waste
management.
 Research
Objectives

The purpose of this study is to to reduce the level of water pollution in the
slums of Palembang through institutional strategy perngembangan waste
management self-management

Scope of the Study

The research location is situated in a slum in Sub Kemang Agung subdistrict

Kertapati and Village 11 Ulu District of Seberang Ulu II Palembang City. The
research will be carried out in 27 neighborhood units (RT) in Kemang Agung
Village and 17 RTs in RT 11 in Ulu that have been identified in the 2016 SIAP
documents. Determination and determination of research locations are based
on the consideration that the two regions are included in the Mayor's Decree.
Location of Slums.

Source: researchers'
processed results

Figure 1. ​Administrative Map of Kemang Agung Village and 11 Ulu Village

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ​Approach research approach to

 developing waste management in the Kemang Agung Kelurahan and
Kelurahan 11 Ulu uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive. Descriptive
statistical analysis techniques of frequency analysis, and SWOT analysis
(Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats).
SWOT is one of the analysis techniques used to identify potentials and
problems (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges) in an area /
area of ​development. Aspects of strengths and weaknesses are more
directed at the potential and problems possessed by internal factors, while
opportunities and challenges come from outside the area of ​development of
external factors. SWOT analysis both qualitative and quantitative approaches
are greatly influenced by the ability of the team or ​stakeholders i​ n gathering
information and analyzing the situation both internal and external (Sumpeno,
2011).
Descriptive frequency analysis to describe the characteristics of respondents
as a whole based on variables that have been determined in this study, the
results will be quantified through the frequency distribution table with the help
ofprogram ​SPSS ​18, the purpose of frequency descriptive analysis is to
describe, assess and produce internal and external factors.
Respondents sampled in the study This consists of 2 (two) taking processes
based on the level of importance, the first respondent to identify problems that
exist in the study area consisting of the head of the household, the head of
the neighborhood (RT), the head of the neighborhood (RW). Sampling
method based on SNI 19-3964-1994 concerning Measurement of the Arising
and Composition of Urban Waste. The selection of household respondents
was carried out using​stratified random sampling techniques.​
The variables in this study are divided into 2 (two) groups, the first group is
based on respondents from the Head of the Family (KK) with the observation
component covering the profile of the household head, household waste
management and perceptions about community participation. The second
group was based on respondents from the RT / RW / Lurah chairperson with
the observation component covering the profile and waste management.

Table 1. Research Variables Characteristics of

Respondents
General Characteristics Variable Data Sources
 Ability to

Waste
Profile of Head
of Family (KK) and
ge 2. Gender 3. Last Survey and
cation 4. Occupation of Survey
d of Household 5.
upation of Housewife 6. Field/ Field
me 7. Number of Family Questionnaire
bers 8. Status of Home / Questionnaire

1. Purpose and Benefits

of
Waste Management with 3R
principles
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Characteristics of Respondents Based on Knowledge
2. Benefits of Waste Management
by Principle 3. Types of Waste That Can Be
Composted Fertilizers 4. Benefits of Compost Fertilizers 5. Types of Waste that are
Difficult to Decompose 6. Impact of Waste Piles Left by
Questionnaire
Source: Author Identification Results, 2018
aND DISCUSSION
RESULTSAssessment Urgency Level Respondents Against Internal and External
factors Kemang Village Court
Result Pénil Respondents' level of urgency of the most important and influential internal
factors in determining the formulation of Institutional Development Strategy for Solid
Waste Management consists of 3 (three) strengths and 3 (three) Weaknesses. First, the
research location is a priority area for handling slums from the Ministry of Public Works
with a level of urgency of 22% (twenty two percent), Secondly the Palembang City
Government mutual cooperation program with an urgency level of 18% (eighteen
percent) and Third, easy accessibility at the site research with an importance level of
14% (fourteen percent).
Weaknesses that can hinder the achievement of research objectives, First are the not
yet optimal quality and quantity of solid waste facilities and infrastructure as well as the
limited funding budget from the government for waste management allocation with a
level of urgency of 16% (sixteen percent) each, Third is not yet optimal institutional
waste management institutions self-managed ladder with a level of urgency of 15%
(fifteen percent). General description of respondent's assessment of the urgency of
interest in formulating the strategy presented in Table 1
Table 1. ​Respondents Assessment of Urgency Rank Internal Factors
Urgency Value BF
No Internal and External Factors ​

1 2 3 4 5 6 (%)
​ Strength (S)
1
7 9 6 6 6 0.22 ​
Priority area of ​Ministry Program ​ 2 There is Mutual Assistance Program 8 8 7 7 7
0.18 3 Accessibility Easy to Achieve 6 8 6 4 4 0.14
Weaknesses (W)
4
7 8 5 5 5 0 , 15
Not Optimal Institution for Household Waste Management ​
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Urgency Value BF
No Internal and External Factors ​

1 2 3 4 5 6 (%)
​ ​5
Not Optimal Quality & Quantity of Solid Waste Facilities and Infrastructure
8 8 6 5 6 0.16
6
8 8 4 6 7 0.16
Limited Funding for solid waste management program activities ​
Source: ​Results of Analysis, 2018
Threats that can hinder success in formulating the Institutional Development Strategy
for Solid Waste Management, First the community culture in disposing waste
management. effluent to the river is still high with an urgency level of 18% (eighteen
percent), Second, community concern in sorting household waste according to its type
is still low with an urgency level of 15% (fifteen percent), Third, the lack of socialization
of government counseling to the community in managing household waste ladder with a
level of urgency of 13% (thirteen percent). General description of respondents
'assessment of the urgency of interest in formulating the strategy presented in table 2.
Table 2. ​Respondents' Assessment of Urgency Level External
Urgency Value BF
Factors No External Factors ​
1 2 3 4 5 6 (%)
​ Opportunity (O)
1
Some of the Community has sufficient knowledge great importance related to the benefits of
managing waste
8 9 8 7 6 0.18
2
There is support from the city of Palembang in Waste Management with the principle of 3R
8 9 8 7 5 0.17
Waste Disposal Site
3​
9 8 8 9 9 0.20
(TPS) ​
Threat (T)
Community awareness in
4​
sorting household waste according to its type is still low
7 6 8 7 5 0.15
5
Community culture in disposing waste to the river is still high
8 8 8 8 6 0.18
Less optimalsocialization ​
6​ Governmentthrough counseling management household waste
5 5 6 6 6 0.13
Source: ​Analysis Results, 2018
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Determination of Respondent Assessment Results on Inter Success nal and
External Kemang Agung Kelurahan
Determination of Key Success Factors (FKK) and Factor Weighting Values ​(BF) as the
basis for developing the institutional development strategy for waste management in
Kemang Agung Kelurahan based on the highest value. After the results of the
importance level assessment (Urgency) are obtained, then proceed with inputting the
data into a combined table of key success factors analysis. Keys to success in
designing strategies are presented in Table 5.
Table 5. ​Keys to Success in Designing Strategies
INTERNAL FACTORS ​No Strengths (S) No Weaknesses (W)
1 Priority Areas forPrograms
Ministry
1 Not Optimal Quality & Quantity of Solid Facilities and Infrastructure 2 Availability of
Mutual Assistance Programs 2 Lack of Budget
for Waste Management Funding
EXTERNAL FACTORS ​No Opportunity (O) No Threat (T)
1 Waste Disposal Site
(TPS)
1 Community culture in
disposing garbage to the river is still high 2 Community Still Has
Knowledge Related to the Importance of Waste Management
2 Community concern in
sorting waste households according to type are still low Source: ​Results of Swot
Analysis, 2018
The key success factors that have been determined, then compare between the
selected key success factors into the quadrant matrix, whether the position of the
strength of internal factors and external factors that exist in the study site as a basis for
designing strategies waste management han in Kelurahan Kemang Agung is in a state
of development, survival or change of plans. Based on the results of the analysis
indicate the position of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in preparing
the Waste Management Institution Strategy in the Kemang Agung village, the results of
the analysis are in Quadrant I with a very strong position and have a great opportunity
to develop, making it possible to expand or enlarge the development plan and reach the
maximum level of progress. General description of the strength map of the results
mentioned above is presented in Figure 6

Figure 6​. Map of Organizational

Strengths
 of Institutional Development Strategies for Solid Waste
Management

Based on the results of the analysis of the position of strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities and threats in developing a self-managed Waste Management
Institution Strategy in Kelurahan Kemang Agung in order to minimize pollution
of river water especially in slums, each of them is in quadrant I means the
position is very strong have the same great opportunity to develop to carry out
the plans that have been set, namely: 1. Institutional Management Strategy of
Waste Management in a self-managed in Kelurahan Kemang Agung a.
Leveraging strength to seize opportunities
For the realization of the formulation of Institutional Development Strategy for
Solid Waste Management by utilizing waste disposal facilities and prioritizing
programs for handling slums from the housing and settlements ministry,
strategies that can be achieved through loan assistance to form institutions
for managing self-management and managing waste management in
managing waste by self-management a. Correcting Weaknesses to support
opportunities The
limited budget for waste management funding is a weakness that is the basis
for obstacles in forming a waste management institution. The strategy that
can be applied is to provide assistance in the form of waste facilities in the
form of wagons and motorbike garbage assistance is the basic capital. But
the strategy to fix the weaknesses mentioned above can be supported
through opportunities that exist where the communities in the two Kelurahan
still have knowledge related to the importance of
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26 ​Proceedings of the World Water Day National
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waste management, therefore a strategy that can be utilized is the existence

of a voluntary role of the community to provide waste fees every month
according to their respective abilities with the aim of improving the quality of
the environment from the threat of pollution a. Leveraging Strengths to
Overcome the Threat
 of Kemang Agung Kelurahan is a priority area for handling slums from the
Ministry of Housing and Settlements, these strengths can be utilized through
establishing joint regulations established by the community and for
communities facilitated and supervised by the local government regarding the
prohibition of littering, especially in the river. , where regulations are based on
the cultural characteristics of the community still throwing garbage into the
river is still high. The strategy that can be implemented is the ball pick-up
system, which is collecting trash by institutional officers from each
participating house by paying monthly garbage distribution. The existence of
this joint regulation is the community to contribute to maintaining the quality of
the residential environment.

a. Minimizing Weaknesses to correct Threats

To minimize weaknesses related to the Optimal Quality and Quantity of Solid
Waste Facilities and Infrastructure as a basis for formulating the Institutional
Development Strategy for Solid Waste Management in Kemang Agung
Village. The strategy that minimizes the weaknesses mentioned above is to
provide garbage bags by self-managed institutions. So that these
weaknesses are not hampered by threats in the form of a limited budget for
waste management funding, a strategy that can be implemented through the
provision of space between houses to create mini waste banks in each yard
facilitated by established institutions

a. Results of Respondents 'Assessment of the Urgency Level of Internal

and External Factors in Kelurahan 11 Ulu

The results of respondents' assessment of the urgency level of the most

important and influential internal factors in determining the formulation of
Institutional Development Strategy for Solid Waste Management consist of 3
(three) strengths and 3 (three) Weaknesses. First, the research location is a
priority area for handling slums from the Ministry of Public Works with a level
of urgency of 23.3% (twenty three point three percent, Secondly the
Palembang City Government mutual cooperation program with an urgency
level of 16.6% (sixteen point six percent ) and Third, easy accessibility at the
research location with a level of urgency of 14% (fourteen percent)
Weaknesses that can hinder the achievement of research objectives, First, the
quality and quantity of waste facilities and infrastructure have not been
optimal with a level of urgency of 15.9% (fifteen commas) nine percent),
 Second, the lack of government funding budget for waste management
allocation with a level of urgency of 15.5% (five
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twelve point five percent), Third the current lack of optimal institutional waste
management with the level of urgency sar 14.7% (fourteen point seven percent).
General description of respondent's assessment of the urgency of interest in formulating
the strategy presented in table 6
Table 6. ​Respondents Evaluation of Urgency Level Internal Factors
Urgency Value BF (%)
No Internal Factors ​
1 2 3 4 5 6 Strength (S)
1
Is a priority area for handling slums Ministry of Public Works program
8 9 7 7 7 36,5 0,233
2
The existence of a mutual cooperation program to clean rubbish between RTs is carried
out every Sunday by the Mayor of Palembang
7 8 6 6 6 26 0,166
3 Accessibility easily achieved 6 8 6 4 4 22 0.140
Weaknesses (W )
1
Not optimal institutions that manage household solid waste house waste
8 8 5 5 5 23 0.147
2
Not optimal quality and quantity of solid waste facilities and infrastructure
8 8 6 5 6 25 0.159
3
Lack of government funding budget for waste management
8 7 4 6 7 24.3 0,155
Source: ​Results of Analysis, 2018
External factors to determine success in formulating institutional development strategies
for waste management in the Kelurahan 11 Ulu consists of Opportunities and Threats.
Based on the respondent's evaluation of 3 (three) opportunities to achieve success, that
is, firstly the public's knowledge is still high on the importance of the benefits in
managing household waste with an urgency level of 20.8% (twenty point eight percent),
Secondly the involvement of figures in implementing the mutual cooperation program
with the level the urgency is 18.8% (eighteen point eight percent), Third is the support
from the Palembang City government related to the management of household waste
with the 3R principle with an urgency level of 16.1% (sixteen point one percent)
Threats that can hinder success in formulating a Development Strategy Solid Waste
Management Institution, First the community culture in disposing garbage into the river
is still high with an urgency level of 16.1% (sixteen point one percent), Second Concern
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community in sorting ladder trash accordingly the type is still low with a level of urgency
of 15% (fifteen percent), Thirdly the lack of socialization of government extension to the
community in managing household waste with an urgency level of 13.3% (thirteen point
three percent). General description of respondent's assessment of the urgency of
interest in formulating the strategy presented in table 7
Table 7. ​Respondents Assessment of Urgency Level External Factors
Urgency Value BF NF (%)
No External Factors ​
1 2 3 4 5 6 Opportunities (O)
1 The
community has knowledge about the importance of benefits in managing household
waste
8 9 8 7 6 37.7 0,208
2
There is support from the Palembang City government related to household waste
management with the principle of 3R
8 9 8 7 5 28.7 0.161
3
Involvement of community leaders especially all RT heads in implementing the gotong
program mutual cooperation is still high
9 8 8 9 9 34 0,188
Community awareness in ​
Threat (T) 1 ​ sorting household waste according to species is
still low
7 7 8 7 5 27 0,150
2
Community culture in disposing garbage into the river is still high
8 8 7 8 6 29 0,161
3
Lack of public outreach socialization to the community in household waste management
5 5 6 6 6 24 0.133
Source: ​Analysis Results, 2018
Determination of Respondent Assessment Results Towards the Internal and
External Success of Ulu II Village
Determination of Key Success Factors (FKK) and Factor Weight Value (BF) as the
basis for developing the institutional development strategy for waste management in Ulu
11 Village based on the highest value. After the results of the importance level
assessment (Urgency) are obtained, then proceed with inputting the data into a
combined table of key success factors analysis. The combined general overview priority
factor as a key success factor presented in Table 8
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Table 8. ​Key Success In Designing Strategies
INTERNAL FACTORS ​No ​Strengths (S) ​No ​Weakness ( W)
1 Program of the Mutual Cooperation by
the City Government of Palembang
1 Not Optimally Quality &
Quantity Infrastructures in Waste 2 priority areas Program
Ministry of
2 Not Optimal Institutional
Management of Household Waste ​EXTERNAL FACTORS ​No ​Opportunity (O) ​No ​Threats (T)
1 involvement of Community Leaders
in implementing mutual cooperation program is still high
1 Community awareness in
sorting household waste according to its type is still low 2 Community Still Has
Knowledge Regarding the Importance of Waste Management
2 Community culture in
disposing garbage into the river is still high ​Source: ​Results of Swot Analysis, 2018
Key success factors that have been determined , then compare between factors the key
to success chosen into the quadrant matrix is ​whether the position of internal and
external factors as a basis for designing waste management strategies in Kelurahan 11
Ulu is in a state of development, survival or changing plans.
Based on the analysis of the position of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats in preparing the Waste Management Institution Strategy in Kelurahan 11 Ulu, is
in Quadrant I with a very strong position and has an equal opportunity to develop, so
that it is possible to carry out plans that are more directed towards development with a
level of progress maximally. General description of the strength map of the results
mentioned above is presented in Figure 7
Figure 7​. Map of Organizational Strength
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-managed Institutional Management Strategy in Kelurahan II Ulu ​a.

 Utilizing the power to seize opportunities The
realization of the formulation of Institutional Development Strategy for Solid
Waste Management by utilizing the Mutual Cooperation Program of the
Municipal Government of Palembang City and the Ministry Program related to
the priority handling of slums to achieve opportunities for community
involvement in implementing the mutual cooperation program and the
community still has knowledge related to the importance of waste
management. the strategy that can be developed is the existence of
socialization and periodic discussion related to the importance of
environmental health in addition to being accompanied by providing Loan
allocation Funds to form institutions for managing domestic waste
management. b. Correcting Weaknesses to support opportunities

Not yet Optimal Quality and Quantity of Waste Facilities and Infrastructure and
Institutional Management of Household Waste are the basis for hindering
plans to form a waste management institution in Ulu II Village, so to correct
the weaknesses mentioned above to support community involvement in
implementing the mutual cooperation program and utilizing public knowledge
related to the importance of waste management Strategies that can be
applied are to provide assistance in the form of waste facilities in the form of
wagons and motorbikes. This assistance is the basic capital accompanied by
the role of the community to provide land in the yard as a mini waste bank
facilitated by a self-managed organization. c. Managing Strengths to
overcome Threats
The existence of mutual assistance program activities in Kelurahan II Ulu
accompanied by priority areas for handling slums from the Ministry of Housing
and Settlements, is a force to overcome threats, where public concern in
sorting household waste in Ulul II Village according to its type is still low and
the culture of the community in disposing garbage into the river is still high to
overcome threats by utilizing opportunities, the strategy that can be utilized is
to form a joint regulation formed by the community and for the community
which is facilitated and monitored by the local government regarding the
prohibition of littering especially in the river and the pickup system method
ball, which is collecting garbage by institutional officers from each
participating house by paying the distribution of garbage every month.

d. Minimize Weaknesses to fix Threats

To minimize weaknesses related to the Optimal Quality and Quantity of Waste
Facilities and Infrastructure and Institutional Management of Household
 Waste in Ulu II Village as a basis for formulating the Institutional Development
Strategy for Solid Waste Management in Kemang Agung Village. So that
these weaknesses are not hampered by threats, the strategy that can be
utilized is to provide garbage bags by self-managed institutions and provide a
place in
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individuals to create a mini waste bank in each yard facilitated by an

established institution. ​CONCLUSION

Institutional Development Strategy for Solid Waste Management in 11 Ulu and

Kemang Agung Villages is based on the key success factors in order to
minimize the level of water pollution in rivers, especially in the slum areas of
Palembang City, as follows:
1. Regular socialization and discussion related to the importance ofhealth
environmental. 2. The Government Provides Initial Funding Funds for allocation to
form an institution for managing waste management and the making of
Garbage Banks in Each Kelurahan. 3. Providing waste facility assistance
in the form of wagons and
motorbikes. 4. There needs to be a role for the community or community
empowerment in
waste management 5. There is a joint regulation established by the community
facilitated by the government related to the prohibition of disposing of
garbage in the form of social or administrative sanctions 6. Implementing
a garbage bank system and providing rewards for the community
who collect garbage to the bank Garbage 7. Providing garbage bags byinstitutions
self-managedto the community to sort waste. 8. Provide an individual place to
make mini garbage bins
facilitated by the established institutions.

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