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CHAPTER 1
the attitude and academic performance of the student that are being
a problem that affects all students, either bullies or victims, and those
it reaches its peak in the basic phase stage. It continues in higher basic
schools’ students and it contributes in the belief that some schools are
become not safe anymore (Maliki et al., 2009). Shahria et al. (2015)
settings in all parts of the world. They found that bullying has negative
by students.
Research Questions
High School
a. Sex
b. Age
the students?
from the said school. The study will aim to determine the relationship of
also includes the profile of the students in terms of their sex and age.
The result and findings of this study about the relation of bullying
benefit certain groups and the benefits they may be able to gain are as
follows:
Students- this study will help them to become aware in the effects
who are being bullied. This group may use this study as an example to
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bear in their mind they are more luckier than those who are bullied even
learn by their parents, thus will challenge to them and enabling them to
problem which is bullying and it will serve as the basis how will they
can help more the student victim to boost their self-esteem and self-
confidence.
the sick of our society, they will become delinquent, they have a
this study what are the behaviour development of out of school youth
To all the parent- so that the parents will be able to know that
bullying to bring them in a state that they can be proud to be the parents
CHAPTER 2
Related Literature
“sweetheart,” applied to either sex, from the Dutch boel “lover, brother,”
uncertain origin (compare with the German buhle “lover”). The meaning
was one sense of bully (though not specifically attested until 1706). The
parents and guardians, and authority figures ( Whitted, K.S. & Dupper,
D.R. 2005). It is only in recent years that bullying has been recognised
and recorded as a separate and distinct offence, but there have been well
documented cases that have been recorded over the centuries. The Fifth
Law Library) contains at least one example where Eton Scholars George
Aylesbury Assizes, with killing and slaying the Hon. F. Ashley Cooper
8
2003).
bully and the victim. Studies have shown that the boys identified as
bullies in middle school were four times as likely as their peers to have
Effects on the victim: The stress from being bullied can create
school, riding the bus, using the bathroom, or being alone in the hallway.
This fear and anxiety can make difficult for the student to focus and
suicidal thoughts. There are many theories on what causes violent and/or
rules, idealization of violence, and the ability to talk their way out of
difficult situations.
most common form of bullying between girls. This form of girl on girl
begin as early grade school, but probably peaks in junior high. It entails
social location, vicious lies and rumors, and constant harassment. This
devastating for the victim. The bully in this situation is generally very
adults. This girl usually has a clique of girls at her beck and call eager to
Local Literature
person.
“exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or
to get attention. They may bully out of jealousy or be acting out because they
U.S National Center for Education Statistics suggests that bullying can be
refusing to socialize with the victim, bullying other people who wish to
socialize with the victim, and criticizing the victims manner of dress and other
victim, saying certain words that trigger a reaction from past even, and
mocking. The UK based children’s charity, Act Against Bullying, was set up
Foreign Literature
somebody else. Piskin (2003:556) further explains that the bullying can be
state that there is very little doubt amongst researchers that bullying has serious
Rigby (2003:584) agrees with the latter mentioned authors, but further speaks
two outcomes and includes high levels of anxiety and depression as well as
suicidal thoughts.
There has also been evidence that bullying in the United States has been
(1996:57) recognizes that there are many interrelated factors that contribute to
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probable.
terms of how the individuals internalized the negative events to allow them to
victimization (PV) and peer rejection (PR) affect emotional, behavioural and
academic adjustment of the early adolescent and concluded that there are links
state that the need is for a greater understanding of how PV and PR are
experienced and internalized by youth (Lopez & Du Bois, 2005:32). There was
a need for the research as the researcher deemed it necessary to look at PV and
PR as part of bullying and how these phenomena impact the various aspects of
the sense of self, which is different to the research already completed which
looked specifically at two aspects of bullying and the effect it had on various
a behaviour which is repeated over time and that it can either be carried out by
power (an asymmetric power relationship). A once off verbal insult from one
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not been a repetitive behaviour and if two students of similar strength (both
(2000:1) agree with Olweus by mentioning that the bully targets the victim a
number of times and that the victim cannot defend himself easily. Piskin
(2003:556) also states that bullying is not just specific behaviours but often a
lack of behaviour (for example excluding a child from the group is not an
action but lack thereof which has an effect on the child). Coloroso (2003:20)
writes about ‘contempt’ to explain bullying behaviour. The author explains the
is that there are generally three characters involved in the bully problem: there
is the bully, the bullied and the bystander (Coloroso, 2003:3). During the
study, the researcher focused specifically on the bullied child and not on the
students. Losel and Bliesener as quoted by Piskin (2003:558) state that the
form of bullying changes from the younger years to the older years. During the
children the bullying form changes to verbal and psychological. The researcher
was therefore interested in concentrating on the older children, those who have
them (Karcher, 2004:12). It is therefore clear that this is why bullying would
have such a negative effect on them, as this feeling of belonging and being
behaviour. Karcher (2004:13) mentions the fact that the youth, if they feel
valued and accepted by a particular group, will shape how involved and
concerned they will be with other groups and organizations. It has been the
researcher’s experience at School A that many learners are often not willing to
bullying is taking place, they are not going to feel motivated or committed to
Local Literature
“Bullies do not fit into a neat little box. They come from all walks of
lives, all ages, all genders, all races, and all cultures. “Bullies are very often
people who have been bullied or abused themselves. Sometimes they are
experiencing life situations they cannot cope with, that leave them feeling
helpless and out of control.” (TktTuder, 2000). Many times, a bully does not
feel that they can find any other means of fitting in or carving out their own
niche in life, so they turn to being powerful in a way that they feel brings them
respect. They feel that being feared is the way to gain respect and surround
themselves with friends and people who look up to them. However, what they
do not realize is that people are “friends” with them, so they do not become a
target of their bullying. It all comes down to fear. Another possibility of the
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reason being the bullying attitude is that they bully themselves feels that they
have no control in their lives. Maybe their home life is out of control and they
are not listened to or valued by their family. In order to compensate for the lack
of value at home the bully finds it in other places in inappropriate and unhealthy
ways. Even though these are all valid explanations sometimes the only
explanation is that the bully is a mean and cruel person who only feels good
when they can cause others harm. These types feel no remorse and rarely stop
bullying. This may be a pattern for their entire lives. The above-mentioned facts
on bullies have been widely accepted for many years, but new research proposes
used to believe that bullies have low self-esteem and put down other people to
feel better about themselves. While many bullies are themselves bullied at home
or at school, new research shows that most bullies actually have excellent self-
esteem. Bullies usually have a sense of entitlement and superiority over others,
and lack compassion, impulse control and social skills.” (St.Clair, 2011).
Though there are different reasons behind the behavior of bullying, most
and cast blame for the bad things in their lives upon others. Though bullying is
a learned behavior, genetics can play a part. For instance, some people are more
predisposed to violence and aggression. However, not all people with these
tendencies become bullies. Some are able to find ways to take out their
aggression and anger in more manageable and healthy ways. It can be a simple
matter of nature versus nurture. Another commonality in bullies is that they are
attention seekers. Though the attention they receive is negative they still crave
The people in the bully’s life that also have an effect on their behavior.
On one side, the bully may have a family who does not care about the bully’s
behavior and may even encourage it because they are the same way towards
people. On the other hand, the bully’s parents may also be fearful of the bully
and feel afraid to stand up to them and show them how to change their behavior.
If the parents are fearful of doling out discipline to the bully then the bully learns
that they can get away with their behaviour since their own parents cannot even
stop their behaviour. When there is discipline from the parents it is usually not
consistent. “If his parents are in a good mood, the child gets away with bad
behaviour. If the same parent is under stress, he or she will take it out in angry
outbursts against the child. This child never internalizes rules of conduct or
Though anyone can become the target of a bully, there are some
choose a certain type of person to abuse. “There are many reasons how and why
bullies target others, and the reasons are consistent between cases.”(Bully
Online, 2006). People who are victims of bullying find themselves being bullied
unwarranted teasing and rumors, and tend to be more serious about important
things in life such as school or work. Most people who are targets of bullies
have something different about them. Maybe they wear thick glasses, dress
differently, or are painfully shy. Many are awkward in social situations and try
friends who can stick up for them (which is one reason that they bully feels that
they can abuse them.) and already have low self-esteem. Bullies also target
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those who appear to be vulnerable and the main theory is that they do this so
that there is little chance the person will stand up for themselves, making them
easy to abuse. “When bullied, they become visibly frightened, cry, or do not
have an appropriate response. That is just what the child who bullies wants; it
Bullying can, and often does, have lasting lifelong effect on the victim.
Being bullied effects the victim’s self-esteem which are even more significant
when the victim already has had self-esteem issues. Many victims need
counseling to come to grips with the bullying and to help rebuild their lives as
bullying can lead to depression, panic attacks, and physical ailments such as
ulcers. Children who are bullied often suffer academically due to the fact that
they fear going to school where the source of their stress resides. Some children
are so affected by bullying that they choose not to further their education due to
people who are bullied are so hurt by the cruel treatment that they contemplate
suicide and some actually attempt and succeed in taking their own lives. “There
pattern it creates in victims’ minds and personalities that can last their whole
life.”(Abel, 2010). It is common for children who are bullied to be the victim of
bullying in their adult lives as well since their self-esteem has been so devalued
and they cannot seem to find the courage to stop being a victim.
Another serious issue for the victims of bullying is that the friends that
they do have turn their back on the victim because they are afraid of being the
outcast or the target. This further alienates the victim from their normal world.
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Also, for some victims, being bullied is a whole other learning experience.
Sometimes the victim, out of anger and lack of control of their own lives, seek
out someone who is weaker than they are and target them; hence the victim turns
into the bully. These are all serious effects that can truly change the victim’s life
Though it may sound strange, there are actually negative effects from
bullies are twice as likely as their peers to have criminal convictions and four
can actually hate the way they treat their victims but somehow feel justified in
doing so since they are abused by others as well. This feeling tends to override
the feeling of empathy which makes for a psychological mess for the bully.
Feeling conflicted about their behavior is also a source of stress that makes them
want to bully more. If a bully is not stopped and treated then the chance of them
stopping and becoming a different and healthier person is very slim and their
behavior will continue into adulthood, affecting the type of life they lead.
Bullying does not have to be a reality that one must live with. If a person
Parents must take an active role in their child’s life and safety. If a parent knows
that their child is bullying, then they must take steps to stop this behavior. Going
to counseling can help get to the root of the issue and help the bully to change
getting an adult right away. The bystander effect (seeing bullying but being too
afraid to get involved) is no excuse and can cause further future damage to the
victim and the bully. Saying nothing is almost as bad as committing the bullying
acts itself.
in short or long term. She found that there are differences in relationship
have feel of fear from coming to school because they feel that they are unsafe;
have lower academic achievement in 9th grade and bullying impacts are larger
(2013) found that when students feel that bullying is a phenomenon in their
school, they feel that they are unsafe which reflected on less engaged in school
community. Therefore they have less motivation to do well at school and they
et al. (2012) indicated that bullying victims are weak, shy, and anxious. They
added that victims’ performance is poor in school and seek to avoid attending
absenteeism. Skapinakis et al. (2011) found that victims were more likely to
report suicidal thoughts than were bullies. Juvonen, et al. (2011) said that
indirect ways. So bullied student by his peers may become worried and afraid
students who are often subject to be bullied by their peers during school period
achievement in Latin America. They affirmed that students who have been
physically or verbally abused perform less. Marcela and Javier (2011) found
that; students who suffer from their peers aggression have lower performance
in reading and math than those who do not; and students who are in classrooms
with more physical or verbal violence perform are more worse than those in
less violent classroom settings. Konishi et al. (2010) found that school bullying
affects negatively academic achievement. Chaux et al. (2009) argued that ten
month.
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Skrzypiec (2008) found that third of students who had been seriously
which there is an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim that
Related Studies
Achievement
consisted of all schools’ teachers in Amman West Area (in Jordan). The
sample size consisted of 200 teachers selected from different schools from
coded and analyzed by using SPSS version 18. The research results indicated
that school bullying exists in all schools regardless if they are governmental or
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private ones. The study also concluded that school bullying affect student’s
either governmental or private one but with different levels. The search found
that school bullying affect academic achievement either for the victims who
suffer from these phenomena and in the same time it affects the bullies
themselves. The research suggested that teachers and the school management
have to take different measures for the purpose of reducing the bullying
and school management have to set some programs for bullies to mitigate the
school bullying.
concerns for students, parents, teachers, and school officials in the United
States of America and around the world (Hong and Espalage 2012, 311). It has
become a type of violence that threatens a young person’s wellbeing and more
especially in school.
This thesis project was aimed at studying and exploring the different
they are and the mental effects they are likely to have. After researching the
From the results its evident that bullying in whatever form has lasting
negative effects on the development of a person. The effects are not only
exhibited by the victim but also the bullies, symptoms for both will range from
awareness campaign to make the objectives known to the schools, parents, and
implement and evaluate the prevention program. Creating policies and rules,
creating a mission statement, code of conduct, school wide rules and a bullying
and/or affiliation related) were associated with bullying behavior among the
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study. The sample comprised 97 boys and 149 girls attending grades 7 and 8.
students across gender and grade/age. To find out forms and motives of
showed that in general boys were more involved in bullying than girls.
However, girls were more often to take part in calling names or teasing than
did boys, and no less than boys in isolating or shutting others out and physical
higher in grade eight than in grade seven for both boys and girls.
seven, but not for boys. However, among the eighth graders, neither proactive
girls, but not for boys. However, affiliation-related aggressiveness was a good
discussed.
26
encourage empathy towards the target student to reduce these behaviors, and
train-the-trainer.
empathy, and adherence to the program. Research reports that the impact of
effectiveness. Yet, the impact of the training on the trainer is rarely the focus
conducted to study its impact on the trainees. The results show the BADP
roles. Implications for future research are discussed and implications for
27
Bullying is a social phenomenon that has seen across the world and the
purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Teacher Bullying (TB)
and Peer Bullying (PB) on student’s Behavioral Engagement (BE) and to make
out the comparison between the public and private university students in
been used in this study. Questionnaire was distributed among the 400
University students. With the help of SPSS, linear regression analysis and
independent two sample t-tests have been used and results indicated that TB
and the impact was high in Public universities as compared to Private. Hence
the findings included that due to bullying students did not participate in the
class and did not follow the teachers’ instruction. The originality of the study
is that it focused on the behavioral aspect regarding bullying that was not very
previous studies were focused on the moral and psychological effects among
the schools and colleges students. This study is limited regarding the two
giving the preventive measure and by increasing the sample size of the study.
The literatures and studies are relevant to present the study wherein it
students and to further explain and support the present study to form an idea
and studies will help to answer research questions. The gathered information
on online sources, journals and books serves as support evidences and answer
the specific research questions. Based on the literatures and studies, most of
the authors discussed about the negative consequences of bullying that can
affect the attitude and the academic performance of the students. Bullying is
certain way to gain power over another person and to conquer territory. The
victim of bullying feel of aversion towards the social environment, for example
Conceptual Framework
discipline and productive output. He believes that over time, what was
a product or outcome for use within the systera, or outside of the system
important role in determining who among the students are being bullied
of age and sex. The input will also include the relationship of bullying
that will be used in obtaining the results of the study will show the step
about bullying
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Profile of the
participants:
Formulation, data Awareness
Age gathering, and about bullying
Sex validation of the Impact of
Relationship of bullying questionnaires. bullying in the
in the: Interpretation and academic
analysis of data attitude and
Attitude
gathered. academic
Academic
performance performance
FEEDBACK
31
Definition of Terms
Bullying- is the process of using aggressive behavior manifested by the use of force
or coercion to affect others, particularly when the behavior is habitual and involves an
imbalance power.
Attitude-something the way that you think and feel about it, especially when this
School-is a place where children are educated. You usually refer to this place as
school when you are talking about the time that children spend there and the activities
Bully- a person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those whom they perceive
as vulnerable.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
and data analysis for better understanding of research study that will be
Research Design
be conducted.
survey questionnaire was the most suitable method of data collection for
this research due to the nature of the study. The study will also describe
the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their sex and age.
be using the Slovin’s formula (n= N/ (1+Ne2) to get the sample size of
School.
Slovin’s Formula
n= N/ (1+Ne2)
n=336/18.4
n=182
CY GE
LE
If e= .05 then our sample size is 182. Thus, 46% must be males and 54%
MALE 84 46%
FEMALE 98 54%
respondents.
means of gathering the data. The data will be conducted in the selected
conducting the survey. After securing the approval, the researchers will
of Cauayan City National High school. The gathered data from the
respondents answer all the questions, the researchers will collect it. Then
selected grade 12 HUMSS students the data will be analyse using the
descriptive statistics, the researchers will also use the Statistical Package
for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The data will export to the SPSS and
Name:
_______________________________________________________
(Optional)
Sex: ________
Age: ________
Instructions: Fill in the circle of your chosen answer.