Related Literature (Foreign)

Parental separation affects approximately one third of all marriages in many societies. Parental
separation has been related to diverse negative outcomes of the child, including mental and physical
health problems (Felitti & Anda, 2010).

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2018.1520118

“Separation from a parent during childhood was associated with elevated risk for subsequent violent
offending versus those who lived continuously with both parents (Mok, Pearl; et al. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine, 2018).

https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/public-health/family-separation-child-health-research/

Many children from separated families show difficulties in functioning, including frequent emotional and
behavioral problems (Amato, 2001, ; Lansford et al., 2006; Spruijt & Kormos, 2014).

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15374416.2018.1520118

Children from separated and divorced families may be at a higher risk for adjustment and psychological
difficulties and relocation represents another risk factor that may have a further negative impact on
children's outcomes (Austin, 2008; Waldron, 2005).

https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/fl-lf/divorce/spsdpr-edpads/p4.html

According to Austin (2008), these negative effects of relocation include "school behavior problems, [lack
of] academic success, [lower] school graduation...rates, [higher] teen pregnancy, [earlier] age of first
sexual activity, [reduced] child well-being, and [greater] amount of idle time".

https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/fl-lf/divorce/spsdpr-edpads/p4.html

Related Literature (Local)

Broken Family is a family with children involved where parents are legally or illegally separated whose
parents have decided to go and live their lives separately for several reasons/problems. A broken family
is one where the parents (mother and father) of a child or children have split up and no longer share a
single family home as a family unit. This is also known as a broken home (Nerriel, 2011).

http://ambbfa.blogspot.com/

A broken family is the parents who don’t live together as families. They are separated and their children
live with one of their parents. Sometimes the children stay with their grandparents if the couple has
their own new family (Blog, The Effect of Having a Broken Family to Filipino Children, 2018)

https://lookupgrade.com/en/blog/english-the-effect-of-having-a-broken-family-to-filipino-children/

A study by Margot Galang (2015) on Implication of Broken Marriages to Filipino Children, the common
reasons why Filipino couples separate include financial problems, lack of communication, infidelity, and
domestic violence. Clinical and therapists note that children caught in the middle of parent’s animosity
during separation have attention and concentration problems, academic problems, anger issues, sleep
disorders, and other psychological, behavioral and spiritual problems.

https://www.worldvision.org.ph/stories/coping-from-the-pains-of-a-broken-family-2/

In the Philippines where there is no divorce law, many couples decide to "postpone" a separation
because of their kids. There is no easy way to tell them mom and dad will live in separate houses. It's
confusing, painful, and makes the kids feel helpless. No one wants this stress on their children, so
parents wait until the kids are "old enough" to understand what's happening (Perez, 2018).

https://www.smartparenting.com.ph/parenting/tweens-teens/a-child-this-age-could-be-the-most-
affected-by-his-parents-separation-a00041-20180228
The number of marriage annulment cases in the Philippines has risen by 40 percent in the last decade
with at least 22 cases filed every day, according to a report by the Catholic bishops’ news agency
(Tubeza, 2011) and with the rise of such cases relating to separated parents, effects that deemed
students into becoming prone to challenges upon their emotional, mental and psychological stability
causes them to be much more exposed to the world they are not yet ready to venture in.

https://lovediesblog.wordpress.com/2017/03/24/does-having-separated-parents-negatively-affect-a-
students-well-being-and-academic-performance/

Related Studies ( Foreign)

When parents go through a parent separation, they are not the only ones affected. Divorce affects
children in a multitude of ways. “Ongoing conflict, blocked communication and power imbalances
between parents are problematic for child and family functioning” (Overland, 2012).

https://www.academia.edu/33124763/EFFECT_OF_PARENTAL_SEPARATION_ON_ACADEMIC_PERFORM
ANCE_OF_ADOLESCENT_STUDENTS

Children who experience their parents going through a divorce are susceptible to becoming depressed,
being withdrawn, acting out, and acting differently. “It is well documented that psychosocial stressors
constitute a significant, pervasive risk for children’s mental health problems"(Brown, 2012). When
children experience their parents going through a divorce, the actions of the parents affect the children
all throughout their childhood, and eventually may overlap into their adulthood.

https://www.academia.edu/33124763/EFFECT_OF_PARENTAL_SEPARATION_ON_ACADEMIC_PERFORM
ANCE_OF_ADOLESCENT_STUDENTS

The impact the divorce has on the relationship of adolescents after divorce also depends on a couple of
factors. Adolescents and adults from divorced families can still recall shock, unhappiness, loneliness and
anger brought on by the divorce{Portnoy, 2008). Portnoy (2008) also concluded that divorce is a "life
transforming" experience for adolescent into adulthood. Adolescents are affected by divorce, and due
to this impact may change their way of thinking about marriage, divorce and future relationships.

http://www2.uwstout.edu/content/lib/thesis/2009/2009nelsonl.pdf

Separation can have both physical and mental effects on children. “The health consequences of divorce
are also well documented, showing the detrimental effects of divorce on both somatic and mental
health with the divorced or separated experiencing higher levels of depression, stress, and fear, as well
as lower levels of self-esteem” (Bracke,2010).

https://www.academia.edu/33124763/EFFECT_OF_PARENTAL_SEPARATION_ON_ACADEMIC_PERFORM
ANCE_OF_ADOLESCENT_STUDENTS

Teachers rate children from separated parents higher on factors such as heightened an6ietysurrounding
academic failure, the inability to reflect, irrelevant talk, and inattention. Research Evidence-Based
Counselling indicated that children from Separated parents attend school less, watch more television,
do less homework, and have less parental supervision of their schoolwork (McLahn, 2009).

https://www.academia.edu/33124763/EFFECT_OF_PARENTAL_SEPARATION_ON_ACADEMIC_PERFORM
ANCE_OF_ADOLESCENT_STUDENTS
Related Studies ( Local)

There was a report by (Clarito, 2013) about a young man named Aj who came from a broken family.
Growing up, he came to realize that he is not the reason for his parents’ separation, allowing him to
move on.

https://prezi.com/m/iktnsnosfzva/implication-of-broken-marriages-to-filipino-children/

When marriages break, couples go separate ways and the ones that are affected the most are the
children (Tantaoco, 2013).

https://prezi.com/m/iktnsnosfzva/implication-of-broken-marriages-to-filipino-children/

Maldonado 2009, a separation or divorce is often the result of a process marital dysfunction, discord,
miscommunication, and other related matters. For many children, separation means “ the death of a
family”.

https://www.scribd.com/document/146273592/RESILIENCE-RESEARCH-ON-SEPARATION-OF-PARENTS

The emotional maturity, anxiety and communication of a person is related to his behavioural attitude.
These factors have been widely studied by researchers, specifically by Aquino te al. (2015), showing the
comparison between the students belonging to a broken family and those that don’t.

https://www.scribd.com/document/346116242/Chapter-2-Broken-Fam-w-Local-Lit-Na

Despite this confluence of factors that impede the majority of Filipinos from terminating unsatisfactory
marriages, evidence still points to a growing number of Filipinos who have had their marriage dissolved
or sought to have their marriage dissolved (Abalos 2011; Emery 2013).

https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol36/50/36-50.pdf