Declaration

I do hereby declare that this project work has been originally carried out under the

guidance and supervision of Preethy Soosan Thomas, Department of Chemistry,

Catholicate College, Pathanamthitta.

Gayathri M.R
Place :Pathanamthitta B.Sc Chemistry
Date : Catholicate
College

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards our Chemistry Teacher,

Preethy Soosan Thomas in providing a helping hand in making our project titled “

Determination of Amount of Acetic Acid in Different types of Vinegar” and also I

express my sincere thanks for her guidance, support and encouragement throughout the

duration of the project , I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the

crucial role of the lab assistants of our laboratory. Finally and most importantly I would

like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our parents, our teachers and all of our

friends for making this work as a success, without their motivation and help, the

successful completion of this project would have been impossible.

Gayathri.M.R Place
:Pathanamthitta B.Sc Chemistry
Date : Catholicate.
college
 DETERMINATION OF AMOUNT

OF ACETIC ACID IN DIFFERENT

TYPES OF VINEGAR.

CONTENTS

Title Page No.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1-5

OBJECTIVE
 Chapter 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 6-16

Chapter 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17-19

Chapter 4 CONCLUSION 20

REFERENCES 21

CHAPTER -I

INTRODUCTION

Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) which

is turn was previously fermented from sugar. The fermentation of ethanol results in the

production of acetic acid (CH3COOH). There are many different types of Vinegar, each

starting from a different original Sugar Source (eg : rice, wine, malt etc). The amount of

acetic acid in vinegar can vary, typically between 4 to 6 % for table vinegar, but up to

three times higher (18 %) for pickling vinegar.

 In this project, we will determine the amount of acid in different Vinegar using

titration a common technique in chemistry. Titration is a way to measure the unknown

amount of chemical in a solution (the titrant) by adding a measured amount of a chemical

with a known concentration (the titrating solution). The titrating solution reacts with the

titrant, and the end point of the reaction is monitored in some way. The concentration of

the titrant can now be calculated from the amount of titrating solution added, and the

ration of two chemicals in the chemical equation for the reaction.

To measure the acidity of a vinegar solution, we can add enough hydroxyl ions to

balance out the added hydrogen ions to produce water. In order for a titration to work, we

need three things.

1. A titration solution (contains hydroxyl ions with a precisely known concentration)

2. A method for delivering a precisely measured volume of the titrating solution, and

3. A means of indicating when the endpoint has been reached.

For the titrating solution, we’ll use a dilute solution hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium

hydroxide is a strong base, which means that it dissociates almost completely in water.

So, for every NaOH molecule that we add to the solution, we can expect to produce a

hydroxyl ion.

To dispense an accurately measured volume of the titrating solution, we will use a

burette. A burette is a long tube with a valve at the bottom and graduated markings on the
outside to measure the volume contained in the burette. The burette is mounted on a ring

stand , directly above the titrant solution.

Solutions in the burette tend to creep up the side of the glass at the surface of the

liquid. This is due to the surface tension of the water. The surface of the liquid thus forms

a curve, called meniscus. To measure the volume of the liquid in the burette, always read

from the bottom of the meniscus.

In this experiment, we will use an indicators solution called phenolphthalein.

Phenolphthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic or neutral when the solution

becomes slightly basic, phenolphthalein turns pinkish, and then light purple as the

solution becomes more basic. So, when the vinegar solution starts to turn pink, we know

that the titration is complete.

Precautions:

 Transference of vinegar into a measuring flask should be done very carefully.

 Measuring must be performed carefully

 Look at the meniscus of solution at eye level to avoid parallax.

 Look at the lower meniscus in the light coloured solution and upper meniscus

in the dark coloured solution because of visibility

OBJECTIVE
 The goal of our project is to determine the amount of Acetic Acid in

different types of commercial vinegars using titration method with a coloured p H

indicator.

CHAPTER-II

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

To do this experiment we will need the following materials and equipment :

 Vinegar , three different types

 Distilled water

 small Funnel

 0.5 % phenolphthalein solution in alcohol (PH indicator solution)

 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution

 125 ml Conical Flask

 25 or 50 ml burette

 10 ml graduated cylinder

 Ring stand

 Burette clamp
Method

Performing the titration

 Pour 1.5 ml of vinegar in an conical flask

 Add distilled water to dissolve the vinegar so that the volume of the solution

becomes 20 ml

 Add 3 drops of 0.5 % phenolphthalein solution

 Use the burette clamp to attach the burette to the ring stand. The opening at the

bottom of the burette should be just above the height oif the conical flask we use

for the vinegar and phenolphthalein solution.

 Use a funnel to fill the burette with a 0.1 M solution of Sodium hydroxide

 Note the starting level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette. Put the

Vinegar solution to the titrated under the burette.

 Slowly drip the solution of sodium hydroxide into the vinegar solution. Swirl the

flask gently to mix the solution, while keeping the opening underneath the burette.
  At some point we will see a pink colour in the vinegar solution when the sodium

hydroxide is added, but the colour will quickly disappear as the solution is mixed.

When this happen slow the burette to drop-by-drop addition.

 When the vinegar solution turns pink and remains that colour even with mixing,

the titration is complete. Close the tap (or pinch valve) of the burette.

 Note the remaining level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the burette.

Remember to read the bottom of the meniscus.

 Subtract the initial level from the remaining level to figure out how much titrating

solution we have used.

 For each vinegar that we test, repeat the titration at least three times.

Theory

 Required amount of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be calculated using following

formula:
W=
Molar Mass of NaOH = 40g/mol

=
 = 10 g
 The acetic acid content of a vinegar may be determined by titrating a vinegar
sample with a solution of sodium hydroxide of known molar concentration
(molarity).
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
(aq) (aq) (aq) l

(acid) + (base)→ (salt) + (water)

At the end point in the titration stoichiometry between the both solution lies in a
1:1 ratio

 Strength of acid in vinegar can be determined by the following formula:

Strength of acetic acid = MCH3COOH x 60
Indicator:-Phenolphthalein
Endpoint :-colourless to pink
Experiment -1

Take the vinegar (Mother bird) in the burette and do the titration with NaOH Solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH solution
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 15. 3 15. 3

2. 20 0 15. 3 15.3

Volume of NaOH = 15.3ml

Calculation
Weight of NaOH = 3.9253g

Molarity of NaOH = Number of moles of solute

Volume of solvent in litre
= 3 .9253 x 10
40
= 0.9813 M
We Know that :-
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 15.3

20

= 0.7506 M

Molarity of Acetic Acid = 0.7506 M

Strength Of Acetic Acid = 45.04g/L

Experiment – 2

(Toot) Vinegar

Take the (Toot) Vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 18. 6 15. 6

2. 20 0 18. 6 15.6

Concordant value = 15.6 ml

We Know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

= 0.9813 x 15.6
20

= 0.7654M
Strength Of acetic acid = 45.92 g/L

Experiment – 3

Take the Fruitoman’s vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 15.1 15. 1

2. 20 0 15.1 15.1

Concordant Value =15.1 ml

Calculation
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 15.1

20

= 0.7408 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.7408 x 60

= 44.44 g/L
Experiment – 4

Take the Naendess yellow in the conical flask and do the titration in with NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13 13

2. 20 0 13 13

Concordant Value = 13 ml
Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13
20

= 0.6378M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6378 x 60

= 38.27 g/L
Experiment – 5

Take the Synthetic vinegar I in the Conical Flask and do the titration with NaOH Solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 17.5 17.5

2. 20 0 17.5 17.5

Concordant Value = 17.5 ml

Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 17.5

20

= 0.8586 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8586 x 60

= 51.51 g/L

Experiment – 6
Take the Synthetic II Vinegar in the Conical Flask and do the titration With NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 16.8 16.8

2. 20 0 16.8 16.8

Concordant Value = 16.8 ml

Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 16.8

20

= 0.8242 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8242 x 60

= 49.45 g/L

Experiment – 7

Take the Sonari vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation
 Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of
No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 12.5 12.5

2. 20 0 12.5 12.5

Concordant Value = 12.5 ml

Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 12.5

20

= 0.6133 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6133 x 60

= 36.79 g/L

Experiment – 8

Take the (happy) Vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH Solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)
 1. 20 0 14.1 14.1

2. 20 0 14.1 14.1

Concordant Value = 14.1 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 14.1

20

= 0.6918 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6918 x 60

= 41.5 g/L

Experiment – 9

Take the (ML-I) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 10.4 10.4

2. 20 0 10.4 10.4
 Concordant Value = 10.4 ml
Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 10.4

20

= 0. 5102 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.5102 x 60

= 30.61 g/L

Experiment – 10

Take the (green valley) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13.2 13.2

2. 20 0 13.2 13.2
 Concordant Value = 13.2 ml
Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13.2

20

= 0.6133 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6476 x 60

= 38.85 g/L

Experiment – 11

Take the (ML-II) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution in Burette

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13.6 13.6

2. 20 0 13.6 13.6

Concordant Value = 13.6 ml

Calculation
We know that :-
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13.6

20

= 0.6672 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6672 x 60

= 40.03 g/L

Experiment – 12

Take the NL- B Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Solution (ml)
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml)

1. 20 0 17.2 17.2

2. 20 0 17.2 17.2

Concordant Value = 17.2 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH
MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 17.2
20

= 0.8439 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8439 x 60

= 50.63 g/L

Experiment – 13

Take the frint vinegar (Apple vinegar) in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 46 46

2. 20 0 46 46

Concordant Value = 46 ml
Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 48
20
 = 2.2569 M

Strength of acetic acid = 2.2569 x 60

= 135.41 g/L

CHAPTER-III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Strength acetic acid in fruit vinegar (Apple cider Vinegar ) = 135.41 g/L
Strength acetic acid in household vinegar
Strength of acetic acid in Mother bird = 45.04 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Toot = 45.92 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Fruitoman’s Vinegar = 44.44 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Naendess yellow = 38.21g/L
Strength of acetic acid Zeenath = 51.51 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Menapple = 49.45 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Sonari = 36.79 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Happy = 41.5 g/L
Strength of acetic acid ML-I = 30.61 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Green valley = 38.85 g/L
Strength of acetic acid ML-II = 40.03 g/L
Strength of acetic acid NL-B = 50.63 g/L
The experiment was done in order to determine the acetc acid content of the vinegar in certain
brands.Our results show that the household vinegar-Zeenath has the highest strength of about 51.51g/L
and the household vinegar-ML-I has the lowest strength of about 30.61g/L. Mother bird and Toot
vinegars has nearly same strength of about 45.04g/L and 45.92g/L respectively.
It is also found that Apple cider vinegar (fruit vinegar) has the highest strength of about
135.41g/L than the household vinegars.
Finally,by plotting a graph connecting the amount of acetic acid present in the
vinegar samples. It clearly depicts that the fruit vinegar as the higher strength as comparing it with the
household.
Order of amount of acetic acid in different samples of vinegar is,
Fruit vinegar > household vinegar.
Thus,we found that fruit vinegar has the highest strength of acetic acid.
Experiment – 1

Take the vinegar (Mother bird) in the burette and do the titration with NaOH Solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH solution
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml) (ml)

1. 20 0 15. 3 15. 3

2. 20 0 15. 3 15.3

Volume of NaOH = 15.3ml

Calculation
Weight of NaOH = 3.9253g

Molarity of NaOH = Number of moles of solute

Volume of solvent in litre
= 3 .9253 x 10
40
= 0.9813 M
We Know that :-
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 15.3

20

= 0.7506 M
Molarity of Acetic Acid = 0.7506 M
Strength Of Acetic Acid = 45.04g/L

Experiment – 2

(Toot) Vinegar

Take the (Toot) Vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 18. 6 15. 6

2. 20 0 18. 6 15.6

Concordant value = 15.6 ml

We Know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

= 0.9813 x 15.6
20

= 0.7654M

Strength Of acetic acid = 45.92 g/L

Experiment – 3

Take the Fruitoman’s vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 15.1 15. 1

2. 20 0 15.1 15.1

Concordant Value =15.1 ml

Calculation
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 15.1

20

= 0.7408 M
Strength of acetic acid = 0.7408 x 60
= 44.44 g/L

Experiment – 4

Take the Naendess yellow in the conical flask and do the titration in with NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13 13

2. 20 0 13 13

Concordant Value = 13 ml
Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13
 20

= 0.6378M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6378 x 60

= 38.27 g/L

Experiment – 5

Take the Synthetic vinegar I in the Conical Flask and do the titration with NaOH Solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 17.5 17.5

2. 20 0 17.5 17.5

Concordant Value = 17.5 ml

Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

 VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 17.5

20

= 0.8586 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8586 x 60

= 51.51 g/L

Experiment – 6

Take the Synthetic II Vinegar in the Conical Flask and do the titration With NaOH

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 16.8 16.8

2. 20 0 16.8 16.8

Concordant Value = 16.8 ml

Calculation
We know that:-
MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 16.8

20

= 0.8242 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8242 x 60

= 49.45 g/L

Experiment – 7

Take the Sonari vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 12.5 12.5

2. 20 0 12.5 12.5

Concordant Value = 12.5 ml

Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 12.5

20

= 0.6133 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6133 x 60

= 36.79 g/L

Experiment – 8

Take the (happy) Vinegar in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH Solution

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)
 1. 20 0 14.1 14.1

2. 20 0 14.1 14.1

Concordant Value = 14.1 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 14.1

20

= 0.6918 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6918 x 60

= 41.5 g/L

Experiment – 9

Take the (ML-I) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation
 Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of
No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 10.4 10.4

2. 20 0 10.4 10.4

Concordant Value = 10.4 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 10.4

20

= 0. 5102 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.5102 x 60

= 30.61 g/L

Experiment – 10

Take the (green valley) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.
Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13.2 13.2

2. 20 0 13.2 13.2

Concordant Value = 13.2 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13.2

20

= 0.6133 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6476 x 60

= 38.85 g/L

Experiment – 11
Take the (ML-II) Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution in Burette

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 13.6 13.6

2. 20 0 13.6 13.6

Concordant Value = 13.6 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 13.6

20

= 0.6672 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.6672 x 60

= 40.03 g/L
Experiment – 12

Take the NL- B Vinegar in conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Solution (ml)
(ml) Initial (ml) Final (ml)

1. 20 0 17.2 17.2

2. 20 0 17.2 17.2

Concordant Value = 17.2 ml

Calculation
We know that :-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 17.2

20

= 0.8439 M

Strength of acetic acid = 0.8439 x 60

= 50.63 g/L
Experiment – 13

Take the frint vinegar (Apple vinegar) in the conical flask and do the titration with NaOH solution.

Observation

Sl Volume Of Burette Reading Volume Of

No Vinegar NaOH
Solution Initial (ml) Final (ml) Solution (ml)
(ml)

1. 20 0 46 46

2. 20 0 46 46

Concordant Value = 46 ml
Calculation
We know that:-

MCH3COOH x VCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

MCH3COOH = MNaOH x VNaOH

VCH3COOH

MCH3COOH = 0.9813 x 48
20

= 2.2569 M

Strength of acetic acid = 2.2569 x 60

= 135.41 g/L
 Results

Strength acetic acid in fruit vinegar (Apple cider Vinegar ) = 135.41 g/L
Strength acetic acid in household vinegar
Strength of acetic acid in Mother bird = 45.04 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Toot = 45.92 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Fruitoman’s Vinegar = 44.44 g/L
Strength of acetic acid in Naendess yellow = 38.21g/L
Strength of acetic acid Zeenath = 51.51 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Menapple = 49.45 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Sonari = 36.79 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Happy = 41.5 g/L
Strength of acetic acid ML-I = 30.61 g/L
Strength of acetic acid Green valley = 38.85 g/L
Strength of acetic acid ML-II = 40.03 g/L
Strength of acetic acid NL-B = 50.63 g/L

CHAPTER-IV
CONCLUSION

The main purpose of our study was to determine and compare the molar

concentration of acetic acid in different types of commercial vinegars. We have found

 that the molar concentrations of acetic acid in 11 samples of synthetic vinegars are in

the range 0.5102 M – 0.8439 M and that of fruit vinegar is found to be 2.2569 mol/L

(135.41 g/L). By comparing with all the house hold vinegars, fruit vinegar has been

found to have highest strength. The fruit vinegar we used is Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV).

This vinegar has been reported to have health benefits. These include

reducing heartburn, clearing up skin problems, and assisting with weight loss. However,

you should never drink it straight and it should be diluted with water (at least 1

tablespoon for 8 ounces). ACV capsules

are also available for wellness uses.

REFERENCES

1. Yu Kyung Jang, Mee Youn Lee, Hyang Yeon Kim, Sarah Lee, Soo Hwan Yeo,

Seong Yeol Baek, and Choong Hwan Lee., Comparison of Traditional and

Commercial Vinegars Based on Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Activity, J.

Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2015), 25(2), 217–226.

2. Vogel's textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th edition, Pearson's

education ltd (Chapter-10)

3. D.A.Skoog , D.M.West and S.R.Crouch - Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry,

8th edition (Chapter-13,14)