In South-East Asia, Samuel Dufour (2015)

A wide and upwardly scrambling marsh fern with pinnate leaves of which the fertile ones are remarkably
constricted. Rhizome long-creeping, scrambling or climbing on tree-trunks, up to 1 cm in diameter,
green; scales peltate, brown, imbricate, absent from the older parts of the rhizome. Leaves well spaced,
dimorphic, pinnate; petiole firm, erect, 7-30(-82) cm long, adaxially slightly canaliculate, stramineous to
brown, glabrous or with reddish-brown peltate scales; lamina ovate, 17-50(-180) cm × 9-50 cm, bright
green, young leaves red, intermediate stages olivaceous, coriaceous and lustrous, glabrous although
young plants may have some scales and short pale hairs all over, with 4-14 pairs of alternating pinnae;
rachis and costae stramineous to brown, glabrous; sterile pinnae variable in size and shape, short
petiolate, articulate to the rachis, lamina narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 5-20 cm × 1-5 cm, the base
unequal, cuneately rounded with a small pulvinate gland on the acroscopic side, margins hyaline, sharply
irregularly serrate, apex acuminate; veins pellucid, simple or forked, at a broad angle from a row of very
narrow costal areoles to the margin, not reduced to the lamina basis but with a few rudimentary pinnae
on the petiole below the normal ones; fertile pinnae much constricted, 2-5 mm wide, the margin often
protecting the young sori. Sori acrostichoid except for a narrow marginal band, without paraphyses.
Spores bilateral, 41 μm × 27 μm, colourless, translucent, papillose-verrucose.

https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Stenochlaena_palustris_(PROSEA)

Stenochlaena J. Smith comprises 6 species in tropical and warm temperate parts of the Old World, 2 in
Africa, 4 in Asia, Australia and the Pacific. In anatomical characters Stenochlaena is somewhat divergent
from the other genera in Blechnaceae and therefore it is classified in a separate subfamily
Stenochlaenoideae. The rhizome bears peltate scales and has a few larger central, and many smaller
peripheral vascular bundles; the petiole in cross section has many vascular bundles not in U-shape. In
the other subfamily ( Blechnoideae ) the vascular bundles in the petiole form a simple U in cross-section
and the stem bears non-peltate scales.

Genus STENOCHLAENA William H. Brown

STENOCHLAENA PALUSTRIS (Burm.) Bedd. (Plate I). DiLIMAN.

Local names: Agndya, hagndya (Laguna, Tayabas, Marinduque, Leyte,

Camarines, Capiz, Hollo, Palawan, Agusan) ; dilimdn (Pangasinan, Pam-

panga, Bataan, Bulacan, Laguna, Iloilo, Occidental Negros) ; gilimdn (Pam-

panga) ; lanas (Apayao).

The stems of this fern are noted for their durability when

submerged in salt water, and for this reason are in great de-

mand for tying together the bamboo frames of which fish

traps are made. The stems are usually from 2 to 4 meters

in length. They are gathered, dried, tied into bundles, and in

this form are brought to Manila in considerable quantities.

From a commercial standpoint Stenochlaena palustris is un-

doubtedly the most important of the ferns in the Philippines,

as the stems supply by far the best local material for the

special purpose mentioned above. As fishing with traps is a

very important local industry, Stenochlaena enters into the

economic life of the Filipinos to a considerable extent. During

the year 1918, forest charges were paid on 156,456 kilos of dili-

man. This fern is also used for making ropes and occasionally

baskets, but it is inferior for the latter purpose.

The young shoots are eaten either raw as a salad or cooked.

Stenochlaena palustris is a coarse, climbing fern of indefinite

length. The stems are brown, smooth, somewhat less than 1

centimeter in diameter and sparingly branched. The sterile

fronds are up to 80 centimeters in length and pinnate, with

pinnae 10 to 12 centimeters long and about 8.5 centimeters wide.

The fertile fronds are somewhat shorter than the sterile ones and
about 3 millimeters wide. This fern is widely distributed in

thickets, usually in swampy places near the sea.

https://archive.org/stream/philippinefiberp1919brow/philippinefiberp1919brow_djvu.txt

Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. f.) Bedd, 1876

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum/Division: Filicophyta

Class: Pteridopsida

Order: Polypodiales

Family: Blechnaceae

Genus: Stenochlaena

Species: S. palustris

Common Names: Climbing Fern, Liane-fern, Akar Paku, Paku Miding, Paku Ranu

Description The rhizome is long-creeping or climbing, 1 cm in diameter, green and scaleless when
mature. The frond is simple pinnate compound with a 7-30 cm long stipe. Young fronds are reddish.
There are 4-14 pairs of alternate pinnae along the rachis whose length varies from from 10 to 24 cm. The
shape of the pinnae similarly varies from ovate to oblong. The fertile fronds bear very narrow pinnae,
each 20 x 0.3 cm and the lower surface exept for the midrib and a very narrow margin is covered with
sporangia.

This is a common fern of open wet grounds, whether around freshwater swamps, the landward side of
mangroves, among beach vegetation or along rivers. The plant is a scrabler, climbing high up trees but
never in shady forests, and even forming thickets.

The croziers and the young red fronds are eaten as a vegetable. The rhizome is used as an inferior
substitute for rattan for binding purposes and making baskets. In Sumatra the fronds are used as a mild
laxative while in Malaysia they are used to treat diarrhoea. The fronds are used externally or the juice
taken internally for fever. In the Nicobar Islands the plant is used as an abortifacient and contraceptive.

Wee, Y. C., 2005. Ferns of the tropics. Times Editions-Marshall Cavendish, Singapore. 2nd ed. 190 pp.
Annals of Botany, Volume 15, Issue 1, January 1951, Pages 37–46,

The stelar anatomy of Stenochlaena palustris is described. The stem is dictyostelic and in transverse
section shows five or six closely situated large central meristeles. Around these are two rings of smaller
peripheral bundles. These outer rings are mainly ‘residual traces’ derived from the leaf- and root-traces.
They anastomose freely and are intimately connected with the central system.

The dictyostely of the latter is due both to leaf-gaps and to mom or lesa random perforations, the latter
being the more numerous.

The leaf-trace, at first binary, enters the petiole along with a large number of the smaller bundles from
the stem periphery. ‘Root-traces’ are given off from the base of the leaf-gaps.

https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-abstract/15/1/37/178575

Stenochlaena palustris (Tagalog: dilimán[1]) is an edible medicinal fern species. In the folk medicines of
India and Malaysia, the leaves of this fern are used as remedies for fever, skin diseases, ulcers, and
stomachache.[2][3]

This plant is a long-climbing fern with thin black scales and stems that can reach up to 20 m. It has
pinnate fronds that are 30?100 cm long, petioles that are 7?20 cm long, and ovate lanceolate pinnae
that are 10?15 cm long and 1.5?4.5 cm wide. The fern's sporophylls are long and narrow, and have
brownish sori undernwath.[4]

Acylated flavonol glycosides isolated from the fern were found to have antibacterial activities.[5] Crude
and partially purified extracts prepared from the fern have been shown to exhibit antifungal,[6]
antioxidant,[7] and antiglucosidase [8] activities.

The district of Diliman in Quezon City, one of the Philippines' most important educational districts, is
named after this fern.[9] The species epithet palustris is Latin for "of the marsh" and indicates its
common habitat.[10]

https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2901318
As cited in RISE Research

Information

Series on

Ecocsytems

The rhizome of hagnaya is creeping or climbing, about

5-7 mm in diameter, bearing roots on all sides, green, scaleless

when mature. the growing apex (and very youn~l fronds) are

covered with imbricating dark-brown peltate scales with thin

pale margins; these scales are later deciduous. The fronds are

dimorphic, distant, borne on sides of the rhizome. It has sterile

fronds with stipes of 15-20 cm long. The rachises are slightly

grooved on the upper surface. The laminae is simply pinnate;

the pinnae are 8-15 pairs plus a similar terminal pinna.

It has a colorless pellucid, sharply and irregularly serrate

margins; smooth shining surfaces, the lower part is paler than

the upper portion; the veins pellucid, at a broad angle to the

midrib, straight, simple or forked, arising from the outer veins

of a series of very narrow areoles on either side of the midrib.

The spores are bilateral, colorless, translucent, and without

peripore. This fern is distinguished by its rather coarse climbing or Bifurcating

scrambling habit. Its pinnate sterile fronds have broad leaflets.

The upper fertile fronds are with narrow leaflets.

http://erdb.denr.gov.ph/2015/05/27/rise-volume-23-no-2-12-common-philippine-ferns/