Tugas dr Nency

Oleh : Hartomas Bumiharjo

ASA PS Examples, including, but not limited
Definition
Classification to:

ASA I A normal healthy patient Healthy, non-smoking, no or minimal

alcohol use

ASA II A patient with mild systemic Mild diseases only without substantive
disease functional limitations. Examples include
(but not limited to): current smoker,
social alcohol drinker, pregnancy,
obesity (30 < BMI < 40), well-controlled
DM/HTN, mild lung disease

ASA III A patient with severe systemic Substantive functional limitations; One
disease or more moderate to severe diseases.
Examples include (but not limited to):
poorly controlled DM or HTN, COPD,
morbid obesity (BMI ≥40), active
hepatitis, alcohol dependence or abuse,
implanted pacemaker, moderate
reduction of ejection fraction, ESRD
undergoing regularly scheduled dialysis,
premature infant PCA < 60 weeks,
history (>3 months) of MI, CVA, TIA, or
CAD/stents.

ASA IV A patient with severe systemic Examples include (but not limited to):
disease that is a constant threat to recent ( < 3 months) MI, CVA, TIA, or
life CAD/stents, ongoing cardiac ischemia
or severe valve dysfunction, severe
reduction of ejection fraction, sepsis,
DIC, ARD or ESRD not undergoing
regularly scheduled dialysis

ASA V A moribund patient who is not
expected to survive without the
operation
Examples include (but not limited to):
ruptured abdominal/thoracic aneurysm,
massive trauma, intracranial bleed with
mass effect, ischemic bowel in the face
of significant cardiac pathology or
multiple organ/system dysfunction

ASA VI A declared brain-dead patient

whose organs are being removed
for donor purposes
Schematic diagrams show the alignment of the oral axis (OA), pharyngeal axis (PA), and laryngeal
axis (LA) in four different head positions. Each head position is accompanied by an inset that
magnifies the upper airway (oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx) and superimposes (bent bold line) the
continuity of these three axes within the upper airway. A, The head is in the neutral position with a
marked degree of nonalignment of the LA, PA, and OA. B, The head is resting on a large pad that
flexes the neck on the chest and aligns the LA with the PA. C, The head is resting on a pad (which
flexes the neck on the chest). Concomitant extension of the head on the neck brings all three axes
into alignment (sniffing position). D, Extension of the head on the neck without concomitant
elevation of the head on a pad, which results in nonalignment of the PA and LA with the OA.
Berbagai macam ukuran LMA
Ukuran Masker Berat Badan (Kg) Volume Balon (mL)

1 <5 4

1,5 5 - 10 7

2 10 – 20 10

2½ 20 – 30 14

3 30 - 50 20

4 50 - 70 30

5 > 70 40