SUB: SURVEYING MODULE-94C

MODULE- 94C
Importance of surveying, principles and
classification, mapping concepts, coordinate
system, map projections
______________________________________
1. The local mean lime at a place located in longitude 90 40' E when
the standard time is 6 hours and 30 minutes and the standard
meridian is 82° 30' E is

(A) 5 hours. 2 minutes and 40 seconds

(B) 6 hours and 30 minutes
(C) 5 hours 57 minutes and 20 seconds
(D) 7 hours 02 minutes and 40 seconds

Ans:

Time at standard meridian is 6 h 30 m.

Longitude difference = 90 40' E - 82° 30' E = 8° 10' E.
As local longitude is towards east the time must be more than
standard. Foe every degree time difference is 4 minutes and
for every angle minute the time difference is 4 sec. For 8° 10'
the time difference is .
Therefore local time is 6 hours and 30 minutes +32 minute
and 40 sec = 7 hours 02 minutes and 40 seconds

2. The type of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken

into account is called

a) Geodetic surveying
b) Plane surveying
c) Preliminary surveying
d) Topographical surveying
Ans: Geodetic surveying

3. If the standard meridian is 82 E and the standard time at

longitude 90 E is known to be 8 hr 30 min, the corresponding
local mean time at the place will be

a) 7 hr 00 m
b) 8 hr 00 m
c) 8 hr 30 m
d) 9 hr 00 m

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Ans:

Time at standard meridian is 8 h 30 m.

Longitude difference = 90 00' E - 82° 30' E = 7° 30' E.
As local longitude is towards east the time must be more than
standard. Foe every degree time difference is 4 minutes and for
every angle minute the time difference is 4 sec. For 7° 30' the
time difference is .
Therefore local time is 8 hours and 30 minutes +30 minute = 9
hours.

4. The largest scale of following

a) 1: 24000
b) 1: 62500
c) 1: 100000
d) 1: 500000

Ans:
Large scale maps are better for showing individual buildings in
detail because they only cover a small area of land. So 1:
24000 is largest scale.

5. Using the latitude and longitude system (degrees, minutes,

seconds), 20 minutes is equal to what?

a) 1/3 hr
b) 1/3
c) 1/20
d) 200 sec

Ans:
1 degree = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 sec.
So 20 minutes =

6. You need to find the scale of a map have been given for a class
project. In order to do so, you decide to measure a distance
between two real world features and relate that to the distance
shown on the map. You find that the distance between two
buildings is 400 feet. On the map that same distance is 3 inches.
What is the scale of the map?

a) 1: 1200
b) 1: 16000
c) 1: 1600
d) 1: 100
Ans:
3 inches : 400 feet
3 inches : inches
1: 1600

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7. A map in which the area of its units has been distorted to be

proportional to the data they represent is known as:

a) A cartogram
b) Equal area
c) Proportional symbol
d) Topographic

Ans:
A cartogram is a map in which some thematic mapping
variable – such as travel time, population is substituted for
land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is
distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate
variable. There are two main types of cartograms: area and
distance cartograms

8. The distance between each degree of latitude is approximately:

a) 33 miles
b) 50 miles
c) 69 miles
d) 111 miles

Ans:
Radius of earth= 6370 km = 6370 / 1.609 = 3960 miles
Perimeter = 3960 = 24875 miles
Distance for 360 degrees = 24875 miles
Distance for 1 degree = 24875/360 = 69 miles.

9. Which of the following properties of a globe is incorrect?

a) All lines of latitude are parallel to the equator and to each

other.
b) All meridians converge at the poles and are true north-south
lines.
c) Meridians and parallels intersect at right angles.
d) Parallels increase in length as one nears the poles.

Ans: Parallels decrease in length as one nears the poles

10. A half circle of 180 degrees of arc which connects the earth's poles
is known as a:

a) Latitude
b) Meridian
c) Longitude
d) Parallel

Ans: Meridian

11. The system of angular measurement for specifying a location north

or south of the equator is known as:

a) Latitude
b) Longitude
c) Parallel
d) Meridian

Ans: Latitude

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12. Which statement is true about GPS technology?

a) GPS uses remote sensing.

b) GPS is a navigational device.
c) GPS involves infrared photography.
d) GPS gives relative location of places.

Ans: GPS is a navigational device.

13. General purpose maps that depict the shape and elevation of
terrain, and usually portray the surface features of relatively small
areas, are known as:

a) Topographic maps
b) Thematic maps
c) Mercator maps
d) Value-by-area maps

Ans: Topographic maps

In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type of map

characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative
representation of relief, using contour lines but, historically,
using a variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a
topographic map to show both natural and man-made
features. A topographic map is typically published as a map
series, made up of two or more map sheets that combine to
form the whole map. A contour line is a combination of two
line segments that connect but do not intersect; these
represent elevation on a topographic map.

A thematic map is a type of map or chart especially designed

to show a particular theme connected with a specific
geographic area. These maps "can portray physical, social,
political, cultural, economic, sociological, agricultural, or any
other aspects of a city, state, region, nation, or continent"

The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection

presented by the Flemish geographer and cartographer
Gerardus Mercator in 1569. It became the standard map
projection for nautical purposes because of its ability to
represent lines of constant course, known as rhumb lines or
loxodromes, as straight segments which conserve the angles
with the meridians. While the linear scale is equal in all
directions around any point, thus preserving the angles and
the shapes of small objects (which makes the projection
conformal), the Mercator projection distorts the size and
shape of large objects, as the scale increases from the Equator
to the poles, where it becomes infinite.

14. Which type of map projection shows true directions from one
central point to all other points?

a) Equivalent
b) Conformal
c) Equidistant
d) Azimuthal

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Ans. Azimuthal

The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map

projection. It has the useful properties that all points on the
map are at proportionately correct distances from the center
point, and that all points on the map are at the correct azimuth
(direction) from the center point. A useful application for this
type of projection is a polar projection which shows all
meridians (lines of longitude) as straight, with distances from
the north pole represented correctly. The flag of the United
Nations contains an example of a polar azimuthal equidistant
projection.

15. Which of the following are correct latitude and longitude

coordinates?

a) 110 degrees North, 78 degrees East

b) 110 degrees East, 78 degrees North
c) 45 degrees South, 120 degrees East
d) 60 degrees South, 123 degrees North
Ans:
45 degrees South, 120 degrees East

Latitude is in North and south direction and the angle should

be less than 90.
Longitude is in East and west and the angle should be less than
180.
One should be latitude and other should be longitude.

16. The Prime Meridian runs through the Royal Observatory at:

a) New York City, New York

b) Quito, Ecuador
c) Greenwich, England
d) Pacific Ocean

Ans: Greenwich, England

17. If a map is called conformal, then it is correct for areas in terms of:

a) Area
b) Shape
c) Distance
d) Direction

Ans: Shape.
Conformal maps preserve both angles and the shapes of
infinitesimally small figures, but not necessarily their size or
curvature.

18. A large-scale map depicts:

a) a large amount of detail for a large amount of area

b) a large amount of detail for a small amount of area
c) a small amount of detail for a large amount of area
d) a small amount of detail for a small amount of area

Ans: a large amount of detail for a small amount of area

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19. Which of the following is not a map projection?

A) Equidistant
B) Geoidal
C) Conformal
D) Azimuthal

Ans: Geoidal

20. To increase precision, latitude and longitude are divided into:

a) Meters and centimeters

b) Minutes and seconds
c) Latimites and Longimites
d) Meridians

Ans: Minutes and seconds

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