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P.O.
This is alarge issue! However, I didn't want

anyone to lack for "summer reading" (or winter
reading, for our members "down under"). I delayed the
MA issue about six days, because it was the only way to
include calls for papers for a number of meetings
about which many members have expressed interest. It
also was necessary to permit inclusion of the
biographical sketches for all of the AP-S Officer and
AdComnominees.Pleasebesuretoreadthese.Your
ballot will be mailed inthe Fall.
H.
There are actually 11 meetings with calls for
papers, announcements, or requests for expressions of
interest in this issue! Several have deadlines for
submission of abstracts which come soon after youwill
receive this issue:
The three Open Symposia for the XXIInd General
Assembly of URSI
The January National Radio Science Meeting
The Philadelphia AP-S International Symposium and
National Radio Science Meeting was a tremendous
experience. George Allen and his comittees are to be
congratulated. Of course, now is the time to start
planning to attend the 1987 meeting in Blacksburg:
the announcement isin this issue. The Treasurer's
Report, as presented to the AdCom in Philadelphia, is
publishedinthisissue. The minutes of the AdCom
55 meeting will appear in the October issue. Also in
this issue are pictures of the Award Banquet held at
the meeting, identifying the recipients of the awards
presented there. Those newly designated Fellows of
the IEEE who chose to have their certificates
presented at the meeting are also shown.
We have two excellent feature articles in this
issue. They strike the kind of balance that I think
is appropriate for the Newsletter. They provide a
sumary that can be understood by someone who is not a
specialist in the fields covered, as well as an
extensive bibliography for those seeking more specific
information. Because they are extensive, they are
somewhat longer than most of our features, but they
treat topics which are of interest to significant
numbers of our members.
Tapan Sarkar joins Bud Adams, both of Syracuse
University, Co-Associate Editor for Feature
MA Articles. More information is given in an article in
this issue.If you have input regarding a feature
article and particularly if you would like to write
one please contact Tapan. The request for input
H. CA.
OH
IEEE
. 2 9
.30 Rm.
A6 I urite this, the Philadelphia symposium Just ended and

life is beginning to return to normal f o r those harried membersof
our society vho undertook to run the meeting. The thanks of our
society go to Charlie Allen, chairman. and to his committee of
volunteers contributed to a very vorthwhile week of technical
interchange I hopetheyallhavetimeforwell-deserved
vacations this summer.
On theSundaybeforethesymposium,theadministrative
committee of AP-S had its semi-annual marathon session. He were
pleased to have present an unusually large number of interested
AF'-S members. Uany'codttee and chapter chairpersons attended, in
addition to the elected members of ADCOM, about 40 people in all.
A highlightof the meeting vas the election of Robert C. Hansen as
honorary life member of AP-Society ADCOM. Proposed by our vice
President.
George
Knittel,
the
proposition
was
supported
unanimously by ADCOM. In addition to his outstanding technical
achievements,BobhasservedtheAP-Societyextensively,as
President tvice, as editor, and as a member of ADWM. As life
member, he joins the only other t w such members, L. Van Atta
.46 and ProfessorEd Jordan.
50 You will read the details of the rveeting vhen the minutes
appear in the Newsletter, but other highlights which come to
mind were the fact that our budget for the year will be dose to
balance,atabout420K. As alvays,our major expense is the
transactions at 64% of the total, and major our source of income is
non-member subscriptions at 53%. Our membership is up to a level
of 6522. including students. the latter figure being above
the previous year.
Chapter activities were another major discussion irem. We

have 42 chapters including three nev ones in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, Pretoria. South Africa, and Dayton, Ohio. Thirty-five of
the chapters are active, but only ten of them last year requested
the financial support available from the Society. All new chapter
chairpersons should be aware of this potential support, which
raised by A DW from dollars to 800 dollars. Thio money is
available for support of local meetings, speaker expenses,etc., on
application to ourchaptercornitteechair.JaySchindler. In
addition, the ADCOM voted to wnsider support for worthy chapter
projects, up to based on proposals submitted to ADcopl via the
AP-S chaptercommitteechair.Inviewofthispotential for
support of local chapters, a proposal which had been raised at a
previous ADCOX neeting, which to have the chapter running the
A P , annual symposivm aharein any surplus, vas not considered further.
A slate of nominees for next year's officers was proposed by

Bob McIntosh, former AP-S president and chair of the nominating
committee and vas adopted by the ADCOH. You should receiving
ballots shortly. Next year the task of chairing the nominating
c o d t t e e vi11 fall to me, and it is not too early for any of our
readers vho wish to serve on ADcotl the to let me knov.
are looking forward toa different styleof symposium next

year, in linewithourdefactopolicy of varyingbetween
university meetings and big city meetings. Next year it will on be
campus at Virginia Polytechnic Instirute in Blacksburg, Virginia.
Plans for the meeting are well advanced, under the leadership of
Professor Warren Stutzman, the first call for papers has been
mailed, and we are already beginning LO look foward another
symposium.
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter is

published bimonthly by the Antennas and Propagation
Society of The Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc. Headquarters: 345 East 47th Street,
Ejew York, NY 10017-2394. Sent automatically and
without additional cost to each member of the Antennas
and Propagation Society. Printed in U.S.A. Second-
class postage paid at NewYork, NY and at additional
mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter, IEEE,
445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, 3.3 08854-4150.
3
(cont'd. page
from non-US members made in my last column still
applies. In many instances, members are interested in
something as broad as what is being done in antennas
and propagation in your country or institution, as
wellas your particularspecialinterest.Don'tbe
shy!
As I am writing this column, the final layout has
not been completed, and thus I am not sure that there
will be room to include the following item.
Hopefully, a list of the papers in the sessions on
antennas to be presented at Montech '86 is included.
This is a continuation of an experiment I began with
the papers presented at ISAP '35 and ISAE '85 held in
Japan and China, respectively. The underlying idea is
to provide knowledge of current work which many members
might not otherwise be able to readily know about.
Firm guidelines for deciding which meetings are
appropriate for this and which are not are not
available to me: for now, you're "stuck" with my Tapan K. Sarkar (S'69, "76, was born in
judgement as it reflects your comments. The conunents I Calcutta, India, on August2, 1948. He received
received previously were uniformly positive, with one the E. Tech. degree from the Indian Instituteof
exception. Please letme know if you want this Technology, Kharagpur, India,in 1969, theH.Sc.
material in your Newsletter. degree from the University of New Brunswick, Fred-
Some "shop talk'' is in order. As usual, the ericton, NB, Canada, in 1971, and the and Ph.D.
October issue will probably be delayed about as much degrees from Syracuse University, Syracuse,NY, in
as this issue, due to the problems with most of the 1975.
Newsletter staff members just returning from trips From 1969 to 1971, he served as anInstructor at
around the September 1 deadline. Some contributions the University of New Brunswick. While studying
for the Newsletter are sent to me by other than at Syracuse University,he served as an Instructor
standard mail. If you are sending material to me by and Research Assistantin the Departmentof Elec-
regular (or air) mail, please use the address given trical and Computer Engineering, where he is cur-
above.If you are using a private express service rently an adjunct professor. Since 1976, he has
(e.g., Federal Express), please call me first. I been with Rochester Institute of Technology,
may need give you a different address, at least Rochester, NY, where he is now an Associate Pro-
for mail originating within the If this can't be
done without incurring an extra day's delay, simply fessor. From 1977 to 1978, he was Research
send it to the above address. By the way, it appears Fellow at the Gordon McKay Laboratory of Harvard
that air mail from western Europe requires 10 days or University, Cambridge, MA. His current research
less to reach me, while air mail from me to there interests deal with system identification, signal
often takes three weeks. For Asia, the maximum times processing, and analysisof eiectrically large
increase about five days each way, although the electromagnetic
averages are about the same. Mail to and from Canada Dr. Sarkar is a Registered Professional Engi-
is about the same as to and from Asia! At the other neer in the state New York. He is a memberof
extreme, surface mail from eastern Europe seems to Sigma Xi and International Union of Radio Science
t.ke a minimum of two months. It is fairly clear that Commissions A andB.
the "excess" air mail delays occur within the
except for mail to and from Canada.
There are many important announcements and useful
pieces of information in the material in this issue.
I won't make it longer by commenting on them all, but
do go through it carefully. I hope you have an
outstanding sumer!
of of
The AP-S Newsletter publishes paid advertisements
on short courses, job.opportunities,
etc. which
are of interest to the AP-S membership. The
price schedulefor ads in the Newsletteris:
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eighth page continues to actively solicit feature articles
quarter page $135.00
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half place in industry, government, and universities.
full Page $335.00
Emphasis is being placed on providing the reader
with a general understanding of the technical
The editor reserves the right to reject advertise- problems being addressedby various engineering
ments basedon considerations of subject matter organizations as well as their capabilities to
or available space. Please contact W. Ross Stone, cope with these problems. If you or anyone else
IRT Corporation, 1446 Vista Claridad,La Jolla, CA in your organization is interested in submitting
92037, with questions regarding the placement of an article, we encourageyou to contact Arlon
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topic. He may be reached at the above address.
as
ABSTRACT: The conjugate gradient method is have an eigenvalue

in an infinite
developed for the solution of an arbitary dimensional space, but all operators have
operator
equation.
fundamental
The eigenvalues in a finite dimensional space.
differences between the conjugate gradient The condition number is defined as the
method and the conventional matrix methods, ratio between square root of the maximum and
denoted bythegenericname”methodof the minimum eigenvalues of the operator A*A.
moments” are also outlined. One of the major Additionalmaterialonthisareais
advantages of the conjugate gradient method available in [ l ]
is that a clearcut exposition on the nature
of convergencecan be defined.Numerical DEVELOPMENT OF THECONJUGATEGRADIENT 2.
resultsarepresentedtoillustratethe METHOD
efficiency of this method and the FFT for Theconjugategradientmethod is a
certain special classes of problems. special caseof the method of moments in its
development.
However its convergence
properties are more clearly defined than for
1 . DEFINITION AND TERMINOLOGY
the general method of moments.
The inner product and the norm Consider the solution of an operator
for a complex vector u are defined by equation
AX Y (1)
<u,v>
IIu!12
u(z) v(z)dz
<u,u>
where A is a given operator and X is the
unknown to be solved for a given excitation
b
Y. The way we conventionally solve ( 1 ) is
where D denotes the domain of u andv, and to assume that a known set of expansion
the overbar denotes the complex conjugate. functions P. adequately approximate the true
The adjointof an operator A is denoted solution Xelby such that
by A * , and it is defined by the identity
N
<Au;V> <u;A*v> B(u;v) Xe X a.P.
i=l 1 1
where
B(u;v)
represents
the
bilinear
concomittant.joint
The
adboundary where ai are certain unknown constants to be
conditions are obtained by equating B(u;v) determined. For simplicity, we assume the
An operator is said to be Hermitian Aif expansion functions P i to
satisfy the
A* and also the boundary conditions for A boundaryconditions (as requiredforthe
and A+ are identical. A Hermitian operator operator A). For the general case however
is called positive definite if theexpansionfunctionshavetosatisfy
certainconditions Equation (2) is
<Au;u> 0 for all Cu;u> 1. substituted in ( 1 ) and the residual is
formed.
and semidefiniteif N
- A S i Y Y X a.A?.1 (3)
i=i 1
<Au;u> I for all <u;11> I i
The eigenvaluesof an operator are given by Next, is. minimizedwithrespect to

the
stationary
points of the
Rayleigh certain welghtlng functions such that
j’
Quotient,
W.> 0 for j N
1 <Au;u> J
<u; u> Also the weighting functions have to satisfy
certain conditions to yield a stable and
accurate solution [3].The unknown constants
and lmax isthemaximumand Xmin the
are now solved from the following matrix
minimum possible value of the ratio.
It is possible for an operator not to eauation given by which is
Antennas and Propagation Newsletter, 1986
The iterative nature of the conjugate

direction method is described next as it
provides a geometrical picture as to how
this method proceeds. Recalling that for a
Hermitian
positive
definite
operator
Galerkin's method is equivalent to Rayleigh-
Ritz variational method, one
can
then
replace
the
solution
of
the
original
Let us further assume that the operator A is problem AX Y directly (as described) by
a Hermitian positive definite operator (thisthe problem of minimizationof a functional
assumption in the later sections will be F(X) defined by
relaxed, after thefundamentals
ofthe
conjugate
gradient
method
have
been F(X) <AX;X> IY;X> <X;Y>
developed).
Then
one
can
choose
the
expansion functions same as the weighting <A(X-Xe) (X-Xe) CY;Xe>
functions, i.e.
x-x, ;x-xe (-11
Pi 3 w. where AXe Y and C is a positive constant
and one obtains the well known Galerkin's
method in the general setting of the method greaterthanzero:Sincethelastterm
of moments. In that case (5) becomes <Y;Xe> is a constant for a given Y, it is
clearthatF(X) is minimizedwhen one
arrives at the true solution X=X At that
<AP .P1>. .<AP1;PN>
lP.':Pl>. .<AP2;PN][i (7)
minimum point F( X) assumes thee minimimum
value of -<Y;Xe and its first derivative
r!EiJ
F' ( X ) <AX-Y;AX> (12)
GWN;EIl>. .<APN;PN> a <Y;PN>
becomeszero as X X So forthe
and the solution for ai's are obtained by conjugate direction methodeat each step the
inverting the "moment matrix." constants ai are computed by
SupDose, now that one can choose the minimizing the functional F(X) of (11) since
expansion functions P; in such a way that each computation ofai.is independentof the
the
additional foltowing
criteria previous
computation
since
they are
decoupled.
satisfied, (i.e. they are A-orthogonal) It is important to point out that since
<AP.;P.> <P.;AP.> 0 for i#j F(X) is a quadratic functional, it has only
1 3 1 3 one minimum. Also the contours of constant
If is satisfied then thereis no need F(X) are ellipsoids of dimensions N as we
invert
themomentmatrix, as
now are seeking a solution X for X (which is
unknowns a. are simply givenby in an infinite dimensionay planee.
'So far one has not specified how to
develop the expansion functions Pi. There
<Yipi> is a large number of ways to choosePi and
a. hence there are various modifications the
1
<AP. ;P.> conjugate direction method. The conjugate
1 1 gradient method gets its name[as a special
case of the conjugate direction method) when
the expansion functions P. aredeveloped
from the gradient of the fhxtion F'(X) at
each step. The conjugate gradient methodis
described next.
Afterselecting an initialstarting
point X1, on the surfaceof the ellipsoid at
Equation ( i o ) essentiallyrepresentsthe F(X one computes the steepest descent
solution for the conjugate direction method. vec$or -F X1 and equates
The crux of the problem for the conjugate
direction method liesin the choice ofa set PI R1 -F' X1 Y-AX1 (13)
ofexpansionfunctionsP.that are A-
orthogonal, {i.e. they satisfy
from (10) it is clear that the conjugate The initial guess X1 is refined by computing
directiQn method is a direct method like x2 by
Galerkin'smethod
the
as
approximate
solution can beobtained in afinite X2 X1 alp1 (14)
number of operations.
The problemwiththe
computation where al is given by the conditionF (X is
processgivenby (10) is that ifthe 2
operator A is ill-conditioned or even a minimum. Therefore the minimum point
singular then the computational error builds x2
up in thecalculation of (10) asthe of F is on the line L through XI in the
expansion functions have to be numerically direction P1. The value of a is now given
evaluated from a set of vectors utilizing bysubstituting (14) intotkefunctional
(8). Therefore, it is easier to implement F(X) and then minimize F(X) with respect to
(10) in an iterativefashiontoform a Therefore
stable comFutationa1 process.
6
(19) represents the N - 1 dimensional plane
tl N - l whose normal is AP as shown in the
We now take the derivative of F(X2) with
respect to al and set it equal to zero, right part of the figure. Also note that
t h e solution XN must also lie on this plane.
resulting in
Therefore the search at the next iteration
for XN is limited to this ( N - 1 ) dimensional
plane l l N - l . Next, the search is directed
along the steepest descent vector
P2 of F at
It is also interesting to note thatfrom X2 in l l N - l to obtain the minimum point Xg

( 1 4 ) the residuals canbe written as
of F on theline La through X2 inthe
R2 R1 alAPI direction P2. This is shown in the left
where R2 Y-AX2. We can also solve for al part of the figure. The ( N - 2 ) dimensional
by making R2 orthogonal to P1, i.e. the plane llN-2 in l l N - l passes through X g and is
residual
at
the
minimum
point
X2 is conjugate
to Pa. The plane llN-2 also
orthogonal to the search direction P1. It
contains and hence at the next
step the
also turns out that the minimum points of F search is limited to l l N - 2 , a space of one
on lines parallel to L lie on an ( N - 1 )
dimensionalplane ll Ihroughtheminimum lower dimension. This process is continued
N- 1
and the dimension of the space of searchis
pointXeofF(X). The (N-1) dimensional reduced by one at each step. In the kth
plane l l N - l is defined by the equation step the steepest descent vector
P k at Xk in
<P1;AX-Y> 0 (19) an (N-k+l) dimensional
plane llN-k+l is
The vector APl is normal to the plane Il N-1. selectedandtheminimumpointof F on
This result is illustrated in figure-1. In the line in llN-k+l through Xk in the
thisfiguretwopoints X2 and X2 are
direction of P is obtained. The next
respectlveley, the minimum-pointsof F(X) on k
two parallel lines L 1 and L1. The directions
of these vectors are respresented by the
space of search containing 5 is the N-k
vector P1. At the minimum point X2 of F on dimensional plane IIN-k in llN-k-1 through
line L1 the gradient F'(X2) A X 2 - Y ] of F is and is conjugate to Pk. After rn N
orthogonal to L1 and hence also to P1. The steps, one obtains a point which
'
m
+ 1
point X2 therefore
satisfies coincides with the minimum point of F.
Fortunately in applications one need not
determine
the
planes llN-l; lYN-2;.
explicitly. All one needs is the formula
'k+l
2
r (Xk+l) bkPk Rk+l bkPk
So the iterative process can be summarized

as follows: We start from an initial guess
X1 and update
I 'k+l k' "kPk
Figure
Elimination. The key feature is that one
has now to go through all the N steps to
obtain ameaningful solution.
ON THECONVERGENCE OF THECONJUGATE 3.
GRADIENT METHOD.
In order
address
to theissues
agsociated with convergence, the following
problems need to be dlscussed:
1 For a fixed N, does the method
One stopstheiterationwhentheratio alwaysconvergeto
in
at
most N
steps?
(2) It is not enough to know that the
!'+kRI' becomes
small. conjugate gradient method converges, but
IIY II the question is how fast it converges
and
The basicdifferences
betweenthe (3) In the limit N does the
conjugategradientandtheconventional approximatesolution
matrix methods are now clear. They are: exact solution Xe, (if i exists)? the
(a) Theconjugategradientmethodcan IA addressing the first problem, i t is
solve any problem to a prespecified degree clear from the discussion of the previous
of accuracy. So once the solution is found section, that the conjugate gradient method
the accuracy is known. is really an optimization technique in which
(b) The method is guaranteed to converge the dimension of the space of search is
(c) One can obtain the solution directly reduced by one at each iteration. Hence,
without setting up the matrix and hence barring any round-off and truncation error
storage locations are now 6N as opposed to the method is guaranteed to converge to XN
N2
for
conventional
matrixmethodsto in at most N steps. From a computational
solve an operatorequation [6]. However, point of view, it has been our experience
there is no saving in storage if one is that the conjugate gradient method yields a
interested in solvingamatrixequation solution of engineeringaccuracy(bette?
iteratively
by
the
conjugategradient than 0.1%) in much less than N steps. The
method. problemofpropagation of round-offand
It is also interesting to observe from truncation error is discussed in the next
(22)-(26) that when the initial guess is section.
zero then the solution XN is given by The
rate of
convergence
for the
conjugate gradient method is given by
N
XN E diAi-'Y with d l 1 (27)
i=l
2
This implies that thesolution is sought in
the
space
spannedby
2the
expfp7ion
functions {Y; AY; Y;. A Y).
Therefore, in termsoftheframeworkof
matrix
methods,these
functions
then
represent the expansion functions €or this where B and b are the maximum and the
problem. It
is
observedthat
if
the minimum eigenvalue ofA inthe N-dimensional
eigenvalues of A in the N-dimensional space space.An operator may not have an eigenvalue
are clustered together then there is not in an infinite dimensional space but all
much difference between the various vectors operatorshaveeigenvaluesinafinite
of the basis functions and hence convergence dimensional space N. The bounds given by
wouldberatherswift.However, ifthe (28) lose
their
significance when
the
eigenvalues are widelyapart, as in an ill- operator A is singular. It is interesting to
conditioned problem, then
therate
of note that when A is singular, the method
convergence wouldhe slow. still converges at least as fast as l/k k
Insummary, theconjugategradient is the number of iteration) to the minimum
method at each iteration minimizes the errornorm with
solution
an
when the method is started
initial guess X: which' is
betweentheapproximatesolutionand
{s is the projection of X in the finite
dlmenslonal space N the $ace spanned by
identically zero. The third 'Issue is more
philosophical rather than numerical. Since
the basis functions Pi}, and XN is reached the conjugate gradient method minimizes an
in at most N steps. In the next section, error between the solutionX and X at each
theissuesinvolvedwiththenatureof iteration, it is clear at as% m e and
convergence are addressed. k+-, the iteration would converge to e'
If in (25) the search direction vectors [please refer to Ill)]. It is important to
are computed as follows Doint out however, that equation (11) loses
a31 its meaning if A is not Hermitian. In
that case we re'define the functional F(X)
'k+l Uk+l bkPk and also the method.
where %+1 is a unit vector with 1a at the When A is not Hermitian, one minimizes
at each iteration
(k+l)locationandzeroelsewhere,this
sarticularmethod is known asGaussian
ty starting from an initial guess XI and edge condition, which is not possible with
updating normal matrix methods.
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
an example
consider
the
electromagentic scattering from a wire of
length L 2.51, irradiated
fromthe
broadside direction by an incident
fieldEi. By assuming no circumferential
variation of the current around the wire,
Pk+l A*F$+l+%Pk with P1 A*R1 ( 3 3 ) theboundaryconditionsthenreduceto
enforcingthetotal
tangential electric
field to be zero on the conductor. surface.
(34) This results in
where A* is the adjoint operator. For this

generalcase
the
error
between
the or
approximate solution and the true solution
isminimized.Therefore as N is
guaranteed to converge to X, and hen=> the
third issue is addressed adequately.
It must be painted out that the versions where G(z,z') (37
of the conjugate gradient method presented
so farminimizetheerrorbetweenthe
estimated solution and the true solution at
each iteration.Theresiduals,in
fact
do actually increase with k and may not
decrease till the last few iteations. In
actual computation however they oscillate. In operator notation, one has
However, near the solution [lR$ is small
AJ Y (39)
and could be used as a criteria for stopping
the numerical method. Other variations of So onestartsthesolutionprocess by
conjugate
the gradient
method are assuming a certain current distribution on
illustrated elsewhere the wire. Since one is doing the solution
far all the formulas that we have numerically,
initial
current
the
presented are essentially exactas .they deal distributionJ isdescribednumerically.
with the problem in an infinite dimensional This is achievea by dividing the wire into N
space setting by treating N equal segments. [In an actual Computation N
In section it is described how the canneverbeinfintity].Then a constant
sethod is implemented numerically. current is assumed over each of the segment.
The next step in the computation process is
QUESTION ABOUT EDGE SINGULARITY evaluation of AJ I. The computation of the
The natural question that arises nowis convolution integral
and
the
double
how accurately
the
conjugate
method derivativein ( 3 6 ) is quitecomplicated.
reproduces the singular behaviour of -the However, the
computation is greatly
current at the edge. For the conventionai simplified in the transformed domain. The
matrixmethods one hastoartificially motivation for
applying
the
Fourier
introduce the edge singularity to increase transform is that the convolution of J 1 with
the rate of convergence. For the conjugate Green's function G becomes simple
a
gradient method, the solution evolves as themultiplication in the transformed domain and
iteration progresses and hence there is the computation of the double derivative
necessity to introduce edge singularities. becomes again a simple multiplication in the
It is shownthatas N XN Xe transformed domain. For example, if we
in a mean square fashion. Since the mean LefinetheFourierTransformof J1 by
square error between the two solution is Ji (kZ), then
minimized and if the solution is continuous,
thenmeansquaredconvergenceguarantees
pointwise
convergence. So one
ultimately get the correct edge behavior,
would
Jl(kz) J1(z)exp{-jkzz)dz
J
whichmaynotbepossiblewithdirect and
methods. It is also important to point out
thatinourframeworkedgesingularities
which are squared integrable are included.
Regarding edge singularities which are not
squared integrable, nothing can be said.
This is because there is no simple error
criteria to decide out of two nonsquared where
and. KO are modified
Bessel
integrable edgesingularities,which is function:' of the first and second kinds.
better! In conclusion,ifamathematical The details of the derivation m s be found
error criterion can be establishedin terms in 61, One could now compute (k, J1 in
of an error,thentheconjugategradient
method will yield automatically the right an effiEient manner by utilizlng the FFT
algorithm.
Applicationof
FFT is very the combination of FFT and the conjugate
trickyandonehastobe a w s e of the gradient method is CPU-efficient. One would
various pitfalls [6]. once AJ1 has been enjoy such computational advantages even in
computed, A J 1 can be computed by utilizing 2D and 3D problems, where the FFT can be
the inverse Fourier transform by utilized!
In figure the
total
cputime
jkzz}dkz (42 required for the computationof the current
m -0a
distribution on a 2.51 antenna of radius
O.OO?x is displayed against the number of
unknowns. It is seen' that as the number of
unknowns is increased the cpu time increases
A2 is now
evaluated
certain
at N linearly with the numberof unknowns N, as
eqhidistant points on the wire. Since Y is opposedto
var'ous
recursivealgorithms
known at the sameN points on thewire one which require operations to yield the
could compute the residual at the same N final solution.
points by R 1 Y-AJ1. One next computes P
A*R1 in an analogous fashion. First thd
transrorm of XI is compted utilizing the
FFT. A* simply turns out to be the complex
conjugate of A given i", (41). The product
of and '-X*. yields PI. The inverse FFT
yields P1 at $he sameN points where R 1 was
computed. The norm of R1 is computed by
summing the square of the values of R1 at
the N points and then multiplying sum the by
the distance between any two sampling points
on the wire antenna. The iteration process
is continued till
II R kll
0.01 (43)
in evaluating (43) it is to be emphasized

that the norm is computed at the N points
and N points only. Therefore, what happens
between the two sample points is unknown!
The accuracy however could be increased to
any degree by simply increasing N. In a
computationalprocess N canneverreach
infinity, but if N could become Infinity,
thenthetheoryprovidestheguarantee
(please see (29)) that one would obtain the
exact solution.
Several
interesting
features
are I I , I
observed for this computation: 300

( 1 ) Thesingularity
of
the
exact
kernel in (37) no longer exists i? 41) as OF
it is cancelled by the zero of (k -k
(2) The computations are carrledz out Figure Time to compute the current distributionon a wire antenna using
with the exact kernel. a conjugate gradient method.
(3) The computation of AJ1 achieved
inapproximately4N logp(4N) operations. 6. COMPARISON BETWEEN POINT MATCHING
THE CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD
Now to perform a matrix multiplicatioi! of
the form [A] Nxl J1]Nxi in the conventional It is clear from the numerical example
presented in the last section that for a
method of moments one needs to perform N2 fixed finite value ofN (as no computational
operations to obtain the product. Hence the method can practically treat the case of
application
of
the FFT and
conjugate N the inner products and the norms of
gradie'nt method is efficient. certain
vectors
have
to
be
computed
One
needs
about 6N
storage numerically,sinceanalyticalevaluations
locationstosolve
the
present
problem are impossible. In order to evaluate the
utilizingthisaDproachratherthanthe norms on a computer, the functions have to
be sampledatcertainpoints.Hence, by
conventional N2 for the matrix methods. definition, all numerical methods are a form
It is important to point out that ofpointmatching.Indeedundercertain
at each iteration, the conjugate gradient conditions (when the number of match points
method is recomputing each element of the equal the number of unknowns) the various
"impedance matrix" and yet the computation matrix methods reduce to point matching even
of the entire matrix elements along with thoughonemay"think"thatGalerkin's
the
matrix product [A]Nm[J1]Nxl is achieved in method is being utilized [?I. This alsq
occurs when the inner products are computed
about 4N log2 (4N) operations.Therefore by some quadrature
of formula [I].
Therefore one should not frown upon a pointHowever, if double precision com.puation is
matchingsolution. Indeed as the match utilized, the conjugate gradient method does
points approach infinity, the solution tendsconverge without any problem at all! In
to a least squares solution. short, whenthe method does not converge, it
In short, almost all numerical methods is either due to incorrect programing Or
carried out on a computer are some form of for not using enough significant bits to
point matching,irrespective ofwhatthe storethe
information describing
the
initial solution method is. Secondly, the problem.
fundamentaldifferencebetweenthepoint 8.CONCLUSION
matching method and the conjugate gradient The
conjugate gradientmethod is
method appears to be in the fact that as presented the and its relationship
to
number of match points and the unknowns N conventional matrix methods delineated. The
are increased, the solution yielded by the greatestadvantage
the
iterative
of
conjugategradientmethodapproaches Xe, conjugate
gradient
method is that
whereas this cannot be guaranteed for the convergence is
theoretically guaranteed
point matching procedures associated with under all conditions. The method has the
general matrix methods. advantages of both a direct method, as the
final solution is obtained in at most N
7. EFFECT OF ROUNDOFF TRUNCATION ERROR steps, and that of an iterative method. The
In an iterative method, the round-off round-offandtruncationerrorsdonot
and truncation errors do not propagate as propagate but are limited to the last stage
they do in for direct methods, like Gaussianof iteration. Finally, it is shown that for
elimination. The errors are
generally Toeplitz
operators,method
the in
limited to the last stage of iteration. It conjunction with FFT yields a solution with
has been our experience that the round-off B(N) operations as oppped torecursive
and
truncation error
has
very
little methods which requireB ( N operations.
influence on the convergence process. Our The conjugate gradient methodprov.ides
experienceinvolvessolu.tionof a wide a sound theoretical basis for the solution
variety of problems including solution of of an operator equation. However for some
ill-conditioned matrix problems and singularproblems from a purely computational point
operatorequations.Forexample,inthe ofview the
end product in a finite
solution of a matrix equationAX Y , where dimensional space is similar with the matrix
A is a 20 x 20 Hilbert matrix, which has a method,exceptthatthequalityofthe
30 solution can be obtained as a byproduct
conditionnumber-10 theround-offand without any additional computations.
truncation errorsdid
not
affectthe 9. REFERENCES
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a single valid example for which the methodconjugate gradient method for the solution
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in
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from
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the pp.1156-1172, Sept 1984.
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Auto.
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ininitial
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K. Kawamuera and R. Volz,"On the rate of 1971pp.1357-1361. I
convergence of the conjugate gradient reset A.L. Yettram andM.J.S. Hirst, "The solution
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1 9 6 6 , pp.1965-1967. T. K. Sarkar et.al., "Deconvolution of
13
impulse response from time limited input and
output: Theory and experiment;. IEEE Trans. E.
Inst. Meas. Dec. 1985, pp.541-546.
H. Chen, T. K. Sarkar, A . Dianat and J.
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Estimation
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proc., April 1986, pp.272-284.
Beginning with the current issue, Prof. Tapan K.

Sarkar will share the position of Associate Editor for
Feature Articles on the AP-S Newsletter staff with
Prof.Arlon T. Adams. Tapan will takeprimary Larl Baum was born in Binghamton, New York, on
responsibility for soliciting and editing feature February 6,1940.He received the BS (with honor),
articles. This addition to the Newsletter staff has MS, and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the
been made at the request and suggestion of Arlon, who California Institute of Technology, in 1962, 1963, and
is beginning to feel the demands of chairing the 1988 1969, respectively.
AP-S International Symposium and National Radio
Science Meeting to be held at Syracuse University. Dr. Baum was commissioned in the United States Air
Force in 1962 and was stationed at the Air force
To be accurate, Arlon originally tried to resign. Weapons Laboratory from 1963 to 1967 and from 1968 to
However, your Editor refused to let the Newsletter so 1972. Since 1971 hehas served as a civil servant
easily lose Arlon's experience and expertise.Itis vrith the position of Senior Scientist at the Air Force
appropriate pause and thank Arlon for his Weapons Laboratory. He is an advisor to numerous
outstanding work. In theapproximatelyoneand Army, Navy, Air Force, and tri-service agencies on
one-half years since Arlon began as Associate Editor EMP-related matters, and is a US representative in
for Features, he has set a new standard for this exchanging EMP information with various countries.
critical position. The articles he has obtained have
been of uniformly high quality. As this issue goes to Dr. Baum is a Fellow of the IEEE. He is a member of
press, the Newsletter has comnittments for two feature TauBeta Pi andSigma Xi. He a member of
articles per issue throughout the next year of Conmissions B and E of USNC/URSI, and the New
publication. Tapan and Arlon have set a goal to nexico Academy ofScience. He is past president of
maintain this "lead time", and use the resultant the Electromagentics Society, and founder and
flexibility to expand the scope of Newsletter features presidentof SUMMA Foundation.He received the IEEE
in response to suggestions from the AP-S membership. EMC Society Richard Stoddart award, and has
In particular, it is hoped that over the next year a received numerous other awards as author of technical
practice of having at least one article per issue by papers and as editor of EMP technical publications.
an author or authors from outside the can be
established. The possibility of having an additional
feature article (i-e., three) in some and eventually
most issues is also being persued.
.It is perhaps fitting that Tapan takes on this
position with the issue in which he is also the author
of one of the feature articles. His photo and
biographical sketch appear adjacent to the article.
If any reader has suggestions or coments regarding
the Newsletter's feature articles or, best of all, Joseph Jahoda is seeking out-of-print antenna
an article or a suggestion for a topic and an author books. He also wants backissuesoftheAP-S
please contact Tapan at the address listed inside the Transactions, AP-S International Symposia Digests, and
front cover. Microwave Theory and Techniques Transactions, all
prior to 1985. He willpay a reasonable price and
Your Editor welcomes Tapan to the Newsletter shippins. Contact him at Astron Cornoration. 929
staff. His willingness to serve our Society and his Broad -St., Suite '249, Fa1 1s Church, 22046
enthusiasm are greatly appreciated. (703-241-1490).
No.
E P(s)
E
(1.1)
I jw
Antennas and Propagation Soclety Newsletter, August
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Mathematics Not;
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D.P.
1981,
F2.
F.
H.
J.L.,
Young describe the Ohio State contributions

tt
oh e understanding of electromagnetic
scattering. This special program was held to
inform students of the interesting work of
the
Society and
encourage
students
to
join the IEEE and AP-S.
The AP-S Best Chapter Award is presented
each year to the Chapter which provides the
best service to Society members at the Sec-
tion level. The Award results from a vote of
current year Chapter Chairmen. Their vote i s
based on a detailed report from each Chapter
describing
meeting
topics,
duration
and
attendance during the year.
The number of AP-S Chapters has grown by

The AP-S Columbus Ohio Chapter waspre- more than a third during this past year.
sented the Society Best Chapter Award for Moreover, it appears that over 90% of these
1985-1986 at the Philadelphia International Chapters are active in providing service to
AP-S SymposiumonJune 11. Receivingthe their Society members. For the first time,
award was D r. Roberto Rojas, newly elected the Society maintains an organizational pre-
Secretary of t h e Chapter, on behalf of the sence on five continents t h e Americas,
Chapter
Chairman, Dr, Inder Gupta. Dr- Europe, Africa and Asia.
Edward Newman was the Columbus Chapter Vice This record of growth and interest in
Chairman and Dr. Allen Dominek was Secretary. Societytechnicalactivities is impressive
All of the Columbus Chapter officers are from and due to the outstanding efforts of our
theOhioStateUniversityElectroScience Chapter officers, speakers and Distinguished
Laboratory. This was the second consecutive Lecturers. A s the following pages of Chapter
year that the Columbus Chapter has won this news indicate, our Chapters have an enviable
important Society award. record of accomplishment in organizing and
The Columbus Chapter conducted an out- conducting technical pragrams throughout the
standing program of technical meetings for year.
its members. The program consisted of ten TheSocietyrecognizesthisChapter
technicalmeetingscoveringavariety of vitality and supports Chapter activities as
topics in antennas, propagation, scattering an important means for providing member ser-
andfundamentalelectromagnetic theory. Of vices. TheDistinguishedLecturer program,
special note a "back t o school" meeting described in the
June
issue of the
during which students heard Dr. Jonathan Newsletter,permitseachChapter t o hear
23
l e a d i negx p e r i5t nsuf ir e l d . A Chapter p r e s e n t e db y Dr. T a t s u oI t o h U
, n i v e r s i t yo f
f i n a n c i saul p p opr rt o g r aemx i sat n st hd e Texas, Dr. W i 1l i a m G e t s i n g e r , COMSAT L a b o r a -
ADCOM a t t h e i r J u n e m e e t i n g v o t e d to increase tories and R a l p hB r o o k e r .
t h i ss u p p o r t t o C h a p t e r s who p r o p o s e q u a l i t y
member s e r v i c ep r o g r a m s . A l s o at t h e i r
J u n em e e t i n g ,t h e ADCOM v o t e d t o a c c e p tp r o -
posal s for the funding of special projects by March 10, 1986; "Low S i d e l oRb ee f l e c t o r
tChh e a p t eEr sx. a m pslouep fcsrho j e c t s A n t e n n a s , ' 'H e l m u tS c h r a n k ,W e s t i n g h o u s eE l e c -
m i g hbm te i n i - s y m p o s i al e, c t u r e series, or t r i c C o r p o r a t i o na n d AP-S D i s t i n g u i s h e dL e c -
d e s i gwno r k s h o pTs .hSeo c i e t y i s open to turer. A summary of Mr. Schrank's t a l k
y o usru g g e s t i o nfsobr e t t ewr a y s to serve published in the February Newsletter.
S o c i e t ym e m b e r s a t t h e local l e v e l .
I fy o u rS e c t i o nd o e sn o ts u p p o r ta n March " R a d aC r r o s s - S e c t i o nR e d i c -
Chapter, it is t i m e t o f o r m a C h a p t earn d tion Pf oe r f e cC
t loyn d u c t iOnbgj e c t s , "
t a k e a d v a n t a g eo ft h e s e service p r o g r a m s .T h e R o b e r tS h i n , HIT L i n c o l n L a b o r a t o r i e s
IEEE By-Laws r e q u i r et h a t a new C h a p t e r
bfea r m e bdpy e t i t i o fnr o m twelve Inthistalk,thescattering of electro-
more S e c t im on e m b e ar sb ,otSvhteeu d e n t m a g n e t i c waves f r o m f l a t p l a t e s t r u c t u r e s was
grade, who are a l s o members of t h eA n t e n n a s d i s c u s s e d .F l a tp l a t e s are i m p o r t a n tc a n o n i -
a n dP r o p a g a t i o nS o c i e t y T . h ep e t i t i o n is t o cal s h a p e s i n t hper e d i c t i o n of RCS.
sbueb m i t t e d t o y oSuerc t i o n Executive i m p r o v e dp h y s i c a lt h e o r y of d i f f r a c t i o n (PTD)
Committee, v i a t hSe e c t i oSn e c r e t a r yf ,o r solution d e r i v e da n dc o m p a r e dw i t ho t h e r
a p p r o v aT l .hpee t i t i osnh o u lsdp e c i ftyh e solutions. An a p p r o x i m a t ee x p r e s s i o nf o rt h e
name y o uS r e c t i o ny, o u S r o c i e t ya n dt h e s u r f a c ec u r r e n t s d
, e c o m p o s e di n t ot h eu s u a l
n a m ea n da d d r e s so y f ouC r hapteo r rganizer. p h y s i c a lo p t i c sc u r r e n ta n dt h ed i f f r a c t i o n
I t i s a d v i s a b lt eh ay tohua v e more t h a n c u r r e n td u e to edges, is u s e d t o d e r i v e t h e
t w e l v em e m b e r ss i g ny o u rp e t i t i o n to insure solution,The PTD may b e u s e d w i t h t h e m e t h o d
v ia b i 1i t yo fy o u rC h a p t e r . The S o c i e t y , of moments i n a h y b r i d fashion t o improve
through its C h a p tA e rc t i v i t i C
e so m m i t t e e , f u r t h e r t h e a c c u r a c y of t h e s o l u t i o n .
w i l l b e g l a d t o a s s i s t b yp r o v i d i n gt h en a m e s
of S o c i emt ye m byeiornSsuerc t iaonnd clpril "Advanced Sensors f o r Micro-
s u p p o r t i nygo upre t i t i otnh r o u gthh e IEEE wave R e m o t e S e n s i nPgr,o' 'f e sCsaolrv i n
a p p r O V ap1r o c e s s . I t ' s n o t a t o u g jho b so S w i f tU
, niversity cf M a s s a c h u s e t t as n d Ap-S
why n o tj o i n w i t h s o m e of y o u r col l e a g u e s , D i sti n g u i s h e d L e c t u r e r
f o r m a C h a p t e ra, n d t a k e advantago eyf o u r
S o c i e t ys u p p o r tp r o g r a m sf o rC h a p t e r activi- P r o f e s s o rS w i f t ' sp r e s e n t a t i o nr e v i e w e d
t i es? contemporary, s a t e l l i t e b o r n e microwave re-
mote s e n s i n gt e c h n o l o g ya n d i, np a r t i c u l a r ,
addressed t w o a d v a n c e d sewsor d e v e l o p m e n t s
T hyi es aC r sh a p t ae cr t i v i rt ey p o r t s w h i c h are u n d e r s t u d y f o r a p p l i c a t i o n i n t h e
i n d i c a t e many s i g n i f i c a n tt e c h n i c a lm e e t i n g s late T h e s e are a s p a c e b o r noec e a n
d u r i n gt h ey e a r .T h ef o l l o w i n g i s a summary c u r r e n ts e n s i n gr a d a r w i t h t h e g o a lo fo c e a n
tohfe m
s ee e t i n gTs h
. anks t o a l l o f our current vector m e a s u r e m e n t t o a na c c u r a c yo f
C h a p t e ro f f i c e r s for p l a n n i n ga n dc o n d u c t i n g
5 cm/sec, a n d a microwave r a d i o m e t e rs y s t e m
t h a tu s e s a t h i n n e da r r a yo f s t i c k antennas
these programs of service t o S o c i e t y members.
And t h a n k s too f o ry o u rr e g u l a rr e p o r t i n go f
to synthetically produce images of the earths
s u r f ace.
m e e t i n g s t o y o u r N e w s l e t t e r Associate E d i t o r .
May " M i c r o s t r iPpa t cRha d i a t o r s
for Phased Array
Antennas," J. D. H a n f l i n g ,
R a y t h e o n Company,
J u n e 16, "Hybrid M o d e Horn Antennas,
E r i kL i e r ,N o r w e g i a nI n s t i t u t eo fT e c h n o l c g y T h i s t a l k s u m m a r i z e dr e c e n tt h e o r e t i c a l
and"Ref l e c t o r A n t e n n a P r o j e c t s a t t h e E l e c - a n de x p e r i m e n t a l w o r k t o p r o v i d e a more
t r o n i c sR e s e a r c hL a b o r a t o r yo ft h eN o r w e g i a n p l e ut en d e r s t a n d i no tgho
f ep e r a t i oa nn d
I n s t i t u t eo fT e c h n o l o g y , Per-Simon Kildal, performance trends of microstrip patch radia-
N o r w e g i a nI n s t i t u t eo fT e c h n o l o g y . t o r s u spielnad npahr a saerdr a yTsh. e
performanceparametersdiscussedinclude ele-
ment p a t t e r n s polarization,drivingpoint
i m p e d a n c ve e r s ussc a n a n g l e a n fdr e q u e n c y ,
December " M i 11 i meter-Wave p a t cr ah d i a t roer s o n a fnrte q u e n ca yn d
M o n o l i t h iTc e c h n o l o g y , " Dr. B a r rSyp e i l m a n , s c a n n i nagn o m a l i es su c h a s g r a t i nlgo b e s ,
N a v a lR e s e a r c hL a b o r a t o r y . surface wave b l i n d naleensaw
d
skayv e
f e e d r ea snodn a n c e s resonances.
February 1986; " T h eA p p l i c a t i o n of HiCI-0- C o m p u t a t i o n a li s s u e rs u c h a s p a t c he d g ec o n -
Te'chnology t o t h eD e t e c t i o na n dT r e a t - d i t i o na n dp r o b ep a t c hi n t e r f a c e , as w e l l as
m e noC
tf a n c e r , K e n n e t h L. Carr, M/A-COM experimental issues s u c h as t h e u s e o f wave-
Inc. a n d MTT-S N a t i o n a L l ecturer. summary guide simulators a n d s m a l l a r r a y s were
of M r . C a r r ' s p r e s e n t a t i o n w a s p u b l i s h e di n di scussed.
theFebruaryissueofthe Newsletter.
March 17, " L a r gD

e e p l o y a b lR
e eflector
Antennas for Space Applications A New Era," April "Mini Microwave Expo,"
D r . YahyaRahmat-Samii Jet P r o p u l s i o n L a b o r - C l a r e n c e L. Arnow, P l o d e r a t o r , M i c r o - N o w In-
atory. strument IL.
April "Modern MIC Transmission T h e 1a t e s t d e v e l o p m e n t s i n microwave

Media a n dC i r c u i t s , o n ed a y s h o r t course instrumentationandcomponents w e r e displayed
anddiscussedduringthisafternoonand May "Advanced Sensors for Microwave
evening pre-ntation. Remote Sensing," Professor Calvin T. Swift,
University of Massachusetts
and AP-S
May "Microstrip Antennas: Theory, Distinguished
Lecturer.
summary
A of
Experiments and mplications," Professor Y. Professor Swift's talk is given above.
Lo, University of Illinois and AP-S
Distinguished
Lecturer.
summary
A of
Professor Lo's presentation was published in
the JuneNewsletter. March "The CIFWAL Compact Antenna
Measurement
Range," Dr. Brian
Kent, AF
June "Advanced
Developments in Wright Aeronautical Laboratories.
Waveguide Components and Networks, Dr. Saad
M. Saad, Andrew Corporation, Orland Park, IL. April "AnIterativeMethodfor
Predicting EM Scattering,"ProfessorGary
last decade has nitnEssed an unpre- Thi el e, University o+ Dayton.
cedented rise in the demands on communica-
ti ons channels. This
demandhas
been Until t h e advent of the digital compu-
adequately met so far by evolving the terres- ter, most techniques for calculating electro-
tri a1 mi crowave-re1 ay and sate1 1 i t e communi magnetic scattering were classical innature.
cations system into frequency reuse and mul- The and say the developmentof t h e
ti band
operati on. This
presentation method of moments and high frequency techni-
discussed
some of the technological ques. The are witnessing an interest
challenges of such an evolution with emphasi5 in iterative techniques due to the architec-
on the development of necessarywaveguide ture of super computers.
components andnetworks.Recentinventions I n this talk, Professor Thiele described
in specific devices such as combining net- recently developed iterative techniques that
works,circularly polarizednetworksand provide an alternative t o t h e moment method
wavegui de transitions were reviewed. in the intermediate frequencyregion.
February "Computer Aided Design of

April "UsingSpectralEstimation Microstrip Circuits and Antennas, Professor
Techniques in Adaptive Array Systems," Dr. K. Gupta, University of Colorado.
William F. Gabriel Naval Research
Laboratory.
summary
A of Dr. Gabriel's March "Modelling of Microstrip
Antennas and
Circuits, Professor
presentation was published in the June News-
Alexopoulos, University California at
letter.
Angel e5.
May 6, "Low
Sidelobe Ref lector
April "The Application of Microwave
Antennas,"Helmut E. Schrank,Westinghouse
Electric Corporation and AP-S Distinguished Technology to the Detection and Treatment of
Lecturer. A summary of Mr. Schrank's presen- Cancer," I (. L. M/A-CON Inc. and MTT-S
tati on was publ i shed in the February Newslet-DistinguishedLecturer.Asummary of Mr.
ter. Carr's presentationwaspublished in the
February issue of t h e Newsletter.
May "The of Aperture

October "Design Features and Deve- Efficiencies," T. A. Milligan,
Martin
lopment of Stripline Manifolds for X-Band Marietta, Denver.
PhasedArrayRadarAntennas, Wi 1 1 iam
Powers, Texas Instruments, Inc. May "Microwave Remote Sensing of
Sea Ice," Professor C. T. Swift, University
November "Application of Dyadic of Massachusetts and AP-S Di st i ngui shed
Green's Functions to Electromagnetic Prob- Lecturer.
lems," Professor C. T. Tai, Universityof
Michigan. Knowledge of the properties of =a ice
are of interest to users such as oil coepan-
January Hemisphwically Scanning ies wish to extend the drilling season
X/Ka Band High Power Mirror Antenna for Ship-and provide safe navigation. Other interes-
board Self-Def ense, Kurt Hol 1 enbeck, Texas ted parties include climatologists and t h e
Instruments, Inc. military. Microwaveradiometershavebeen
the prime remote-sensing tool for sea ice
February "IntegratedElectronics properties since
the
early The
and Optical Circuits, Professor Jonathan NIHBUS-5 singlefrequency
radiometerwas
Baqby, University Texas at Arlington. enhancedin withthelaunch of the
Scanning Multichannel Microuave Radiometer.
March "New Techniques for Diagnos- With the availabilityof several frequencies,
Radar
tic
Cross-Section
Measurements," algorithms were developedt o discriminate new
ProfessorJonathan Young, TheOhioState ice from old witha high degree of accuracy.
University. Radar scatterometers have been developed to
monitor ice edge and pack-ice boundaries and
April "Low Sidelobe Phased Array may have a capability t o monitor changes in
Antennas,"Helmut E. Schrank,Westinghouse surf a c e roughness and volume inclusions.
Electric Corp. and AP-S Distinguished This talk presented results fromthese sen-
Lecturer. A summary of Schrank's presen- considered
and underlying
the
tationwas publ ished
in the
February electromagnetic principles that, allow the
News1 etter. development of successful algorithms t o re-
trieve the geophysical parameters of inter- January "Activity in Antenna Analy-
est si s and Design at Seleni a, Dr. B. Pal umbo,
Selenia, Rome.
October "High
ResolutionRadar February I%&; "Mi 1 1 imeterWaves,
Imaging," Dr. D. Mensa, Pacific Missile Test Harlan HOWF, Inc.
Center, Point Magu.
March "SatelliteCommunications
November 2,5, "Microwave Remote Sensing Antennas," James Cook, Scientific Atlanta.
o b 1 ems, Professor
Robert
McIntosh,
University of Massachusetts. April "Microstrip
Antennas,"
Robert Munson, Ball Aer-pace Corporation.
January "Design Considerations for
Broadbanding Phased Array Elements beyond Two June "Compact
Ranges,
Gerald
Octaves, George Monser,Raytheon Co. Hickman, Scientific Atlanta.
Goleta.
February "Antenna
Design
Using
Personal Computers, Prof essor David Pozar March "Wi deband
Monopul se
University Massachusetts. Antennas, David Thomas, Watkins-Johnson, San
Jose.
March "Planar Millimeter-wave and
MicrowaveAntennas,"FarzinLalezari,Ball
Aerospace Company, Boulder. April "Numerical Solution Techni-
We5 in Electromagnetics," Prof. Donald
May 13, "Wideband
Electro-Optical Wilton,
University of Houston and w-s
MicrowaveBeam+orming
Techni que, Leo Distinguished Lecturer.
Cardone, ITT Gilfillan, Van Nuys.
A d v a n c s in numerical solution techni-
ques and in computer techno1og.y have had a
dramatic impact on the capability to salve
electromagnetic boundary
value
problems.
October "LandMobileSatellite Qnly
recently
have
the
computational
Service, Anthony Noerpel Bel 1 Communica- approaches for simpler structures been gener-
ti on5 Research Inc. alized sufficiently t o permit the treatment
of arbitrary geometries. In this presenta-
October "The Aviation Electronics tion, Professor Wilton discussed these advan-
Challenges Composite Airframes, Merton ces with consideration restricted t o inte-
Dubois, AVRADA, Fort Monmouth, N.J. gral
and integrodifferentialformulations
forconductingantennasandscatters.The
November "Time Delay Spread important issuer and choices in developing
Measurements at inand
around numerical algorithms were discussed and exam-
Bui 1 di ngs, D. Devasirvatham, Bel 1 ples of current capabilities were i l lus-
Communications Research, Inc. A summary of trated.
this talk was published in the February issue
of the Newsletter. May "Microstrip Antennas Theory,
Experiments, Applications and New Results,"
January "CellularTelecommunica- Fro+essor T. Lo, University of Illinois
tions Improving Service for Roaming Subscri- and RP-S DistinguishedLecturer.TheJune
bers," John Schubel, CITLT Bell Laboratories. issue of t h e Newsletter summarizes
Professor Lo's talk.
February "Large Deployable Reflector
AntennasforSpace Applications,*' Dr.
Rahmat-Sami i Jet Propul5i on Laboratory-
October "TouroftheNavy VLF
March "Microwave Remote Sensing of Transmitting Station and Antenna Installa-
Sea Ice," Professor Calvin Swift, University tion,
Jim Creek, Washington," Lt. Kevin
of Massachusetts
and AP-S Distinguished Hostb j
Lecturer. summary this presentation is
given above. December 9, "High Performance Gabs FET
Mono1 i thic Plicrowave Switches, David
April "Radiation from an Integrated Fryklund, M/A-CON Inc.
Diel ectri c S1 ab-Wedge Structure, Prof e s s r
6. Whitman,
New
Jersey
Institute
of February "Microwave Applications in
Technology. Fiber Optics, 'I Randy Randal 1, Tektronix,
Inc.
March 27, "The Clpplication of Microwave

May 15, "Radar Signature Technology," Technology to the Detectionand Treatment of
Dr. Orin Kesler, Texas Instruments. Cancer, Kenneth Carr, M/CI-COM andMTT-S
Distinguished Lecturer.
July "ElectromagneticInteraction September "Low Temperature Behavior

withBiologicalSystems,"Professor J. MDS Devices, RichardJaeger,Auburn
Lin, University of Chicago. University and ED-S Distinguished Lecturer.
December 1985; "Numerical Solution Techni-
ques in Electromagnetics," Professor Donald
Wilton,
University of Houstonand AP-S May, 1986; "Microstrip
Patch
Antennas,"
Distinguished Lecturer. See summary above. Professors D. Pozar
and D. Schaubert,
University Massachusetts.
January 30, 1986; "Application of Microwave
Technology to the Detection and Treatment of
Cancer," Kenneth Carr, M/A-COM Inc. and MTT-
S Distinguished Lecturer. Carr's talk is
summarized in the February Newsletter. Hay 22, 1986; "TheElectromagneticInverse
Problem," Professor Boerner, Universi-
February 11, 1986; "Low Sidelobe Phased Array ty of Illinois at Chicago
Antennas,"
Helmut
Schrank,Westinghouse
Electric Corp. and AP-S Distinguished
Lecturer-. A summary of Schrank's talk
was published in the FebruaryNewsletter.
July 17, 1985; "The Promise of Magneto-optic
April 1986; "Electromagnetics Research at Recording, Mark H. Kryder, Carnegie-Mellon
the Ohio State University," Professor Leon University.
Peters, Jr., Ohio State University.
October 16, 1985; "Application of Microwave
Techolagy to the Detection and Treatment
Cancer," Kenneth Carr, M/f+COM Inc. and MTT-
S Distinguished Lecturer. A summary of Mr.
February 1986; "DistortionAnalysisin Carr's presentation publishedinthe
Ref lector Antennas, Dr. Miguel Calvo. February 1986 Newsletter.
March 20, 1986; "Hybrid MM/GTD Methods," Dr. November 25, 1985; "ElectromagneticRemote
Mi guel Mar
in Sensing,"
Robert
McIntosh,
University
Massachusetts.
April 25, 1986; "Adaptive Arrays, Dr. Luis
Vergara. Apri 1 24, 1986; "What the IEEE Can Do for
You," Bud Eldon, Hewlett Packard.
May 28, 1986; "Target Adaptive Matched Illu-

mi nator Radars with SAR Appl i cati ons, March 18, 1986; "Cross-CorrelationAntenna
Professor D. Gjessing, University of Systems with
ModifiedPrincipalSolution
Nor way. Spatial
Frequency Transfer
Functions,
ProfessorRobert
MacPhie,
University
of
June, 1986; "Slot Array Antennas" and "Pat- Water 1 CANADA.
tern Synthesis for Linear and Planar Arrays,
Prof e950r Robert El 1 iott University of Receiving antenna systems provide the
California at Los
Angeles and AP-S principal solution to the radio source map-
Distinguished Lecturer. ping
problem if their spatial
frequency
transfer functions (SFTF) are constant over
The problem of designing an array of theentirespatialfrequencypassband and
broad wall and narrow wall slots fed by wave- drop abruptly t o z e r o at band edges. Such
guide
was discussed. Pattern and
input SFTFs are obtainable with cross-correlation
impedance considerations and the effect of techniques. associated power pattern for
mutual coupling on the design was presented. the one-dimensional "1 ine source" system has
R procedure for the synthesis of a sum undesirably slow diminishing sidelobes. The
or difference pattern wherein the height of weighting distribution for the line soure has
every side lobe is individually specificed an inverse taper with singularities at the
was described in the second talk. The end points.
dure rests on an azimuthal perturbation of These dif ifcul ti es have been overcome
the roots on a Schelkunoff unit circle and with the introduction of modified principal
appliesforanyelementspacing and scan solution systems whose SFTFs, flat over most
angle. Application of theprocedure to of t h e S F passband, have a smoothly varying
planar arrays via the collapsed distribution transition function at band edges.
principlewas
discussedand
experimental
validation of the results was offered. Rpri 1 15, 1986; "Advanced Sensors for Micro-
waveRemote Sensing, Professor
Calvin
Swift, University of Massachusetts and AP-S
Di st i ngui shedLecturer. summary of
May 14, 1986; "A B-ISDN System: Concept and Professor Swift's
pre-ntatian is given
Technology," an invited paper by Dr. H. J - above.
Matt, Standard Elektrik L w e n t z , Stuttgart,
and "Digital Radio Systems with May 1986; "In Celebration of the Pioneers
PSK and Modulation: System Concepts, and Voyagers: t o Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Dr. K. L e u e n b w g w ,R a d i o Re1 aySystems Beyond," Dr. William Ward, MIT Lincoln
Group, PTT, Bern, SWITZERLAND. Laboratory and Distinguished Lecturer.
June 26, 1986; "TheDesign of Microwave Dr. Ward addressed this banquet style
Arrays Prof Robert El 1 i ott joint meeting AP-S, and AE-S Chapter
University of California at Angeles and members and their spouses. Dr. Ward presen-
Di stingui shed Lecturer A summary of teddramaticpictures of Jupiter,Saturn,
W o f e s s o r Elliott's talk is given above. Uranus,theirringsandtheirsatellites.
Antennas Society August
These pictures were transmitted to Earth by Santa Clara Don Rucker

Pioneer 10 and 11 and Voyager 1 and 2. Dr, Val 1 ey
Ward looked behind these pictures t o s e e h o w 495 Java Drive
they came tobe: t o learn how the spacecraft Post Office 3510
uork. During the lecture and demonstration, Sunnyvale CA 94088-3510
Dr. Ward described how the Pioneer and Voya- (4081 2888 Ext 6735
ger spacecraft were built to explore the
cmter planets, how they were launched, t h e Southeastern Paul C. 6oodman
scientific data they gathered and marveled at Mi chi gan Midwest Microwave
t h e unimagined uonders that they revealed. 3800 Packard Road
Ann Arbor HI 48184
(313) 971-1992
St. LouisJeannineMyer
RR #l, 97A
The f ol lowing have been added recently Edwardsville IL 62825
t o our list of Chapter Chairmen andwomen. (324) 234 6430
Atlanta Paul Stef+- Washington- D r
. J. B. L. Rao
School of Electrical Engineering Northern
Code
Georgia Institute of Technology
Virginia Naval Research Laboratory
Atlanta 30332
(404) 894-3120
Washington D.C.
(3011 794 7109
Boston Ik. Leonard Schwab
3 Olde Lantern Road
Acton 01720
(617) 263-1694 FOCUS O N
Columbus Ik. H. N e n m a n
m e Dhio State University
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Colursbus OH 43212
(614) 422-4999
Del a 51 Dr. Charles Rhoads Prof Naohisa *to

I
Chairman
Texas Instruments Inc.
P.O. B o x 801 Tokyo "-6 Chapter
h i 1 Stop 8019
HcKinney TX 75069
(214) 952 2897
Huntsvi 11 e Eric Boy-

'&my Missile Command Naohisa &to in Utsunoriya,
m 1 - X Y Japan on June 1935. He received the B.S.,
Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 and Ph-D. degrees .From the Tokyo Insti-
876-4325 tute of Technolugy,Tokyo,Japan,allin
electricalengineering,in 1959, 1961 and
13rl ando Matthew J. Kiss 1 9 6 4 respectively.
Martin Marietta Aerospace From 19& to 1968 he mas an Cksociate
P.0. 58373 Pro+essPr at the Training Institute +or Engi-
Orlando 3zB5J neering Teachers, Tokyo Institute of Techno-
(3051 356 6549 logy. From 1968 to 1975 he an Associate
Professor at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Philadelphia D
r. Ashok K. clgrawal 1975 t o 1 9 8 0 h e anAssociate
HSRD Rofersor, andsince1980hehasbctna
H a i l Stop 101-105 Professorthe
Tokyo
at Insitute of
Borton Landing Road Technology. He studied array antennas
Hoorestown NJ andnaveguidecouplers .For +usionplasma
MB91 722 3405
The following information appeared in the Spring, Ine result is singular. You require the reason; I
I
1986 IEEEEducationSocietyNewsletter.YourEditor not know it. I find a frank acknowledgment one's
believes it might be appropriate that it be required ignorance is not only the .easiest way to get rid of a
reading for all authors of papers for the Transactions difficulty, but the likeliest way to obtain
and synposi a. information, and therefore I practice it. I think it
an honest policy. Those who affect to be thought to
In 1755, Benjamin Franklin reported on an know everything, often remain ignorant of many things
.experiment concerning static electricity, the results that others could and w:uld instruct them in, if they
.of which he found puzzling. He commented as follows: appeared less conceited.
XXIInd GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the The Open Symposium has been planned to cover
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF RADIO SCIENCE basically all the areas of the use CAD in radio
science. However, special emphasis is placed upon CAD
Tel Aviv, Israel, August 24-September4, 1987 in microelectronics.Papersdescribingrecent
achievements in the topological/strucwral design and
Progress in computer technology has brough forth computer simulation of ICs/LSI/VLSI are particularly
a dramatic change in the design technologies in solicited.aonepageabstractshouldbe submitted
various areas of radio science, such as the design of before 31 October 1986 to the
colnmunication systems, radio equipment such as
antennas, receivers, and transmitters, radio Covenor: J . Henaff
components such as microwave waveguide components, and CNET-DICET
various electronic circuits and electron devices. 38-40 rue du General Leclerc
Particularly noteworthy has been the rapid progress in F-92131 Issay-les-Moulineaux
the computer-aided design (CAD) of microelectronic France
devices such as ICs, LSI, and VLSI.
XXIInd
GENERAL
ASSEMBLY
of the Guidance may be
obtained
from
the
following
list
of
INTERNATIONAL
UNION
RADIC
OF SCIENCE
tentative
topics:
Tel
Aviv.,
Israel,
August
24-September 4, 1987 1. Foundations of Inverse Scattering Theory
2. Target Identification and Classification
Inversemethods play an importantrole in
many
3. Profile Reconstruction
seemingly unrelated disciplines, ranging from 4. Nondestructive Evaluation and Testing
geophysical seismic exploration to biomedical Multidimensional Imaging and Inverse
applications, and to problems in electromagnetics and Scattering
acoustics.However, these disciplines possessmany 6. Signal Processing and Extrapolation
underlying similarities. Techniques for Imagingand Inverse Problems
In thetwo-day symposium,commonmethodological Prospectiveauthors are askedtosubmitaone
techniques are to be addressed by invited and pageabstractbefore31October1986totheCovenor:
contributed papers. The objective istoreviewand
discuss methods pertinent to various problems rather Dr. L. Jaggard
than to describe specific applications. The Moore School of Electrical Engineering
University of Pennsylvania
Papersaresolicited o n all aspects of Philadelphia 19104
reconstruction,
imaging, and inverse scattering. USA
XXIInd
GENERAL
ASSEMBLY of the Papers
dealing
with new
advances in mm-wave
UNION OF RADIO
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE techniques andapplications these
techniques
are
invited. Prospective authors are asked to submit a one
Tel Aviv, Israel, August 24-September 1987 page abstract before31 October 1986 to the
The use of mm waves in t e ~ e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s , Covenor: J. Baars
medical science, radio astronomy, etc. has reached an Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie
advanced stageofmaturity.ThisOpenSymposiumis Auf dem Huge1 69
intended to bring together scientists using mm-wave Bonn
techniques in many areas research. Federal Republic Germany
Society
NBAR
Various values of n-bar be used,but some of them correspond to

aperture distributions with brightening, that is, the distribution
peaks up at the edge of the aperture. Because such edge-brightened
distributions are difficult to produce in practice, they are usually
avoided by using n-bar values. They are optimumin the sense
MS that n-bar is large enough to avoid edge brightening but small enough to
maintain a high gain factor (sometimes called aperture efficiency, and
the same as a low loss).
Figure 2 shows the relationship between gain factor (same as taper
loss when expressed in dB) and peak sidelobe level for the various opti-
mum n-bar values as indicated.
LOW SIDELOBE CIRCULAR DISTRIBUTION
REFERENCES
In the previous issue of the Newsletter (June 1986) we presented com-
parisons of three low-sidelobe distributions for linear apertures (arrays) TT. Taylor, “Design of Circular Apertures for Narrow Beamwidth
in terms of gain factor (taper loss) as a function of sidelobe level. We and Low Sidelobes,” IRE Trans. m, January 1960.
promised to publish a similar curve for circular aperture distributions. 2. R.C. Hansen, “Tables of Taylor Distribution for Circular Aper-
Here is one class of circular distributions to partially fulfii thatprom- tures,” IRE Trans. A p , January 1960.
ise.
TAYLOR DISTRIBUTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The most co&only used low-sidelobe distribution for circular aper- Many thanks to A. H m t t , who works with me at Westing-
ture antennas is the which can be used for continuous house, for computing the Taylor gain factorsand plotting figure 2. Kim
apertures as well as for array antennas.The Taylor distribution is has programmed the circular Taylor distributions for various n-bar val-
larly symmetric, and produces a circularly T e t r i c pattern with a ues and produced beamwidth factors as well as gain factors.
number of sidelobes near the mainbeam, beyond
which the rest of the sidelobes decay to lower levels. The number of CORRECTION
equal level sidelobes is given by the parameter ii (n-bar). This parameter,
together with the level of the equal sidelobes, essentially defines a par- In the last article, the last paragraph before CONCLUSION con-
ticular Taylor distribution. has tabulated a number of circular tained numerical errors. It should read, “Note that for -40 dB side-
Taylor distributions in his paper.(2). A typical distribution for 30 lobes, the Taylor gain factor is about 0.35 dB lower than the Che-
dB sidelobes with ii is shown, together with the corresponding byshev Also, note that the -60 dB modified Taylor results in
pattern in figure gain improvement of about 0.1 dB relative to the unmodified Taylor.”
a3
Figure 1. Circular Distribution and

for -30 dB, n-bar (from
30
Figure 2. Gain Factor vs Sidelobe Level for Circular Taylor
Optimum n-bar
SPECIAL OFFER TO CONTRIBUTORS

How would you like a COMPLETE SET OF THE ANTENNA
IDEAS FOR ANTENNA IW;ICNER’S NOTEROOK are DESIGNERS NOTEBOOK articles published since this column
needed for future issues of the Nswsletter. Please send your sug- began in the August 1983 issue? Send an idea for future issue of
gestions IO Hal Schrank (address above) and they will be con- our Notebook to Hal Schrank and he will be happy to reward you
sidcred for publication as quickly as possible.Topicscanin- with a folder containing copies of the items, including
clude anfenna design tips, equations,nomographs,or when it is published.
sllorI-culs itlcas improvc or I‘acilitalcnlcasurc- This column is a great for many of our A p - S
nlents. Propagation topics arc also welcome, infact strongly members who are too busy to publish a lengthy paper but who
urge our propagation members to helu us balance the coverage would like share some practical information that help to
in this column. increase the productivity of antenna and propagation engineers.
The fourth International Symposium on Antennas design, practice, and applications of antennas and
and Propagation (ISAP) Japan will be held August propagation.
in Tokyo, Japan.It is intended to The symposium was initiated in 1971 and was
provide a major internatinal forum for exchange of sonsored by the Institute of Electronics and
information on research and development in antennas, CommunicationEngineers(IECE) ofJapan. Three
propagation, electromagnetic wave theory, and related symposia were held every seven years in
fields.Papers on novel utilizationtechniques of and Due to the success of these symposia and
radio waves for communications, measurements and the rapid progress of antenna technology, the fourth
sensing, energy transmission, and similar topics, are ISAP is planned to be held in Tokyo in only four
particularly welcome, in addition to papers on theory, years after the last symposium.
In
top
must
Do
IEEE
Chart. The skin depth for a lossy conductor is de-

rived and is used as a lead-in to Wheeler's incre-
mentalinductancerule.Wheeler'smethod is often
used to arrive at expressions for loss in planar
transmission lines and is therefore an important addi-
tion to a modem microwave text. Loss is related to
the Q factor of a one port and thus is not quite as
tangential to the subject of this chapter as it might
seem.
A longer chapter on multiports follows. A vector

notation is introduced which is likely to besomewhat
unfamiliar to engineering students. It is, however,
easily understood and is used throughout the chapter.
Z, and Y parameter representations of multiports
are introduced and the transformations between them
are
derived.
The
constraintsimposeduponthe
NOTES ON MICROWAVE CIRCUITS, by Darko Kajfez, Kajfez matrices by energy balance, reciprocity and loss-
Consulting, Oxford, MS, 1984, x 381 pages, $35.00, lessness are presented. A few simple circuits are
ISBN 0-930071-01-8. usedtoillustratethecomputation of scattering
matrices. Then a traveling-wave source is defined to
This book is intended to help educate first year be a two port which, when both ports are terminated in
graduate studentsin the basic principles of microwave a given impedance, launches a wave in only one direc-
circuits. It is the first volume in what is a three tion. This kind of source definition can have advan-
volume set. The author, in his preface, indicates tages in a number of common calculations involvingS
thatthesecondvolumewillcovermulticonductor matrices the transducer gain expression for example.
transmission lines and microwave filters and the third A good section on Thevenin's and Norton's theorems in
volume will present active microwave circuit topics. two ports is prefaced by a somewhat lengthy discussion
Whether these fical two volumes have been published isoflinearity.Conditionsarederivedformaximum
not known. power transfer from a general multiport source to a
general multiport load. The chapter concludes with a
Dr. Kajfez has compiled this volume from course discussion of the properties of chain matrices and,
notes presented to graduate students at the University briefly, a section on matrix partitioning.
of Mississippi.Thebookhasnotundergonethe
polished editing which most texts receive. The type- Chapter is an introduction to computer aided
set varies throughout, the cover is a rather non- analysis of cascaded two ports. The first two sec-
descript paperback and the illustrations are hand tions in the chapter could be considered applications
drawn. These imperfections in noway detract from the of the chain matrices discussed in the previous chap-
usefulness of the text. The hand drawn illustrations ter. Then a section is devoted to a description of an
are very clear and elucidate the topic under dis- analysis program, CAED2, which is in use at the Uni-
cussion. The title of this book is a misnomer since versity of Mississippi. And finally transformations
the text is not written in the staccato fashion which between four canonical representations of two ports
one world expect from "notes." Almost without ex- with sources are derived. This last material is re-
ception, the discussions are well written, complete lated to topics in chapter3 and it should have been
and carefully worded. included there.
Chapter 1 discusses guided electromagnetic waves. The last chapter outlines several numerical opti-
After a general introduction, the author reviews basic mization methods. Since optimization routines are
transmission line fundamentals including transfor- used often in microwave circuits design, studentz
mations from voltage-current variables to wave ampli- should be exposed to these techniques at some point.
tudes and their normalization by a real impedance. Dr. Kajfez gives a very good explanation of the mathe-
Next, normalizationby a complexcharacteristicim-maticalformulationsinvolved.Theseincludecon-
pedance is carefully introduced. This type of normal- straints, Newton's method, and conjugate directions.
ization is not often discussed in introductory texts, Outlines of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell search, the
but is sometimes useful later on when students read Fletcher-Reeves search and the Rosenbrock search are
publications in the active circuit area. The use of also provided.
modal functions for describing TEM,TE, and TM waves
is covered in a general sense with a few points illus- Those who consider using this book as a text in an
trated using the TElO rectangular waveguide mode as an introductory microwave engineering should be aware
example. It is evidently assumed that students are that there are a large number of instructive problems
already familiar with rectangular waveguides. Equiva- following each chapter and that an index is included.
lent voltages and currents for non-TEM modes are pre- In many cases, supplementary material will have to be
sented clearly. The basic characteristics of micro- provided by the instructor. For example, there is no
strip are discussed and the simplest useful design discussion of Smith Charts or tuning. Also,
covered.
multisection
given.
impedance
not
transformers
formulas
areare
Ferrites and ferrite devices are sometimes included in
Some o f the important properties of one port net- introductory courses but are not included in this
worksarecovered in Chapter2.Foster'sreactancetext.Idealdirectionalcouplersandidealdirec-
theorem is derived for one port retlection coef- tional couplers with physical symmetry (quadrature hy-
ficients as well as for the usual one port reactance brids for example) have scattering matrices with
and susceptance. The Q factor in resonant circuits is special properties and a discussion of these proper-
discussed in great detail. An especially nice treat- ties would be a good supplement to chapter 3 . It may
ment is given for undercoupled and overcoupled one be that some of these topics will be covered in the
ports in relation to their impedance locuson a Smith second and third volumes of the set.
The subjects covered are very clearly presented utions of every triangular element of the model model-
and this is the best feature of the book. Several lingananalyticallydefinedgenericsurfacewas
novel, useful approaches to microwave circuit analysis elaborated. The developed method for calculating the
have been included ainvery readable style. Radiation Integral over any plane triangle is based o
the Ludwig algorithm and on the use of area coordi-
nates; closed form analytical expressions are obtained
Reviewed by: which can be easily computer programmed. The model-
ling and integration techniques are applied to the
Robert W. Jackson calculation of the radiation patterns of focus-fed
Dept. of Electrical axially symmetrical reflector antennas, what a com-
and Computer Engr. puter program called RAST was implemented for.
University of Massachusetts
at Amherst
Amherst, MA 01003 M.S. THESIS OF:
Nilson R. Rabelo
Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)
Caixa Postal515
12201 Sao Jose dosCampos, SP
NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF THE RADIATION PATTERN
OF Brazil
REFLECTORANTENNASMODELLEDBYPLANE TRIANGULAR (Supervisor: M.L.X. dos Santos)
FACETS
Degree recipients or their committee chairmen are

A general and convenient approach for the calcu- requested to send abstracts of theses involving re-
lation of the radiation pattern of arbitrary shape re-
search of interest to AP-S members to Dr. Asoke K.
flector antennas is presented, The approach consists Bactacharyya at Concordia University, Loyola Campus,
in: a) modelling the reflecting surface by means of 7141 Sherbrooke StreetWest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R-
plane triangular facets;b) calculating the Radiation 6 , Canada (telephone 514-848-3067) for publication in
the newsletter.
Integral over the reflector by summing up the contrib-
of
A
I
I I'll
I)
'I
oJ
(25-37);4--Arraya Sources
46);
36
Mr.
37
FOR
e
OF
by
with
8
H. Xme
Satelliter
Fields
and
J.
E Meaaurement. and
and
Morris of and
F and
R Moor0
Radio Auroral and Polar

(Robert
bmaphoric
to abut
PropoOaticn H)
FracerSmith)
Waves in Plasmas Wave, Particle, and Mass Injections in Space Plasmas
K. Harker W. Taylor)
Plasma ChamberSimulation of Space Phenomena
Stenzel)
RF Acceleration Particles in Space (K. Papadopoulos)
Ionospheric Wave Experimentsfrom the SpaceStation
(R. Post)
Radio Astronomy Data Management: Storage. Recording Devices
J. Welch Signal Processing: Spectrometers. Correlators. Pclsar
Future instrumentation: Detectors, SpacelLunar Based

Antennas
Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Techniques: Detectors.
Antennas, Optics, Spectrometers.Image Processing
Technical Program Committee Chairman: Chalmers Butler

Clemson University
Clemson, SC
(803)656-5922
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF ABSTRACTS

Maley, Chairman, Steerlng Committee
National Radio Science Meeting
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO 80309
The abstract should be in the same format as these instructions. (example of single
Indenttheheadingtwocmasindicated above. Capitalize the entire figure that might
title. The headingand the t e x t shouldbesingle-spaced,butdouble-beused)
spaced between the heading and the first paragraph and between
paragraphs. References should be included parenthetically in the text,
for example Smith, Radio Sci, 348-392, 1978). To permit
photographic reproduction, all materlal must lie within a rectangle of
dimensions by 22 cm.
If the address below the title is not adequate for mailing ifor
correspondence is to be sent to other than the first author, then please
supply the full mailing address. There is no need to send a cover letter,
but the suggested URSI commission may be noted in the space below
the rectangle. Please submit the original typed abstract and three
copies to the address given above and on the obverse.
Notification of acceptance rejection will be mailed t o t h e f i r s t

author or other indicated author by mid-November. The advance
program, including information on accommodations, will be sent shortly
thereafter.
These instructions apply t o all papers, including those invitedby

commission chairmen and those in special organized sessions.
of
73
It is not without some trepidation that For some time, many of us in AP-S have felt the
I succeedRonFanteasEditorofour need to improve the usefulness of the Transactions to
Transactions. Not only is Ron's a tough act the membership by including more tutorial papers and
to follow but, because of the increasing more state-of-the-art review papers covering the areas
number of papers being submitted and the ofpage interest to the society. Over the years, there has
limits imposed by financial constraints, it been widespread support for this improvement. How-
may prove challenging to function as Editor ever, although there has been effort by the Education
and retain the few friends remaining after Committee and others, and some such papers have been
nearly six yearsas Associate Editor. I hope published, we have lacked a suitable arrangement for
that you as authors will bear in mind that soliciting and regularly pub1ishing tutorial and
I'm on your side! But seriously folks... review papers in the Transactions. Now, AdCom has
In preparation for the transition I have taken action which should result in six (or more)
asked a number of very capable people to tutorial or review papers per year appearing in the
serve on the editorial board as Associate Transactions beginning in 1987.
Editors. A current list of these will appear
on my letterhead and in each issue of the
Transactions.
Please
submit
not
do At its January 1986 meeting, AdCom recommended
manuscripts directly to the Associate Editors that the Transactions editor appoint an Associate
as this will subvert my logging system and Editor for Tutorial and Review Papers who will solicit
delay processing. Also, please note that the papers and assure their expeditious publication. (See
mail station shown in the April issue of AdCom thisMeeting Minutes in the April 1986 Newsletter.)
Newsletter is obsolete. The correct address This Associate Editor automatically becomes a member
is shown above this column. of the Education Committee, in order to coordinate
I 'm very pleased that Bob Mailloux has with tutorial/review activities there. Sixty Trans-
agreedtoserveasAssociateEditorfor. actions pages per year have been allocated for these
Tutorial and
ReviewPapers.Adcom
has papers beginning in 1987, the intent being to publish
graciously increased the page allocation to six papers of about ten pages each.
accommodate roughly one such paper per issue.
I believe that under Bob's capable leadership
this addition will greatly enhance the value I am pleased to be able to report to you that Bob
of our transactions. Details of this new Mailloux has been appointed to be Associate Editor for
feature are described in a companion column Tutorial and Review Papers. In addition to all the
by George Knittel. other things that Bob has done for AP-S, he has gra-
As my term as Editor progresses many ofciously agreed to perform this important function, for
you will have an occasion to deal with my at least the first year, in order to give it a proper
secretary, Angela Mihaljevich. In general, start. He has unique qualifications for this posi-
when you call my number,(213) 535-3525, she tion, and was the unanimous choice of those who were
willanswer.Shewillbeacting as my involved in filling the position.
A&iinistrativeAssistantin the Editorial
Office and is paid by the IEEE half time. If you have ideas for topics, formats, etc. rele-
She will usually have immediate access to vant to tutorial papers or review papers for the
computerized records of the status of all Transactions, please contact Bob and give him the
pa4ers handled by this office so feel free to benefit of your suggestions.
call if you need information or wish to
update same. Be nice! If she quits, we're Dr. Robert J. Mailloux
dead! Electromagnetic Sciences Division
I look forwardenthusiasticallyto RADC/EEAA
serving as Editor and intend to do everything Hanscom AFB, MA 01731
possible to
maintain an
efficientand
responsive Editorial Office. Phone: (617) 861-3710
POGO
1
'7
1
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEh!lVM AhD PROPAGATION

Call-for-Papers
A specialissueofthetransactiondevotedtothedetermination o f antenna
radiation characteristics andantennadesignanddiagnosticsbytheuseof
near-field scanning with mathematical transformation is planned for publication
i n May 1988. C o n t r i b u t i o n s a r e s o l i c i t e d w i t h i n t h i s t o p i c a r e a and may
i n c l u d es o f t w a r ed e s i g n ,n e a r - f i e l dr a n g ed e s i g n and e v a l u a t i o n , e r r o r
a n a l y s e s , n e a r - f i e l d m e a s u r e m e n tt e c h n i q u e s ,n e wu s e so fd a t af r o mn e a r - f i e l d
scanningandantennadiagnostics. The s p e c i a li ' s s u e w i l l a l s o i n c l u d e i n v i t e d
a r t i c l e s w i t h a h i s t o r i c a l p e r s p e c t i v e ; i t is recommended t h a t a u t h o r s who wish
t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h i s aspectshouldwrite or c a l l t h e g u e s t e d i t o r t o s t a t e
t h e i ri n t e n t .A s is u s u a lw i t hs p e c i a li s s u e s ,t h ep a p e r ss u b m i t t e ds h o u l d
reflectthecurrentstate-of-the-art.
M a n u s c r i pD
t e t a i l s :P l e a s er e f e rt ot h ew I n f o r m a t i o nf o rA u t h o r s "s e c t i o n
l o c a t e d on t h e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r o f a n y r e c e n t i s s u e of t h e IEEE T r a n s a c t i o n s
on Antenna and Propagation.
Paper
Deadline
Date:
August 15, 1987
S e n dm a n u s c r i p t st oG u e s E
t d i t o r :P r o f e s s o r Edmond S . G i l l e s p i e
Department of E l e c t r i c a l andComputer
Engineering
C a I i f o r n i aS t a t eU n i v e r s i t y ,N o r t h r i d g e
N o r t h r i d g e , CA 91330
Society
003
During 1985, AP-S publishedtwocumulativeindices Table L A p - S BUDGETS FOB 1981-1986

and symposia) as the second parts of the April
and August The AdCom authorized these pub-
lications in the belief that (i) they would be very beneficial INCOME ACTUAL BUDGET
to members, and (ii) the Society could afford the cost at this 1981
1982
1983
1984
1985 1986
time. These indices accounted for more than $50,000 of our Membership
43.7 41.3 39.6 45.0 41.9 46.0
total expenditures in 1985. Also, we transferred $15,000from Interest 32.3
36.7
28.5
31.8
35.5 24.0
the Society into a trust account in the IEEE Foundation. This Nonmember Sub. 130.0
138.8
178.5
204.9
231.7 230.0
Page Charges 68.4
54.8
61.8
50.1
48.5 77.0
account will be used to provide the honorarium for the AP- Excess Paper 12.7 9.7 6.9 10.8 4.5 7.0
Distinguished Achievement Award. The combined effect of Inatitutional List/Adv.
7.8 6.9 2.7 4.2 3.1 7.0
these one-time expensescreated a $44,700deficit for1985. This Non-Periodical Sales 5.1 4.3 4.214.3 5.6 6.0
Meetings 9.9 21.1 18.4 0.0 26.2 15.0
is very.close to our anticipated deficit of $46,600.The totalin- Miscellaneous,other .5 1.0 44..11 2.4 2.0
come for 1985 was $439,300 and the expenses were $484,000.
TOTAL 439.3357.1344.7306.8286.4 414.0
Our year-end reserves were $325,000.
In the following paragraphs,the major contributors to our
budget are described and trends in our financesare presented.
EXPENSES
The 1986 budget is discussed and some projections for 1987
n73lUactWns 168.2 216.2 195.7 328.0
276.1 308.7
are presented. Newsletter 33.9 28.3 30.3 34.0 36.9 39.0
Mic. Publications 22.5 14.7 13.0 15.8 82.1* 15.0
of 1985 Finances Headquarters Service 3.6 9.3 4.88.3 14.2 9.0
External Support to
The charts in Figure 1 and the data in Table 1 indicate Committee4 Chapters 9.8 9.7 18.9
41.6**
45.P** 33.0
the key items in our budget. The major source9 of income were mscellanwus,other 3.5 1.3 3.25.1 2.5 2.0
nonmember subscriptions (libraries, etc.) to the TOTAL 277.2
241.5 426.0
484.0
377.9
274.6
(53%), page charges paid by authors (16%), mem- SURPLUS 44.9 70.1 (12.0)
(44.7)
ber dues (10%) and interest (7%). The major expenses were RESERVES 319.0
289.4 313.0
325.0
369.7
390.5
(64%), other publications (primarily the indices)
(17%), Neweletter (8%) and support to committees (5%) and
local chapters The historical distribution of income and Includes cost of cumulative indices published aa part 11 of Apriland August
for some of major categories is shown in Table2
and Figure 2. In 1985, we received income from the 1984 Includes support for centennial activities.
Includes 815K tu BEE Foundationfor Distinguished Achievement Award.
1985 symposiums, that the four categories shownrepresent
a smallerfraction of our total 1985 income than would be typ-
ical. For the three expense categories shown, the percentages
are somewhat less than typical because of the large cost of the
indices and the $15,000 that was transferred to the Founda- Table 2. INCOME EXPENSE DISTRIBUTION
tion. Percentages obtained by deleting these costs from our
total expenditures are shown in parentheses. These percent-
ages shouldbe more representative of long-term trends. INCOME
The crosshatched portions in Figure 2 are items directly
related to the These account for approximately Non-member Subscriptions 45.2 52.7
57.4
51.8
Page Charges 15.615.317.916.3
three-fourths of the Society’sincomeandexpenses. Interest Member Dues 9.9 11.611.514.7
income decreased in 1985 due to lower interest rates and a Interest 7.4 10.3 8.3 10.4
slightly lower balance in our reserves. A continued decline in
interest income is predictedfor 1986. The Newsletter is re-
mainiig a fairly constantpart of our expenses, and support to EXPENSES
chapters (primarily the Distinguished Lecturer program) and
737
.1
8.0 71.3
committees has increased considerably compared to a few years Newletter 11.0 10.2 9.0 7.6(8.7)
ago. Chapters and Committees 3.5 6.9 9.4(7.38).4
Historical Wen&
The long-term history of AP-S is shownin Figures 3 and
The membership of AP-S continues to grow and has reached
another all-time high of 6963. The number of
pages published has been generally increasing, and this trend
will continue with 1500 pages budgeted for 1986 and 1560 for
1987. The Society's reserves increased dramatically from1976
INCOME
to 1983. Since then, AdCom actions to increase member ser-
$439,300
vices have reduced to reserves balance. The reserves, normal-
ized to expenses and to thenumber of members, are plotted in
Figure A reserves/expenses ratio of to is considered
appropriate for Society, we are currently in the correct
range for this parameter.
Transactions
Pages
hbership Reserves
8000 iOOK
IOOK
DLPEKSES
$484,000
4000 LOOK-
3000
2000
Figure 1. Distribution of AP-S incomeandexpenses.

1000
100
Figure 3. Membership, reserves, and Transactions pages.

Interest
75
?(ember Dues
80 1.6
PageCharges
5 50
70 1.4
Nonmember Subscriptions
25
60 1.2
1985
1984
1983
1982 50 1.0
100
40 0.8
Chapters and C m i t t e e s
75 Newsletter
30 0.6
50
Transactions 20 0.4
u4
25
10 0.2
1985
1984
1983
1982 1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
1960
1955
1950
Figure 2. Distribution of major income and expense categories. Figure AP-S reserves normalized membership and to expenses.
Projections for 1986 and 1987
The budget projections for 1986 are contained in Table 1.
A small budget deficitof $12,000is projected. However, there
are two factors that directly affect income and expenses forthe
about which I can only at this time. The The Belvoir RD&E Center is funding single an(
page budgethas been increased from 1400to 1500 multiyear research as part of its Mine Detection anc
pages, the costs of printing and distribution will be higher Mine Neutralization Program. Any worker who conducts
than those estimated one year ago. I now a m projecting the research in scattering from near-surface undergrounc
total expenses to be $328,000. Our major targets, antenna design i n V L F through UHF bands,
of income is nonmember subscriptionsto the and target identification, signal processing, orother
IEEE has recently experienced a decline of about 10% in sub- fields relevance, and who is interested in applying
such research to this Program, may wish to attend the
scriptions to theall-transactions package. Therefore,I am pro- following symposium:
jecting $230,000 income from nonmember subscriptions, but
this amount could increase significantly or decrease by a lesser Research Opportunities
amount. in
Sensing and Neutralizing Mines
Looking farther ahead to 1987, someearlyprojections
from IEEE indicate we could have another small deficit, but October 16-17, 1986
I think that a small surplus is just as likely. Therefore, I see Charleston, South Carolina
current operating procedures as being adequate to main-
tain the financial stability of the Society. The that A t t e n d a n c e isbyinvitationonly.Attendees
are offered currently to members (support to local chapters, affiliated with universities may qualify for travel
pages, Newsletter) are at all-time highs, and an-
stipends. Thoseinterested in attendingshould
contact Mrs. Joan Purvis (reigstration information) at
tenna and propagation engineers continue to join our Society (614)488-2378, or Dr. J. Thomas Broach (technical
in record numbers. Therefore, I no reason to change my information) at 703-664-2775.Thissymposium is
recommendation from last year: We should continue ongoing jointly sponsored by the Belvoir RD&E Center and the
programs and consider the financial consequences of proposed Army Research Office.
actions.
Lectureship at Queen Mary College

University of London
TheDepartment of ElectricalandElectronicEngineeringatQueenMaryCollegt
(University of London)invitesapplicationsforthepost of aLectureship(Assistant
Professor)withresearchexperienceinantennas.Thepositioncouldleadtotenure
although applicants willing to spend a minimum of three years with the Department
will be considered.
TheDepartmenthousesawell-knownresearchgroupinmicrowaveantennasledby
Peter Clarricoats and David Olver. Exceptional opportunities exist for an innovative
worker to explore new developments in microwave and millimetre wave antennas and
relatedtopics.Outstandingcomputerfacilitiesareavailableincluding access to a
Cray. In addition,experimentalfacilitiesincludecompact-antennatargetsoperating
from GHz, anechoic chambers and new field ranges.
T h es u c c e s s f u la p p l i c a n tw i l lb ee x p e c t e dt ou n d e r t a k en o r m a ll e c t u r i n g
responsibilitiesconsistentwithhisorherexperiencewithinthefield of Electrical
Engineering, as well as to undertake research in antennas.
The position will be remunerated at a competitive salary within the approved scales
applicabletoallUnitedKingdomuniversities.Excellentopportunitiesforprivate
consulting exist and the successful applicant will be encouraged in this direction.
Theposition is opentopersonswith a primarydegreeinElectricalEngineering or
Electronics,althoughapplicantswithotherprimarydegrees, Le., i n Physics,willbe
considered.Applicantswillnormallyhavea Ph.D. although an opportunity to obtain
a Ph.D. could be negotiated for a suitably-qualified applicant.
Please write giving details of professional experience to:
Professor Peter Clarricoats
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineer
Queen Mary College
Mile End Road
London E l 4NS
Telephone: (Country Code 44) 1-980-481
ApplicantsLustbefreetotakeuptheappointment no laterthanMarch
although an earlier starting date would be preferred.
IEEE
paper sometimes refer to an earlier issue, perhaps as

far back as years. It was suggested that for the
convenience of the reader, each annual volume ought
to be self-contained with author biographies, since
annual issues are often bound in a single volume.
Another suggestion is a short paper, about 2 pages
long, describing theAP/S awards and the recipients,
and published in the December issue. This would pro-
vide an easily retrievable and valuable historical
record. AP/S members who are recipientsof IEEE
awards canalso be described in this feature publica-
t ion.
Upon the invitation of your President Alan Some of the key membersof AP/S are also support-
Simmons, I attended the AP/S Administrative Committee ing other IEEE activities. Bob McIntosh is serving
meeting on June 8 in Philadelphia. It was a pleasure on the IEEE Fellow Committee for 1986. On the Ac-
to meet theA P / S AdCom again since it governs ofone creditation Board for Engineering and Technology
the most successful Societies within IEEE. The lead- (ABET), are Bob McIntosh, Cal Swift, Gary Thiele and
ership is excellent, and the participation by all ofHerb Thal. Ed Miller is on the Technical Activities
the volunteers is vigorous and highly commendable. Advisory Committee which is a joint EAB-TAB Committee
The Society is very fortunate to be under the steward- chaired by past TAB Vice-president Stephen Kahne.
ship of this AdCom. Alan Schell is serving on four committees, namely
THE INSTITUTE Advisory Board, the PROCEEDINGS Editorial
By now you may know that there will be threeBoard and the Long Range Planning Committee.
candidates for the office of President-Elect of IEEE.
The winner will be decided by plurality vote, not The tireless effortsof your NEWSLETTER Editor
necessarily majority,so that you should vote to give Ross Stone is certainly bearing fruit. The quality
support to the candidate of your choice. of the publication is indeed high, the articles are
easily read and understood and also of considerable
A Task Force of the IEEE Executive Committee interest. Ross is to be commended for his prolonged
recently discussed IEEE and Society awards. In the voluntary contributions for the benefit of the AP
near future there is a possibility that the IEEE Society.
Awards and the top Society Awards will be listed and
described in a single publication. This should pro- As you are no doubt aware, two candidates are
vide for the nominator a broader perspective to choose on the slate for the 1987-1988 term as Division IV
the best award to recognize a potential candidate for Director and Delegate. They are Leon J. Shohet and
his achievement. Gary A. Thiele. The ballots should be mailed out in
September, and the ballots are due about the of end
At its June1 meeting, the Board of Directors October. Be sure to vote for the candidate of your
approved an IEEE Medal to recognize very significantchoice.
applications of engineering. This Engineering Excel-
lence award will be publicized soon as as its funding Following the June8 AP/S AdCom meeting I at-
is determined. A P / S members might be thinkingof tended the joint1986 International IEEEAPS Symposium
antenna and propagation type of engineering applica- and the National Radio Science Meeting held in Phila-
tions which would be worthy of consideration for this delphia which was organized under the General Chair-
award. manship of Charles Allen.The technical program fea-
tured many excellent and interesting papers. The
The Editorshipof the TRANSACTIONS is now under- attendance was very high. For the first time for
going a transfer of responsibilities. The out-going AP/S, exhibits were allowed with the Symposium. All
Editor Ron Fante has made very significant improve- of the commentsI heard concerning the exhibits were
ments during his tenure of office. The journal has positive, and there appeared to be mutual benefit for
markedly improved its previously high stature by in- both the exhibitors and the research analysts. At
creasing the number of pages published each year. the banquet,AP/S awards were presented as well as
The quality of the papers has remained very high 8and Fellow grade certificates. It appeared that the
the journal enjoys a prestigious position in the ar- overall Symposium which included workshops and short
chival literature. Thanks are dueRon Fante and the courses was a great success. Many thanks are due to
prior editors who have built up this journal over the the volunteer committee members who spent numerous
years. hours in their efforts.
Some disappointment was expressed

on the lateness If I can be of any assistance on to any
you IEEE
of reprints of papers published in the TRANSACTIONS.matter, please feel free to contact me. My telephone
Such complaints should be addressed to either your number is AreaCode (215) 354-5740, and my address is
Society President or to me. It was noted that the General Electric Company,P. 0. Box 8555, Philadelphia,
biographical sketches of authors atend the
of each PA 19101.
The following members have been nominated for
positions as AP-S Officers or to serve the
Administrative Committee (AdCom). The ballot will be
m a i l e dt oA P - Sm e m b e r s i n t h eF a l l .
H.
Gary S. Brown w a s born i n Jackson, MS on 13 A p r i l 1940. Dan S c h a u b e r tw a sb o r ni nG a l e s b u r g ,

He receivedthe B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees from t h e I l l i n o i s , and r e c e i v e dt h e B.S., M.S. and Ph.D.
University of I l l i n o i s . d e g r e e s i n e l e c t r i c a le n g i n e e r i n gf r o mt h e
University of I l l i n o i s i n 1969, 1970 a n d 1974.
From 1963 t o 1967, he was a Research A s s i s t a n t i n t h e
Old Antenna Laboratory of the University of I l l i n o i s He was a t t h e H a r r y Diamond Laboratories i n
where he was involved with direction finding, shaped Washington, DC from1974 t o 1980, where heworked
beam antennas, and millimeter waveguides. While i n t h e i n t h e microwavegroupdesigningandanalyzing
U.S. Army Signal Corps (1968-1969) he servedin an conformal and p r i n t e d c i r c u i t a n t e n n a s a s w e l l a s
engineering capacity dealing with the Integrated Wide- a n t e n n a sf o r HF and f o r EHF. I n 1980, h e joined
bandCommunication System (IWCS) i n t h e Republic of t h ee l e c t r o m a g n e t i c sb r a n c ho ft h eB u r e a uo f
Vietnam. During 1970, he wasemployed by T R W Systems R a d i o l o g i c a lH e a l t h . There he developed methods
Groupwhere h i s work involved monopulse, ECM, and t o p r e d i c t power deposition i n b i o l o g i c a l b o d i e s
multiple-beamantenna a n a l y s i s and development. From andservedastechnicaladvisorfortheapproval
1971-1973, he was with the Research Triangle Institute of a u t o m a t i ct e s te q u i p m e n t .S i n c e 1982hehas
where h i s primary a r e a of i n t e r e s t was radar altimetry. b e e na nA s s o c i a t eP r o f e s s o r of E l e c t r i c a l and
From 1973 t o 1985he was employedby AppliedScience C o m p u t e rE n g i n e e r i n ga tt h eU n i v e r s i t yo f
Associates,Inc. of Apex, NC where he was involvedwith Massachusetts. He teachescourses i n electromag-
microwave remote sensing, rough s u r f a c e s c a t t e r i n g , a n d n e t i c s andmicrowaveengineeringandconducts
propagationthrough random media. I n 1985 he joined r e s e a r c h i n monolithic a n d i n t e g r a t e da r r a y s ,
t h e f a c u l t y of t h e V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e and t r a n s i e n t r a d i a t i o n , and s c a t t e r i n g by d i e l e c t r i c
S t a t eU n i v e r i s t yi n Blacksburg, VA. He i s a member of bodies.
Conmissions Band Fof URSI and he received the 1978
R.W.P. King Award from AP-S. Dan was chairman of t h e Washington, DC, chap-
t e r of AP-S a n dh a sb e e na c t i v e i n AdCom s i n c e
He served on the Technical Committeeof the 1972 1 9 7 9 , when hewas a p p o i n t e dt oc h a i rt h e
IEEE/G-AP Symposium and a s s i s t e d t h e S p e c i a l Events MembershipCommittee(1979-81). I n 1981, he w a s
Chairman duringthe 1978 IEEE/AP-S Symposium. He is e l e c t e d t o AdCom a n d he h a s s e r v e d a s N e w s l e t t e r
P u b l i c i t y Chairman f o r t h e 1987 IEEE/AP-SSymposium. E d i t o r (1982-83) a n d Secretary-Treasurer (1984-
He served on t h e AP-S A Cdom during 1979-1981and was p r e s e n t ) . He has a s s i s t e dt h es t e e r i n g committees
chairman of following Committees;Meetings, Constitution forthe 1978and 1984 AP-S symposiumsand for
and Bylaws, and I n s t i t u t i o n a lL i s t i n g s . He alsoserved otherantenna workshops and symposiums. I na d d i -
a s AP-S l i a s o n t o t h e Geoscience andRemote Sensing t i o n , h eh a s s e r v e d o n s e v e r a lp a n e l s and
Societyduringthistimeperiod.Since 1979, he has c o m m i t t e e st or e v i e wa n t e n n aa n dm i c r o w a v e
been Associate Editor for the AP-S Transactions and technology. He is a member of URSI Commission B,
the Journal of Oceanic Engineering. Tau Beta P i , and Eta Kappa Nu.
Charles Allen
Mr. H a n f l i n g i s a p a s t Chairman o f t h e Boston Chapter
on Antennas and Propagation. He was SpecialEvents
Chairman f o r t h e 1984 AP-S Symposium held i n Boston.
i s ar e v i e w e rf o rt h e AP-S Transactions and has
servedasaSession Chairman and on thePapers Review
Committee f o r AP-S Symposia. Mr. H a n f l i n gi sa member
o f Tau Beta P i andEta Kappa Nu and aLicensedProfessional
Engineer i n Massachusetts and New York. has a l s o
l e c t u r e d onAntennaMeasurementsandPhasedArray
Antennas i n s h o r t c o u r s e s u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s Technology
ServiceCorporation. He holdsfour U.S. p a t e n t s i n t h e
phased a r r a y f i e l d .
John K. Schindler is ChiefoftheAntennasand

RF Components Branch of t h e RADC Electromagnetic
S c i e n c eD s i v i s i o ant M
A.
Hanscom AFB, H i s group is
r e s p o n sdifbeolvree l o pai n tge n n a s and s u r f a c e
a c o u s t i c wave, magnetostatic wave and monolithic
components f o r advanced Air Force
communications
and surveillancesystems.
A f t e rr e c e i v i n gt h e SB degreefrom MIT andthe

MS and PhD degrees from Purdue University, Dr. Schindler
j o i n e dt h e Air ForceCambridgeResearchLaboratories.
Thereheconductedresearch inelectromagneticscatter-
ing and p a r t i c i p a t e idtnhde e v e l o p m e n t of
advanced
a i r b o r n es y n t h e t i ca p e r t u r er a d a rs y s t e m s . Most recen-
t l y , he served as Chairman of
the
Electronics and
Sensorspanelof Air ForceProjectForecast 11. This
study,commissioned by t h eS e c r e t a r yo ft h e A i r Force,
defined those pervasive and enabling technologies
Stanley J. Kubina was born Smolinske,
in which a r e most i m p o r t a nttohfeu t u r e of t h e Air
Czechoslovakia on November1925. 6, H e Force. Dr. SchindlerhastaughtintheGraduateSchool
r e c e i v ehdi s B. Eng. d e g r eiEenn g i n e e r i n g oEf n g i n e e r i n gaN t o r t h e a s t e r nU n i v e r s i t y andserved
Physics from McGxll U n i v e r s i tM y ,o n t r e a l as an adjunct faculty member of t h e Air F o r c e I n s t i t u t e
Canada in 1948and t h e M.Eng. and Ph.D. d e g r e e s of Technology. He served as Secretaryand Chairmanof
i n E l e c t r i c aEln g i n e e r i n g in 1957 and
1973 t h eC e n t r a l New England Chapter oftheAntennas and
respectively. Propagation Society during years when i t won s u c c e s s i v e
From 1948 t o 1965 heworked i nR e s e a r c h Society awards as
Best Chapter. Dr. Schindler was a
and
Development f ao r number Canadian
of member of t ht e c h n i c a l program committeethe
of
industries. He spen t ey
t ne a id
r nse s i g n , Boston I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium i n 1984 and i s
development, and the e v a l u a t i ooA nf v i o n i c s c u r r e n t sl ye r v i n g AP-S Chapter Coordinator and
Systems a t CanadairLtd.andfouryears, 1961- AssociateEditor of t h e AP-S Newsletter. D r . Schindler
65, a t C a n a d i a nA v i a t i o nE l e c t r o n i c L s t da. s i s aenl e c t e d member of t h e IEEE Hoston Section
head of a DND d e s i g n team f o r CHSS-2 ASW Executive Committee where he
has
served as Society
h e l i c o p t e ra v i o n i c sa n de l e c t r i c a ls y s t e m s .I n C h a p t e r a c t i v i t i e s c o o r d i n a t o r and L e c t u r e S e r i e s organ-
1 9 6 5h er e t u r n e dt ot h ea c a d e m i cw o r l dt oh e a d izer.
E l e c t r i c aEln g i n e e r i naLgto y o lCao l l e goef
Montreal. Loyola amalgamated with S i r
George Williams u n i v e r s i t y in 1974 t o form
ConcordiaUniversity. H e s e r v e da sD i r e c t o ro f
E n g i n e e r i n gf o r the Loyola campus of Concordia
U n i v e r s i t y from 1974 t o 1977. H e is p r e s e n t l y
Professor of E l e c t rEi nc ag li n e ear ti n g
ConcordiaandalsoAdjunctProfessor at Maill
U n i v e r s i t y . H e c o n t i n u e st op r o v i d ec o n s u l t i n g
s e r v i c et os DND a inndd u s t r y on a v i o n i c s
systems antennas, e laencdt r o m a g n e t i c
compatibility
Dr. Kubina served as
Publicity Chairman
f o r t h e MTT-78 Symposium i n Ottawa,asa member
of the Steering Committee for the 1980 I E E E AP-
S/URSI Symposium a t L a v a 1U n i v e r s i t yi nQ u e b e c
c i t y , and a s Chairman ofthe AP-S Technical
Committee f o r the 1985 AP-S/,RSI Symposium i n
Vancouver. He is a member of Commission B of
Canadian URSI and is a r e g i s t e r e dp r o f e s s i o n a l
engineer i n the ProvinceofQuebec.
M.r S c o t t h a s beenanantennaengineer(industry)
for 31 years. He o b t a i n e da B . S . degree in physics
from t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Missouri 1952 and did graduate
work i n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c s a t G e o r g eW a s h i n g t o n
U n i v e r s i t y a n dt h eU n i v e r s i t y of Virginia. He i s a
member of Sigma Pi Sigma. After s e r v i n g as an o f f i c e r
i n t h e USAF, he j o i n e dM e l p a r ,I n c .i nF a l l sC h u r c h , techniques for measuring the
electrical
properties of
VA. materials, and studies of the transient response of antennas.
Heisco-authorwith R. W. P. Kingof the book, Antennas
I n 1 9 6 0 , h e j o i n e dt h eA e r o n u t r o n i cD i v i s i o no f in Matter: Fundamentals, Theory and Applications.
FordMotor Co. inNewportBeach, C A w h e r eh es u p e r -
vised antenna development. Dr.Smith is a member of TauBetaPi,EtaKappa
Nu, Sigma Xi, and Commission B of URSI.
I n 1972 he t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e W e s t e r n Development
L a b o r a t o r yD i v i s i o no fF o r dA e r o n u t r o n i c
CommunicationsCorp. i nP a l oA l t o , CA where h e s u p e r -
visedantennadevelopmentfornunerouscommunication
s a t e l l i t e a p p l i c a t i o n s . He i s c u r r e n t l y a s t a f fe n -
gineeroncommunication s a t e l l i t e antennas a t WDL.
Mr. Scotthasbeenawarded three U.S. Patentsand

h a sp u b l i s h e d ( a s a u t h o r o r co-author) 30 technical
papers on various aspects of antenna engineering.
Mr. S c o t t w a s e l e c t e d Charimanof t h e Washington,

DC and S a n t a Clara Valley, CA C h a p t e r s of AP-S. In
1979and1980 he w a s a D i s t i n g u i s h e d L e c t u r e r f o r AP-
S. From 1979 t o 1985 he w a s c h a i r m a no ft h eC h a p t e r
A c t i v i t i e s C o m m i t t e e for t h e AP-S AdCom coordinating
worldwide a c t i v i t i e s o f a l l AP-S c h a p t e r s , a n d v a s
A s s o c i a t e E d i t o r f o r C h a p t e r A c t i v i t i e s for t h e AP-S
Newsletter.Currently,he i s chairmanof t h e Workshop
C o m m i t t e e f o r AP-S AdCom and is Vice-chairman of t h e
AP-S T e c h n i c a lP r o g r a m Committee f o r t h e AP-S
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium t o be h e l d i n S u n n y v a l e , CA i n
1 989.
Ross Stone was born in San Diego, California

in 1947. He received his AB in Earth Sciences and his
MS and PhD, both in Applied Physics (now Electrical
Engineering), from the University of California, San
Diego. Ross hasheld positions of Senior Scientist
with General Atomic (1969-1973), Senior Scientist with
Megatek Corporation (1973-1980), and Principal
Physicist and Group Leader with IRT Corporation
(1980-now) all in San Diego. He invented the
Holographic Radio Camera, and built a kilometer-long
radio telescope used for recording radio frequency
holograms ofionosphericinhomogeneities.Hehas
carried out substantial theoretical and experimental
research in inverse problems; numerical electro-
magnetics; antenna design from ULF to UV;EMP
generation and effects; coherent optical propagation,
communication, and scattering; and ionospheric and
tropospheric propagation. Ross has authored over 80
journal articles and symposium presentations, and over
80 reports. He is a Director of three corporations.
Glenn S. Smith was born in Salem, M A , on June 1, 1945. Ross is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a member
Hereceived
the B.S.E.E. degreefrom
Tufts
University, of the AP, GRS, Computer, and ASSP Societies. He is
Medford, M A , in 1967 andthe S.M. and Ph.D. degrees in now Editor of the AP-S Newsletter. Since 1980 he has
applied
physicsfrom
HarvardUniversity,
Cambridge, MA, served AP-S as a member of the Education Committee,
in 1968 and 1972, respectively. was the Professional Activities Comnittee for Engineers
(PACE) Coordinator, and is the representative of AP-S
From 1972 to 1975 he served as a Postdoctoral Research to USNC/URSI. He was an Associate Editor of the AP-S
Fellow at Harvard University and also as a part-time Research Newsletter, authoring the column, "It's Your Job". He
AssociateandInstructor at NortheasternUniversity,Boston, has served on the Technical Program Comnittees for
M A . In 1975, hejoinedthefaculty of theGeorgiaInstitute five AP-S International Symposia, and has attended and
of Technology,Atlanta, GA, whereheispresentlyProfessor presented papers at every AP-S Symposium and every
of Electrical Engineering. National Radio Science meeting since 1977. He was the
AP-S delegate to ISAP '85 in Japan. He is a member of
His current research interests
include
the Commissions and G of USNCIURSI, and has been a
characterization of antennas in matter,
development of delegate to three URSI General Assemblies.
Survey Call f o r
If
130
3504
(408)
I
I
I in
mail
0 0
1
L
Dr. Inder J. Gupta of Columbus, Ohio accepting the Best Chapter The S. A. Schelkunoff Transactions Prize Paper Award was given G . C.
Award from John Schindler. McCormick and Archibald Hendry.
The H. A. Wheeler Applications Prize Paper Award was given to C. M . Rappaport (left) and A. I. Zaghloul (right).
David Pozar received

the R. W. P. King Paper
.4ward.
Robert C. Hansen
(center) was named an
Honorary Life Member.
IEEE
Prof. Chen-To Tai received the Distinguished Achievement Award. J. S. Ajioka received his IEEE Fellow Certificate.
C. A. Balanis received his IEEE Fellow Certificate. I. M. Besieris received his IEEE Fellow Certificate.
G . S. Brown received his IEEE Fellow Certificate. W. F. Croswell received his IEEE Fellow Certificate.
SMlety
R. J. King received his IEEE Fellow Certificate. P. H. Pathak received his IEEE Fellow Certificate.
G. Smith received his IEEE FeUow Certificate. The New Fellows
Recipients of Awards
53
8. Optimum Aperture Distribution and
Maximum Surface Errors Tolerable in
Designing Small (7.3 Meter) Earth Station
Antennas
V. Minassian and R. Whitehouse, Spar
Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellewe,
Quebec, Canada
SESSION 2 HORN ANTENNAS AND COMPONENTS
Chairman: G.Y. Delisle, U n i k r s i t e

Laval, Quebec, Canada
1. A Discussion of Small Flare
Corrugated Horns (Theory and Experiment)
V. Minassian and R. Whitehouse, Spar
Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue,
Quebec, Canada
2. Influence des Fentes de Couplage sur
les Modes Hybrides dans un Guide Corruge
A. Khammouni, Telspace S.A., Cergy-Saint-
Christophe, France
5. Corrugated R-Plane Sectoral
Dielectric Wall Horn
Anand Mohan andS.P. Singh, B.H.U.,
from Varanasi, India
Box 4. A Compact Corrugated Horn Antenna
G.G. Wong, TRW Inc., California, USA
SESSION 1 REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 1 5. Empirical Formulae for the Parameters
of Impedance Steps Inductive Strips in
Chairman: Y. Rahmat-Samii, J.P.L., U.S.A. Fin1 ine
Y.L. Tsui and W.J.R. Boefer, University
1. The Performance of Offset Dual of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Parabolic Cylindrical Reflector Antennas
L. Shafai and M.S.A. Sanad, University of 6. Antenna Controller for Offshore
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada Satellite Communications
Musteata, Spar Aerospace Ltd., Ste-
2. SBS BF-1 Communications Antenna Anne-de-Bellewe, Quebec, Canada
System
D.N. Paul and P.S. Bains, Hughes 7. Analyseur de Reseau Hyperfrequence a
Aircraft, California, USA Six Acces en Mode Continu
L. Kaliouby and R.G. Bosisio, Ecole
3. A Concept for a Large Steerable Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Antenpa using Individually Displaced
Pane 1
P.J. Wood, Canadian Astronautics Ltd., SESSION 3 REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE
Ottawa Canada
1. Uniform Array Beam Shaping wit Non-
4. Subreflecteur-Selectif en Frequence Linear Phase Functions
Robert Vourch'h, Alcatel Thomson, Ram Sivaswamy, Spar Aerospace Ltd., Ste-
Levallois Perret, France Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
5. Multibanding of Cassegrain Antenna 2. Highly Shaped Beam Telemetry Antenna
with Frequency SelectiveSubreflector for the ERS-1 Satellite
K.K. Chan, Chan TechnologiesInc., A. K u m a r . Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne-
Kirkland, Quebec and S. Gauthier, de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
Department of National Defense, Ottawa,
Canada 3. Design Constraints of the
Radiometer Receivers
6. Sidelobe Limitation of Offset C. Martin Pascual and P. del castillo
Paraboloidal Antennas Cuervo-Arango, I.E.C., Madrid, Spain
K.M. Prasad and L. Shafai, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada 4. Design and Implementation of
Electronics and Control Module of a C-
7. Transmission Characteristics of Band Scatter
ometer
D.ielecpic LoadedPerforated Screens N. Nagamuthu, Concordia University,
R. Orta, R. Tascone and R. Zich, Italy Montreal, Quebec, Canada
5. Study of Microwave Backscatter and 2. Some Investigations on Helical
Emission Behaviour of Stratified Surface Microstrip Antennas
of the Earth S.K. Chowdhury, T. Chakroborty, P. Paul
Rarnashraya Singh, Postgraduate College, and D.R. Poddar, Jadavpur University,
Ghazipur, India Calcutta, India
6. Radar Polarimetry for Improved 3. A New Broadband Microstrip Antenna
Detection of Targets in Clutter S.K. Chowdhury, P. Paul, A. Mukherjee and
A. Macikunas and S. Haykin, McMaster B. Gupta, Jadavpur University, Calcutta,
University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada India
7. Preliminary Experimental Results of 4. Resonant Modes and Input Impedance of
Polarimetric Marine Radar for Precise Arbitrarily Shaped Microstrip Patches on
Navigation Electrically Thin Substrate
S. Haykin, Terry Greenlay and Bob Cho, T. Martinson and E.F. Kuester, University
McMaster University, hamilton, Ontario, of colordao, Colorado, USA
Canada
5. Miniature Planar Balun for Printed
8. Large Slotted Waveguide Array Circuit Antennas using Quasi-Lumped
Techniques Elements
G. Seguin and L. Camelo, Spar Aerospace, J.M. Seligman, E.S. Gillespie and M.
Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, K.K. Chan, Ryken, California Microwave, California,
Chan Technologies, Kirkland. Quebec, USA
Canada
6. An Improved Frequency Scanning
Microstrip Array Antenna
SESSION 4 ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS B.R. Vishwakarma, B.H.U., Varanasi,
India and W.A. Thanoon, Mosul University,
Chairman: P. Balling, TICRA, Copenhagen, Masul, Iraq
Denmark
7. Theory and experiment on the
On Feedback Hard-Limiting in LMS Equilateral Triangular Patch Antenna
Adaptive Arrays K.F. Lee, University of Akron, Ohio, USA,
Marek Klemes, Canadian Marconi Co., K.M. Luk, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong.
Kanata, Ontario, Canada Hong Kong and J.S. Dahele, Military
College of Science, Shrivenham, Swindon,
2. The Effect of a Finite Distance U.K.
Signal Source on a Far Field Steering
Applebaum Array Two Dimensional Array 8. Resonant Frequency of Passive Post
Case Loaded Circular Patch Radiator
Young J. Hong, Chien-Chung Yeh and Donald Asok DE and B.N. DAS, I.I.T., Kharagpur,
R. Ucci, State University of New York, India
USA
9. Special Analysis and Performance
3. The Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for Measurement of Rectangular Microstrip
Adaptive Arrays Antenna
Hosny M. Ibrahim, Assiut University, Zeyad 0.1. Al-Hekail and Mostafa Afifi,
Assiut, Egypt King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia
4. Effects of Frequency-Swept
Interference on the Performance of an A Spectral Plane Wave Approach for
Adaptive Antenna Array the Evaluation of the Dyadic Green’s
A.S. Al-Ruwais, King Saud University, Functions in Microstrip Antennas
ERiyadh, Saudi Arabia L. Vegni and P. Capece, Universita degli
studi di Roma. La Sapienza, Roma, Italia
5. A Novel Approach to Direction Finding
using a Gram Technique Design of a Class of Travelling Wave
H. Ouibrahim, Donald D. Weiner and T.K. Microstrip Antennas
Sarkar, Syracuse University, USA S.F. Mahmoud, Cairo University,Giza,
Egypt, E.A.F. Abdallah and Hassan A. El-
6. A Performance Criterion for the Hamshary, National Research Center,
Multi-Path Immune Adaptive Antenna Array Cairo, Egypt
Ibrahim Mandour, S. El-Khamy and M.
Abdoul-Dakab, Alexandria University,
A l e x a n d r i a , Egypt SESSION 6 HORN ANTENNAS
Chairman: H.D. Hristov Higher Institute
of Electrical and Mechanical
SESSION 5 MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS Engineering Varna, Bulgaria
Chairman: P. Bhartia, Defence Research K-Band Pyramidal Horns Antennas
Establishment, Ottawa, A. Kumar, Spar Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne-
Ontario, Canada de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
Radiation Characteristics of a 2. Modes in a Dielectric Lined Conical
Circular Microstrip Feed Waveguide
Shafai and A.A. Kishk, University of J. Stanier and M. Hamid, University of
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
Society
Radiation Behavior of Dielectric 8. Mitered Corners in Waveguide Slot

Loaded Double Flare Multimode Conical Arrays
Horn Antenna with HomogenousDielectric Louis A. Kurtz, Huglies Aircraft Co..
Sphere in Front of its Aperture California, USA
R.A. Nair, University of Idaho, Idaho,
USA
SESSION 8 REFLECTOR ANTENNAS 2
Analysis of the Radiation
Characteristics of Partially Dielectric Chairman: P.J. Wood, Canadian
Loaded Conical Horns Astronautics Ltd.,
K.S. Rao, Spar Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne- Ot.tawa, Ontario, Canada
de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
Antenna and System Designs for Mobile
5. Beam Shaping with Symmetrical E- and Communication Satellites
H-Plane Walls Dielectric Loaded Horn H.J. Moody and L.A. Wegrowicz, Spar
Antennas Aerospace Ltd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue,
R.A. Nair, University of Idaho, Idaho, Quebec, Canada
USA
2. Une Antenne de Petit Diametre a Fort
6. Empirical Solutions in Far Field due Rendement et tres Faible Lobes Lateraux
to Dielectric Horns Eric Begout, Alcatel Telspace, Cergy
N.N. Chaudhary and Lalan Jha,L .N. Saint-Christophe, France
Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar,
India Aerostate Borne Ultra-Light Antenna
W.F. Hoover Jr., Westinghouse Electric
Corp., Baltimore, USA
4. A Measure od Deviation from
SESSION 7 ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN-1 Homologous Designfor Microwave Antennas
K. Kiedron, J.P.L., California, USA
Chairman: L . A . Wegrowicz, Spar Aerospace
Ltd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Design and Analysis of Overlapped
Quebec, Canada Gridded Reflectors
F. Hyjazie, Spar Aerospace, Ste-Anne-de-
Improving the Accuracy of the Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, K.K. Chan. Chan
Aperture Integration Method by a Proper Technologies, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada
Choice of the Integration Grids
M.S.A. Sanad andL . Shafai, University of 6. Reduction of Sidelobe Levels in
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada Reflector Antennas by Loadings its
Surface by a Narrow Strip under each
2. Efficient Ray-Path Computation and Strut
its Application to Slot Antennas on a M.S.A. Sanad andL. Shafai. University of
Cone Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
Rakesh Mohan Jha,S.A.-Bokhari, v.
Sudhakar and N. Balakrishnan, Indian 7. Physical Optics-Edge Diffraction
Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Model of Side Lobe Nullin by Discs on a
Parabolic Reflector
Directivity Patterns of a Monopole J.L. Fath, D.A. Trapp and A.J. Terzuoli,
Mounted on Thick Finite circular and Air Force Institute of Technology. Ohio,
Square GroundPlanes USA
Hosny M. Ibrahim, Assiut University,
Assiut, Egypt and David T. Stephenson, 8. Simulation des Diagrammes de
Iowa State University, Iowa, USA Rayonnement en Zone Lointaine par des
Mesures en ZoneProche
Some Experiences with Resonator-Type A. Khammouni et M. Lepee, Alcatel
Antennas Telspace, Cergy Saint-Christophe, France
H.D. Hristov, Higher Institute of
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,
Varna, Bulgaria SESSION 9 SCATTERING AND DIFFRACTIONS
5. Frequency Perturbations for Two Chairman: S.K. Chaudhuri, University of
Coupled Cylindrical Dipole Antennas and Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,
Arrays Canada
F.M. El-Hefnawi and F. M. Mosally, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Some Useful Comments on the use of
Arabia UTD and UAT in Practical Radiation and
Scattering Problems
6. The Input Impedance of a Plasma S. Sanyal, I.I.T., Kharagpur. India, A.K.
Covered Ground Plane Antenna as Bhattacharyya, Concordia University,
Determiend by a Multi-Filament Probe Feed Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Analysis
John M. Jarem, University of Texas, El 2. Scattering of Waves by Random
Paso, Taxes, USA Cylindrical Surfaces
Hisanao Ogura and Hiroshi Nakayama, Kyoto
7. Network Method for Radiation in Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
P1asmas
A.R. Mahfooz and I. Palocz. Polstechnic Evaluation Analytique de la Surface
University, New York, USA Equivalente d’Echo Radar de Cibles
Electriquement Grandes L.E. Corey, E.J. Holder and J.A. Sanford,
Gilles Gonthier and G.Y. Delisle, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada Geoergia, USA
Long Range Propagation of High 2. A Beamforming Network for Cylindrical
Frequency Fields on Weakly
a Curved Arrays
Concave Boundary Peter D. Hrycak, Westinghouse Electric
T. Ishihara, National Defense Academy, Corporation, Maryland,USA
Yokosuka, Japan, L.B. Felsen, Polytechnic
University, Farmingdale, New York, USA 3. Suppression of an Active Phased Array
due to Element Exchange
5. Electromagnetic Scattering from Kuniaki Shiramatsu, Youichi Shima,
coated Conducting Bodies of Revolution Nobutake Orime and Takashi Katagi,
A.A. Kishk and L. Shafai, University of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation,
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada Kanagawa Japan
6. Shielding of a Gigantic Antenna by 4. Role of Corner Reflector in Pruning
Terrain up the RadiationPatterns of a Localizer
Tomonao hayashi,Tadashi Takano and Array
Hiroshi Saitoh, Institute of Space and K.R. Murthy, G. Supriya, S.K. Reddy and
Astronautical Science, Tokyo, Japan M.C. Chandra Mouly, VRS Engineering
College, Vijayawada, India
7. RCS Computation for a Conducting
Cylinder of Arbitrary Cross Section 5. Monopulse Operation of Multifunction
Covered by Multiple Layers of Lossy Phased Arrays
Dielectrics Majeed A.S. A1 Kanhal and Mostafa Afifi,
Ercument Arvas, Rochester Institute of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi
Technology, Rochester, New York, USA Arabia
8. Accurate Prediction of Terrain 6. Change of beamshape from aAperiodic

Undulation and Roughness Effects in Array using Phase Only Control
Radiating Systems G.S.N Raju, Ajoy chakravorty and B.N.
N. Balakrishnan, M.M. Poulose and P.R. Das, I.I.T.. Kharagpur. India
Mahapatra, Indian Institute of Science,
Bangalore, India 7. Phased Array Antenna Element with
GaAs "IC
VHF/UHF Propagation Studies on Line- Caleb R. Bradley, Norsk Marconi a/s.
of-Sight Path in Quasi-Mountainous Oslo, Norway
Terrain
R.K. Tewari and B.S. Jassal, Defence SESSION ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS 2
Electronics Applications Laboratory,
Dehradun, India Chairman: A.K. Bhattacharyya, Concordia
University, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
SESSION SPECIAL SESSION ON ANTENNAS Covariance Difference Eigenstructure
Method for Source bearing Estimation for
Chairman: A. Kumar, Spar Aerospace Ltd., a Class ofNoise Fields
Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, S . Prasad, R. Williams, A.K. Mahalanabis
Canada and L. Sibul, Pennsylvania State
University, USA
Minmax Power Pattern Optimization of
Contoured Beam Antennas usingthe Active 2. The Transfer Characteristics of
Station concept Adaptive Arrays in Communication
P.E. Frandsen, P. Balling and R. Channels
Jorgensen, TICRA, Copenhagen, Denmark Cheng-Bin Sun, RCA David Sarnoff Research
Center, N.J., USA
2. Large Deployable Reflector Antennas
for Space Application A New Era Identification of Point Sources
Invited Paper Tianhu Lei and C.N. Dorny, University of
Y. Rahmat-Samii, J.P.L., California, USA Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
The Technological Challenge of 4. Adaptive Beamforming for the
Antenna MeasurementsAssociated with Rejection of Narrowband Interferences
Large Space-Unfurlable Antenna Systems: using Array Processing requiring no
A Review of Techniques, Available and Desired Response Signal
Proposed Joseph E. Essman and Young Kil Kwag, Ohio
T.J.F. Pavlasek, McGill University, University, Ohio, USA
Montreal, Canada
5. The Mutual Coupling effect on the
Performance of Airborne Adaptive Arrays
SESSION PHASED ARRAYS H.H. Chung, Teledyne Ryan Electronics,
California, USA
Chairman: W. Ross Stone, IRT Corporation
La Jolla, California, USA 6. Protection of a BPSK Communications
System with an Adaptive Array
Phased-Array Antenna Geometry Design M.W. Ganz and R.T. Compton Jr., Ohio
Options State University, Ohio,USA
Soclety Newsletter,
SESSION MICROWAVE ANTENNAS Dual Parabolic Cylindrical Reflectors
M.S.A. Sanad and L. Shafai, University of
Chairman: T.J.F. Pavlasek, McGill Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
University, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada 5. Automatic Multi-Frequency Antenna
Measuring System
Electronically Adaptive Shozo Sumihiro, Gentei Sato, Haruo
Electrically Small Antennas for Hand Held Kawarami, KaoruSakurai. Harunori
Portable Communications Murakami and Haj ime Murakami, Shibaura
A.E. McGirr, B.N.R., Ottawa, Ontario, Inst. of Technolog?, Tokyo, Japan, Sophia
Canada University, tokyo, Japan, Nippon Sheet
Glass Co. Ltd., Kawasaki-shi, Japan
2. Attenuation due to Accretion of Snow
on Reflector Antennas at Microwave 6. Design Modifications for Improvised
Frequencies Performance of Rectangular and Tapered
A. Kumar, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, Microwave Anechoic Chambers
Canada M.C. Chandra Mouly, P.V. Sridevi, G.
Mrudula andS.K. Reddy, V.R.S.
3. Radiation from a Long Dipole Antenna Engineering College,Vijayawada, India
in the Presence of Cylindrical
Scatterers 7. Automated Data Acquisition and
M. Hamid and H.A. Ragheb, University of Analysis System for Antenna Measurements
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada Henry P. Cotten, Constance H. Green, John
L. Estes, Robert A. Gault and Anthony B.
Utilisation des Micro-Ordinateurs a White, Georgia Tech. Research Institute,
1 'Analyse Structurale desPylones Georgia, USA
Haubannes pour Antennes de
Telecommunications
Mircea Iordanescu, IREQ, Varennes, SESSION 15 ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN-2
Quebec, Canada
Chairman: L. Shafai, University of
5. Helical Antenna Peak Gain Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
N. Sultan, Canadian Astronautics Ltd.,
Ottawa, Canada Some Extensions of the Beam
Orthogonality Concept for Multi-Beam
6. Analysis of Reactively Loaded Antennas
Waveguide-Fed Short-Backfire Arrays P.J. Wood, Canadian Astronautics Ltd.,
Sachendra Nath Sinha. D.K. Mehra andR.P. Ottawa, Canada
Agarwal, University of Roorkee, India
2. Sensitivity Estimations of the Far-
7. Mutual Impedance Effects in Scanning Field RadiationPattern
of DipoleArrays in Series Amos E. Gera, Elta Electronics Industries
S.H. Damle, J.V. Chande and K.P. Ray, Ltd, Ashdod, Israel
SAMEER, Bombay, India
3. A Spectral Iteration Technique for
8. Systems Considerations for Planar the Analysis of a Monopole at the Center
Antennas for Ku-Band TVRO of a Circuilar Ground Plane
Roger J. Godin, Home Box Office Inc., New S.A. Bokhari and N. Balakrishnan, Indian
York, USA Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Thin Wire Modeling by Method of
SESSION 14 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Moments
M.P. Mathur, Regional Engineering
Chairman: R.C. Whitehouse, Spar Aerospace College, Kurukshetra,N.C. Mathur,
Ltd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellewe, Educational Consultants India Ltd., and
Quebec, Canada R. Raghuram, I.I.T., Kanpur, India
1. Effect of the Feed Offset Angle on 5. Radiation Patterns of Triangle
the Performance of Compact Ranges using Faceted Antenna Reflectors
Paraboloidal Reflectors Marcio L.X. dos Santos, I.T.A.. N.R.
L. shafai and M.S.A. Sanad, University of Rabelo, I.N.P.E., Brazil
Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
6. Design of Slotted Coaxial Cable
2. Precision Photogrammetric Antenna System for a Nuclear Power Plant
Measurements of NASA/JPL 34M High D.R. Hoskins, Pacific Gas andElectric
Efficiency Antenna San Francisco, USA
W.D. Merrick, F.L. Lansing, F.W. Stoller
and V.B. Lobb, J.P.L., California, USA 7. More Improvement in the Method of
Moments in the Solution ofPocklington's
3 . The Dihedral Corner Reflector and Hallen's Integral Equations
Technique for Free Space Permittivity F.M. El-Hefnawi and L.M. Aref, King
Measurements of Lossy Dielectrics Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi
Paolo corona, G. Ferrara andC. Arabi
Gennarelli, Istituto Universitario
Navale, Napoli, Italy 8. A New Wide Angle Scanning Disc
Antenna
4. Effect of Edge Diffracted Fields on B.R. Vishvakarma and Abdul A.m. Ali,
the Performance of a Compact Range using B.H.U., Vaianasi, India
IRA Contributions-Rather than passing asubstantive USAB Meeting Actions, May 28-USAB approved addi-
amendment to restore tax deductiiility for IRA contriiu- tional Position Statements at May its meeting.
tions, the United States Senate passed the proverbial Industriczl Competirjveness: The U.S. must give special
buck to members of the conference committee that will-meet attention to measuresthat am effective in dealing with the
in mid-July to iron out differences between the House and loss of for U.S. products and that strengthen man-
versions of the Tax Reform Act of extended ufacturine competitiveness, including a strong science and
debate on June the Senate approved a non-binding reso- engineerins base; entrepreneurial spirit; a large domestic
its ccderccs to p~%rityto
retaining possible tax benefits for mdividual retire- market; and human resources. The USAB Position outlines
ment accounts to encourage their useas a pMcipal vehicle aa strategy tocommitmentreverse the decline in competitiveness, including
for ensuring retirement without, however adversely technologies; improvingto developing and marketing new
the use ofhuman resources; and
other provisions of thetax reform b ill.
The approachesto achieving the Senate’s goal are provid- increasing the availability of capital.
a tax credit ratherthana deduction forIRAcontributions; Availnbiliiy of Japanese Technical Translations: USAB
ailowing tax-free distributionsfrom IRAs; and expanding the supports increasing the availability of Japanese technical lit-
limited deduction for taxpayers who are covered by a to those notfluent in the Japanese language. “Japan
retirement pianto include taxpayers who are coveredbut has contriiutcd strongly to the of the in manyspecial
vesred in employersponsored p h s . fields of electro-technology.It is importaut that information
The Senate version of the tax bin eliminates the current about these Japanese advances be readily available on a
deduction forIRAcontriiutionsfor persons who are covered -*-oiid.w-i%&
by other taxqualified retirement plans. The Housc version
of H.R. retains the current deduction forcontri- -EEE has begun participatingin “Perspec-
butions to individual retirementaccounts. tives,” a televised series of commentaries produced by the
IEEE members are to continue with U.S. chamber ofCommerce.“Perspectives”focuses on
their Senators and Representatives about the critical impor- issues of to business leaders and is aired on “Nation’s
tance of IRAs in providing savings for retirement. Individual Business Today, a news and information program shown on
retirement accounts are an indispensable of retire- ESPN Cable Network.
ment income foran incrcashg number of mobile American Editorials be presented once a month by IEEE Presi-
It is particularly important that members of the dent Bruno Weinschel or by other key Institute officers
House Ways andMeaas Committee and theSenate Finance and are expected to reach some business profession-
Committee hear from thcir constituentson this issue. Tele- als,managers, owners and the public at large. Scheduled air
phone calls to these legislators should be followed up with dates include: August September October Novem-
brief letters that summarize member’s individual concerns. ber 11 and December9.
For more information, contact Vin O’NeiU in the IEEE
Wasikgton m c e . Further information on the issues reported in USAB Hot
Lines and Copies of JEEE and USAB Positions are available
Capital Tas-The total, long-term capital gains tax from theIEEE Washington Office.
revenue to the U.S. Treasury increased despite
recent reductions in thetax rate,according to a report
to Congress bythe Treasury’s0 5 c e &Tax Analysis. In
the rate was reduced from a of percent to
percent. In it was reduced to percent. Thetax reform
bill now considered in the proposes
to reduce thisincentive by taxing capital gains at a
of 27 percent.
IEEE President Bruno Weinschel, at the USAB meeting
on May said that the proposed tax me increase could
result in a loss of skilled manufactwing jobs in the United “Transnational’, a word of unknown origin which failsto make an
StatesandarctrcncbmentinU.S.manufacmhgskdls.US-, appearance in the 0.vJord English Dictionary butwhichdoes
at the same meeting, approved a Position Statement that appear in the Institute’s pronouncements. One assumes that it may
favors retentionof the current20-percent capital be taken to mean that “all members enjoy the same facilities and
tax.It says, in part, In order to increase are governedby the Same rules,withoutnationaldistinction.”
Competitiveness of U.S. high-technology industry, especially What, one is entitled to ask, are thepractical consequences which
in electronics, additional capital is required forth: introduc- followfrom the use of this attractive sounding promotional
tion of new technologies and investment in research and adjective?
development. Such industries must become more capital- Subscriptions to the Instituteitself, to its journals and to its
intensive, in order to be more competitive. The reductions societies are determined by the governing bodyin the United States
of recent providesuchinvestmentincentivesand and are quoted in dollars; nothing could be more egalitarian, or
increases the availability of venture capital.’’ :odd it?Engineer Hiram B. Hackenbacher Ill Jr. working in
The ‘U’SAEIpoosiiioti further order Hocopoco, Arizona may work for one hour to earn his subscrip-
investment in high technology enterprises, regain competi- tion to the Computer Society, Ivanovitch Smirnoff of Marksograd
tiveness in international trade, preserve specialized labours for three hours buyhis membership and Ahmed
facturing skills and jobs, and recover lost employment,it is Vizagapatan from Ghandipur puts in five hours of toil before he
important to preserve the preferential tax treatment of U.S. can claim his copy of Computer Magazine. Transnational? not
long-term capital gains, at least for corporate stocks and according to our definition.Societyingeneralhascreatedthe
equity.” problem but done nothing to solve it, the IEEE has at least tried.
As a part of the process ofjoining the lEEE a list of approved ofa speaker reading his script, or in pictures ofa machine produc-
.educational establishments has been brought into being, the UK ing integratedcircuits at high speed. Ifthe service is to be promoted
part of that document makes mention of Cambridge University, in Region might it not be wiseas afirst stagein the procedure, to
but omits the University of Oxford. Just as it should be, according devote at leastsometime to a study the way in which the
to thosefrom Cambridge; but it also omits all the UK poly- Region'smembersbelievethey should be introduced to that
technics, bodieswhich award degreesofuniversity standard. advancedtechnology which the United States undoubtedly
Surely if the IEEEneedsthis information the proper place to possesses.
obtain it is from someone with localknowledge. the UKRI The Haraden Pratt awardhas this yearbeen conferred on a
chairman, who would have no difficulty in obtaining a complete candidate from outside the United States, Mr. Robert Winton,
list. Profesor Turner, the UKRI Chairman intends to correct this Secretary of Region 8. It was awarded largely as a consequenceof
particular piece.of transnational misinformation. his efforts in the interests of"transnationa1ism". He is in no doubt
Holidays in the US calendar are no doubt important to those about the nature ofthe problem; it is that the US governing bodies
who live under the stars and stripes and quite rightly a list of US do not think of the IEEE as a transnational organisation. trans-
public holidays appears in the IEEE Technical Activities Guide nationalism for them being a separate subject which should not
(TAG). as, amongst other things, an aid conference organisers. impinge upon the general thinking the Institute's governingand
who like conference organisers everywhere. wish to avoid dates on advisorybodies. Those whohaveread the report of the
which there are public holidays. Mr. George Washington's birth- United States ActivitiesBoard wit1have seen that that board
day is not celebrated in Rome, Riyadh, Sydney or Chungking with favours "the retention ofcontrols on. and individual review of, the
quite the enthusiasm which it commands in Albuquerque. New entry of foreign engineers into the US labour force": and that the
Mexico; but the "outside" world does not rise indignantly at its same board supports "a 'return-home rule' for foreign students.
inclusion in TAG. The dates of public holidays in Europe are requiring them to leave the for two yearsbefore adjusting their
freely available: they could figure in the TAG calendar and arenot immigration status to seek re-entry. with limited exceptions for
protected by copyright. What then of holidaysin countries outside students of outstanding abilities". Is that one of the many faces of
Europe, might not the IEEE inhabitants of such places feel a little' transnationalism? No one contests the right of nations to foster the
aggrieved if their great occasions were to pass unnoticed. Once well-being of their own inhabitants; indeed all nations do s o , but
more the transnational problem is easier to specify thanto solve. for a scientific society to deny those most affected by such rules. a
The institute rightly places more than alittle emphasis on Con- voice in policies which materially affect them, surely cannot be a
tinuing Education;by this it meanscontinuing Electrical Engineer- part ofthat Society's transnational policy. It is the duty of national
ing education since for most of education is a process which is parliaments to debate these matters: the question is: should the
arrested only by a long wooden box. The IEEE has devoted sub- Institute actively encouragea parliamentto enact laws ofthis kind
stantial timeand money to the production of "educational" and thereby divide its members by nationality?
material in a variety of forms, from books sophisticated
to two way
satellite courses. It does not however. seem to have given much
thought to the differences between say British and Italian teaching
methods and the attitudes of their universities towards electrical
engineering education, or to the even greater differences between
education methods in the US and in Europe in general. The IEEE Theabove editorial on "transnationalism" i s
video tapes have only rarely been well received in Europe; they do reprinted from the IEEERegion 8 Newsletter, and i s
not seem to make good use of the opportunities provided by a i t s Editor. Our President, AlanSimmons,
visual stimulus to learning, for example the cost of a video tape and your NewsletterEditor i t worthy of
programme is too high for time to be frittered away in pictures :onsideration by members.
techniques to compute magnetic fields. Reflecting Graz, Austria

the growing importanceof coupled problems, it is August 25-28, 1987
intended to feature papers on electromagnetic
The sixth COMPUHAG Conference on the Computa- fields coupled to mechanical, electronic, thermal
tion of Electromagnetic Fields will be held at the and/or flow systems. In order to present an
Conference Center inGraz, Austria from August overview and focus attentionon future trendsin
to August 28, 1987. Its aim will be to review areas of immediate as well as long term interests
recent developments in the analysis of electromag- to the conference, prominent speakers will be
netic fields for physicists and engineers engaged invited to present papers. Preliminary short
in the design of electromagnetic devices and versions of papers are due at the Conference. The
permanent magnets. Previous Conferences Conference Proceedings will be published in the
were held at Oxford ( 1 9 8 1 ) , Grenob1e;France (1978). IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.
Chicago, USA (1981), Genoa, Italy (1983) and Fort
Collins. Colorado, Topics of interest to the Conference include:
The principal objectiveof the conference 1. Two and three dimensional magnetostatic
to discuss practical applications of numerical and electrostatic field calculations for both
60
linear and non-linear problems. Both new sparse matricesof coefficients.
techniquesandimprovementstoexisting
methods are appropriate subjects. Practical experience in the application of
computer programs for the design of electro-
2. Time-dependentfields,includingthe magnetic devices, with particular reference
to
transient and steady state behaviour of the calculation of forces and other terminal
electromagnetic devices, eddy currents, flux parameters.
penetration into iron and equivalent circuit
techniques. Softwaremethodologyandinteractive
computer aided design for electromagnetics.
3. Material
properties,including
the Topics of interest include graphics, parallel
numerical treatmentof anisotropy, hysteresis, computation, knowledge base, expert systems
permanent magnets and diamegnetics. and AI-techniques.
4. Electromagneticfieldscoupledtoa An on-line computer display and exhibition

of
mechanical, electronic, thermal and/or flow both commercial and university/research organiza-
system. Examples include actuators, variable tions is planned duringCOMPUMAG
speed
drives,superconducting
magnets,
electroheat, nondestructive testing, recording
For further information contact:
heads, nuclear fusion and power electronic
devices.
K. Preis, H. Khigswieser
5. Numericaltechniques,includingmesh INTERCONVENTION
generation, optimization and methods of P.0.
solving large sets of equations with dense or A-1107 Vienna, Austria
High Frequency Opportunity

Technical Director, Senior Engineers, Technicians (Electrical and Mechanical)
A new,rapidlygrowingAntenna/RFSystemsCompany isseekinghighlyqualifiedandmotivatedSr.Design
Engineers/Technicians who are interested in making a major contribution to Astron’s growth and participating in its
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11th (617) 253-2101
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Newsletter,
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shi
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and
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P.O. Ohio
of Symposia
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for URSl

This is alarge issue! However, I didn't want

A6 I urite this, the Philadelphia symposium Just ended and

Chapter activities were another major discussion irem. We

A slate of nominees for next year's officers was proposed by

are looking forward toa different styleof symposium next

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter is

ABSTRACT: The conjugate gradient method is have an eigenvalue

The eigenvaluesof an operator are given by Next, is. minimizedwithrespect to

The iterative nature of the conjugate

It is also interesting to note thatfrom X2 in l l N - l to obtain the minimum point Xg

explicitly. All one needs is the formula

So the iterative process can be summarized

I 'k+l k' "kPk

where A* is the adjoint operator. For this

in evaluating (43) it is to be emphasized

observed for this computation: 300

10.A. ON TBE MATHEMATICAL DEVELOPMENT

Beginning with the current issue, Prof. Tapan K.

[23]. r (:,SI (3.3)

65. 111-116.1944. 1976.

January Interaction Problems,'"

(or we1 One of of

Young describe the Ohio State contributions

The number of AP-S Chapters has grown by

March 17, " L a r gD

April "Modern MIC Transmission T h e 1a t e s t d e v e l o p m e n t s i n microwave

February "Computer Aided Design of

May "The of Aperture

March 27, "The Clpplication of Microwave

July "ElectromagneticInteraction September "Low Temperature Behavior

May 28, 1986; "Target Adaptive Matched Illu-

These pictures were transmitted to Earth by Santa Clara Don Rucker

Del a 51 Dr. Charles Rhoads Prof Naohisa *to

Huntsvi 11 e Eric Boy-

Various values of n-bar be used,but some of them correspond to

TAYLOR DISTRIBUTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Figure 1. Circular Distribution and

SPECIAL OFFER TO CONTRIBUTORS

Chart. The skin depth for a lossy conductor is de-

A longer chapter on multiports follows. A vector

Degree recipients or their committee chairmen are

Radio Auroral and Polar

Future instrumentation: Detectors, SpacelLunar Based

Technical Program Committee Chairman: Chalmers Butler

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF ABSTRACTS

Notification of acceptance rejection will be mailed t o t h e f i r s t

These instructions apply t o all papers, including those invitedby

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEh!lVM AhD PROPAGATION

During 1985, AP-S publishedtwocumulativeindices Table L A p - S BUDGETS FOB 1981-1986

Figure 1. Distribution of AP-S incomeandexpenses.

Figure 3. Membership, reserves, and Transactions pages.

Lectureship at Queen Mary College

paper sometimes refer to an earlier issue, perhaps as

Some disappointment was expressed

Gary S. Brown w a s born i n Jackson, MS on 13 A p r i l 1940. Dan S c h a u b e r tw a sb o r ni nG a l e s b u r g ,

John K. Schindler is ChiefoftheAntennasand

A f t e rr e c e i v i n gt h e SB degreefrom MIT andthe

Mr. Scotthasbeenawarded three U.S. Patentsand

Mr. S c o t t w a s e l e c t e d Charimanof t h e Washington,

Ross Stone was born in San Diego, California

David Pozar received

G. Smith received his IEEE FeUow Certificate. The New Fellows

SESSION 2 HORN ANTENNAS AND COMPONENTS