Newton’s Laws of Motion 3

CONSTRAINED
MOTION

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NEETLIVE Apply
 String Constrained
When two objects are connected through a string and No if the string have the following
properties :
a) The length of the string remains constant i.e. inextensible string.

a) Always remains tight, does not slacks. Then the parameters of the motion of the objects
along the length of the string and in the direction of extension have a definite relation
between them.

1st format : When string is fixed

A S B V
1st format : When string is fixed

V V V

B
A B

VA = VB = V
VA = ?
A
Example

VA = 8m/s

370
VB = ? B
Example Find out the velocity of block B in a pulley block system as shown in figure

530 370

10m/s A B
Example What is the velocity of Block A in the figure as shown below.

50 / 3 m/s

530

A
Example Find velocity of ring B (VB) at the instant shown. The string is taut and
inextensible

300
VB
B VA = 1m/s

60
0 A
2nd format : When pulley is also moving

VP

VA VB

A B
( -ve sign indicate the direction of each block is opposite with respect to Pulley )
vA - vP = vB + vp

vP = (vA + vB) / 2

To solve the problem put the values of vA, vB, & vP with sign.
Example Find the velocity of block A ?

VP = 10 m/s

A VA = ?
B
Example Find the velocity of block A ?

VP = 10 m/s

B
A VA = ?
Example Find the velocity of block B ?

VP = 10 m/s

A B VB = ?
5 m/s
Example Find the velocity of block D ? 7 m/s

8 m/s
E F

2 m/s
A B C D

5 m/s
Example Find the velocity of point G?

B C

E
G
A H F
10 m/s
Example In each of the three arrangements, the block of mass m1 is being pulled left
with constant velocity. There is no friction anywhere. The strings are light and
inextensible and pulleys are massless. The ratio of the speed of the block of
mass m2 in the three cases respectively is
1. 2. 3. m1
m1 m1

m m
2
m 2
2

A. 2 : 1 : 4 B. 2 : 4 : 1

C. 4 : 2 : 1 D. Cannot be calculated
Solution

m1
m1 m1

m m
2
m 2
2
3rd format of string constraint : SOLVING
STRATEGY:

● First choose the longest string in the given problem which contains the point of which
velocity/acceleration to be find out.
● Now mark a point on the string wherever it comes in contact or leaves the contact of
real bodies.
● If due to motion of a point, length of the part of a string with point is related, increases
then its speed will be taken +ve otherwise -ve.
Example Find the velocity of block C ?

D E I

J
Vc = ?
C
B C F G
5m/s↓
2m/s↓

A B
Example The velocities of A and B are shown. Find the speed (in ms-1) of block
C. (Assume that the pulleys and string are ideal)
3 ms-1

C B
1 ms-1

A
Constrained Motion
If motion of one block is stopped, the other block is
also stopped (keeping string tight)

F
1 2

1 2
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?)

1 F
2
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?)

1 F
2
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?)

1 F
2
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?)

1 F
2
Example Find the acceleration of each block a 1kg = ? & a2kg = ?

F = 30 N
1kg 2kg
Example Find the acceleration of each block a 1kg = ? & a2kg = ?

2kg

1kg
Wedge Constraint

V1
V2
V3
θ
θ
Contact plane
V3 = V1 sinθ

Conditions :
1. There is a regular contact between two objects
2. Objects are rigid
Wedge Constraint

θ
Wedge Constraint

θ
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?) All surfaces are
smooth

2
θ
Example Find the constraint equation. (a1 / a2 = ?) All surfaces are smooth

1
2
θ
Example Find the acceleration of wedge.

m
θ = 45o
 A rod of mass 2m moves vertically downward on the surface of wedge of
Example
mass as shown in figure. Find the relation between velocity of rod and that of
the wedge at any instant.

2m

m
θ
Example Two blocks A and B each having a mass of 20 kg, rest on frictionless
surfaces as shown in the figure below. Assuming the pulleys to be light and
frictionless, compute :
a) the time required for block A, to move down by 2m on the plane, starting
from rest,
b) tension in the string, connecting the blocks.

37o
Example Two blocks m1 and m2 are placed on a smooth inclined plane as shown in
figure. If they are released from rest Find :
(i) acceleration of mass int and m,
(ii) tension in the string
(iii) net force on pulley exerted by string

m1
m2
√3 kg
1 kg
30o 60o
Example In the figure shown, neglecting friction and mass of pulleys, what is the
acceleration of mass B

A. g / 3 B. 5g / 2 C. 2g / 2 D. 2g / 5

m A

m B
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