6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

LEC. 09 – STRESS & STRAIN

(EXAMPLES)

EXAMPLE (1)
A bar of metal 25mm in diameter is tensioned on a
length of 250 mm. In tension the following results
were recorded:

1. Represent these results in graphical form

2. Determine the stiffness of the bar K
3. Determine Young’s modulus E.

1 Eng. Mhd. Ali-Dib

6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

Solution:
1. Represent these results in graphical form:

2. Determine the stiffness of the bar K

DP
D(DL)

Slope, K

k = DP/D(DL) = (72.8-10.4)/(0.191-0.036)
 k = 402.58 kN/mm

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

3. Determine Young’s modulus E

s = P/A , e = DL/L 
s (N/mm2) 21.2 63.59 106 148.38
e (X10-5) 14.4 35.6 56 76.4

E = Ds/De =
205129 N/mm2
Ds
De

Slope, E

EXAMPLE (2)
A column 3m high has a solid circular cross section
and carries an axial load of 10 000 kN.
If the direct stress in the column is limited to
150N/mm2 :
1. Determine the minimum allowable diameter.
2. Calculate the shortening of the column due to
this load.
3. Calculate the increase in its diameter.
Take E=200 000N/mm2 and ν=0.3
Note: Neglect the self weight of the column

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

P=10000kN P=10000kN

s=P/A
h=3m

Reaction=P

s=P/A , smax≤sall  P/A ≤sall

D=??
10000x103/(πD2/4) ≤150
D≥291.3mm  Dmin=291.3mm

P=10000kN
s=E.e (Hooke’s Law)
(s=P/A , e=DL/L)
DL= P/A=E. DL/L
??
DL=PL/EA
DL=(10000x103x3x103)/
h=3m

(200000x πx291.32/4)
 DL=2.25mm
n=e’/e (Poisson’s Ratio)
n=(DD/D)/(DL/L)
DD=??
0.3=(DD/291.3)/(2.25/3000)
D=291.3
mm
 DD=0.066mm

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

EXAMPLE (3)
A column 3m high has a hollow circular cross
section of external diameter 300mm and carries an
axial load of 5000 kN.
If the stress in the column is limited to 150N/mm2
and the shortening of the column under load must
not exceed 2mm:
Calculate the maximum allowable internal
diameter.
Take E=200 000N/mm2.
Note: Neglect the self weight of the column

P=5000kN P=5000kN

s=P/A
h=3m

Reaction=P

D=300
mm
s=P/A , smax≤sall  P/A ≤sall
d=PL/EA, dmax≤dall  PL/EA ≤dall

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

 s=P/A
smax≤sall  P/A ≤sall
 5000x103/A ≤150N/mm2
 A ≥ 33333.33 mm2 
 d=PL/EA
dmax≤dall  PL/EA ≤dall
 (5000x103x3x103)/(200000xA) ≤2mm
 A ≥ 37500 mm2 
( & )  A = 37500 mm2
A = (πD2/4)-(πd2/4) = 37500mm2
(π3002/4)-(πd2/4) = 37500mm2 d=205.6mm

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

PROBLEM (1)
1. Find the stress in a 3m high reinforced concrete
column (50x50cm), which supports a load of
1500KN.
2. If the allowable stress in
compression for
reinforced concrete is
4.5MPa. Verify the
strength condition of
failure. Propose an
adequate section of the
column if it is not enough.

PROBLEM (2)
The chemical storage tank is supported by four
identical tension hangers. Each one carries a force T.
1. Determine the tension force in each hanger
2. Verify the strength condition
3. Propose an adequate diameter of the cable if it is
not enough.
Given:
o 4 Cables: ф=1.5 cm, (70% metallic)
o Self weight of hangers is neglected
o Weight of the tank W= 160 kN
o Allowable stress in each cable = 500 MPa

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

B
Bar ‫قضيب‬
D
Diagram ‫مخطط‬
E
Extension ‫تمذد‬
G
Graphical Form ‫شكل بياني‬
H
Hollow ‫مفرغ‬
M
Metal ‫معذني‬

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6 November 2018 AIU - Faculty of Civil Engineering

END OF LEC. 09

END

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